What animals live in hot countries. Giant arapaima fish

In countries with a hot climate, the animal world is much richer and more diverse than in other parts of the planet (unless these territories belong to areas of hot tropical deserts).

Favorable natural conditions in warm countries

In countries with a warm climate, there are such advantages associated with weather conditions like the absence of cold seasons, constancy flora(almost all plants are non-deciduous), rather high humidity. All this together creates ideal conditions for living organisms. So, animals have a food base in the form of plants. all year round, may not hibernate and have no reason to migrate (as, for example, birds living in countries with cold seasons). For this reason, the most a large number of species lives in those states that are in the zone equatorial forests. This is for example:

• Brazil.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• Republic of the Congo.
• Colombia.
• Papua New Guinea.
• Australia.

Species diversity in countries with a hot climate

If in countries with a cold climate the main part of living organisms are mammals and birds (that is, warm-blooded animals), then in hot states there are also a large number of amphibians and reptiles. Also in the south you can find animal species such as primates and other herbivores that live in trees and feed on fruits and fresh leaves. For comparison, we can say that herbivores in northern countries- These are mainly terrestrial herbivores (for example, deer or rodents).

The warm climate is home to a huge number of birds and insects. They are distinguished by their multi-colored color and large sizes. However, many of the insects are poisonous and pose a danger to human life.

Of the hot countries, some (especially island ones) are home to a huge number of endemics. This is, for example, Madagascar or Papua New Guinea, where more than half of the species are endemic. So, in Madagascar there are lemurs, fosses (relic animals from the viver family), etc.

The main area of ​​the vast territory of the mainland South America extends in the equatorial - tropical latitudes, therefore, does not feel a lack of sunlight, although the climate of this part of the world is not at all as hot as African.

This is the most wet mainland on the planet, and there are many natural causes for this. The pressure difference between warm land and the ocean environment, currents off the coast of the mainland; the Andes mountain range, stretching across a huge part of its territory, blocking the path of westerly winds and contributing to increased humidity and a significant amount of precipitation.

The climate of South America is extremely diverse, because this continent stretches across six climatic zones: from subequatorial to moderate. Along with areas of fertile nature, there are areas known for mild winters and cool summers, but famous for frequent rains and winds.

In the center of the mainland, precipitation is much less. And the highlands are distinguished by clean, dry air, but a harsh climate, where the bulk of the heavenly moisture falls, even in summer months, in the form of snow, and the weather is capricious, constantly changing during the day.

A person does not survive well in such places. Naturally, the vicissitudes of the weather affect other organisms that live there.

It is not surprising that with the data natural features, the world of fauna is incredibly diverse and rich. List of animals of South America is very extensive and impresses with its individual bright features of organic life that has taken root in this territory. It includes many beautiful and rare species creatures that amaze with their fantastic originality.

What animals are in South America live? Most have adapted well to living in harsh conditions, because some of them have to endure the discomfort of tropical showers and survive in the highlands, get used to the peculiarities of shrouds and subequatorial forests.

The fauna of this continent is amazing. Here are just some of its representatives, the diversity of which can be seen on photos of South American animals.

Sloths

interesting mammals- the inhabitants of the forests are known to the whole world as very slow creatures. Peculiar animals are closely related to armadillos and anteaters, but outwardly they have little resemblance to them.

The number of sloth species included in the number animals endemic to South America, only about five. They unite in two families: two-toed and three-toed sloths, quite similar to each other. They are half a meter tall and weigh about 5 kg.

Remind external features the appearance of an awkward monkey, and their thick shaggy hair looks like a haystack. It's curious that internal organs These animals differ in structure from other mammals. They lack hearing and vision acuity, teeth are underdeveloped, and the brain is rather primitive.

Pictured is an animal sloth

armadillos

Animal world South America would be greatly impoverished without mammals. These are the most unusual animals of the edentulous - a detachment to which sloths are also ranked.

The animals are dressed by nature in something similar to chain mail, as if chained in armor, girded with hoops consisting of bone plates. They have teeth, but small size.

Their eyesight is not well developed, but their sense of smell and hearing are quite sharp. When feeding, such animals capture food with a sticky tongue, and are able to dig into loose earth in the blink of an eye.

Pictured is an armadillo

Ant-eater

Scroll animal names of south america would not be complete without such an amazing creation as . This is an ancient outlandish mammal that existed in the early Miocene.

These representatives of the fauna inhabit the territories of shrouds and moist forests also live in swampy areas. They are divided by scientists into three genera, differing in weight and size.

Representatives of the genus of giants have a mass of up to 40 kg. They, as well as members of the genus of large anteaters, spend their lives on the ground and cannot climb trees. Unlike relatives, pygmy anteaters, masterfully moving along trunks and branches with the help of clawed paws and a tenacious tail.

Anteaters do not have teeth, and they spend their lives in search of termite mounds and anthills, absorbing their inhabitants with a sticky tongue, sticking their long nose into the dwelling of insects. Anteater is able to eat several tens of thousands of termites per day.

Pictured is an anteater animal

Jaguar

Among animal forests of south america, dangerous predator killing one jump is . It is in his dexterous, lightning-fast ability to kill his victims that the meaning of the name of this beast, translated from the language of the indigenous inhabitants of the continent, lies.

The predator is also found in shrouds and belongs to the genus Panther, reaches a weight of just under 100 kg, has a spotted color, like a leopard, and has a long tail.

Such animals live in the north and in the central part of America, but are found in Argentina and Brazil. And in El Salvador and Uruguay some time ago they were completely exterminated.

Pictured is a jaguar

Mirikin monkey

American monkeys are endemic, and differ from relatives living on other continents by a wide partition separating the nostrils of these animals, for which they are called broad-nosed by many zoologists.

Mirikina, otherwise called durukuli, belongs to this type of creatures inhabiting mountain forests. These creatures, having a height of about 30 cm, are notable for the fact that, unlike others, they lead owl image life: they hunt at night, seeing perfectly and navigating in the dark, and sleep during the day.

They jump like acrobats, they eat small birds, insects, frogs, fruits and drink nectar. They know how to make a huge number of interesting sounds: they bark like a dog, meow; roar like jaguars; chirping and chirping like birds, filling the darkness of the night with diabolical concerts.

Mirikin monkey

titi monkey

It is not known exactly how many species of such monkeys exist in South America, since they have taken root in impenetrable forests, whose wilds cannot be fully explored.

Titi resemble mirikin in appearance, but have long claws. During the hunt, they guard their prey on the bough of a tree, picking up their arms and legs together, lowering their long tail down. But at the right moment, in the blink of an eye, they deftly grab their victims, whether it is a bird flying in the air or running along the ground, creature.

Pictured is a titi monkey

saki

These monkeys live in the forests of the interior regions of the continent. They spend their lives on the tops of trees, especially in areas of the Amazon, flooded with water on for a long time because they cannot tolerate dampness.

They jump on the branches very dexterously and far, and walk on the ground on their hind legs, helping themselves to maintain balance with their front legs. Zookeepers, watching these, noticed their habit of rubbing their own wool with pieces of lemon. And they drink, licking water from their hands.

white-faced saki

wakari monkey

Close relatives of the saki, living in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, are known for the shortest tail among the monkeys of the continent. These peculiar creatures, classified as endangered species and rare animals of south america, have red faces and a bald forehead, and with their lost and sad expression, they look like an aged, confused person in life.

However, appearances are deceiving, because the nature of these creatures is cheerful and cheerful. But when they get nervous, they smack their lips noisily and shake with all their might the bough they are on.

uakari monkey

Howler

South American harpy bird

Titicaca whistler frog

Otherwise, this creature is called the scrotum because of the flabbiness of its skin, hanging in folds. She uses her bizarre skin for breathing, as her lungs are small in volume.

This is the largest frog in the world, found in the waters of the Andes and on Lake Titicaca. Individual specimens grow up to half a meter and weigh about a kilogram. The color of the back of such creatures is dark brown or olive, often with light spots, the belly is lighter, creamy gray.

Titicaca whistler frog

American manatee

A large mammal that inhabits the shallow waters of the Atlantic coast. Able to live also in fresh water. Average length is three or more meters, the weight in some cases reaches 600 kg.

These creatures are painted in a rough gray color, and their forelimbs resemble flippers. They feed plant food. They have poor eyesight, and communicate by touching their muzzles.

American manatee

Amazonian inia dolphin

The largest of. His body weight can be estimated at 200 kg. These creatures are painted in dark tones, and sometimes have a reddish skin tone.

They have small eyes and a curved beak covered with tin bristles. Live in captivity no more three years and are difficult to train. They have poor eyesight, but a developed system of echolocation.

river dolphin inia

piranha fish

This aquatic creature, famous for its lightning-fast attacks, has received the title of the most voracious fish of the continent. Having a height of no more than 30 cm, she ruthlessly and brazenly attacks animals and does not disdain to eat carrion.

The shape of the body has the form of a rhombus, compressed from the sides. Usually the color is silver-gray. There are also herbivorous species of these fish that feed on vegetation, seeds and nuts.

Pictured is a piranha fish

Giant arapaima fish

According to scientists, the appearance of this ancient fish, a living fossil, remained unchanged for millions of centuries. Individual individuals, as the locals of the continent assure, reach four meters in length, and their weight is estimated at 200 kg. True, ordinary specimens are more modest in size, but it is a valuable commercial one.

Giant arapaima fish

electric eel

most dangerous big fish, having a mass of up to 40 kg, found in the shallow rivers of the continent and having enough human victims on its account.

Capable of emitting an electric charge of high power, but is powered by only small fish. It has an elongated body and smooth, scaly skin. The color of the fish is orange or brown.

Electric eel fish

Agrias claudina butterfly

most beautiful rainforest with a span, saturated with colors, bright wings of 8 cm. The shape and combination of shades depends on the subspecies of the described insects, of which there are about ten. It is not easy to see a butterfly, as they are rare. Even harder to capture such beauty.

Agrias claudina butterfly

Butterfly nymphalida

With wide wings of medium size, bright and variegated colors. The lower part usually merges with environment against the background of dry leaves. These insects actively pollinate flowering plants. Their caterpillars feed on grasses and leaves.

Butterfly nymphalida

The fauna of our planet, despite all the efforts of man, is still very rich. Many species of animals live at all latitudes, from North Pole and ending with Antarctica. And in hot climates, they are especially numerous. Take Africa and its Big Five. So called the five inhabitants of this continent: buffalo, rhinoceros, leopard, elephant and, of course, the lion. In our temperate climate these animals of hot countries are found only in zoos. And Africa is their home for them and you can meet them there in conditions wildlife.

Everyone knows the "king of beasts" lion. Previously, these predators roamed the expanses of Eurasia, North America and throughout Africa. But people exterminated many representatives of this "royal" species. And in our time, these animals of hot countries are found only south of the Sahara desert and in India, where only a small population of these predators has survived.

The lion, unlike other cats, has pronounced sexual characteristics. The male is distinguished from the female by the presence of a large mane. And the saying that a cat walks by itself does not apply to these representatives of the cat world. These animals of hot countries live in prides, that is, peculiar social groups. At the head of the pride is the largest male. As the head of the clan, he is only concerned with protecting his territory and, of course, extending the clan. This group also includes several females and young offspring.

And on the "shoulders" of the females lie the difficult duties of obtaining food and educating the younger generation. The gestation period of a lioness lasts between 100-108 days. And each of them can bring 2-3 kittens. It happens, but rarely, that a lioness brings four or even five cubs. Immediately after lambing, she feeds the babies away from the pride, in some secluded place. But the lioness does not stop communicating with her group. Then, when the kittens get stronger, she brings them to the pride. And due to the fact that the cubs smell the same as their mother, they are freely accepted into the group.

Growing up, young males begin to "look closely" at the leader of the pride. Each of them wants to take this place. And when the young male is strong enough, he challenges the leader. There is a struggle for the "throne" and the winner takes everything, and the loser leaves the pride.

These wild animals of hot countries feed on hoofed inhabitants of African expanses. These are antelopes, zebras and gazelles. If there is a chance, then the lion can drag away the pet. Also, these predators can cope with young hippos, rhinos and even elephants. Lions have a very good appetite. For a sitting, he can overcome up to 30 kg of meat, and then sleep for almost a day. But the average daily diet of this predator is about 5 kg of meat.

There are also other animals of hot countries, which are quite noticeable on African continent. These are the largest animals living on the surface of the earth - elephants. The weight of the females of these herbivores is within 2.8 tons. Males weigh about five tons. But there are record holders among them. The weight of the largest was 12.2 tons.

But not only by weight you can distinguish a female elephant from a male. The size of their tusks also differ significantly. In some males, they can reach four meters in length. And this is the curse of the whole “elephant family”. Some poachers find ivory hunting a lucrative business. Animals of hot countries, such as elephants, are on the verge of extinction because of this. And now they take no last page in the International Red Book.

There are many more interesting features, which they possess African elephants. For example, the huge ears of these animals. And during the African heat, these parts of the body replace the fan for elephants.

diet African elephants consists only of plant foods. And for three-quarters of their lives, they are constantly chewing. But these giants sleep relatively little. They spend only 15% of their time on vacation. And this is two times less than in humans. And they only sleep standing up, leaning on each other. Also, African elephants have one feature that no one can explain. They feel the approach of their death and they themselves go to the "cemetery", which is not very easy to find. There are also many more animal species in Africa that make this continent so colorful and unique.

The fauna of our planet is very rich and diverse on all continents, in all countries, regions and regions. Many species of animals live at all latitudes, from the North Pole to Antarctica. And in hot climates, they are especially numerous. The hottest continent is Africa, where temperatures sometimes reach over 50˚C. The well-known elephants, giraffes, hippos, lions, cheetahs, zebras, rhinos, various monkeys, small, large, bright and predator birds, and many other animals.

But besides Africa, there are a large number of hot regions on our huge planet. These are deserts and semi-deserts different continents. Desert - arid natural area, where the annual rainfall is less than 25 cm. Even during infrequent rains, the desert soil hardly absorbs water, so it dries quickly. average temperature in hot deserts above 30˚С, and sometimes reaches 50˚С. But despite unfavourable conditions, in the deserts you can find a wide variety of life forms. Animals in deserts mainly get water from food.

Sweat, urine and other bodily fluids are almost not emitted from them - this retains precious moisture. Most large mammals the body is covered with thick hair, which protects them from the heat. Small animals usually settle underground, where they survive the heat of the day. Many desert animals lead night image life.

The giraffe is common in Africa south of the Sahara Desert. It is absent in dense forests, it can be found in savannahs or light forests. Height - up to 6 m, weight - up to 750 kg. The giraffe feeds on leaves, shoots and flowers of trees, especially acacias and mimosas. Leaves deftly cut off long tongue. Even the most thorny acacia branches do not interfere with him at all. Lives in small herds. The female gives birth to one cub up to 180 cm tall. The newborn rises to its feet in a matter of minutes and follows its mother. Due to its height and strong legs, the giraffe has almost no natural enemies. Even a lion will decide to attack him only during a watering hole. This is the most dangerous moment for a giraffe, because he has to not only tilt his head low, but also spread his legs wide.

A well-deserved sprinter, the cheetah also inhabits hot regions, Africa and some desert regions of Asia (Iran). He hunts in daylight hours days - in the morning or in the evening - on gazelles and other small, very fast antelopes (springbok, impala). Less commonly, it can also hunt large prey - wildebeest, oryx or waterbuck. Most of the time it stays alone. If several cheetahs are seen together, this is mainly a group of brothers and sisters that has not yet broken up, or a mother with already large children. There are usually four blind kittens in a litter. Then the cubs up to one and a half to two years remain in the care of their mother. Young cheetahs have semi-retractable claws, but with age they become blunt and non-retractile, like a dog's.

Among the wildlife of hot regions, you can often meet the black-backed jackal. It can live in various landscapes, but dense forests avoids. One of the most omnivorous members of the family. The black-backed jackal eats various small animals. Sometimes picks up leftover prey large predators, does not disdain carrion. Forms permanent pairs. It often digs its own burrows, but most often uses old fox or porcupine burrows. The female gives birth to three to eight cubs. The male is involved in the rearing and rearing of offspring. The black-backed jackal enjoys a well-deserved reputation as a parasite. Often joins the meal of a lion or tiger, without waiting for them to eat. Without the slightest fear, steals tidbits from under the hyena's nose. A person steals everything that “lies badly”, in landfills he is not at all embarrassed by the presence of a pack of stray dogs.

Many insects, lizards, rodents and other small animals are also an important part of the wildlife of hot areas.

Very interesting insect‒ horn-winged empusa living in deserts with sparse shrub vegetation of the Middle East, Transcaucasia and Central Asia. This bizarre insect has a body length of up to 65 mm. It feeds on insects, which it catches with its front pair of legs. On the head of the empusa there is a small area of ​​chitinous cover, which, like a mirror, reflects Sun rays. This creates the illusion of a shiny dew drop. It is a kind of bait for other insects of the hot season. Most often, flies flying to get drunk are tempted by it, and in return they fall directly into the deadly embrace of a predator.

Several species of turtle cockroaches are common in the sandy and clayey deserts of Central Asia. They eat a variety of plant foods. The female lays several dozen eggs, "packed" in a dense chitinous shell called ootheca. The turtle cockroach becomes an adult in the fourth year of life. These insects are nocturnal. From the heat of the day they hide in various hiding places, most often in the holes of rodents. Often a whole group of insects of different ages populate here.

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Zebra: A zebra is actually black with white stripes, not the other way around, as some people think. Each zebra has a unique pattern of black and white stripes, similar to human fingerprints. A zebra cub recognizes its mother from a drawing. Tsetse flies attack any moving warm object, even a car. An exception is the zebra, which the fly perceives as just a flicker of black and white stripes. Zebras are deprived of horns and other means of protection, fleeing from predators. Once in the environment, they defend themselves with their teeth and blows of hooves. A pursued zebra can travel at 80 kilometers per hour, but not for long periods of time.

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Newborn baby elephants can stand immediately after birth, but they are blind and hold on to their mother with their trunks so as not to get lost. At first, elephants suckle milk and drink water with their mouths, not with their trunks. The oldest elephant lived to be 82 years old, although they usually live between 50 and 70 years. Elephants poor eyesight but amazing sense of smell. An elephant's trunk has over 40,000 receptors. Elephants can and love to swim! Elephant tusks are elongated incisor teeth, this is ivory, because of which poachers exterminate them. On hot days, they flap their ears to keep it cooler. While walking, elephants move their legs on one side of the body at the same time. The only mammal that can't jump is the elephant. The elephant is the national animal of Thailand.

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The hippopotamus is a heavy and clumsy animal. The skin is thick, almost naked, very hot in the sun. From the heat, he escapes in the water. He is great at swimming and diving. On his feet, between his toes, he has swimming membranes. This is a herbivore, he loves aquatic vegetation. Likes to graze at night. Hippos live in herds. They really like to travel along the rivers. Sometimes they reach the sea and swim away for many kilometers from the coast.

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A black rhino is not black, and a white rhino is not white at all. The color of the rhinoceros depends on the color of the ground in which they tend to wallow. The rhinoceros has 1-2 horns, but this is not the limit - there are animals with 3 and even 5 horns. Rhinos poor eyesight but keen sense of smell. Animals are active in the evening, at night and early in the morning. Rhinos can hardly swim. Rhinos eat plants.

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The giraffe is the tallest animal, loves plants, acacias, his tongue and lips do not feel thorns. They live in herds and are guarded by the male. They have a sensitive ear, they are very shy. For them, a person is dangerous (giraffe meat - for food, skin - for products). In captivity, they miss the open spaces. They love to run on the savannah.

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Lion LIONS live in large lion families in prides. The leader in the pride is an old experienced lion, he can be recognized by his thick and luxurious mane, lionesses do not have a mane. The lion and lioness can rightly be proud of their amazing tail. It looks so long and thin, and even at the end it is decorated with a brush. The tail contains extraordinary strength: it can become hard as an iron rod or strike like a powerful whip. But, the most interesting thing in the brush, there is a spike, similar to a claw, hidden there. Lions hunt with the whole family and one zebra or antelope is enough for them for several days. They will never kill an animal just like that, they hunt only when they are hungry, and then they sleep sweetly and for a long time. Lions love their children very much, often play with them, caress, lick them.