What is another name for the giant sequoia? mammoth tree

Probably very tall and with a very thick trunk, if that’s what it’s called, many of us will decide. Few Russian residents have seen it. After all, it grows far overseas, in Central America.

Indeed, the sequoia dendron, or mammoth tree, can be up to 100 meters high with a trunk diameter of up to 10 m. This is difficult to imagine. A tree that is taller than the tallest house! And how shocked the Europeans were when they saw such a forest! It was in 1762 in the south North America, on the coast Pacific Ocean.

The tree was named sequoia by the Austrian botanist Stefan Endlicher in honor of the outstanding leader of the American Iroquois tribe Sequoia. Now botanists call it sequoia dendron.

This tree lives for a very long time. They say the age is both 3 and 4 thousand years. IN at different ages Sequoia dendron looks different. young tree, about a hundred years old, looks like a dark green pyramid. The translucent reddish trunk is covered with branches from the very ground to the top. Over time, the trunk becomes exposed and thick, and then becomes gigantic.

It is known that thirty people can easily fit on one stump of the Mammoth tree. And in one of the parks in America, a tunnel has been punched through its trunk, through which cars can freely pass.

Now there are only 500 of these trees left. They are protected, they are even given their own names, for example “Father of the Forests”, “General Grant”. Its red wood does not rot, and this was one of the reasons for the destruction of these trees.

Sequoia evergreen is a relative of Sequoia dendron, but is slightly smaller in size. Its wood is highly prized. It is also red and does not rot. Mahogany furniture is redwood furniture.

Sequoia grows very quickly, and forests of these beautiful trees are grown in America.

Sequoia dendron giant and sequoia evergreen differ from each other in the shape of their leaves and the size of their cones. Sequoia has narrow leaves and from a distance it seems like there are needles on the branches. Its branch is fluffier than that of the Mammoth tree, whose leaves are more like scales.

Evergreen sequoias have taken root on the shores of the Black Sea, in the Crimea and in the Caucasus.

In the autumn of 1912, near the village of Rhynie in Scotland, the country doctor W. Mackey, who also studied geology for his own pleasure, made a cut in the rock and suddenly saw perfectly preserved plant remains. On a bare, thin stem sat somewhat elongated balls with thick walls. As it turned out later, it was the oldest plant on Earth. It lived around...

There are seeds that germinate easily and quickly, such as maple, cereal, sunflower, lettuce, and weeds. But in almost all flowering plants the seeds are not able to germinate immediately. In order for them to sprout, they need to be placed in special conditions. Legumes and plants from arid areas simply need to be wetted before sowing, as they have a hard skin, and put...

In winter, larch looks like a dried spruce: bare branches, without needles, grayish bark covered with cracks. In spring, the branches of the tree are covered with green needles. Having touched them, you are surprised - they are soft, tender, not prickly at all. They turn golden yellow in the fall and fall off in the winter. This is the advantage of larch over other conifers. After all, perennial needles become polluted, which makes it difficult for the plant to breathe and...

The bright yellow flowers of St. John's wort open in midsummer. It grows in damp places in meadows and swamps, and even just in shallow water near river banks, and in sand, and on rocky areas, and in bushes, and near roads. It can also be found high in the mountains, in alpine meadows. Bright flowers, but devoid of nectar...

Mosses and bryophytes are a special department plant kingdom. This higher plants, however, they do not have roots, and we can only talk about leaves and stems conditionally. The largest class of mosses is the mosses. They grow everywhere - from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The stems of these mosses are covered with leaf outgrowths of various shapes. The leaf is sometimes wrapped and accumulates in this microscopic cavity...

Prickly raspberry bushes are so common that we notice them only at the end of July, when the berries are ripe. But pay attention to those shoots on which the raspberries ripen. They consist of two parts: a long red stem coming out of the ground, and short green branches with berries that grew on it. This red twig grew in the past...

In Asia and the Mediterranean, the fig tree is the most common plant. She gives people most valuable product food - figs. It is also called fig or wineberry. Figs contain a lot of sugar and also contain vitamins A, B1, B2, C. In the Bible, an ancient religious book, the fig tree is a symbol of fertility. From 20 to 100 kg of fruits are collected from one tree. Fig tree…

Look at the groundnut pod. It is very similar to a pea and bean pod. And groundnuts, or peanuts, belong to the same family - legumes. Both the bush and the peanut flowers remind us of a very familiar plant - the pea. But that's where the similarities end. A peanut flower on a long stalk emerges from the axil at the base of the leaf petiole, attached...

We know that there is such an aromatic variety of apples with a specific taste - anise, that there are anise liqueurs, liqueurs and anise caramel. But perhaps few people know what kind of plant this is – anise. Anise, or star anise, is it a shrub or not? tall tree with fragrant, fragrant leathery leaves. Both the leaves and bark of star anise secrete a secretion that...

Laurel evergreen - this is what botanists call this low evergreen tree or bush. It has beautiful, fragrant leaves covered with a dense shiny skin. IN Ancient Greece laurel was considered a sacred plant and was planted near temples dedicated to the god Apollo. Laurel was sung by poets. Heroes, victorious warriors, poets, and emperors were crowned with a wreath of its leaves. An ancient Greek myth tells that the most beautiful of...

To the question What is a mammoth tree? given by the author Olesya the best answer is
The species received its name due to its gigantic size and external resemblance its huge hanging branches with mammoth tusks. This species was widespread in the northern hemisphere at the end of Cretaceous period and in the Tertiary period, now only about 30 groves have survived, located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada in California at an altitude of 1500-2000 m above sea level.
Mature trees reach a height of up to 100 meters with a trunk diameter of 10-12 m. The oldest, on this moment, The giant sequoia has an age of 3200 years, determined by its growth rings.
The name of the giant sequoiadendron, described in 1853, has changed several times due to the desire to name the tree after one of the great people of that time. The largest sequoiadendrons bear proper names: “Father of the Forests”, “General Sherman”, “General Grant” and others.
Sequoiadendron as an ornamental plant is grown in many countries of the world: the southwestern part of Europe, where it was brought back in the middle of the 19th century, as well as in the Southern Crimea, Central Asia, Black Sea coast Caucasus, Transcarpathia.
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GIANTS
To those who see a sequoia for the first time, it seems like something out of a fairy tale. The average diameter of a tree is two and a half meters, and sometimes up to six meters, and the height of some trees exceeds 110 meters. Such a tree will be taller than the Statue of Liberty from the base of the pedestal to the top of the torch. The volume of the trunk can easily accommodate an intercity bus. The sequoia tree is the largest living organism on Earth. A typical redwood forest contains more biomass per unit area than any other area in the world. globe, including the Amazonian jungle.

Answer from Natushka[guru]
Sequoia dendron, or mammoth tree, can be up to 100 meters high with a trunk diameter of up to 10 m. This is difficult to imagine. A tree that is taller than the tallest house! And how shocked the Europeans were when they saw such a forest! This was in 1762 in the south of North America, on the Pacific coast. The tree was named sequoia by the Austrian botanist Stefan Endlicher in honor of the outstanding leader of the American Iroquois tribe Sequoia. Now botanists call it sequoia dendron. This tree lives for a very long time. They say the age is both 3 and 4 thousand years. Sequoia dendron looks different at different ages. A young tree, about a hundred years old, looks like a dark green pyramid. The translucent reddish trunk is covered with branches from the very ground to the top. Over time, the trunk becomes bare and becomes thick, and then becomes gigantic. It is known that thirty people can easily fit on one stump of the Mammoth tree. And in one of the parks in America, a tunnel has been punched through its trunk, through which cars can freely pass. Now there are only 500 of these trees left. They are protected, they are even given their own names, for example, “Father of the Forests”, “General Grant”. Its red wood does not rot, and this was one of the reasons for the destruction of these trees.

Answer from VeselyVolk[guru]
I think it's a sequoia

Answer from Tatyana[guru]
Giant sequoiadendron, mammoth tree. Giant sequoiadendron, mammoth tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Bucch.) This is a coniferous evergreen tree of gigantic size, native to North America. Once upon a time, 60 million years ago, it was widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, but is now preserved only in a special reserve in the Sierra Nevada mountains in California. The grove has only about 500 trees. It is one of the tallest and long-lived trees on the globe. Struck by its gigantic size and the peculiar arrangement of huge arched hanging branches reminiscent of mammoth tusks, the discoverers gave it the name mammoth tree.

(Sequoiadendron)- a genus of woody plants of the Taxodiaceae family (lat. Taxodiaceae), which, without exaggeration, can be called living fossils. This genus has only one species - giant sequoiadendron, or mammoth tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum). Redwood forests were first discovered by Europeans on the Pacific coast in 1769, and in 1853 sequoiadendron was described by the famous English botanist D. Lindley, who gave it its name wellingtonia in honor of the Englishman Duke of Wellington, hero of the Battle of Waterloo. But in 1939, this genus received the name "sequoiadendron" because the name "Wellingtonia" had previously been assigned to another plant.

Coniferous heartwood, the wood of which is distinguished by a light red heartwood, medium hardness and good mechanical properties. The high density makes this wood light but strong, and the combination of oils and resins almost eliminates rotting, attacks by termites and other insects. It is perfect for construction work, for making fences and tiles, and the thick bark of this tree (30-60 cm) can be used as linings in fruit containers. It was precisely because of high-quality wood that the predatory extermination of sevoyadendrons began since the time of the first explorers. Nowadays, this endangered species is protected and therefore is largely excluded from economic use.

In nature, sequoiadendron can only be found in nature reserves on the western slopes of the California Sierra Nevada, where it grows in forest area Mariposa Grove, located 35 miles from Yosemite Valley. Sequoiadendrons grow in small individual groves (about 30 in total) at an altitude of 1500-2000 m above sea level. The remaining trees to date, and there are only about 500 of them, have been declared protected. The largest sequoiadendrons have their own names: “Father of Forests”, “General Sherman”, “General Grant”. One of them is the "Giant Grizzly", whose age is 2700 years. This long-liver reaches a height of 65 meters, and the diameter of its base is 9 meters. An orchestra and three dozen dancers can easily fit on the cut of another tree. There are also known tunnels made in the lower parts of trunks (for example, in Yosemite Park such a tunnel has existed since 1881. Cars can freely pass through it.
Sequoiadendrons are also known to be up to 135 m high and about 6,000 years old.
Sequoiadendrons, like their closest relatives, redwoods, are perfectly adapted to frequent forest fires. Their wood and bark are fire resistant. Black scars on the trunks of large trees indicate that they have survived fires. In addition, the reproduction of these plants depends on fires. The tiny seeds require minimal soil to germinate, and the seedlings require sun. Fires destroy competing trees and provide fertile ash plus direct access to the sun.

In many countries around the world, sequoiadendron is bred as ornamental plant. It looks especially attractive at the age of 80-100 years, when its dark green crown, which starts from the ground, has a regular pyramidal shape. Sequoiadendron is also colored by reddish bark, scale-like needles and small single cones with flat shield-shaped scales arranged in a spiral. With age, the correctness of the crown is disrupted, the previously decorative trunk becomes bare and thickens, and the tree takes on a monumental appearance.
Sequoiadendron was brought to Europe in 1853. It has taken root well in the gardens and parks of its southwestern part, especially in Great Britain, where the largest cultivar is located, the height of which reaches 45 m.

The seeds of this giant tree arrived in Russia five years later. Thus, the first sequoiadendrons were planted in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, and later they appeared on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and in Central Asia. Despite the fact that in artificial conditions These trees grow more slowly than in their homeland; they also reach quite impressive sizes.

CULTIVATION FEATURES, SOIL, PLANTING RULES
Since sequoiadendron is not widely used for landscape construction, the basic rules for caring for it have not been fully developed. Thus, if a gardener decides to purchase a sequoiadendron for landscaping his personal plot, he must follow general rules on breeding coniferous plants. It should also be noted that sequoiadendron prefers a humid, warm climate ( Maximum temperature in July it is 25-29°C).
Most groves that consist of sequoiadendrons grow on granitic residual and alluvial soils. giant tree prefers well-drained, moist sandy loams with a pH of 5.5 to 7.5. In general, with sufficient air and soil humidity, the plant is not very demanding on the mechanical composition of the soil.
To plant sequoiadendron, you should follow the basic rules for planting conifers. Planting holes should be prepared in advance. For heavy soils, drainage from gravel or broken brick with a layer of 20 cm is required. Before planting, it is recommended to prepare special soil - turf or leaf soil with the addition of sand or clay. When planting, the root collar should be at ground level. During the first two years after planting, mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil in an amount of 30-40 g/cm. If it's dry hot weather, the plants need to be watered, sprinkling twice a month.

REPRODUCTION
The main method of propagation is by seeds, but it can also be propagated by cuttings.
Seeds are sown in spring (April, May) either without prior preparation, or they are soaked in water for 1-2 days (soil germination rate 1-2%). By autumn, the seedlings have up to six shoots and reach a height of 8-10 cm, and in the second year of life they grow to 20-30 cm.

DISEASES AND PESTS
Sequoiadendron is very resistant to diseases and pests, but in the climate of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus it is affected by root rot, and in more northern regions grows very slowly and is damaged by frost.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN
Sequoiadendron is recommended for use in single and solitary plantings.

Sem. taxodiaceae
Sequoiadendron giganteum

Giant Sequoiadendron or mammoth tree- giant evergreen conifer tree gigantic in size, its huge hanging branches resembling the tusks of a mammoth. The tallest tree in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden.

Its homeland is the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada and warm California. And there, in my homeland, it’s huge evergreen tree reaches 80–100 m heights, since sequoiadendron is a very durable breed (can live up to 5 thousand years). In the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, the size of these giants is much more modest than in their homeland, but, nevertheless, the tallest tree in the Garden, reaching 38 meters in height, is the giant sequoiadendron, planted in the Upper Park in 1885. The trunk diameter of this mighty tree is about 2 meters.

This monumental tree has a regular, wide-pyramidal crown. Branching in young trees is very dense; in old trees the trunk is cleared of branches to a height of up to 50 m. The bark is red-brown, deep cracks, separated by plates. The needles are rough, hard, dark green With gray tint. The cones are small (5–8 cm), oblong-ovate. Ripen by the end of the 2nd year.

The breed is slow growing, especially in the first 10–15 years. Quite frost-resistant—tolerates short-term temperature drops down to 24–25°C. It loves loose, deep, fresh soils, but even here in Crimea it does well on calcareous soils.

The wood is soft and not as valuable as that of evergreen sequoia. However, it also does not burn in fire.

The dryness of the summer Crimean air “taught” the tree in especially hot years to partially shed its branches, trying to reduce the area of ​​​​moisture evaporation. Funnel-shaped depressions along the entire trunk are traces of such “undressing.”

Sequoiadendrons were discovered relatively recently, since the mountain slopes of the ridge were inaccessible and only in 1850 the English traveler Labb found the largest trees in the world. At first, these huge trees were called “California pines” or “mammoth trees”, and later they began to use the designation of the Indians: the word “sequoia” is simply the name of this tree in the Indian language, but the same name was given to one of the Indian leaders of the Iroquois tribe, the inventor of Indian writing .

In the Nikitsky Botanical Garden - since 1858.

The ancestors of mammoth trees lived on Earth 100 million years ago. Old specimens growing in protected groves of California are listed in the state registry by name: “ Thick tree", "Three Sisters", "Pioneer Hut", etc. In 1881, while laying a road in Yosemite Park, they were forced to make a tunnel in one of the sequoiadendron trees, through which buses could pass freely.

At the end of the last century, a lightning strike split the trunk of one tree at the base and it collapsed under its own weight. The weight of this trunk is more than 1000 tons. Stump diameter 23 m received the name "Father of the Forest". In 1910, a room was cut out inside the stump and a cozy restaurant was placed in it. Spiral staircase around the stump allows you to climb to the top of the head, where in the summer a quartet plays country tunes, 16 couples dance freely and there is enough space for 20 spectators around the perimeter.

When I. Ilf and E. Petrov, invited to America, visited Sequoia Park (occupies the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada), they wrote: “... we drove through an ancient dark forest, a fantastic forest, where the word “man” ceases to sound proudly, and only one word sounds proudly - “tree...”, I wanted to imagine that these trees grew peacefully when not only Columbus, but also Caesar, and Alexander the Great, and even the Egyptian king Tutankhamun were not in the world...”

Currently, in its homeland, California, there are no sequoiadendron trees older than 2 thousand years. But according to scientists’ forecasts, they can live up to 6–7 thousand years.

SEQUOIADENDRON GIANT(Sequoiadendron giganteum), also called the mammoth tree because of its gigantic size and the external resemblance of its huge hanging branches to the tusks of a mammoth, is undoubtedly the most famous representative.

Giant sequoiadendron occurs in separate small groves (about 30 of them) only on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada in California (at an altitude of 1500-2000 m). The giant sequoiadendron was described in 1853. After the discovery of the Mammoth tree by Europeans, its name changed several times.


The giant sequoiadendron captured the imagination of the inhabitants of the Old World, and it was given names greatest people. Thus, the famous English botanist D. Lindley, who first described this plant, calls it Wellingtonia in honor of the Englishman Duke of Wellington, hero of the Battle of Waterloo.

The Americans, in turn, proposed the name Washingtonia (or Washington sequoia), in honor of the first US President D. Washington. But since the names Washingtonia and Wellingtonia had already been previously assigned to other plants, in 1939 this genus received the name Sequoiadendron.

The giant sequoiadendron is an unusually majestic and monumental tree, reaching a height of 80-100 m, with a trunk up to 10 m in diameter, and is distinguished by its amazing longevity. The question of the maximum age of sequoiadendron still remains unresolved: they call it 3 and 4 thousand years.
Because of their durable, rot-resistant wood, sequoiadendrons in their homeland have been rapaciously exterminated since the time of the first explorers and gold seekers. The remaining trees to date, and there are only about 500 of them, have been declared protected.

The largest sequoiadendrons have their own names: “Father of Forests”, “General Sherman”, “General Grant” and others. The first of them, now no longer existing, reached, as is clear from its descriptions, a height of 135 m with a trunk diameter at the base of 12 m.


It is estimated that the Sequoiadendron, known as General Sherman, contains about 1500 m3 of wood, with a height of 83 m and a trunk diameter at the base of the tree of 11 m.

To transport it would require a train of 20-25 wagons. An orchestra and three dozen dancers can easily fit on the cut of another tree. Tunnels made in the lower parts of trunks are also known (for example, such a tunnel has existed in Yosemite Park since 1881). Cars pass through it freely.


Sequoiadendron is grown as an ornamental plant in many countries around the world. It is especially good at the age of 80-100 years with a dark green, regularly pyramidal crown starting from the ground and a translucent reddish trunk. With age, the correctness of the crown is disrupted, the trunk becomes bare and thickens, and the tree takes on a monumental appearance.


Having been brought to Europe back in 1853, sequoiadendron has taken root well in the parks and gardens of its southwestern part. Its seeds came to our country in 1858. The first trees were planted in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, then on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and in Central Asia.


And although they grow slower under these conditions than in their homeland, they nevertheless reach quite impressive sizes. Thus, seventy-year-old specimens grow to a height of 30 m or more (with a diameter of over 1 m). Unlike sequoia (“redwood”), Sequoiadendron is also called “Sierra redwood.”
(c) http://www.floranimal.ru/pages/flora/s/5581.html

Because of their durable, rot-resistant wood, sequoiadendrons in their homeland have been rapaciously exterminated since the time of the first explorers and gold seekers.


The remaining trees to date, and there are only about 500 of them, have been declared protected. The largest sequoiadendrons have their own names: “Father of Forests”, “General Sherman”, “General Grant” and others.

The first of them, now defunct, reached, as is clear from its descriptions, a height of 135 m with a trunk diameter at the base of 12 m. It is estimated that the Sequoiadendron, known as "General Sherman", contains about 1500 m3 of wood, with height 83 m and trunk diameter at the base of the tree equal to 11 m. To transport it would require a train of 20-25 cars.

John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt in the National Park

Sequoia- the second oldest national park in the United States. It was established on September 25, 1890 to protect the redwoods in the Giant Forest, including the General Sherman Tree, currently the largest tree in the world. Redwoods are also native to Mineral King Valley and Mt. Whitney - the most high mountains USA outside of Alaska.

A small portion of what is now Kings Canyon National Park was called General Grant National Park in 1890. In 1940, the park's boundaries expanded significantly to include the South Fork of the Kings River and more than 456,000 acres of wilderness.


The total size of the national park, including Sequoia Park, now reaches just under 900 thousand acres.

People appeared in the forests of giant seiquoias soon after the end civil war. The General Grant Tree was discovered in 1862 by Joseph Hardin Thomas, and its name was coined in 1867 by a certain Lucretia Baker.

Five years later, on March 1, 1872, Ulysses Simpson Grant, the eighteenth President of the United States, approved legislation establishing Yellowstone as the world's first national park. The grove of giant (mammoth) seiquois named after Grant, as well as Yosemite Park, were approved by the same law.

From the history of the park


Captain Charles Young, Military Chief, National Park Sequoia, 1903
by Wm. C. Tweed


The new military leader arrived in Sequoia National Park in the summer of 1903 and immediately encountered many difficulties. Born in Kentucky during the Civil War, Charles Young was black, which was not welcomed in those parts.


He was the first African American to graduate high school for whites in Ripley, Ohio, and took part in a serious competition, as a result of which he was able to enter the famous Military school at West Point in 1884.


He was courageous and strong man and became the third black person to be educated at this prestigious educational institution. The conditions of this training were so harsh that he later wrote that the most great challenge in his life.


In May 1903, National Park Sequoia was already thirteen years old, but he was still underdeveloped and difficult to reach. Since 1891, the management and development of the park was placed under the responsibility of the US Army, but due to lack of funding by Congress, almost nothing was done and much was stolen. The main thing is that there were no roads, the construction of which began only in 1900. But the work was carried out so slowly that in three years of work only 5 miles were laid.


Young immediately began to build new roads and widen old ones that even small wagons could not travel on. Soon the road ran to Moro Rock.
In 1904, Young was sent as a military attaché to Haiti. He later served in the same capacity in Liberia.
Young took part in the Expedition to Mexico in 1916. He died in 1923 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery with full honors.


Although Colonel Charles Young served in the Park for only one working season, his efforts were not forgotten. He is remembered for his energy, tenacity and dignity. Expensive ones, built under his leadership, improved only a little, still serve today.

Walter Fry: Famous Man
Malinee Crapsey
(This article first appeared in The Sequoia Bark magazine in the summer of 1994)


"When I first met Judge Frye, under his own grand old trees, I knew I had met a rare man..."


In 1888, Walter Fry first encountered giant sequoias as a lumberjack and was shocked. Having spent more than five days with a team of lumberjacks cutting down and felling a single tree, he counted the growth layers on the trunk of the fallen giant.

He had to count several days and the answer was surprising: 3266 rings, that is, 3266 years of life.

Two years later, local residents petitioned the US government to place the great seiquois under government protection. The third signature on the petition was that of Walter Frye.

President Grant

The Park Authority moved the Fry family over the course of several years from the San Joaquin Valley to Trois-Rivieres. Fry served as traffic controller, and in 1905 he became park ranger. By 1910, Fry had become chief of the Rangers, managing parks for military leadership.
In 1914, the Army finally relinquished control of the Park and Fpay was appointed its official civilian leader.

Mr. Fry's contribution to the development and improvement of the Park was so significant that in 1994 the Lodgepole Nature Center was named after him.

Giant Sequoia

In the world sequoias grow in natural conditions only on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, most often at elevations between 5,000 and 7,000 feet.


There are no more than 75 groves in total.
General Sherman's tree is between 2300 and 2700 years old. Its largest branch is almost seven feet in diameter.

Sequoias grow from seeds so small and light that they resemble oat flakes.

Take a closer look - there are tiny little people on the branches of the giant.

Translated independently from the page http://www.sequoia.national-park.com/info.htm#tree

Ten biggest giants:

Tree.................................... .......Location..... .........Height(ft) Circum(ft)
1. General Sherman.............Giant Forest........274.9........102.6
2. Washington .....................Giant Forest........254.7.......101.1
3. General Grant ....................Grant Grove ........268.1.......107.6
4. President ...........................Giant Forest .......240.9......... 93.0
5. Lincoln .....................Giant Forest .......255.8..... ....98.3
6. Stagg ...................................Alder Creek ........243.0. .......109.0
7. Genesis.........................Mountain Home..257.1......85.3
8. Boole..................................Conver se Basin..268.8....... .113.0
9. Ishi...................................Gi ant Kennedy.....248.1 .......105.1
10. Franklin.........................Giant Forest........223.8........ 94.8

From pre-park history:

To this day, there is debate among historians as to who was the first European to see Yosemite Valley. In the fall of 1833, Joseph Reddeford Walker may have been the first to see the valley - in his subsequent entries, he said that he led a group of hunters who crossed the Sierra Nevada and came close to the edge of the valley, which went down "more than a mile." His party was also the first to enter the Tuolomni Sequoiadendron grove, thus becoming the first non-natives to see these giant trees.

The part of the Sierra Nevada where the park is located for a long time was considered the border of settlements of Europeans, traders, hunters and travelers. However, this status changed in 1848 with the discovery of gold deposits at the foot of the mountains in the west. From this point on, trading activity in this territory increased sharply, resulting in the California Gold Rush. The newcomers began to destroy Natural resources, at the expense of which the Indian tribes lived.


The first reliably known white man to see the valley should be considered William P. Abrams, who on October 18, 1849 with his detachment carefully described some landmarks of the valley, but it is not known for sure whether he or anyone from his detachment entered the this land. However, there is no doubt that in 1850 Joseph Screech actually descended into the Hetch Hetchy Valley and, moreover, settled here.

The first systematic study of the park was carried out in 1855 by the team of Allexey W. Von Schmidt as part of the state program land survey "Public Land Survey System".

Mariposa Wars

Before the first Europeans appeared in this territory, the Sierra Miwok and Paiute Indian tribes lived here. By the time the first settlers arrived here, a group of Indians called themselves the Ahwahnechee lived in the Yosemite Valley.


As a result of the sharp increase in the flow of immigrants during the gold rush, armed conflicts began to arise with local tribes. To put an end to the constant skirmishes, in 1851, government troops were sent to the valley - the Mariposa Battalion under the command of Major James Savage with the aim of pursuing about 200 Avanichi Indians led by Chief Tenaya. In particular, the doctor Lafayette Bunnell was attached to the detachment, who later colorfully described his impressions of what he saw in the book “The Discovery of the Yosemite”. Bunnell is also credited with naming the valley after speaking with Chief Tenaya.


Bunnell wrote in his book that Chief Tenaya was the founder of the Pai-Ute colony of the Ah-wah-ne tribe. The neighboring Sierra Miwok Indians (like most of the white inhabitants who settled here) described the Avanichi Indians as warlike tribe, with whom they had constant territorial disputes, the name of this tribe "yohhe'meti" literally meant "they are killers." Correspondence and notes written by the battalion's soldiers helped popularize the valley and its surrounding area.

Tenaya and the remnants of Avanichi were captured and their settlement burned. The tribe was forcibly transferred to a reservation near Fresno, California. Some were subsequently allowed to return to the valley, but after eight miners were attacked in 1852, they fled to the neighboring Mono tribe, who broke their hospitality and killed them.
(c) Weinheim