Animal care for offspring research project. Types of care for offspring

Various representatives of the animal world surround their offspring with care, but they do it in different ways. Mammal babies often live with their mother for several years, but fish fry must be independent from birth.

Newborn needs

Newborn babies first of all need food. Quite interesting is the way of providing food to the larvae of Amophila sand wasps - they hunt locusts, which they paralyze with poison, then drag them into the nest and lay an egg in the still living prey. When the larva is born, it will be provided with food for a long time.

Female mammals feed their young with milk. Over the course of several weeks, birds must place food into the beaks of their ever-hungry chicks many times a day. Newborn babies also need warmth. Birds warm their chicks for several days until they are covered with down. However, the chicks of brood birds (pheasants, chickens, etc.) are born well developed and immediately leave the nest, accompanying their mother everywhere.

Ungulate cubs are born fully developed and capable of moving independently. Mothers conscientiously lick them and nudge them with their noses, encouraging them to get on their feet - otherwise the babies can become easy prey for predators. Cubs of marsupials are born at the embryonic stage; only their forelimbs and mouth are well developed. Their further development occurs in the mother’s pouch.

Sacrificial mothers

Mammals have a very strong bond between mother and young. However, not only mammals can treat their offspring tenderly. For example, a female Nile crocodile digs a hole in the sand on the shore, lays 30-70 eggs in it, covers them on top with rotten plants and within three months guards the masonry, carefully monitoring it day and night. The female crocodile moves away from the nest only to have a snack. Crocodiles that are about to hatch begin to make special creaking sounds. The mother, hearing these sounds, digs up the nest and helps the babies get to the surface. She then carefully carries the newborns into the water. At one time, she can carry up to six crocodiles in her toothy mouth. For some time, the female continues to take care of them and leaves them only when they can already take care of themselves. And yet, despite care, a very small number of crocodiles reach sexual maturity, since many predatory animals hunt the young. Interestingly, females are also noted to be highly sacrificial. giant octopuses. Postponing for seabed With an average of 50,000 eggs, they guard their offspring for six months by providing them with a constant supply of oxygen-rich water.

Caring parents

In many species, raising offspring is a purely male endeavor. The female South American Darwin's rhinoderma frog lays 20-40 eggs on the ground, leaving them in the care of the male, who stores them in his mouth. The tadpoles, hatched from the eggs, live in the male's mouth until they reach a centimeter in length and their tails begin to shorten. Then the father releases the tadpoles into the water, where the cubs further develop.

The male stickleback builds a nest of plants at the bottom and invites the female to it so that she can lay eggs there. The male then fertilizes the eggs and protects them, using his fins to create a constant flow of water. He also takes care of the fry until they grow up and fly away in different directions.

Other inhabitants of the aquatic expanses, male seahorses, play the role of father even more exemplarily. They have a special cavity on their belly, into which the female lays about fifty eggs. The male fertilizes them and carries them in a pouch until the eggs hatch into fry. The embryos in the bag are fed with a special nutrient liquid. Newborn seahorse fry leave their parent's pouch and immediately swim off to sea.

Protected by the whole family

Some mammals form herds and family clans. Cubs who grow up in such groups acquire useful skills and learn faster different types behavior than those raised only by their mother.

African elephants give birth to cubs every four years. Elephant calves feed on their mother's milk for more than two years and live with their mother for about 12 years. You can see several cubs of a mother elephant of different ages. The elephant, who came to the defense of her offspring, is very aggressive; she attacks the enemy, hitting him not only with her tusks, but also with her trunk.

Those species of monkeys that live in herds have “nurseries” in which females care for their young together. Zoologists also call females who care for other people’s children “aunts.” In addition, it is known that most cubs in a herd of monkeys have a common father.

Meerkat cubs survive in difficult conditions of the Kalahari Desert thanks to a streamlined lifestyle big family. While some animals from the colony stand guard, others are engaged in raising their offspring.

Meeting the enemy

In birds that nest in colonies, the survival rate of offspring is high, since enemies do not dare to attack a large flock. Seagulls are quite capable of coping with large predators and even with a person.

Collared peccaries live in large herds consisting of individual families. A peccary family usually consists of one male and three females with cubs. When an enemy, such as a jaguar, approaches, the males distract him, and the rest of the family takes flight.

When cheetahs sense that their cubs are in danger, they carry them, one by one, to safety, holding them firmly but gently by the scruff of the neck. The cubs do not resist and patiently endure this “moving.” The female hamster carries her cubs in the cheek pouches or in the enlarged space between the teeth.

Many birds try to distract the enemy from the nest by pretending to be wounded. They sacrifice themselves for the sake of the chicks. A pair of waders take turns guarding the nest - both father and mother pretend to be wounded.

Zoology: Caring for offspring. Video (00:02:41)

Zoology: Surinamese pipa - caring for offspring. Video (00:01:01)

Caring for offspring. Pisces.AVI. Video (00:00:38)

A cheetah's care for its offspring. Video (00:01:54)

Self-sacrifice and caring of animals contradicts the postulates of the theory of evolution.

Konstantin Mikhailov “Dinosaurs on nests: eggs, clutches and care for the offspring of dinosaurs.” Video (01:05:14)

Caring for offspring. Video (00:25:57)

Biological lecture hall of the Small Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University.
Andrey Nikolaevich Kvashenko, biology teacher at gymnasium 1543, Moscow.

Caring for offspring. Birds.AVI. Video (00:00:50)

Caring for offspring is a basic instinct. Video (00:01:23)

Caring for offspring is the basic instinct of most fauna. Some of them (swans, geese, certain species of primates) are monogamous and remain a couple for life, but even with polygamy, when, for example, a lion or elephant creates a harem around themselves, the relationships between individuals are sometimes touchingly reminiscent of human ones.
True, analogues of a “complete” family are rare in nature: after the birth of offspring, the male, as a rule, loses interest in his companion and she herself has to be responsible for the safety of the cubs. It is she who obtains food for them, ensures their safety and prepares them for adult life.
The period of maternal care has different durations depending on the type. For example, rodents leave their cubs after just a couple of months, and young tigers live with their mother for two to three years, until she is ready to give birth to new offspring.

We are all accustomed to seeing a mother with a stroller, or with a child in her arms. In each country, children are carried differently: in the hands, in a special backpack - a “kangaroo”, in a cradle, simply in a cloth over the shoulders, or on the chest - a “sling”, on the shoulders (typical for the father). How do animals carry their babies? wildlife?
After birth, animals necessarily have a certain need to transfer their still completely helpless offspring somewhere. Monkeys, for example, have a fairly developed grasping reflex, so from birth they cling to their mother’s fur with their hands, hanging securely. At the same time, the mother can calmly climb and even jump on trees without causing trouble for the baby. During this time, kids manage to learn all the intricacies of getting food, getting rid of enemies, learning social laws life. Opossums are even more superior to monkeys; they have not one, but several cubs that cling to the mother from all sides, holding on to the fur, and she does not lose anyone.
About Australian kangaroos Everyone knows that they are carried in a special pouch, where the miniature baby, the size of a large bean, grows to normal size. At first the baby hangs on the nipple, sucking tightly, over time it begins to look like it is out of the bag, and only later jumps out. That is, kangaroo pups up to two years old can be in the mother’s “pocket”, and there are cases when the pouch can contain 1-2 summer child and a newly born baby hanging on the nipple.
Little hippos calmly “ride” in the water on their mother’s back. Elephants, although quite rarely, lift their children on their tusks and carry them to another place.
Mice and shrews save their numerous offspring by placing them in the form of a “train”: one baby grabs the mother’s fur above the tail with its teeth, the second takes the third, the next, and so on until the last. This way the whole family moves together. Rats are even better adapted to changes in their location: if the pups are more or less mature, they walk one after another, holding their tails, but if the children are very tiny, they transport them on their tail, stringing them together like beads.
Crocodiles, having waited for the hatching of their offspring, who call out from the sand, help them get out, tear up the sand and carry them into the water in their terrible mouth, practically between their teeth. And not a single child suffers from this. Some amphibians can also carry eggs, tadpoles and small frogs on their backs.
Interesting stories Naturalists report about turtles: the offspring of crocodiles and turtles are hatched in the same conditions, their eggs are laid in the sand and the babies hatch in the same way. Therefore, crocodiles can carry turtles along with their babies, while suppressing their cruelty and aggression, that is, in this situation, the maternal instinct dominates.
Transportation in the teeth is the most common method in many animals. Watching the animals, you can clearly see that they take the babies precisely by the withers, which is quite vulnerable spot. Parents can tightly squeeze the skin with their teeth, but never cause any harm, injury or mutilation. If you look closely at your pets - cats and dogs - you can often see this. Cats are generally excellent mothers. They feed their kittens long enough breast milk until the baby grows up and is able to eat more adult food on his own. In order for the kitten to receive enough vitamins and energy, it is necessary to choose high-quality food. The best option Royal Canin food for cats, and your kitten will always be energetic, cheerful and healthy.
The witch mother does not spoil her baby with carrying, more often the cub runs after the adults, rolls over in a ball, overcoming obstacles, but when real danger or obstacle threatens, the mother takes it in her teeth and carries it to a safe place. There are cases that even a hedgehog in its teeth carries babies to a dry place if their hole is flooded with water.
Wolves, sensing danger, quickly, with feverish speed, carry their puppies in their teeth to an emergency hole. But during the course of evolution, a different idea about wolves developed: hunters report that a she-wolf will not even give a voice, and not that she will rush at people who take her wolf cubs into a bag. They are too afraid of humans.
Hoofed animals travel long distances with children, holding them between their bodies, feeling their sides next to them. Moose become too aggressive when people approach them while the baby is still nearby on rather thin, unstable legs. In elephants, although they look large, children are completely useless; even their personal trunk gets in the way, so it’s safer to be at the mother’s side. Often the baby hides under the belly of adult elephants, and they support them with their strong trunks if necessary.
They write about the interesting relatives of our pigs - warthogs - that they instill in their babies the ability to wriggle out even from birth: having large fangs, in a cramped hole the mother never worries about not injuring the children with them, they themselves must be able to dodge danger, therefore the one who survived will be able to live on. According to statistics, in the wild the mortality rate of offspring is quite high. But, having learned the wisdom of survival from childhood, the animal has a chance to live as long as it is given.
Some birds can carry not only chicks, but also eggs in their beaks. Some are carried under the wings. Waterfowl “ride” the babies on their backs, since immediately after hatching they are ready for life: they dry off and set off. It’s a strange sight to see how the ducklings run after the duck right through the water, although they have very little strength. But when fatigue sets in, they climb onto their backs and hide in their mother’s feathers. The same can be observed in swans. On their mother's back they not only rest and warm themselves, but also feel safe. Not every predator wants to get to birds swimming in the middle of a pond with chicks on their backs. On land, swans can also fight back; the blows of their wings are quite strong and can even kill a fox.
Incredibly, some birds carry their babies in their paws. For example, the wood sandpiper does this in this way. In case of danger, he grabs the chicks in his paws and flies away from it, even making zigzag movements in flight. And black grouse and wood grouse use the necessary signal to force the chicks to hide or move unnoticed towards the mother.
Scientists believe that a chick that has fallen out of the nest is of little concern to its parents. Heron watching is proof. When a heron chick, staggering in a nest above the water, suddenly falls, the mother does not pick it up, although having a long beak this is quite easy to do, apparently they believe that “what falls, is lost.” But ornithologists think differently: this natural selection If there is no tenacity, then it is not entirely viable.
Unlike herons, almost all birds and other animals, risking their lives, try to save their offspring at any cost: they distract them from predators, make several nests, one of which is false, pretend to be sick and wounded, grab them in the mouth, make a terrible noise and uproar. . After all, caring for offspring is one of the main concerns in life.
Of course, for some groups of organisms, care for offspring does not exist. Firstly, in fish, since the amount of reproductive material in them is quite large, and their genus has flourished for millions of years. Although some of them have guardianship:
- in salmon, which lays eggs in favorable conditions, migrating to spawning sites over considerable distances, after which it dies, fertilizing the environment for the fry;
- the stickleback fish lays few eggs, about 50-70, making a plant nest at the bottom of the reservoir, and after the babies appear, it protects it from enemies;
- The seahorse hides its young in a pouch on its belly.
So, in the multifaceted animal world, a mother is ready to take risks and sacrifice her life for the sake of her offspring. This is the most important law of nature.

Meeting 44. HOW DO ANIMALS CARE FOR THEIR OFFERING?

Target: tell students about the reproduction of animals and caring for offspring; promote speech development, logical thinking; cultivate a love for animals.

During the classes

I. ORGANIZATIONAL MOMENT

II. UPDATING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

What are the characteristics of animals compared to other animals?

What group of animals do people belong to?

Are the forms of movement characteristic of land and water animals?

What significance does the forest have in the lives of animals?

Prove that animals are the most developed among animals.

III. MESSAGE OF THE TOPICS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON

Today in the lesson you will learn more about the reproduction of animals and caring for offspring.

IV. LEARNING NEW MATERIAL

1. Work from the textbook (p. 117-118)

Remember! How have animals adapted to life in different natural conditions?

What did the Wise Forester tell about the reproduction of animals?

What periods in the life of animals can be distinguished during the year?

What are the most important ones?

Tell us how animals prepare shelters for their future babies.

Is the sign common to all animals?

Look at our photos. 117 and 118. Tell us what is shown on them.

Animals give birth to children and feed them with milk. Remember how your cat or dog takes care of their young, how they protect their offspring. Many animals have young long time stays with parents, adopts their experience. Thanks to this, the cubs learn to survive in nature.

conclusions

The animals feed their babies with milk and take care of their offspring. This makes them significantly different from other animals.

The most important period in the life of animals is the period of reproduction and caring for offspring.

2. Physical education minute

V. GENERALIZATION AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE

1. Interesting to know!

How do animals communicate with each other? Animals use various signals to communicate. They make sounds that warn of danger. For example, when a monkey sees a leopard sneaking up on the pack, it begins to scream, and the other monkeys run away from danger.

Animals give an alarm signal using colored spots. When a deer senses danger, it becomes alert and raises its tail. Under its tail it has a large bright white spot - a “mirror”. The rest of the deer immediately notice her and prepare to meet the enemy.

2. Research workshop

How do animals take care of their offspring?

Most animal parents worry about their offspring. For example, some birds' chicks are born naked and helpless. They grow quickly and therefore need a lot of food. It's not easy for parent birds. Starlings, for example, bring food (insects) to their chicks 300 times a day, tits - 400 times. The chicks subsequently leave the nest. Although they are already covered with feathers, they still fly poorly. They cannot feed themselves. All this time, parents feed their chicks and protect them from enemies, even trying to drive cats or dogs away from the chicks.

Animals take care of their offspring in different ways: they lick them, protect them, teach them to walk, fly or swim, defend themselves, feed them milk, and then show them edible plants, teach to hunt. Usually the mother takes care of the children, but there are exceptions. Animals select a territory in advance, carefully guard and prepare shelters for future offspring - nests, burrows, dens.

Newborn babies first of all need food. Female mammals feed their young with milk. Over the course of several weeks, birds must put food into the beaks of the ever-hungry chicks many times a day.

Newborn babies also need warmth. Birds warm their chicks for several days until they are covered with down. However, the chicks of brood birds (pheasants, chickens, etc.) are born well developed and immediately leave the nest, following their mother everywhere.

Ungulate cubs are born fully developed and capable of moving independently. Mothers carefully lick them and nudge them with their noses, encouraging them to rise to their feet - otherwise the babies can become easy prey for predators.

Baby marsupials are born when only their forelimbs and mouth are well developed. Further development occurs in the mother's pouch.

Predators usually live together for several months, during which time they teach their kids everything they need for life: hunting, pursuit, camouflage, attack, cutting up a caught carcass, etc.

The king penguins take turns caring for the baby. The female lays one egg and passes it to the male, who incubates it. The female stores food at this time. The mother returns when the baby is hatched, and the father goes off to eat. The baby is taught to store fat, swim, roll on his tummy and walk using his tail.

The cubs live with their mother for 2-3 years, along with older cubs.

Elephants and some species of monkeys live with their young for about 8-10 years. Almost all adult members of the group take part in raising the offspring: older brothers, sisters, females without children of their own. They look after the babies, feed them, look after them, and play with them.

VI. SUMMARIZING. REFLECTION

Write a story about the life of an animal of your choice, whose life you have the opportunity to observe yourself.

Project “Establishing our planet”

- Think: How can we protect animals on our planet?

VII. HOMEWORK

Material from Uncyclopedia

In order for a species to continue to exist, each generation must leave behind offspring capable of reproduction. Most invertebrates and fish do not care for their offspring. They simply lay out thousands of eggs, only some of them produce young, and an even smaller number grow and reproduce. A more reliable way to continue the race is to provide them with food, protect them from predators, and even teach them some skills after the birth of a limited number of cubs. Care for the offspring is shown in different forms many animals. Most of them are endowed with special parental instincts, but in highly organized animals important also has individually acquired experience.

In its simplest form, care for the offspring is present in all organisms and is expressed in the fact that reproduction occurs only in conditions favorable for the offspring - in the presence of food, suitable temperature, etc.

Caring for the offspring of many animals begins with preparation for their birth. Often seasonal migrations of animals are associated with movement to breeding grounds, sometimes many thousands of kilometers from their habitats. Animals that do not make such long journeys also choose their nesting territory in advance, and many of them carefully guard it and prepare shelters - nests, burrows, dens, adapted for future offspring.

A lot of parental worries are associated with feeding their offspring.

For most insects, caring for their offspring is simple. It is enough for the female to lay her eggs in a place where her larvae would find suitable food, for example butterfly larvae cabbage whites- cabbage. But some insects specially prepare shelter and food for their offspring, for example, honey collectors - wasps and bees. And hunting wasps provide their larvae with crickets and grasshoppers. Before laying an egg, the sphex wasp injects poison into the nerve ganglia of its victim, so that it remains motionless but alive and serves as a supply of fresh food for the larva during the entire period of its development. In dung beetles, not only females, but also males participate in the preparation of food for their offspring - dung balls.

In many birds, the chicks hatch completely helpless and need frequent and regular feeding; some insectivorous birds feed their offspring up to 200 times a day! Sometimes parents (jays, nutcrackers, etc.) store food for future chicks in the fall. The offspring of brood birds - chickens, ducks, geese, etc. - are born independent, able to swim, walk, and peck. Parents can only take them to food, water, protect them from enemies, and warm them (see Imprinting).

Female mammals feed their young with milk until they are able to eat other foods. In some animals this period lasts several weeks, in others it lasts longer, and in apes it lasts several years. Gradually, parents begin to accustom their children to adult food - they show them edible plants and teach them to hunt.

Many animals protect their offspring from enemies. In birds, colonial nesting serves this purpose, but solitary nesting birds can also unite to drive away predators from their nests. For example, if a cat or even a person tries to climb a tree where there is a crow’s nest, 10-15 birds flock to him and attack the troublemaker with screams.

Most mammals are more excitable than usual when raising their young. Many large wild mammals attack people precisely when they threaten their cubs or are close to them. The moose does not allow anyone, including other moose, to see the cub.

In many mammals and birds, the young stay with their parents for a long time, acquiring the skills necessary for life through imitation. This is the period of raising offspring. Parents teach their cubs to choose and find food, water and even medicinal plants, as well as shelter for sleeping or in case of bad weather. These forms of parental care are especially developed in mammals with a long life span. In elephants and some apes, adolescence lasts up to 8-10 years. Not only parents, but also almost all adult members of the group take part in raising their offspring. Older brothers, and especially sisters, or simply females who do not have this moment their own offspring, look after the cub, help feed it, look after it, play with it. If the mother dies, they usually adopt the orphaned cub. This collective form of caring for offspring significantly increases the chances of their survival.

The highest development of caring for offspring is in humans. He not only takes care of the children’s livelihoods, but also educates them, passes on to them his life experience and knowledge accumulated in history.

CARE OF THE OFFENDER CARE OF THE OFFENDER

actions of animals that provide Better conditions survival and development of offspring. Sometimes 3. about the item is limited to the creation of shelter and the preparation of food (preventive 3. about the item); Thus, some wasps lay eggs on insects paralyzed by them, which serve as food for the larvae. More perfect form 3. o p. - passive and active care of the cubs. In the first case, adults carry eggs or young animals with them in a special container. depressions on the skin, in folds, bags, sometimes young animals feed on the secretions of the mother; this form is found in the department. species of echinoderms, crustaceans, mollusks, scorpions, spiders, fish ( sea ​​Horse, pipefish), amphibians (midwife toad, pipa), lower mammals (echidnas, marsupials). With active care, adults provide shelter, feed, warm, protect the cubs, and clean their bodies. In addition, plural birds and mammals teach their offspring to find food, recognize enemies, etc. In many others. of bird species, the mother tries to divert the attention of an enemy threatening the chicks or clutch; a herd of ungulates forms a ring around the young animals, protecting them from attacks by predators. In external views. fertilization 3. o p. is often carried out by the male (in some amphibians and fish), in species with internal. fertilization - by both parents or only the female, rarely by one male (see POLYANDRY). The development of 3. o p. in the process of evolution increases the survival rate of offspring and makes excessive fertility unnecessary. At the same time, increasing 3. about n. entails a growing contradiction between the needs of the parent individual and its offspring. The resolution of this contradiction of natures. V. A. Wagner expressed selection in the direction of the greatest progress of the species with the formula; “Minimum sacrifices of the mother - maximum demands of the offspring.

.(Source: “Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary.” Editor-in-chief M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial Board: A. A. Babaev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - 2nd ed., corrected - M.: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986.)

Animal behavior that ensures the survival and development of offspring. Passive forms of care for offspring are found in insects, for example. in scarab beetles, which lay eggs in a ball of dung rolled up, which serves as food for their hatched larva, as well as in ichneumon wasps and some wasps, which lay eggs on the paralyzed larvae of other insects, which will serve as food for their own larvae. Social insects (bees, some wasps, ants) take more active care of their offspring, creating shelters, feeding and caring for their offspring.
Among the fish there are those that carry eggs and young in their mouths (representatives of perciformes - cichlids) or in special brood pouches (seahorses, pipefish). South American marsupial tree frogs and dart frogs, midwife toads, carry their tadpoles on their backs until the end of metamorphosis. The most complex forms of care for offspring are shown by birds and mammals. They not only feed, care for and protect their cubs, but also teach them to find food and recognize enemies.

.(Source: “Biology. Modern illustrated encyclopedia.” Chief editor A. P. Gorkin; M.: Rosman, 2006.)

See what “CARE OF THE OFFENDER” is in other dictionaries:

A complex (mostly genetically determined, but no less valuable) of vitally important actions of animals, consisting of feeding, caring for and protecting the young by a female (less often a male), a mating pair or a group of related individuals and... Ecological dictionary

care- s; and. 1) a) about whom and what. A restless thought about something; concentration of thoughts on doing something, on satisfying something. needs. Live without worries. Who has a lot of worries? Caring about the future, about the harvest. Caring for food, for offspring, for... ... Dictionary of many expressions

Y; and. 1. about whom what. A restless thought about something; concentration of thoughts on doing something, on satisfying something. needs. Live without worries. Who has a lot of worries? Z. about the future, about the harvest. Z. about food, about offspring, about children, about ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Maternal behavior- care for offspring; many biological species characteristic mainly of females, and for certain periods. For a person, the term parental behavior is more adequate, since both fathers and mothers equally and throughout... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy

Collection of trails ... Wikipedia

Birds are a class of vertebrate animals, the representatives of which are well characterized by the fact that their body is covered with feathers and the forelimbs are modified into flight organs - wings. With rare exceptions, birds are flying animals, and those species... ... Biological encyclopedia

Pisces ... Wikipedia

Tailless ... Wikipedia

- (maternal instinct) a collective name for norms of behavior characterized by the desire of an individual to protect a weaker individual (individuals) from harmful influences environment through tender care and attention. It is observed in both people and others... ... Wikipedia

Weed chickens are unique birds, sharply different not only from other chickens, but also from all other birds in the nature of their reproduction. They do not build nests (in the generally accepted sense), do not incubate eggs and do not feed chicks. Nevertheless … Biological encyclopedia

Books

• Almost everything about snakes, Nikolai Nikolaevich Drozdov. Snakes are the pinnacle of reptile evolution! Really? Legless, earless, voiceless! And yet - all the continents (well, except Antarctica) are populated, and in hot countries they are simply numerous! And what... audiobook
• Life of insects. (Caring for offspring. Builder insects), P. I. Marikovsky. The book by Professor P.I. Marikovsky, a famous entomologist and naturalist writer, like previous publications, is dedicated to insects. This is a fascinating story about how six-legged...