What are catchphrases examples. What we have, we don’t keep, having lost it, we cry
And Vaska listens and eats
Quote from the fable by I. A. Krylov (1769–1844) “The Cat and the Cook” (1813). Used when we're talking about about a man who is deaf to reproaches and, despite any admonitions, continues to do his job.
And you, friends, no matter how you sit down,
You're not fit to be a musician
Quote from I. A. Krylov’s fable “Quartet” (1811). Used in relation to a poorly performing team, in which things are not going well because there is no unity, agreement, professionalism, competence, or a clear understanding of each person’s own and common task.
And the casket just opened
Quote from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Casket” (1808). A certain “mechanical sage” tried to open the casket and was looking for the special secret of its lock. But since there was no secret, he did not find it and “left the box behind.”
But I couldn’t figure out how to open it,
And the casket simply opened.
This phrase is used when talking about some matter, a question for the resolution of which there was no need to look for complex solution, because there is a prime.
And he, the rebellious one, asks for a storm,
As if there is peace in the storms!
Quote from the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov (1814–1841) “Sail” (1841).
Who are the judges?
Quote from the comedy by A. S. Griboedov (1795–1829) “Woe from Wit” (1824), words by Chatsky:
Who are the judges? - In ancient times
Their enmity towards a free life is irreconcilable,
Judgments are drawn from forgotten newspapers
The times of the Ochakovskys and the conquest of Crimea.
The phrase is used to emphasize contempt for the opinions of authorities who are no better than those whom they are trying to teach, blame, criticize, etc.
And happiness was so possible
So close!
Quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin (1799–1837), ch. 8 (1832).
Administrative delight
Words from the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky (1821–1881) “Demons” (1871). An ironic expression meaning intoxication with power.
Ay, Moska! know she's strong
What barks at an elephant
Quote from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Elephant and the Pug” (1808). It is used when we are talking about someone’s senseless attacks on someone who is obviously superior to his “enemy” (critic, detractor, aggressor, etc.).
Alexander the Great is a hero, but why break the chairs?
Quote from the comedy “The Inspector General” (1836) by N.V. Gogol (1809–1852), the words of the Governor about the teacher: “He is a learned head - this is obvious, and he has picked up a lot of information, but he only explains with such fervor that he does not remember himself. I listened to him once: well, for now I was talking about the Assyrians and Babylonians - nothing yet, but when I got to Alexander the Great, I can’t tell you what happened to him. I thought it was a fire, by God! He ran away from the pulpit and, with all his strength, grabbed the chair on the floor. It is, of course, Alexander the Great, a hero, but why break the chairs?” The phrase is used when someone goes overboard.
Afanasy Ivanovich and Pulcheria Ivanovna
The heroes of N. V. Gogol's story “Old World Landowners” (1835), elderly spouses, kind and naive inhabitants, leading a calm, measured, serene life, limited by purely economic concerns. Their names have become household names for people of this type.
Oh my god! What will Princess Marya Aleksevna say?
Quote from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), Famusov’s words with which the play ends. Used to denote cowardly dependence on walking, sanctimonious morality.
Ah, evil tongues are worse than a pistol
Quote from A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), words by Molchalin.
B
Bah! all familiar faces
Quote from A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), words by Famusov:
Bah! All familiar faces!
Daughter, Sofya Pavlovna! disgraceful!
Shameless! Where! with whom!
Neither give nor take, she
Like her mother, the deceased wife.
It happened that I was with my better half
A little apart - somewhere with a man!
The phrase is used to express surprise at an unexpected meeting with someone.
Grandma said in two
This is how they say that it is unknown whether it will come true. The expression is formed by truncation of the proverb “Grandma said in two: either it rains or snows, either it will happen or it won’t.”
Bazarov. Bazarovschina
By the name of Bazarov, the hero of the famous novel by I. S. Turgenev (1818–1883) "Fathers and Sons" (1862). Bazarov is a representative of part of the Russian raznochinnoe students of the 60s. XIX century, which at that time was keen on Western European materialist philosophy in its simplified, primitive interpretation.
Hence “Bazarovism” is a collective name, meaning all the extremes of this kind of worldview, namely passion natural sciences, crude materialism, emphasized pragmatism of behavior, rejection of traditional art and generally accepted rules of behavior.
The madness of the brave is the wisdom of life!
We sing a song to the madness of the brave
Quote from “Song of the Falcon” (1898) by M. Gorky (1868–1936).
Beat your head
The expression is used to mean: to spend time idly, to do trifles, to idle. Baklusha is a piece of wood processed for making various objects (spoons, cups, etc.). In handicraft production, it's like cutting off logs from logs to make wooden crafts. Figurative meaning explained by the fact that the production of baklosh was considered people easy, requiring no effort or skill.
Beat with your forehead
The word “chelo” in Old Russian means “forehead”. In Ancient Rus', they hit the floor with their “brow,” that is, their forehead, falling before nobles and kings in prostrations. This was called “bowing with great custom” and expressed the utmost respect. This is where the expression “beat with the forehead” came from, meaning: to turn to the authorities with a request, to petition. In written requests - “petitions” - they wrote: “And for this, your servant Ivashko beats you with his brow...” Even later, the words “beat him with his brow” began to simply mean: “welcome.”
Bet
Means: to argue about something. In Rus', a pledge was called a pledge, as well as a bet, a bet on a win, or the bet itself. To fight meant “to bet, to argue.”
Blessed is he who believes, he is warm in the world!
Quote from the comedy by A. S. Griboyedov "Grief from the mind" (1824), Chatsky's words. The expression is used to refer to overly, unreasonably gullible people or those who are too deluded by their rosy plans and hopes.
Shoe a flea
The expression became popular after the appearance of the story “Lefty” by N. S. Leskov (1831–1895) (1881), which was created on the basis of a folk joke: “The British made a flea out of steel, but our Tula people shod it and sent it back to them.” Used in the meaning: to show extraordinary ingenuity in some matter, skill, subtle skill.
Petrel
After the appearance of “Song of the Petrel” in print (1901) In M. Gorky's literature, the petrel became a symbol of the coming revolutionary storm.
There was a case near Poltava
This expression is the first line of a poem by I. E. Molchanov (1809–1881), published in the 40–50s of the 19th century. and became a popular song. This is how they talk about some incident jokingly or boastfully.
You can be a smart person
And think about the beauty of your nails
Quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” (1831) by A. S. Pushkin. Quoted as a response to accusations of being too concerned about one’s appearance.
IN
You can't go anywhere in the carriage of the past
Quote from M. Gorky’s play “At the Lower Depths” (1902), words by Satin. Instead of “nowhere,” “far” is often quoted.
To Moscow, to Moscow, to Moscow!
In the play “Three Sisters” (1901) by A.P. Chekhov (1860–1904), this phrase is repeated with longing by the sisters, suffocating in the mud of provincial life, but not having the will to get out of it. This phrase is used to describe fruitless dreams.
In some kingdom, not in our state
The traditional beginning of many Russian folk tales. Used to mean: somewhere, unknown where.
There is no truth in my feet
Now used as a playful invitation to sit down. There are several possible origins for this phrase:
- According to the first version, the combination is due to the fact that in the XV–XVIII centuries. in Rus', debtors were severely punished, beaten with iron rods on their bare legs, seeking repayment of the debt, i.e., “truth,” but such punishment could not force those who did not have money to repay the debt;
- according to the second version, the expression arose due to the fact that the landowner, having discovered that something was missing, gathered the peasants and forced them to stand until the culprit was named;
- the third version reveals a connection between the expression and pravezh (cruel punishment for non-payment of debts). If the debtor fled from the law, they said that there was no truth at his feet, that is, it was impossible to get out of the debt; With the abolition of the law, the meaning of the saying changed.
You can't harness it to one cart
Horse and trembling doe
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Poltava” (1829).
Everything in a person should be beautiful: his face, his clothes, his soul, his thoughts.
Quote from A.P. Chekhov’s play “Uncle Vanya” (1897); These words are spoken by Doctor Astrov. Often only the first half of a sentence is quoted.
The great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language
Quote from the prose poem by I. S. Turgenev “Russian Language” (1882).
Lord of Doom
An expression from A. S. Pushkin’s poem “To the Sea” (1825), in which the poet called Napoleon and Byron “rulers of thoughts.” In literary speech it is applied to great people whose activities had a strong influence on the minds of their contemporaries.
Power of darkness
The expression, which became a figurative definition of ignorance and cultural backwardness, became popular after the appearance of the drama by L. N. Tolstoy (1828–1910) “The Power of Darkness, or The Claw Gets Stuck - The Whole Bird is Lost” (1886).
You, Darling, look good in all your outfits
Quote from the poem by I. F. Bogdanovich (1743–1803) “Darling” (1778):
You, Darling, look good in all your outfits:
In the image of which queen are you dressed?
Are you sitting like a shepherdess near the hut,
You are a wonder of the world in everyone.
This line is better known thanks to A.S. Pushkin, who used it as an epigraph to his story “The Young Lady-Peasant” from the cycle “Belkin’s Tales”. It is used humorously and ironically as a ready-made compliment in response to women’s requests to evaluate a new dress, hairstyle, etc.
In all Ivanovo
The expression “at the top of Ivanovo (shout, scream)” is used to mean: very loudly, with all your might. Ivanovskaya is the name of the square in the Moscow Kremlin on which the Ivan the Great Bell Tower stands. There are several versions of the origin of this expression:
- on Ivanovskaya Square, sometimes the royal decrees were read publicly, in a loud voice (in the entire Ivanovskaya Square). Hence the figurative meaning of the expression;
- clerks were also sometimes punished on Ivanovskaya Square. They were beaten mercilessly with whips and batogs, causing them to scream throughout Ivanovskaya Square.
Troublemaker
This is the title of the novel (1940) by L.V. Solovyov (1898–1962) about Khoja Nasreddin, the hero of folk jokes among Azerbaijanis, Tajiks, Armenians, peoples of the North Caucasus, Persians and Turks. The expression “troublemaker” has become popular as a figurative description of people rebelling against indifference, bureaucracy, and various manifestations of social injustice.
The Volga flows into the Caspian Sea.
Horses eat oats and hay
Quote from A.P. Chekhov’s story “Literature Teacher” (1894). These phrases are repeated in his dying delirium by history and geography teacher Ippolit Ippolitovich, who all his life expressed only well-known, indisputable truths. Used to mean: well-known banal statements.
In borrowed plumes
The expression arose from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Crow” (1825). The crow, having tucked its tail into peacock feathers, went for a walk, confident that she was Pavam's sister and that everyone would look at her. But the Peahens plucked the Crow so that not even her own feathers remained on her. The crow rushed to her people, but they did not recognize her. “A crow in peacock feathers” - they say about a person who arrogates to himself other people’s merits, unsuccessfully tries to play a high role that is unusual for him, and therefore finds himself in a comical situation.
Getting into trouble
The expression is used to mean: to be in an unpleasant, awkward or disadvantageous position due to one’s oversight or ignorance. The adverb “in a mess” was formed as a result of the fusion of elements in the combination “in a mess.” Prosak is a spinning mill, a rope machine on which ropes were spun in the old days. It consisted of a complex network of ropes that stretched from the spinning wheel to the sled, where they were twisted. The camp was usually located on the street and occupied a significant space. For a spinner to get his clothes, hair or beard into a hole, that is, into a rope mill, meant, at best, to be seriously injured and tear his clothes, and at worst, to lose his life.
Vralman
The protagonist of the comedy by D. I. Fonvizin (1744/1745-1792) “The Minor” (1782), an ignorant German, a former coachman, one of the teachers of the landowner’s son, the minor Mitrofanushka. His surname, composed of the Russian “liar” and the German “Mann” (man), which fully characterizes him, became common noun braggart and liar.
Seriously and for a long time
Expression by V. I. Lenin (1870–1924) from a report at the IX All-Russian Congress of Soviets. About the new economic policy, V.I. Lenin said: “...we are pursuing this policy seriously and for a long time, but, of course, as has already been correctly noted, not forever.”
Everything will pass like smoke from white apple trees
Quote from the poem by S. A. Yesenin (1895–1925) “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry...” (1922):
I do not regret, do not call, do not cry,
Everything will pass like smoke from white apple trees.
Withered in gold,
I won't be young anymore.
It is quoted as consolation, as advice to approach life calmly, philosophically, since everything passes - both good and bad.
Everything is mixed up in the Oblonskys' house
Quote from L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” (1875): “Everything was mixed up in the Oblonskys’ house. The wife found out that her husband was in a relationship with a French governess who was in their house, and announced to her husband that she could not live with him in the same house... The wife did not leave her room, the husband was not at home for the third day. The children ran around the house as if lost; the Englishwoman quarreled with the housekeeper and wrote a note to a friend, asking her to find a new place for her; the cook left the yard yesterday during lunch; the black cook and coachman asked for payment.” The quote is used as a figurative definition of confusion, confusion.
Everything is fine, beautiful marquise
Quote from the poem (1936) by A. I. Bezymensky (1898–1973) “Everything is fine” (French folk song). The Marquise, who has been away for fifteen days, calls her estate on the phone and asks one of the servants: “Well, how are things going with you?” He answers:
Everything is fine, beautiful marquise,
Things are going well and life is easy
Not a single sad surprise
Except for a trifle!So... nonsense...
An empty matter...
Your mare has died!
Everything is fine, everything is fine.
The coachman answered the marquise’s question: “How did this death happen?” – answers:
What's wrong with the mare:
Empty business!
She and the stable burned down!
But otherwise, beautiful marquise,
Everything is fine, everything is fine.
But otherwise,
beautiful marquise,
Everything is fine, everything is fine!
All this would be funny
If only it weren't so sad
Quote from the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “A. O. Smirnova" (1840):
I want to tell you a lot without you,
I want to listen to you in front of you...
What to do?.. With unskillful speech
I can’t occupy your mind...
All this would be funny
If only it weren't so sad.
It is used as a commentary on an outwardly tragicomic, funny, but essentially very serious, alarming situation.
Wash dirty linen in public
Used to mean: to disclose troubles, quarrels that concern only a narrow circle of people. The expression is usually used with negation, as a call not to disclose the details of such quarrels (there is no need to wash dirty linen in public). It is associated with the ancient custom of not taking garbage out of the hut, but burning it (for example, in a stove), since an evil person could supposedly send trouble to the owner of the hut by saying special words over the trash.
G
Galloping across Europe
This is the title of the travel essays of the poet A. A. Zharov (1904–1984), reflecting the cursory impressions he took from his trip around Western Europe(1928). The title is explained by the fact that Zharov and his companions, the poets I. Utkin and A. Bezymensky, were forced to greatly reduce their stay in Czechoslovakia and Austria at the request of the police.
M. Gorky, in his article “On the Benefits of Literacy” (1928), used Zharov’s expression “galloping across Europe,” but to address some authors of frivolous essays about life abroad, who provide readers with incorrect information. The expression is used as a definition of superficial observations in general.
Hamburg account
In 1928 A collection of literary critical articles, notes and essays by V. Shklovsky (1893–1984) entitled “The Hamburg Account” was published. The meaning of this name is explained in a brief programmatic article that opens the collection: “The Hamburg account is an extremely important concept. All wrestlers, when they fight, cheat and lie down on their shoulder blades on the orders of the entrepreneur. Once a year, wrestlers gather in a Hamburg tavern. They fight behind closed doors and curtained windows. Long, ugly and hard. Here the true classes of fighters are established, so as not to get shortchanged. The Hamburg account is necessary in literature." In conclusion, the article names several famous contemporary writers who, in the author’s opinion, do not stand up to the Hamburg count. Subsequently, Shklovsky recognized this article as “cocky” and incorrect. But the expression “Hamburg account” then became popular, initially in the literary community, as a definition of the assessment of any work of literature or art without discounts and concessions, and then became more widespread and began to be used in the assessment of certain social phenomena.
Hero of our time
The title of the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov (1840), possibly inspired by “The Knight of Our Time” by N. M. Karamzin. Allegorically: a person whose thoughts and deeds most fully express the spirit of modernity. The expression is used in a positive sense or ironically, in accordance with the personality of the person to whom it is applied.
The hero is not my novel
Chatsky
But Skalozub? What a treat!
Stands up for the army,
And with the straightness of the waist,
In face and voice - a hero...
Sophia
Not my novel.
The expression is used to mean: not to my taste.
Burn the hearts of people with the verb
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s poem “The Prophet” (1828).
Used in the meaning: ardently, passionately preach, teach.
Eye, speed, pressure
Aphorism of the great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov. With these words, in his “Science of Conquering” (written in 1796, first edition 1806) he defined the “three arts of war.”
A stupid penguin timidly hides its fat body in the rocks
Quote from “Song of the Petrel” (1901) by M. Gorky.
Rotten liberalism
An expression by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (1826–1889) from the satirical essay (1875) “The Lords of Silence” (from the series “In the midst of moderation and accuracy”), which became synonymous with unprincipledness, conciliation, connivance.
Hunger is not a thing
This is what they say about severe hunger, forcing one to take some kind of action. These words are part of an extended expression written down back in the 17th century: hunger is not an aunt’s, he won’t slip a pie, i.e., an aunt (godfather, mother-in-law) will help in difficult cases, feed you nourishingly and tasty food, but hunger can only push you to do many unwanted things. actions.
Woe from mind
The title of the comedy by A. S. Griboyedov.
D
Was there a boy?
One of the episodes of M. Gorky’s novel “The Life of Klim Samgin” (1927) tells about the boy Klim skating with other children. Boris Varavka and Varya Somova fall into the wormwood. Klim hands Boris the end of his gymnasium belt, but, feeling that he too is being pulled into the water, he lets go of the belt. Children are drowning. When the search for the drowned begins, Klim is struck by “someone’s serious, incredulous question: “Was there a boy, maybe there wasn’t a boy?”” The last phrase became a catchphrase, as a figurative expression of extreme doubt about something.
Yes, but things are still there
Quote from I. A. Krylov’s fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer” (1814). Used to mean: things don’t move, they stand still, and fruitless conversations take place around them.
The lady is nice in every way
An expression from N. V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” (1842): “Whatever name you come up with, there will certainly be in some corner of our state, - the good thing is great, - someone wearing it, and he will certainly get angry ... and therefore Let's call the lady to whom the guest came, as she legally acquired, for, of course, she spared nothing in order to become amiable to the last degree, although, of course, through the amiability, oh, what nimble agility crept feminine character! and although sometimes in every pleasant word of hers, what a pin stuck out ... "
Give oak
Used to mean “to die.” There are two versions of the origin of this expression:
- The phrase arose on Russian soil and is associated with the verb zadubet - “to cool down, lose sensitivity, become hard.”
- The expression originated in the south of Russia. It can be assumed that the dead were buried under the oak tree.
Twenty two misfortunes
This is how in A.P. Chekhov’s play “The Cherry Orchard” (1903) they call the clerk Epikhodov, with whom some comic misfortune happens every day. The expression is applied to losers with whom some kind of misfortune constantly occurs.
Noble Nest
The title of the novel by I. S. Turgenev (1859), which became synonymous with a noble estate. This expression was used by Turgenev even earlier, in the story “My Neighbor Radilov” (1847).
Things of days gone by
Legends of deep antiquity
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” (1820), which is a close translation of the verses of one of Ossian’s poems, created by the English writer James Macpherson (1736–1796) and attributed by him to this legendary ancient Celtic bard. Allegorically about long-standing and unreliable events that few people remember.
In the bag
When they say “it’s in the bag,” it means: everything is in order, everything ended well. The origin of this expression is sometimes explained by the fact that in the time of Ivan the Terrible, some court cases were decided by lot, and lots were drawn from the judge’s hat. There are other explanations for the origin of the expression. Some researchers argue that clerks and clerks (they were the ones who dealt with all kinds of litigation), when dealing with court cases, used their hats to receive bribes, and if the size of the bribe suited the clerk, then “it was in the bag.”
The work of helping drowning people is the work of the drowning people themselves
The satirical novel “Twelve Chairs” (1927) by I. Ilf (1897–1937) and E. Petrov (1902–1942) mentions a poster with such an absurd slogan hung in a club at an evening of the Water Rescue Society. This slogan began to be used, sometimes in a slightly modified version, as a humorous aphorism about self-help.
Time for business and time for fun
In 1656, by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (1629–1676), the “Book of the Constable: the New Code and Order of the Falconer’s Way” was compiled, that is, a collection of rules for falconry, a favorite pastime of that time. At the end of the preface, Alexey Mikhailovich made a handwritten note: “The prelogue is bookish or his own; This parable is spiritual and physical; “Don’t forget truth and justice and merciful love and military formation: it’s time for business and fun.” The words of the postscript have become an expression that is often interpreted not quite correctly, understanding the word “time” as the larger part, and the word “hour” as the smaller part, as a result of which the expression itself is changed: “it’s time for business, but it’s time for fun.” But the king did not even think about giving only an hour out of his whole time to fun. These words express the idea that there is a time for everything - both business and fun.
Demyanova's ear
The expression is used in the meaning: forced excessive treats against the wishes of the person being treated; generally anything persistently proposed. It arose from I. A. Krylov’s fable “Demyan’s Ear” (1813). Neighbor Demyan treated neighbor Foku’s fish soup so much that he
No matter how much I loved the fish soup, it’s such a disaster,
Grabbing in his arms
Sash and hat,
Hurry home without memory -
And from that time on, I never set foot near Demyan.
Derzhimorda
The character of N. V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” (1836), a rude police servant who, according to Gorodnichy, “for the sake of order, puts lights under everyone’s eyes, both those who are right and those who are guilty.” His name entered literary speech with the meaning: a rude guardian of order, blindly carrying out orders from above.
Catch up and overtake
The expression arose from V. I. Lenin’s article “The Impending Catastrophe and How to Deal with It” (1917). In this article, V.I. Lenin wrote: “The revolution did what in a few months Russia, in its own way, political the formation has caught up with the advanced countries. But this is not enough. War is inexorable, it poses the question with merciless sharpness: either perish, or catch up with the advanced countries and overtake them as well. economically". The same slogan - “catch up and overtake America!” – was put forward again in the 1960s. First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee N. S. Khrushchev (1894–1971). Quoted as a call to win a competition (usually economic) with someone. Used both literally and ironically.
Dr. Aibolit
The hero of the fairy tale by K. I. Chukovsky (1882–1969) “Aibolit” (1929). The name of the “good doctor” Aibolit began to be used (at first by children) as a playfully affectionate name for a doctor.
Domostroy
“Domostroy” is a monument of Russian literature of the 16th century, which is a set of everyday rules and moral teachings. These rules, set out in more than sixty chapters, were based on a firmly developed worldview that had developed under the influence of the church. “Domostroy” teaches “how to believe”, “how to honor the king”, “how to live with wives and children and household members”, sets standards home life and farming. The ideal of any economy, according to Domostroi, is hoarding, which should help to acquire wealth, which is achievable only under the condition of the autocracy of the head of the family. The husband, according to Domostroy, is the head of the family, the master of the wife, and Domostroy indicates in detail in what cases he should beat his wife, etc. Hence the word “Domostroy” means: conservative way of life family life, a morality that affirms the slave position of women.
Fight like Sidorov's goat
Used in the meaning: to flog, beat someone strongly, cruelly and mercilessly. The name Sidor among the people was often associated with the idea of an evil or grumpy person, and a goat, according to popular ideas, is an animal with a harmful character.
Darling
The heroine of the story of the same name by A.P. Chekhov (1899), an ingenuous woman who changes her interests and views as her lovers change, through whose eyes she looks at life. The image of Chekhov's “darling” also characterizes people who change their beliefs and views depending on who is in given time influences them.
Breathing on your last breath
This is what they say about a thin, weak, sickly-looking person who does not have long to live. The expression is based on the religious symbolism of the word “incense”. In the church, incense is burned (they rock a vessel containing smoking incense). This rite is performed, in particular, before the dead or dying.
E
There is life in the old dog yet
Quote from N.V. Gogol’s story “Taras Bulba” (1842). Allegorically about the ability to do a lot more; about good health, feeling good or the great potential of a person capable of many significant things, although those around him no longer expect this from him.
There is something to despair about
Quote from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824). Chatsky, interrupting Repetilov’s lies, tells him:
Listen, lie, but know when to stop;
There is something to despair about.
There is ecstasy in battle,
And the dark abyss on the edge
Quote from the dramatic scene of A. S. Pushkin “A Feast during the Plague” (1832), song of the chairman of the feast. Used as a formula to justify unnecessarily risky behavior.
AND
Alive Smoking Room
An expression from a folk children's song sung when playing "Smoking Room". The players sit in a circle and pass each other a burning splinter with the refrain: “The Smoking Room is alive, alive, thin legs, short soul.” The one in whose hands the torch goes out leaves the circle. This is where the expression “the Smoking Room is alive” came from, used as a playful exclamation when referring to the ongoing activities of insignificant people, as well as the continuous activities of someone in difficult conditions.
Living water
In Russian folk tales there is magical water that revives the dead and gives heroic strength.
Live and let others live
The first line of the poem by G. R. Derzhavin (1743–1816) “On the Birth of Queen Gremislava” (1798):
Live and let others live,
But not at the expense of another;
Always be happy with yours
Don't touch anything else:
Here is the rule, the path is straight
For the happiness of each and everyone.
Derzhavin is the author of this poetic formula, but not the very thought contained in it, which has long existed as a proverb in different languages. Its French version was also widely known in Russia - “Vivons et laissons vivre les autres”. The authorship of this idea is unknown. But in any case, its Russian translation became an aphorism thanks to G.R. Derzhavin.
By Queen Gremislava the poet means the Russian Empress Catherine the Great. According to legend, the expression “live and let others live” was her favorite saying.
Allegorically: a call to be attentive to the interests of other people, to seek a compromise with them, a certain formula of coexistence that suits everyone.
Living Dead
The expression became widespread after the appearance of the drama “The Living Corpse” (1911) by L. N. Tolstoy, the hero of which, Fedya Protasov, feigning suicide, hides from his wife and people of his circle and lives among the dregs of society, being in his own eyes a “living corpse” . Now the expression “living corpse” is used in the sense of: a degraded person, morally devastated, as well as in general something deadened that has outlived its usefulness.
3
Out of reach
The expression belongs to Admiral F.V. Dubasov (1845–1912), known for the brutal suppression of the Moscow armed uprising. In his “victorious” report to Nicholas II dated December 22, 1905, Dubasov wrote: “Retreating, the rebels, on the one hand, tried and managed to quickly remove the elected leaders beyond the reach of, on the other hand, they left scattered, but the most irreconcilable and embittered fighters... I cannot recognize the rebellious movement as completely suppressed.”
Far away.
Far away [thirtieth] kingdom
An expression often found in Russian folk tales with the meaning: far away, in an unknown distance.
Forget yourself and fall asleep!
Quote from the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “I go out alone on the road”:
I don't expect anything from life,
And I don’t regret the past at all;
I'm looking for freedom and peace!
I would like to forget myself and fall asleep!
Shabby look
This expression appeared under Peter I (1672–1725). Zatrapeznikov is the name of a merchant whose factory produced very coarse and low-quality fabric. Since then, this has been said about a sloppily dressed person.
Abstruse language. Zaum
Terms created by the poet and futurism theorist A.E. Kruchenykh. In the “Declaration of the Word as Such” (1913), the essence of “zaumi” is defined as follows: “Thought and speech do not keep pace with the experience of the inspired, therefore the artist is free to express himself not only in a general language... but also in a personal one... without a specific meaning... abstruse. On the basis of this far-fetched false theory, futurist poets created words devoid of any substantive and semantic meaning; they wrote, for example, the following poems: “Serzha melepeta was overshadowed by ok rizum meleva alik.” Therefore, the terms “abstruse” and “abstruse language” began to be used to mean: a language incomprehensible to the broad masses, generally nonsense.
Hello, young, unfamiliar tribe!
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Once again I visited / That corner of the earth...” (1835):
Hello tribe
Young, unfamiliar! not me
I will see your mighty late age,
When you outgrow my friends
And you will cover their old head
From the eyes of a passerby...
It is used as a humorous and solemn greeting addressed to youth and young colleagues.
Green grapes
The expression came into wide circulation after the appearance of I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Fox and the Grapes” (1808). The fox, who cannot reach the high-hanging bunches of grapes, says:
He looks good,
Yes it is green - there are no ripe berries,
You'll set your teeth on edge right away.
Used to denote imaginary contempt for something that cannot be achieved.
Hot spot
An expression from an Orthodox funeral prayer (“...in a place of peace, in a place of peace...”). This is how heaven is called in texts in Church Slavonic. The figurative meaning of this expression is “fun place” or “nourishing place” (such a place in old Russia could be a tavern). Over time, this expression acquired a negative connotation - a place where they indulge in revelry and debauchery.
AND
And the smoke of the fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us
Quote from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), words of Chatsky, who returned from his trip. Recalling old Muscovites with sarcasm, he says:
I am destined to see them again!
Will you get tired of living with them, and in whom you won’t find any stains?
When you wander, you return home,
And the smoke of the fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us.
Griboyedov’s last phrase is a not entirely accurate quote from G. R. Derzhavin’s poem “The Harp” (1798):
Good news about our side is dear to us:
Fatherland and smoke is sweet and pleasant to us.
Derzhavin’s phrase came into wide circulation, of course, as a quote from Griboyedov’s comedy. Allegorically about love, affection for one’s fatherland, when even the smallest signs of one’s own, dear one cause joy and tenderness.
And live in a hurry and feel in a hurry
Quote from the poem by P. A. Vyazemsky (1792–1878) “The First Snow” (1822). Taken by A. S. Pushkin as an epigraph to the 1st chapter of “Eugene Onegin.” Allegorically: 1. About a person who, although he is in a hurry, cannot complete anything. 2. About someone who strives to take as much as possible from life, to enjoy everything, without particularly thinking about the price that will have to be paid for it.
And it’s boring, and sad, and there’s no one to give a hand to
Quote from M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Both Boring and Sad” (1840):
And it’s boring, and sad, and there’s no one to give a hand to
In a moment of spiritual adversity...
Desires! What benefit is there to wish for in vain and forever?
And the years pass - all the best years...
Allegorically about loneliness, the absence of loved ones.
And again the battle!
Rest only in our dreams
Quote from the poem by A. A. Blok (1880–1921) “On the Kulikovo Field” (1909). Allegorically about the determination to fight further to achieve the goal.
And the one who walks through life singing,
He will never disappear anywhere
Chorus of the popular march from the film “Jolly Fellows” (1934), lyrics by V. I. Lebedev-Kumach (1898–1949), music by I. O. Dunaevsky (1900–1955).
Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforov
Characters from “The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich” (1834) by N. V. Gogol. The names of these two Mirgorod inhabitants have become household names for people who constantly quarrel with each other, synonymous with squabbles and gossip.
Ivan Nepomniachtchi
IN In Tsarist Russia, captured escaped convicts, hiding their past, hid their real first and last names, called themselves Ivans and said that they did not remember their relationship; the police recorded them as “not remembering their kinship,” hence their nickname “Ivan Nepomniachtchi.”
I'm coming at you
Prince Svyatoslav, starting the war, announced to the enemy in advance: “I want to go against you.” N. M. Karamzin (1766–1826), relaying the chronicle legend, cites Svyatoslav’s phrase in the form: “I’m coming at you!” The phrase became popular in the editorial office: “I’m coming to you.” Used in the meaning: I intend to enter into confrontation, argument, dispute, etc.
A spark will ignite a flame
Quote from a poem by the Decembrist poet A. I. Odoevsky (1802–1839), written in Siberia in response to the poetic message of A. S. Pushkin (1826), addressed to the Decembrists exiled to hard labor (“In the depths of the Siberian ores / Keep proud patience ...").
Allegorically about faith in success, the victory of one’s business, despite its difficult beginning.
For the love of art
An expression from the vaudeville of D. T. Lensky (1805–1860) “Lev Gurych Sinichkin” (1839). One of the vaudeville characters, Count Zefirov, is after pretty actresses, playing the patron of the arts who patronizes the local troupe. His favorite expression, which he repeats every minute: “For the love of art.”
Used in the meaning: out of love for the work itself, occupation, without any selfish goals.
From a beautiful distance
An expression from N. V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” (1842): “Rus! Rus! I see you from my wonderful, beautiful distance, I see you” (almost the entire 1st volume of “Dead Souls” was written by Gogol abroad). It is quoted as a playfully ironic designation of a place where a person is freed from ordinary worries, difficulties, and problems.
A hut on chicken legs
In Russian folk tales, Baba Yaga lives in such a hut. This figurative name comes from those wooden log houses that in the old days, in order to protect them from rotting, were placed on stumps with the roots cut off.
Highlight
The expression arose from a popular proverb: “Kvass is not dear, but the zest in kvass is dear.” It became popular after the appearance of L. N. Tolstoy’s drama “The Living Corpse” (1912). The hero of the drama, Protasov, talking about his family life, says: “My wife was an ideal woman... But what can I tell you? There was no zest - you know, there is zest in kvass? – there was no game in our lives. And I needed to forget. And without playing you won’t be forgotten...” Used in the meaning: something that gives a special taste, attractiveness to something (a dish, a story, a person, etc.).
TO
Kazan orphan
This is the name given to a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to evoke the sympathy of compassionate people. With this expression during the time of Ivan the Terrible (1530–1584) they jokingly called the Tatar princes who converted to Christianity after the conquest of Kazan and sought honors at the royal court. In their petitions they often called themselves orphans. Another option is also possible: after the conquest of Kazan, many beggars appeared who pretended to be victims of the war and said that their parents died during the siege of Kazan.
Like a squirrel in a wheel
An expression from I. A. Krylov’s fable “Squirrel” (1833):
Look at another businessman:
He fusses, rushes about, everyone marvels at him:
He seems to be breaking out of his skin,
Yes, but everything doesn’t move forward,
Like a squirrel in a wheel.
The expression is used to mean: constantly fussing, fussing without visible results.
No matter what happens
Words of teacher Belikov from A.P. Chekhov’s story “The Man in a Case” (1898). Quoted as the definition of cowardice, alarmism.
How did you come to live like this?
Quote from a poem N. A. Nekrasova (1821–1878) "Poor and elegant" (1861):
Let’s call her over and ask her:
“How did you come to live like this?..”
Used to express bewilderment and regret about the troubles that befell a person.
Like under every leaf
The table and the house were ready
Quote from the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant” (1808) by I. A. Krylov. The expression is given to characterize easily, effortlessly achieved material security.
Like water off a duck's back
Due to the fatty lubricant of the feathers, water easily rolls off the goose. This observation led to the appearance of this expression. It is used to denote a person who is indifferent to everything, doesn’t care about everything.
How beautiful, how fresh the roses were...
This line is from the poem “Roses” by I. P. Myatlev (1796–1844). It is used when they sadly remember something joyful, bright, but long past.
Capital to acquire and innocence to maintain
An expression popularized by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (“Letters to Auntie” (1882), “Little Things in Life” (1887), “Mon Repos Shelter” (1879), etc.). Used in the meaning: to satisfy one’s selfish interests, while trying to maintain the reputation of a disinterested person, an altruist.
Karamazovism
A word that came into widespread use after the publication of F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “The Brothers Karamazov” (1879–1880). This word denotes the extreme degree of moral irresponsibility and cynicism (“everything is allowed”), which constitute the essence of the worldview and morals of the main characters.
Karataev.
Karataevshchina
Platon Karataev is one of the heroes of L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” (1865–1869). His humility and meek, gentle attitude towards any manifestation of evil (“non-resistance to evil”) expresses, according to Tolstoy, the essence of the Russian peasantry, genuine folk wisdom.
Kiseynaya young lady [girl]
Apparently, for the first time this expression entered literary speech from the novel by N. G. Pomyalovsky (1835–1863) “Pittish Happiness” (1861). Used to mean: a cutesy, pampered girl with a limited outlook.
Knock out a wedge with a wedge
It means “to get rid of something (bad, difficult) by acting as if it does not exist, or by resorting to exactly what caused it.” The expression is associated with wood splitting, in which logs are split by driving a wedge into a crack made with an ax. If the wedge gets stuck in the wood without splitting it, then you can knock it out (and at the same time split the log) only with a second, thicker wedge.
Kolomenskaya verst
This is the name given to long and thin people. In the 17th century, by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, on the “pillar” road (that is, a road with mileposts) between Moscow and the royal summer residence in the village of Kolomenskoye, distances were re-measured and “versts” were installed - especially high mileposts, from which and this expression started.
Who can live well in Rus'?
The title of the poem by N. A. Nekrasov, the first chapter of which was published in 1866. Seven peasants, having argued about
Who has fun?
Freely in Rus', -
they decide not to return home until they find an answer to this question, and walk around Rus' in search of “who can live well in Rus'.” Quoted as a humorous and ironic commentary on all kinds of sociological studies, surveys, their results, etc.
Kondrashka had enough
This is what they say if someone suddenly died or passed away (about apoplexy, paralysis). There are several versions of the origin of the turnover:
- the phraseological unit goes back to the name of Kondraty Bulavin, the leader of the popular uprising on the Don in 1707;
- Kondrashka is a euphemistic name for death, serious illness, paralysis, characteristic of popular superstition.
Ends in the water
The expression is associated with the name of Ivan the Terrible. Repressions against the population under this tsar sometimes took on such a scale that they embarrassed even Ivan himself. In such cases, in order to hide the true scale of the executions, people who died from torture were secretly thrown into the river. Hiding the loose ends means covering up the traces of the crime.
The horse didn't lie
Used to mean: nothing has been done yet, the work is still far from starting. The origin of the turnover is associated with the habit of horses to wallow before allowing a collar or saddle to be put on, which delayed work.
Box
Character from N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” (1842): “... one of those mothers, small landowners who cry about crop failures, losses... and meanwhile they gradually collect money in colorful bags placed in dresser drawers. All the rubles are taken into one bag, fifty rubles into another, quarters into a third, although from the outside it seems as if there is nothing in the chest of drawers except linen, night blouses, skeins of thread, and a torn cloak, which can then turn into a dress if the old one will somehow burn out while baking holiday cakes with all sorts of yarn, or it will wear out on its own. But the dress will not burn or fray on its own; the old woman is thrifty, and the cloak is destined to lie for a long time in a ripped state, and then, according to the spiritual will, go to the niece of her grand-sister along with all other rubbish.” The name Korobochka has become synonymous with a person who lives by petty interests, a petty skopid.
Blood with milk
This is what they say about a ruddy, healthy person. An expression from Russian folklore, which combines folk ideas about the beauty of color: red as blood and white as milk. In Rus', a white face and blush on the cheeks have long been considered a sign of beauty, which was evidence of good health.
The cuckoo praises the rooster
Because he praises the cuckoo
Quote from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Cuckoo and the Rooster” (1841):
Why, without fear of sin,
Does the cuckoo praise the rooster?
Because he praises the cuckoo.
L
Extraordinary lightness in thoughts
The words of the boastful Khlestakov in N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” (1836): “However, there are many of mine: The Marriage of Figaro, Robert the Devil, Norma. I don’t even remember the names; And it all happened by chance: I didn’t want to write, but the theater management said: “Please, brother, write something.” I think to myself: “If you please, brother!” And then in one evening, it seems, he wrote everything, astonishing everyone. I have an extraordinary lightness in my thoughts.”
Get into trouble
Means: to go in rage and blindness in spite of common sense to obvious death, to “run into” trouble. “Rozhnom” in the Old Russian language (and now in local dialects) was the name for a pointed stake. When hunting a bear, daredevils put a sharp stake in front of them when they went at it. Having run into trouble, the bear died. The expression “to fight against the prick” or, conversely, “you can’t trample against the prick” has the same origin. Hence the “don’t care” in the sense: there is nothing.
Extra people.
Extra person
From “The Diary of an Extra Man” (1850) by I. S. Turgenev. The image of the “superfluous man” was very popular in Russian literature of the 19th century. as a type of nobleman who, in the current socio-political conditions, does not find a place for himself in life, cannot self-realize and suffers from this, languishing in inactivity. The very interpretation of the “superfluous person” - precisely as a very specific social type - served for many authors of those years as a form of indirect, non-political protest against the prevailing living conditions in Russia.
Usually the expression is used in relation to people who are in some way similar to these heroes of Russian classical literature.
A ray of light in a dark kingdom
The title of the article (1860) by N. A. Dobrolyubov (1836–1861), dedicated to the drama “The Thunderstorm” by A. N. Ostrovsky (1823–1886). Dobrolyubov views the suicide of the heroine of the drama, Katerina, as a protest against the tyranny and tyranny of the “dark kingdom.” This protest is passive, but it indicates that the oppressed masses are already awakening to the consciousness of their natural rights, that the time of slavish obedience is passing. That’s why Dobrolyubov called Katerina “a ray of light in a dark kingdom.” Allegorically: a joyful, bright phenomenon (a kind, pleasant person) in some difficult, depressing situation.
Less is more
Title of the article (1923) by V.I. Lenin. The phrase is a symbol of the priority of quality over quantity.
Love for all ages
Quote from the poem “Eugene Onegin” (1831) by A. S. Pushkin. Used as a playfully ironic commentary on the passionate, youthful feelings of an elderly man.
Ogress Ellochka
“William Shakespeare’s dictionary, according to researchers, is 12,000 words. The dictionary of a black man from the cannibal tribe “Mumbo-Yumbo” is 300 words.
Ellochka Shchukina easily and freely made do with thirty.”
This is how Chapter XXII, Part II “Ellochka the Ogress” begins in the novel by Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov “The Twelve Chairs” (1928).
In the vocabulary of the bourgeois Ellochka, words such as “famous”, “darkness”, “creep”, “guy”, “taxo”, etc., serve to express all her wretched feelings and thoughts. Her name has become a household name for people who pepper their meager speech with made-up words and vulgarisms.
Sharpen the laces
The expression “to sharpen your lasses” means “to chat nonsense, to engage in frivolous, pointless conversation.” The expression comes from a simple ancient work - the manufacture of balusters: turned posts for railings. Lyasy - presumably the same as balusters, balusters. A baluster was a turner who made balusters (in a figurative sense - a joker, funny man, joker). The baluster craft was considered fun and easy, not requiring special concentration and giving the master the opportunity to sing, joke, and chat with others.
M
Manilov. Manilovschina
Manilov is one of the heroes of N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” (1842), a landowner, cloyingly sweet in his treatment of his family and guests, a sentimental, fruitless dreamer.
Disservice
The expression arose from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Hermit and the Bear” (1808). Used to mean: an inept, awkward service that brings harm or trouble instead of help.
Dead Souls
The title of the poem by N.V. Gogol, the main character of which Chichikov, with a speculative purpose, buys “dead souls” from landowners, who, according to documents, were listed as alive before the next census. The expression has become popular in its meaning: people fictitiously registered somewhere, as well as people “dead in spirit.”
Philistine happiness
Title of the story (1861) by N. G. Pomyalovsky. Used to mean: life without high goals, aspirations, filled with small, everyday worries, acquisitions, etc.
A million torments
Chatsky’s words in A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824):
Yes, there is no urine: a million torments
Breasts from friendly vices,
Feet from shuffling, ears from exclamations,
And worse than my head from all sorts of trifles.
The expression became popular thanks to the widely known article “A Million Torments” (1872) by writer Ivan Goncharov (1812–1891), who reinterpreted Griboyedov’s expression in it in the spirit of his time - spiritual, moral torment.
It is used humorously and ironically: in relation to all kinds of nervous, long, varied efforts, as well as to heavy thoughts and doubts regarding some important matter.
Pass us away more than all sorrows
And lordly anger and lordly love
Quote from A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”, words from the maid Lisa. Allegorically: it is better to stay away from the special attention of people on whom you depend, since there is only one step from their love to their hatred.
Mitrofan
Main actor comedy “The Minor” (1782) by D.I. Fonvizin - a stupid landowner’s son, a spoiled minor, a lazy person, incapable of learning. His name became a household name for people of this type.
I don't care about your gift
Dear your love
Expression from the Russian folk song “On the Pavement Street”:
Oh, my darling is good,
Chernobrov, soul, handsome,
He brought me a gift,
Dear gift,
A gold ring from the hand.
Your gift is not dear to me, -
Dear is your love.
I don't want to wear a ring
I want to love my friend like that.
The meaning of the expression: what is important is not the cost and sophistication of the gift, but the feelings that it is intended to express.
My universities
The title of an autobiographical story (1923) by M. Gorky; He calls the school of life he went through universities.
The expression is often used by replacing the word “my” with another that suits the occasion.
Young everywhere at we are dear
Quote from “Song of the Motherland” in the film “Circus” (1936), text by V. I. Lebedev-Kumach, music by I. O. Dunaevsky. It is used both literally and ironically, depending on the situation.
Milk rivers and jelly banks
An expression from a Russian folk tale. Used as a figurative definition of a carefree, free life.
Molchalin. Silence
Molchalin is a character in A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), a type of careerist, obsequious and modest before his superiors; He defines his virtues in two words: “moderation and accuracy.” His name and the word “silence” that arose from it became synonymous with careerism and servility.
Moscow... so much in this sound
For the Russian heart it has merged!
How much resonated with him!
Quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” (1831) by A. S. Pushkin. Expresses admiration for the capital of Russia, historical, national characteristics Moscow, its appearance.
We all learned a little,
Something and somehow
Quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” (1831) by A. S. Pushkin. Used when talking about amateurism, shallow, superficial knowledge in any area.
We cannot wait for favors from nature; taking them from her is our task
The expression belongs to the Soviet biologist-geneticist breeder I.V. Michurin (1855–1935), who in practice, on a large scale, showed the possibility of changing the hereditary forms of organisms, adapting them to human needs. Quoted ironically about the absurd, objectively harmful plans for the interests of humanity to “conquer” nature. The phrase is a symbol of consumer attitude towards nature.
We plowed
Quote from the fable by I. I. Dmitriev (1760–1837) “The Fly” (1803):
The ox with the plow trudged through his labors to rest,
And the Fly sat on his horns,
And they met Mukha on the way.
“Where are you from, sister?” – this was the question.
And she, raising her nose,
In response he says to her: “Where from?” –
We were plowing!”
The quote is used to characterize people who want to show that they took an active part in some work, although in reality their role was insignificant and they attribute to themselves the merits of others.
We were born to make a fairy tale come true
Quote from the poem by P. D. German (1894–1952) “Everything Higher,” dedicated to Soviet pilots:
We were born to make a fairy tale come true,
Overcome space and space.
The mind gave us steel arms - wings,
And instead of a heart there is a fiery motor...
The poem set to music gained wide popularity, and its first line became famous. Used ironically in relation to discredited socialist doctrines and political slogans. Also used as humorous self-praise.
N
To grandfather's village
In A. P. Chekhov’s story “Vanka” (1886), a nine-year-old peasant boy, Vanka Zhukov, brought from the village to Moscow and apprenticed to a shoemaker, writes a letter to his grandfather. “Vanka folded the covered sheet of paper into four and put it in an envelope he had bought the day before for a penny... After thinking a little, he dipped his pen and wrote the address: “To grandfather’s village.” Then he scratched himself, thought and added: “To Konstantin Makarych.” The expression “to grandfather’s village” is used jokingly when talking about an inaccurate address or its absence.
At the bottom
“At the Bottom” is the title of M. Gorky’s play, first staged at the Moscow Art Theater on December 18, 1902. The first edition of the play, published the same year in Munich, was entitled “At the Bottom of Life.” According to I. A. Bunin, Leonid Andreev advised Gorky to give the play the title “At the Bottom” instead of “At the Bottom of Life”.
These expressions are used when talking about the lowest rung of the social ladder, about the actual “dropping out” of normal life.
At the dawn of foggy youth
Quote from the poem “Separation” (1840) by A. V. Koltsov (1809–1842), set to music by A. Gurilev (1803–1858) and other composers. Used to mean: once upon a time, a long time ago.
Cuts the soles as you go
The expression originated from a Russian folk tale about thieves. The old thief agreed to take a young guy as his comrade, but with a persuasion: “I’ll take it... if you steal eggs from under a wild duck, you’ll steal them so that she won’t hear and won’t fly from the nest.” - “What a curiosity!” – the guy answered. So they set off together, found a duck’s nest and crawled towards it on their belly. While the uncle (thief) was still creeping up, the guy had already taken all the eggs from the nest, and so cunningly that the bird did not even move a feather; Yes, not only did he pick out the eggs, but in passing he cut out the soles of the old thief’s boots. “Well, Vanka, there’s nothing to teach you, you’re a great master yourself!” This is how they jokingly talk about a cunning, cunning person, capable of fraudulent tricks.
The song helps us build and live
Quote from the “March of the Cheerful Guys”, words by V. I. Lebedev-Kumach, music by I. O. Dunaevsky from the film “Merry Guys” (1934).
The people are silent
The tragedy of A. S. Pushkin “Boris Godunov” (1831) ends with the following scene: boyar Masalsky, one of the murderers of Boris Godunov’s widow and her son, announces to the people: “People! Maria Godunova and her son Theodore poisoned themselves. We saw their dead bodies. (The people are silent in horror.) Why are you silent? Shout: long live Tsar Dimitri Ivanovich! (The people are silent.)"
The last remark, having become a catchphrase, is used when it comes to: 1. About the resigned obedience of the people to the authorities, about the lack of desire, will, and courage to defend their interests. 2. About the silence of those present when discussing an important issue.
Our regiment has arrived
An expression from the ancient “game” song “And we sowed millet,” known in many versions. This expression, as a rule, is used to mean: there have been more people like us (in some respect).
Doesn't dance
The expression is used to mean: it doesn’t work out, it doesn’t work out as it should. It arose from N.V. Gogol’s story “The Enchanted Place” (1832). The old grandfather, tipsy, started dancing, “went to kick horseradish all over the smooth place that was near the cucumber bed. However, I had only just reached halfway and wanted to take a walk and throw some of my things into the whirlwind with my feet - my legs wouldn’t rise, and that’s all!.. I accelerated again, reached the middle - it wouldn’t take me! whatever you do: it doesn’t take it, and it doesn’t take it! Legs like wooden steel. “Look, this is a devilish place! Look, a satanic obsession!..” He set off again and began scratching fractionally, finely, to look at; to the middle - no! doesn’t dance, that’s all!”
Don't tempt me unnecessarily
Quote from a poem by E. A. Baratynsky (1800–1844) "Disbelief" (1821), set to music by M. I. Glinka (1825):
Don't tempt me unnecessarily
The return of your tenderness.
Alien to the disappointed
All the illusions of former days!
Ironically about your lack of faith in someone’s promises, assurances, etc.
It didn't fit in
This is how in the old days they talked about “movable property” (especially domestic animals), the acquisition of which ended in failure (the dishes broke, the horse died, etc.).
This expression is associated with the belief in brownies, who, according to our distant ancestors, were in charge of the entire “house and yard” and were their secret masters. Then “it didn’t fit in” meant: the brownie didn’t like it.
Nowadays the expression “out of place” is used in the sense of “inopportunely, not to one’s liking.”
Without further ado
An expression from A. S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Boris Godunov” (1831), scene “Night. Cell in the Chudov Monastery”, words of the chronicler Pimen:
Describe without further ado,
All that you will witness in life.
The expression is used to mean: no frills, simple.
Inspiration is not for sale
But you can sell the manuscript
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Conversation between a bookseller and a poet” (1825). Used to mean: the commercial interest of the artist does not contradict the freedom of his creativity.
Slurping not salty
The origin of this expression is due to the fact that salt in Rus' was an expensive and difficult to obtain product. The owner always salted the food: the one he loved and respected received more salt, but the humble visitor sometimes received no salt at all. Today, “having a half-slurp” means “having been deceived in your expectations, not achieving what you wanted, having met with a bad reception.”
I don't want to study, I want to get married
The words of Mitrofanushka from the comedy “The Minor” (1782) by D. I. Fonvizin: “The hour of my will has come: I don’t want to study, I want to get married.” Quoted as an ironic commentary on the sentiments of idle, lazy, narrow-minded teenagers interested only in entertainment.
The sky is in diamonds
An expression from A. P. Chekhov’s play “Uncle Vanya” (1897). Sonya, consoling Uncle Vanya, tired and exhausted by life, says: “We will rest! We will hear the angels, we will see the whole sky in diamonds, we will see how all the evil on earth, all our suffering will drown in mercy, which will fill the whole world, and our life will become quiet, gentle, sweet, like a caress.”
The phrase is usually used humorously and ironically as a symbol of unattainable harmony, peace, happiness, and fulfillment of desires.
Break a leg
This expression was originally used as a “spell” designed to deceive evil spirits. This is how they advised those going hunting; it was believed that by directly wishing good luck one could “jinx” the prey. Rude answer: “To hell with it!” should have further protected the hunter.
No one will embrace the immensity
Aphorism from “Fruits of Thoughts” (1854) by Kozma Prutkov.
Nothing is new [eternal] under the moon
From the poem “Experienced Solomon’s Wisdom, or Selected Thoughts from Ecclesiastes” (1797) by N. M. Karamzin:
There's nothing new under the sun:
What is, has been, will forever be.
And before, blood flowed like a river,
And before, a man cried...
In the first line, Karamzin used a popular Latin expression, well known in Russia both in the Russian translation and in the original language: Nil novi sub luna - nothing new under the sun.
Karamzin’s work itself is a poetic imitation of the famous biblical text: “What was, that will be; and what has been done will be done, and there is nothing new under the sun. There is something about which they say: “Look, this is new,” but This it was already in the centuries that came before us..."
Nozdrev. Nozdrevshchina
One of the heroes of N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” (1842): “Everyone has had to meet a lot of such people. They are called broken little ones... In their faces you can always see something open, direct, and daring. They soon get to know each other, and before you know it, they’re already saying “you.” They will make friendship, it seems, forever; but it almost always happens that the friend will fight with them that same evening at a friendly party. They are always talkers, carousers, reckless people, prominent people... The closer someone got along with him, he was the more likely to make trouble for everyone: he spread a tall tale, more stupid than which it is difficult to invent, upset a wedding, a trade deal, and did not at all consider himself your enemy... Maybe they will call him beaten character, they will say that now Nozdryov is no longer there. Alas! those who speak like this will be unjust. Nozdryov will not leave the world for a long time. He’s everywhere between us and maybe he’s just wearing a different caftan.” His name became synonymous with an empty talker, a gossip, a petty swindler; the word “nozdrevshchina” is synonymous with chatter and boasting.
ABOUT
Oh my friend, Arkady Nikolaich, don’t speak beautifully
An expression from I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” (1862): “Look,” Arkady suddenly said, “a dry maple leaf has come off and is falling to the ground; its movements are completely similar to the flight of a butterfly. Isn't it strange? The saddest and deadest is similar to the most cheerful and alive.” - “Oh, my friend, Arkady Nikolaich! - exclaimed Bazarov. “I ask you one thing: don’t speak beautifully.” Bazarov's phrase characterizes excessive eloquence where simplicity and logical sobriety of judgment are required.
Oblomov. Oblomovism
Oblomov - the hero of the novel of the same name (1859) I. A. Goncharova (1812–1891), a landowner living a sleepy, lazy, inactive life, filled with idle dreams. His friend Stolz, a businessman and practitioner, calls this life “Oblomovism.”
The expressions “Oblomov”, “Oblomovshchina”, the popularity of which was greatly promoted by N. A. Dobrolyubov’s article “What is Oblomovshchina?” (1859), have become synonymous with mental laziness, inactivity, and a passive attitude towards life.
Formed
In L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” (1875), the valet uses this word to encourage his master, Stepan Arkadyevich Oblonsky, who is upset by a quarrel with his wife. This word, used in the sense of “everything will be settled,” which became popular after the appearance of Tolstoy’s novel, was undoubtedly heard by him somewhere. He used it in one of his letters to his wife back in 1866, convincing her not to worry about various everyday troubles. His wife repeated his words in a response letter: “Probably all this will work out.”
An ordinary story
The title of the novel (1847) by I. A. Goncharov, which shows the life path of an enthusiastic provincial dreamer who turned into a calculating careerist official in St. Petersburg. The expression “ordinary story” characterizes stereotyped everyday or psychological situations.
Window to Europe
Expression from the poem by A. S. Pushkin “ Bronze Horseman"(1834):
The city will be founded here
To spite an arrogant neighbor.
Nature destined us here
Open a window to Europe,
Stand with a firm foot by the sea...
In the first note to the poem, A. S. Pushkin considered it important to respect the copyright for the expression “window to Europe” and wrote: “Algarotti said somewhere: “Petersbourg est la fenetre par laquelle la Russie regarde en Europe,” that is, “Petersburg “This is the window through which Russia looks at Europe.”
Grandmother still has horns and legs
A not entirely accurate quote from a song by an unknown author that has appeared in songbooks since 1855:
Once upon a time there lived a gray goat with my grandmother,
Once upon a time there lived a gray goat with my grandmother,
Fuck! that's how! little gray goat!
Grandma loved the goat very much...
The goat decided to take a walk in the forest...
Gray wolves attacked the goat...
The gray wolves ate the goat...
They left grandma's horns and legs.
Used humorously and ironically about someone who has suffered a severe defeat, failure, etc.
Ostap Bender.
Great schemer
In the satirical novels by Ilya Ilf and Yevgeny Petrov “The Twelve Chairs” (1928) and “The Golden Calf” (1931), the main character Ostap Bender, a clever swindler who commits a series of fraudulent tricks, is ironically called the Great Schemer. His name and nickname, the Great Schemer, are applied to people of this type.
From Romulus to the present day
Quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” (1831) by A. S. Pushkin. It is used ironically as a characteristic of a long story about something started from afar, as well as as a definition of something that has existed for a long time (Romulus is the mythical founder of Rome).
From young nails
The expression is found in many monuments of ancient Russian literature, for example, in the “Epistle of Nicephorus, Metropolitan of Kyiv, Vel. Prince Volodymyr" (XII century): "Cleanse from the young nails" and in "The Tale of Uliyaniya of Murom": "Love God from the young nails." Used to mean: from childhood, from a young age.
My breath stole from my throat with joy
Quote from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Crow and the Fox” (1808).
Where are you from, beautiful child?
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s drama “The Mermaid” (1837), with these words the prince addresses the little mermaid.
The popularity of this quote was contributed by the opera by A. S. Dargomyzhsky (1855), written on the plot of Pushkin’s drama. A quote is almost always given ironically, jokingly, as a question to someone who unexpectedly appears.
Shelve
Used in the meaning: to delay the execution of some matter for indefinite time. There are several options for the origin of phraseological units:
- the expression goes back to the times of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a box for petitions was nailed in front of his palace, these petitions were sorted out by the boyars and clerks, many remained unanswered;
- The most insignificant and unhurried petitions and complaints were put into the long drawer of the desk in the Russian offices.
Fathers and Sons
The title of the novel (1862) by I. S. Turgenev, which became in the 19th century. synonymous with discord between two generations – old and young.
Oh, you are heavy, Monomakh’s hat!
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Boris Godunov” (1831), monologue of Boris. “Monomakh” in Greek means a martial artist; a nickname attached to the names of some Byzantine emperors. In Ancient Rus', this nickname was assigned to the Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir (beginning of the 12th century), from whom the Moscow kings traced their origin. Monomakh's cap is the crown with which the Muscovite kings were crowned kings, a symbol of royal power. The above quote characterizes a difficult situation.
Wanderlust
He was overcome with anxiety
Wanderlust
(A very painful property,
Few voluntary cross).
He left his village
Forests and fields solitude...
And he began to wander without a goal.
P
Washing the bones
Used to mean: discuss someone in his absence. The expression goes back to a forgotten rite of reburial: three years after death, the deceased was removed from the grave, the bones were cleaned of decay and buried again. This action was accompanied by memories of the deceased, an assessment of his character, deeds and actions.
Pechorin. Pechorinstvo
The main character of the novel “A Hero of Our Time” (1840) by M. Yu. Lermontov is the embodiment of a social type, characteristic, according to the author, of his time, when deep, strong people could not find a worthy way of self-realization for themselves. The critic V. G. Belinsky wrote about this hero of the post-Decembrist timelessness that he was characterized by “a contradiction between the depth of nature and the pitifulness of actions.”
The name Pechorin has become a household name for the Russian romantic hero of the Byronic type, who is characterized by dissatisfaction with life, skepticism, searching for oneself in this life, suffering from misunderstanding on the part of others and at the same time contempt for them. Hence “Pechorinism” - the desire to imitate Pechorin, to be “interesting”, to play the role of a mysterious, fatal personality.
Feast in Time of Plague
The name of the dramatic scenes (1832) by A. S. Pushkin, the basis for which was a scene from the poem “Plague City” by the English poet John Wilson (1816). Used in the meaning: feast, cheerful, carefree life during some public disaster.
The bad soldier is the one who doesn't think of being a general.
In the work of A.F. Pogossky (1816–1874) “Soldier’s Notes” (1855), among the aphorisms modeled on proverbs, there is: “A bad soldier is one who does not think of being a general, and even worse is one who thinks too much that will be with him." In Dahl's dictionary there is a proverb: “A thin soldier who does not hope to be a general” (cf. “Every French soldier carries a marshal’s baton in his knapsack”). It is usually used to encourage, encourage someone in his enterprise, bold plan, idea.
Plyushkin. Plyushkinism
One of the heroes of N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” (1842), a miserly landowner whose stinginess reached the point of mania. His name became a household word for people of this type, and the word “Plyushkinism” became a synonym for morbid stinginess.
At the behest of the pike, at my desire [request]
An expression from a Russian folk tale: a wonderful pike, caught by Emelya, was released by him, for this she made it so that any of his wishes were fulfilled, he only had to say: “By the pike’s command, according to my desire, let this and that be.” -That". Used in the meaning: miraculously, as if by itself.
Success is never blamed
These words are attributed to Catherine II (1729–1796), who allegedly expressed herself this way when A.V. Suvorov was put on trial by military court for the assault on Turtukai in 1773, which he undertook against the orders of Field Marshal Rumyantsev.
However, the story about Suvorov’s arbitrary actions and about his being put on trial is refuted by serious researchers and belongs to the realm of anecdotes.
Verify harmony with algebra
An expression from A. S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Mozart and Salieri” (1832), from Salieri’s monologue:
Craft
I set the foundation for art:
I became a craftsman: fingers
Gave obedient, dry fluency
And loyalty to the ear. Killing the sounds
I tore apart the music like a corpse.
I trusted harmony with algebra.
Then he already dared, experienced in science,
Indulge in the bliss of a creative dream.
Used ironically to refer to the hopeless attempt to judge artistic creativity based only on rationality, to the exclusion of feelings.
The Insidious Truth
Used to mean: the true essence of something. One of the types of torture in Ancient Rus' was that needles, nails or wooden wedges were driven under the fingernails of the interrogated person in order to force him to tell the whole truth. The expression “find out all the ins and outs” is also connected with this.
Wait a bit,
You too will have a rest
Quote from M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem “From Goethe” (1840):
Mountain peaks
They sleep in the darkness of the night;
Quiet Valleys
Full of fresh darkness;
The road is not dusty,
The sheets don't tremble...
Wait a bit,
You too will have a rest.
Signed, off your shoulders
Quote from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824). Famusov, in response to the words of his secretary Molchalin that he had brought business papers that required many certificates, says:
I'm afraid, sir, I'm mortally alone,
So that a multitude of them do not accumulate;
If you had given it free rein, it would have settled;
And what matters to me, what doesn’t matter,
My custom is this:
Signed, off your shoulders.
This expression is applied to people who have a superficial, formal attitude to the matter.
After the rain on Thursday
It is believed that this expression is due to the fact that in the old days Thursday was dedicated to Perun, the god of thunder and lightning. Prayers were offered to him for rain, especially during drought. People believed that he should most willingly fulfill requests on “his” day, Thursday. And since these requests often remained unfulfilled, Christians began to be quite skeptical about this deity and, convinced of the futility of such prayers, expressed with this phrase their complete distrust of the god Perun. The expression “after the rain on Thursday” began to be applied to everything unrealizable, to what is unknown when it will come true.
Confound
Used to mean: to confuse, to put in a difficult position. A dead end is still called a “blunt” street, that is, a street or alley that does not have a through passage or passage. In village usage, a dead end meant a corner on the street formed by two wicker fences - wattle fences. Thus, a dead end is something like a trap, making it impossible to either pass or drive forward.
Despicable metal
This expression was widely popularized by I. A. Goncharov’s novel “An Ordinary Story” (1847): “You have an uncle and a friend - do you hear? and if you need service, occupations and despicable metal, feel free to turn to me: you will always find one, and the other, and the third.”
However, the expression was in circulation even before Goncharov’s novel. For example, it is found in “Workshop and Living Room” (1842) by P. Furman and in “Travel Notes of the City of Vedrin” (1843) by A. I. Herzen. Used to mean: money.
Under Tsar Gorokh
An expression used to mean: a very long time ago, in ancient times, “when King Pea fought with mushrooms.”
This habit has been given to us from above:
She is a replacement for happiness
Quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” (1831) by A. S. Pushkin.
Come to the header analysis
It means arriving somewhere too late, when everything is already over. According to ancient Russian custom, when entering a room or church, men took off their hats and folded them at the entrance. Every meeting and gathering ended with a sorting of hats. The latecomer came to the dismantling of hats, that is, to the end.
Those who sat down for a meeting
An expression from a poem by V.V. Mayakovsky (1893–1930) entitled “Our Life. For those who have been sitting" (1922). Allegorically about those who like to organize long and unhelpful meetings, conferences, etc.
Delay is like death
In 1711, before the Prut campaign, Peter I sent a letter to the newly established Senate. Thanks to the senators for their activities, he demanded that they continue not to delay with the necessary orders, “before missing time is like dying irrevocably.” S. M. Solovyov in “History of Russia since ancient times” (1851 –1879), quoting the letter of Peter I dated April 8 1711 G., according to the original, quotes his words in the edition: “Before missing the time of death is like irrevocable death.” The words of Peter I gained popularity in a more concise form: “Delay is like death.”
Bird three
An expression from N. V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” (1842): “Oh, three! bird three, who invented you? to know, you could only have been born among a lively people, in that land that does not like to joke, but has spread out evenly across half the world, and go ahead and count the miles until it hits your eyes. And not a cunning, it seems, road projectile, not grabbed by an iron screw, but hastily equipped and assembled alive by an efficient Yaroslavl man with only an ax and a chisel. The driver is not wearing German boots: he has a beard and mittens, and sits on God knows what; and he stood up and swung, and began to sing - the horses like a whirlwind, the spokes in the wheels mixed into one smooth circle, only the road trembled, and a pedestrian who stopped screamed in fear - and there she rushed, rushed, rushed!.. And you can already see in the distance how something is gathering dust and drilling into the air. Is it not so for you, Rus', that you are rushing along like a brisk, unstoppable troika? The road beneath you smokes, the bridges rattle, everything falls behind and is left behind. The contemplator, amazed by God's miracle, stopped: was this lightning thrown from the sky? What does this terrifying movement mean? and what kind of unknown power is contained in these horses, unknown to the light? Oh, horses, horses, what kind of horses! Are there whirlwinds in your manes? Is there a sensitive ear burning in every vein of yours? They heard a familiar song from above, together and at once tensed their copper breasts and, almost without touching the ground with their hooves, turned into just elongated lines flying through the air, and all inspired by God rushes!.. Rus', where are you rushing? Give an answer. Doesn't give an answer. The bell rings with a wonderful ringing; The air, torn into pieces, thunders and becomes the wind; everything that is on earth flies past, and, looking askance, other peoples and states step aside and give way to it!”
bird tongue
This is how the professor of astronomy at Moscow University D. M. Perevoshchikov (1788–1880) called the scientific and philosophical language of the 1820–1840s, overloaded with terms and formulations that obscure the meaning.
Allegorically: incomprehensible professional jargon, inappropriate in everyday speech, as well as abstruse, artificial, broken language, alien to the rules and norms of the Russian language.
The bullet is a fool, the bayonet is great
Words of the great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov (1730–1800) from the manual for combat training of troops, “The Science of Victory,” written by him in 1796.
Pull the wool over someone's eyes
The expression appeared in the 16th century. Nowadays it is used to mean “to create a false impression of one’s capabilities.” However, the original meaning is different: during fist fights, dishonest fighters took with them bags of sand, which they threw in the eyes of their opponents. In 1726, this technique was prohibited by a special decree.
Go all out
Large bells in Ancient Rus' were called “heavy”. The expression “strike all the bells” meant: ring all the bells at once. This is where the popular expression “go to all kinds of troubles” arose, which is used to mean: to go astray from the correct path in life, to begin to uncontrollably indulge in fun, extravagance, and revelry.
There is another version, which claims that “to go all out” meant “to start a lawsuit, a lawsuit; sue someone."
Let the storm blow harder!
Quote from “Song of the Petrel” (1901) by M. Gorky. Allegorically about the desire for cleansing shocks and changes.
A start to life
Title of the film based on the script (1931) by N. Eck (1902–1976) and A. Stolper (1907–1979). The plot of the film is about former street children, and now residents of a children's labor commune, thanks to skillful educators, finding their way in life and becoming worthy members of society.
Allegorically about something that gives a person reason to hope that an eventful, interesting, organized life awaits him ahead.
R
Broken Trough
From “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish” (1835) by A. S. Pushkin. The expression is used to mean: loss of a brilliant position, broken hopes.
Cut like a nut
The meaning of “to scold, criticize” arose in this phrase on the basis of the older one - “to do (something) very thoroughly and well.” In its original meaning, the expression appeared in the professional speech of carpenters and cabinetmakers and was due to the fact that making walnut furniture from other types of wood required a lot of work and good knowledge of the business.
Get itchy, shoulder!
Swing your hand!
Quote from A. V. Koltsov’s poem “Mower” (1835):
Get itchy, shoulder!
Swing your hand!..
Buzz, scythe,
Like a swarm of bees!
Moloney, braid,
Sparkle all around!
Make some noise, grass,
Podkoshonnaya…
Ironically about the desire to “cut from the shoulder”, to act imprudently, rashly.
Despite reason, despite the elements
Quote from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), words by Chatsky.
Used to mean: contrary to common sense.
Spread your thoughts across the tree
An expression from “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” a monument of Russian literature of the 12th century, first published in 1800: “The prophetic Boyan, if anyone wants to create a song, his thoughts spread across the tree, like a gray fork along the ground, like a crazy eagle under the clouds.” , i.e.: “After all, the prophetic Boyan, if he wanted to compose a song for someone, then his thoughts spread across the tree, like a gray wolf along the ground, like a gray eagle under the clouds.” The expression “thought spread over the tree” received various interpretations among commentators of the Lay. Some consider the word “thought” to be inconsistent with the other two members of the comparison - “a trooper on the ground”, “a crazy eagle under the clouds” - proposing to read “mysiya”, explaining “mys” with the Pskov pronunciation of the word “mouse”; in the Pskov province, even in the 19th century, a squirrel was called a cape. Others do not consider such a replacement necessary, “not seeing the need to bring the symmetry of comparison to the utmost precision.”
Commentators explain the word “tree” as an allegorical tree of wisdom and inspiration: “to spread thoughts along the tree” - to create songs, inspired poetic creations. However, the poetic image of the “Word” of “spreading thoughts along the tree” entered literary speech with a completely different meaning: to go into unnecessary details, distracting from the main idea.
Born to crawl cannot fly
Quote from “Song of the Falcon” by M. Gorky. The final maxim in the fable of I. I. Khemnitser (1745–1784) “The Man and the Cow” coincides with this poetic formula of Gorky. The fable tells how a man, having lost his horse, saddled a cow, which “fell under the rider... no wonder: the cow did not learn to gallop... And therefore it should know: whoever was born to crawl cannot fly.”
Stigma in fluff
An expression from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Fox and the Marmot” (1813). The Fox complains to the Woodchuck that she is suffering in vain and, slandered, was exiled for bribes:
- You know, I was a judge in the chicken coop,
I lost my health and peace in my affairs,
In my labors I didn’t finish eating a bite,
Didn't get enough sleep at night:
And for that I fell into anger;
And everything is based on slander. Well, just think about it:
Who will be right in the world if he listens to slander?
Should I take bribes? Am I going to get mad?
Well, have you seen, I'll go after you,
So that I am involved in this sin?
Think, remember well,
- No, Kumushka; I have often seen
That your stigma is covered in fluff.
The expression is used to mean: to be involved in something criminal, unseemly.
WITH
From the ship to the ball
An expression from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” (1831) by A. S. Pushkin:
And travel for him,
Like everyone else in the world, I'm tired of it,
He returned and hit
Like Chatsky, from the ship to the ball.
This expression characterizes an unexpected, sharp change in situations and circumstances.
With sweetheart paradise and in a hut
Quote from the poem by N. M. Ibragimov (1778–1818) “Russian Song” (“In the evening the maiden is beautiful…”):
Don't look for me, rich man:
You are not dear to my soul.
What do I care about your chambers?
With my dear one, heaven and in the hut!
The meaning of the expression: the main thing in family happiness is not special everyday comfort, but love, mutual understanding, agreement with your loved one.
With the learned air of a connoisseur
Quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” (1831) by A. S. Pushkin:
He had a lucky talent
No coercion in conversation
Touch everything lightly
With the learned air of a connoisseur
To remain silent in an important dispute...
With feeling, with sense, with arrangement
Quote from A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824):
Don't read like a sexton
And with feeling, with sense, with arrangement.
The legend is fresh, but hard to believe
Quote from A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824):
How to compare and see
The present century and the past:
The legend is fresh, but hard to believe.
Northern Palmyra
Palmyra is a city in Syria that arose in the 1st millennium BC. e. In ancient times it was famous for the splendor of its buildings. Northern Palmyra is the figurative name of St. Petersburg.
Homemade truth
An expression by Ostap Bender, the main character of the novel by I. Ilf and E. Petrov “The Golden Calf” (1931), used by him to mean: deep folk wisdom (homespun - dressed in homespun, peasant clothes made of coarse undyed homespun cloth).
There is no stronger beast than a cat
Quote from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Mouse and the Rat” (1816).
- Neighbor, have you heard a good rumor? –
Running in, the Rat Mouse said:
After all, the cat, they say, fell into the claws of a lion?
Now it’s time for us to relax!
Do not rejoice, my light, -
The Rat says in response to her: -
And don’t hope in vain!
If it reaches their claws,
That is true, the lion will not be alive:
There is no stronger beast than a cat!”
Megillah
The expression arose from a “boring” fairy tale, which is used to tease children who pester them with a request to tell them a fairy tale: “Shall I tell you a fairy tale about a white bull? - Tell. - You tell me, and I’ll tell you, and should I tell you a fairy tale about a white bull? - Tell. - You tell me, and I’ll tell you, how long it will take us, and how long it will last! Should I tell you a fairy tale about a white bull? etc., until one gets tired of asking and the other of answering. The expression is used to mean: endless repetition of the same thing.
Skalozub
The protagonist of A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), a colonel, a representative of the rude army of Tsarist Russia, an ignorant and self-satisfied careerist. His name became synonymous with a rude ignoramus, a martinet.
Scandal in a noble family
Under this name, an anonymous vaudeville was staged in Moscow in 1874, the plot of which was borrowed from the German comedy “Der liebe Onkel” (“Moskovskie Vedomosti”, October 1. 1874 G.). Vaudeville was published, also anonymously, in 1875 in St. Petersburg. The author of Russian vaudeville, and therefore the expression “scandal in a noble family,” is N. I. Kulikov (1815–1891). This vaudeville remained in the theatrical repertoire for a long time, and its name became a catchphrase.
Skotinin
The protagonist of D. I. Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor” (1782), a type of ignorant and rude landowner-serf, whose surname characterizes his bestial nature. His name became a household name for people of this type.
Stingy Knight
The hero of the drama of the same name (1836) by A. S. Pushkin, a synonym for a miser, a miser.
They won’t say a word in simplicity, everything is with an antics
Quote from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), words by Famusov.
You can't spot the elephant
The expression arose from the fable “The Curious” (1814) by I. A. Krylov. A visitor to the Kunstkamera saw small insects there, but when asked: “Did you see an elephant?” - answers: “I didn’t even notice the elephant.” The expression “not noticing the elephant” is used to mean: not noticing the most important, important thing.
I'd be happy to serve, but being served is sickening
Quote from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), the words of Chatsky, who, in response to Famusov’s offer to go to serve, thus defines his attitude towards the service.
It's really not a sin to laugh
Above everything that seems funny
Quote from N. M. Karamzin’s poem “Message to Alexander Alekseevich Pleshcheev” (1796):
Who calls on the muses out of boredom?
And gentle graces, their companions;
Amuses me with poetry and prose
Yourself, family and strangers;
Laughs from the heart
(It’s really not a sin to laugh!)
Above everything that seems funny -
He will get along with the world in peace
And he will not end his days
With sharp iron or poison...
Look at the root!
Aphorism (1854) by Kozma Prutkov.
Sobakevich
One of the heroes of N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” (1842), a type of rude landowner.
His name became synonymous with money-grubbing, a rude person who is unkind to everyone, and also a retrograde.
The sun of Russian poetry
A figurative definition of the meaning of the great Russian poet A. S. Pushkin. This expression is from a short notice of the poet’s death, published on January 30, 1837 in No. 5 of “Literary Additions” to “Russian Invalid”: “The sun of our poetry has set! Pushkin died, died in the prime of his life, in the midst of his great career!.. We have no strength to talk about this anymore, and there is no need: every Russian heart knows the full price of this irretrievable loss, and every Russian heart will be torn to pieces. Pushkin! our poet! our joy, our national glory!.. Is it really true that we no longer have Pushkin! You can’t get used to this thought! January 29th 2:45 pm.” The author of this notice was considered to be journalist A. A. Kraevsky, editor of Literary Additions. However, from S.N. Karamzina’s letter to her brother it is clear that in fact the author of this notice is V.F. Odoevsky.
Broke!
The expression became popular after the production (1855) of the comedy by A. V. Sukhovo-Kobylin (1817–1903) “Krechinsky’s Wedding.” This is how the hero of the comedy Krechinsky exclaims when all the frauds he cunningly invented failed and the police came to arrest him.
Sleeveless (work)
This is what they say about carelessly, lazily, haphazardly performed work. In Ancient Rus' they wore outerwear with exorbitantly long sleeves, the unrolled ends of which fell to the knees, or even to the ground. Naturally, without lifting up such sleeves, there was no point in thinking about work. Close to this expression is the second, opposite in meaning and born later: “Work with your sleeves rolled up,” that is, decisively, ardently, with zeal.
Tearing off all kinds of masks
From the article “Leo Tolstoy, as a mirror of the Russian revolution” (1908) by V. I. Lenin. Revealing the “screaming contradictions” in Tolstoy’s work, he wrote: “On the one hand, the most sober realism, tearing off all kinds of masks; on the other hand, the preaching of one of the most vile things in the world, namely: religion, the desire to put in place priests by official position, priests by moral conviction, i.e., the cultivation of the most refined and therefore especially disgusting priesthood.”
Allegorically: accusatory sentiments and corresponding actions.
Picking flowers of pleasure
An expression from N. V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” (1836), words by Khlestakov: “I love to eat. After all, you live to pick flowers of pleasure.” Used to mean: selfishly, carelessly enjoy the pleasures of life, without thinking about your family or social duty.
Stand before me like a leaf before the grass!
An expression from a Russian folk tale. Ivanushka the Fool calls on his magic horse with a spell: “Sivka-Burka, prophetic Kaurko, stand in front of me like a leaf in front of the grass.” The expression is used to mean: appear instantly!
Concealed
The word was introduced into literary speech by F. M. Dostoevsky. It first appeared in his story “The Double” in 1843, used in the meaning of “to fall silent, to wilt, to hide unnoticed, to hide furtively.”
Fate plays with man
A phrase from the song “The Moscow fire was noisy, the fire was burning,” which is an adaptation of the poem “He” (i.e. Napoleon) by N. S. Sokolov (1850).
Happy is he who has visited this world
In fatal moments
Quote from the poem by F. I. Tyutchev (1803–1873) “Cicero” (1836). In ed. "Tyutchev. Lyrics" (1965): "Blessed is he who visited..."
Happy hours don't watch
Quote from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824). This expression can be associated with the words from the drama “Piccolomini” (1800) by Schiller: “Die Uhr schlagt keinem Gliicklihen” (“The clock does not strike for a happy person”).
Sons of Lieutenant Schmidt
The first two chapters of the satirical novel “The Golden Calf” by I. Ilf and E. Petrov (1931) tell about clever swindlers who extract various benefits by posing as the sons of Lieutenant Schmidt, the leader of the revolutionary uprising of sailors in Sevastopol in 1905, who was shot by the verdict of the royal court. The name “sons of Lieutenant Schmidt,” which has become popular, is applied to rogues of this type.
The fuss flared up
The expression “the damp forest caught fire” comes from the proverb “The damp forest caught fire because of a pine tree,” which means that big trouble can arise from a mere trifle.
A plot worthy of Aivazovsky's brush
Quote from A.P. Chekhov’s play “Uncle Vanya” (1897). Telegin pronounces this phrase. In response to the words of the old nanny about Voinitsky’s quarrel with Serebryakov: “Just now they made a noise, there was gunfire - it’s a disgrace,” he remarks: “Yes, a plot worthy of Aivazovsky’s brush.” Before Chekhov, this expression was already found in journalism of the 1860s and 1870s, and in a slightly different form - “worthy of someone’s brush” - it was in use before; for example, in Pushkin, in a note in “Lit. gaz.”, 1830, we read: “The image of Sorvantsov [in “A Conversation with Princess Khaldina” by Fonvizin] is worthy of the brush that painted the Prostakov family.”
T
Table of ranks
This is the name of the list of ranks of the military, civil and court departments established by the law of Peter I (1722) on the procedure for public service in Russia. Allegorically: a comparative assessment of merit in a certain field of professional activity.
So he wrote darkly and languidly
Quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin (1828), characteristics of the poems by Vladimir Lensky:
So he wrote darkly and languidly,
(What we call romanticism,
Although there is no romanticism here
I don’t see...)
Theater begins with a hanger
An aphorism by one of the founders of the Moscow Art Theater K. S. Stanislavsky (1863–1938). There is no such aphorism in his writings, but oral rumor attributes it to him. A phrase close in thought to this aphorism is found in a letter from K. S. Stanislavsky to the Moscow Art Theater cloakroom workshop dated January 23, 1933. Replying “to a greeting on the day of his seventieth birthday, he wrote: “Our Art Theater differs from many other theaters in that In it, the performance begins from the moment you enter the theater building. You are the first to greet the arriving spectators..."
Dark Kingdom
This is the title of an article (1859) by N. A. Dobrolyubov, dedicated to the analysis of A. N. Ostrovsky’s plays. Talking about various types merchant tyranny depicted by Ostrovsky, Dobrolyubov made a generalization and showed the life of feudal Russia as a “dark kingdom”, “a stinking dungeon”, “a world of dull aching pain, a world of prison, deathly silence.” “Nothing sacred, nothing pure, nothing right in this dark world: the tyranny that dominates it, wild, insane, wrong, has driven away all consciousness of honor and right... And they cannot exist where human dignity has been thrown into dust and brazenly trampled by tyrants, personal freedom, faith in love and happiness and the sanctity of honest work.” The expression “dark kingdom,” after the appearance of Dobrolyubov’s article, began to mean not only the world of tyrant merchants or a dark and inert environment in general, but became a symbol of autocratic-serf Russia (see A ray of light in the dark kingdom).
Timurovets
The hero of the story by Arkady Gaidar (pseudonym of A.P. Golikov, 1904–1941) “Timur and his team” (1940), the pioneer Timur decides, together with the team of his peers assembled by him, to take care of the families of soldiers who went to the Red Army. The story of Gaidar, who managed to see the extraordinary in Everyday life, gave birth to a social movement of Timurites among schoolchildren, who emulate in their behavior the brave, active, honest and generous Timur. The hero of the story became a model for numerous young patriots who helped the Motherland during the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War.
Peck on the tongue
Pip is a small horny tubercle on the tip of a bird's tongue that helps them peck food. The growth of this tubercle may be a sign of illness. Painful, hard pimples can also appear on a person's tongue; They were also called tipuns and considered a sign of deceit. From these observations and superstitions an incantatory formula was born: “Tip on your tongue!” Its main meaning was: “You are a liar: let a pip appear on your tongue!” Now the meaning of this spell has changed somewhat. “Tip your tongue!” - an ironic wish to the one who expressed an unkind thought, predicted something unpleasant.
The darkness of low truths is dearer to me
The deception that exalts us
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Hero” (1831).
U
In the middle of nowhere
The expression means: very far away, somewhere in the wilderness. Kulichki is a modified dialect word kulizhki (from kulig) meaning “ forest clearings; places burned, cut down and adapted for cultivation, as well as islands in the swamp.” Kulizhki were, as a rule, far from villages and villages, hence the meaning of the expression: “in the middle of nowhere” - very far, no one knows where.
Terrible century, terrible hearts
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s drama “The Miserly Knight” (1836). Sometimes it is quoted inaccurately: instead of “terrible” - “iron”.
Mind, honor and conscience of our era
From the article “Political Blackmail” (1917) by V.I. Lenin, in which he characterizes his party (the Bolsheviks) this way. Speaking against the Russian press of a different, non-Bolshevik orientation, calling its journalists “blackmailers” and “slanderers,” V. I. Lenin wrote: “We will be steadfast in branding blackmailers. We will be adamant in examining the slightest doubts in the court of class-conscious workers, in the court of our party; we believe in it, in it we see the intelligence, honor and conscience of our era...”
Quoted ironically about a party that claims leadership, special moral qualities, special knowledge.
Uma ward
The word “chamber” in Old Russian meant a large room in a stone building. Then it began to be applied to various institutions located in such vast buildings: the Armory Chamber, the Chamber of Facets... All sorts of meetings usually took place in the chambers, the boyars “thought about the sovereign’s Duma” in them. This is where the expression “mind chamber” arose, depicting a person equal in intelligence to a whole collection of sages. Later, however, it acquired an ironic meaning: now they say this more often about fools than about smart people.
Moderation and accuracy
With these words in A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), Molchalin defines his two virtues.
Humiliated and insulted
The title of the novel (1861) by F. M. Dostoevsky. The expression is used as a characteristic of people who suffer from the arbitrariness of officials, powerful of the world this, from difficult living conditions, etc.
A helpful fool is more dangerous than an enemy
An expression from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Hermit and the Bear” (1808):
Although the service is dear to us in need,
But not everyone knows how to tackle it:
God forbid you contact a fool!
A helpful fool is more dangerous than an enemy.
Study, study and study
A slogan that arose from V. I. Lenin’s article “Less is better” (1923): “We must at all costs set ourselves the task of updating our state apparatus: firstly, to study, secondly, to study and thirdly, to study and then make sure that science in our country does not remain a dead letter or a fashionable phrase (and this, to be honest, happens especially often in our country), so that science really enters into flesh and blood, turns into an integral element of everyday life completely and truly."
F
Famusov
The protagonist of A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), an important Moscow gentleman holding the post of “manager in a government place,” a bureaucrat-careerist, obsequious to those above him and arrogant towards his subordinates. Some commentators explained his surname as derived from the Latin word fama (rumor); others explain its origin from English word famous (famous, famous). This name has become a household name for people of this type.
Physicists and lyricists
An expression contrasting the importance of physicists-scientists working in the field of exact sciences with the importance of poets arose from the so-titled poem by B. Slutsky, published in the Literary Gazette on October 13, 1959.
Filka's certificate
The author of this expression is considered to be Tsar Ivan IV, popularly nicknamed the Terrible for his mass executions and murders. To strengthen his power, Ivan the Terrible introduced oprichnina, which terrified all of Rus'. In this regard, Moscow Metropolitan Philip, in his numerous messages to the Tsar - letters - sought to convince Grozny to dissolve the oprichnina. Grozny contemptuously called the obstinate Metropolitan Filka, and his letters - Filka letters. For his bold denunciations of Ivan the Terrible and his guardsmen, Metropolitan Philip was imprisoned in the Tverskoy Monastery, where he was strangled by Malyuta Skuratov. The expression “filkina’s letter” has taken root among the people. At first they simply talked about documents that had no legal force. And now it also means “ignorant, poorly drafted document.”
Frenchman from Bordeaux
An expression from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), words by Chatsky:
In that room there is an insignificant meeting:
The Frenchman from Bordeaux, pushing his chest,
Gathered around him a kind of evening
And he told how he was preparing for the journey
To Russia, to the barbarians, with fear and tears...
Used ironically to address some arrogant, boastful foreigners.
X
Khlestakov, Khlestakovism
The hero of N. V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” (1836) is a liar and a braggart. His name became a household name; “Khlestakovism”, “Khlestakovism” is a shameless, boastful lie.
Walking through torments [ordeals]
The expression goes back to the ancient Christian belief in the souls of dead sinners going through torments, or “ordeals,” for forty days, when demons subject them to all sorts of tortures.
In the Soviet press this expression became especially popular after the appearance of A. N. Tolstoy’s (1882/83-1945) trilogy “Walking through Torment” (1920–1941) from the era of the Civil War, which tells about the painful ideological quest of its heroes and the difficult trials that befell them. Denotes heavy, varied life trials, one after another that befell someone.
Economic man
The title of an essay by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin from the series “Little Things in Life” (1886). In the person of the “economic peasant,” Saltykov depicts the type of “honest,” “reasonable” middle peasant whose only goal in life is to create personal prosperity.
Although the eye can see, the tooth is numb
Quote from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Fox and the Grapes” (1808). Already in the middle of the 19th century. this expression was considered a folk proverb and was included in collections of Russian folklore.
At least there's a stake on your head
This is what they say about a stubborn, unpersuasible or indifferent person. To cut a stake means to sharpen a stick (stake) with an axe. The hardness and strength of the head of a stubborn person is emphasized.
Textbook gloss
An expression from V. V. Mayakovsky’s poem “Anniversary” (1924), written for the 125th anniversary of Pushkin’s birth; in this poem, addressing Pushkin, the poet says:
I love you, but alive, not a mummy,
They brought a textbook gloss.
In my opinion, during your lifetime, I think, you also raged.
African!
This expression characterizes the “varnishing” of reality, its embellished image.
C
Princess Nesmeyana
In a Russian folk tale, Princess Nesmeyana is the royal daughter who “never smiled, never laughed, as if her heart was not happy about anything.” This is figuratively called a quiet person, a shy person.
H
What do you want?
This is how M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin named the newspaper “New Time”, which became famous in the 70s and 80s of the 19th century. with its political corruption, unprincipledness and adaptability to the political elite (articles “In an environment of moderation and accuracy”, “The Silent Lord”, “All year round”, etc.). This is a common phrase with which lackeys addressed their masters when awaiting orders.
Man in a case
Title of the story (1898) by A.P. Chekhov.
The main character is the provincial teacher Belikov, who is afraid of any innovations, actions not permitted by the “boss,” as well as reality in general. Hence his favorite expression: “No matter what happens...”. And, as the author writes, Belikov “had a constant and irresistible desire to surround himself with a shell, to create for himself, so to speak, a case that would seclude him and protect him from external influences.”
The author himself began to use this expression as a common noun. In a letter to his sister M.P. Chekhova, he wrote (November 19, 1899): “The November winds are blowing furiously, whistling, tearing roofs. I sleep in a hat, in shoes, under two blankets, with the shutters closed - a man in a case.”
Playfully and ironically: a person who is afraid of bad weather, drafts, unpleasant external influences.
Man - that sounds proud
An expression from M. Gorky’s play “At the Lower Depths” (1902), Satin’s words: “Man! It's great! It sounds... proud! Human! You have to respect the person."
The darker the night, the brighter the stars
Quote from a poem by A. N. Maykov (1821–1897), from a cycle of the 80s of the 19th century. "From Apollodorus the Gnostic":
Don't say there is no salvation
Why are you exhausted in sorrow:
The darker the night, the brighter the stars...
Why are you laughing?
You're laughing at yourself!
Quote from N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” (1836), the words of the Mayor: “Look... look how the mayor is fooled... Not only will you become a laughing stock, but there will be a clicker, a paper maker, who will insert you into the comedy. That's what's offensive! Rank and title will not be spared, and everyone will bare their teeth and clap their hands. Why are you laughing? You’re laughing at yourself!”
Chichikov
The hero of N. V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” (1842), a nosy careerist, sycophant, swindler and money-grubber, outwardly “pleasant”, “decent and worthy person”. His name has become a household name for people of this type.
Reading is the best learning
What to do?
The title of the socio-political novel (1863) by N. G. Chernyshevsky (1828–1889). The novel treats the problems of socialism, the emancipation of women, identifies types of “new people” - revolutionary leaders, and expresses the dream of a happy life in a communist society.
What does the coming day have in store for me?
Quote from the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” (1831) by A. S. Pushkin. This phrase gained wide popularity thanks to P. I. Tchaikovsky’s opera (1878) - Lensky’s aria (“Where, where have you gone, the golden days of my spring...”).
What kind of commission, creator,
To be a father to an adult daughter!
Quote from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), words by Famusov. (The word “commission” here means: troubles, difficulties.)
What we have, we don’t keep, having lost it, we cry
An aphorism from “The Fruits of Thoughts” (1854) by Kozma Prutkov, who repeated the name of the vaudeville (1844) by S. Solovyov.
Whatever happens will be nice
Quote from the poem by A. S. Pushkin “If life deceives you” (1825).
What is good and what is bad
The title of a poem for children (1925) by V. V. Mayakovsky.
Sh
Walked into a room, ended up in another
Quote from A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824); Famusov, finding Molchalin near Sophia’s room, angrily asks him: “You are here, sir, why?” Sophia, justifying Molchalin’s presence, says to Famusov:
I can’t explain your anger in any way.
He lives in the house here, what a great misfortune!
I walked into the room and ended up in another.
Shemyakin court
The expression is used in the meaning: wrong, unfair trial; arose from an old Russian satirical story about the Shemyakina court, which exposed the arbitrariness and selfishness of the feudal court. This story, dedicated to the personality of Prince Dmitry Shemyaka (died in 1453), enjoyed wide popularity; it is preserved in many manuscripts of the 17th and 18th centuries. and served as a subject for popular prints and books.
Inside out
Used to mean: quite the opposite, inside out. “Shivorot” in Muscovite Rus' was the name given to the embroidered collar of boyar clothing, one of the signs of a nobleman’s dignity. In the days of Ivan the Terrible, a boyar who had been subjected to royal wrath and disgrace was often seated on a skinny nag with his back forward, and his clothes were also put on him inside out, topsy-turvy, that is, vice versa. In this form, the disgraced boyar was taken throughout the city, to the whistling and hooting of the street crowd. Now these words are also often used in connection with clothing, meaning to put something on inside out, but their meaning has become much broader. Topsy-turvy, that is, not at all like that, on the contrary, you can tell some story and generally act contrary to generally accepted rules.
My native country is wide
The first line of the chorus of “Songs about the Motherland” from the film “Circus” (1936), words by V. I. Lebedev-Kumach, music by I. O. Dunaevsky.
Let's make noise, brother, make noise
Quote from A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824), words by Repetilov.
I
I don't know any other country like this
Where a person breathes so freely
Lines from the chorus of “Songs about the Motherland” from the film “Circus” (1936), text by V. I. Lebedev-Kumach, music by I. O. Dunaevsky.
I'm going, I'm going, I'm not whistling,
And when I get there, I won’t let you down
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” (1820), canto III.
I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands,
The folk path to it will not be overgrown
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Monument” (1836). The poem goes back to the ode of the Roman poet Horace, from which Pushkin took the epigraph: “Exegi monumentum” (“I erected a monument”). From Pushkin’s poem the expression “monument not made by hands” arose, used to mean: a grateful memory of someone’s deeds.
I am a king - I am a slave, I am a worm – I'm God
Quote from G. R. Derzhavin’s ode “God”, (1784).
The language of native aspens
An expression from an epigram (1884) by I. S. Turgenev to N. X. Ketcher (1809–1886), a translator of Shakespeare, whose translations are distinguished by their exceptional closeness to the original, which often harms poetry:
Here is another luminary of the world!
Catcher, friend of sparkling wines;
He performed Shakespeare for us
In the language of native aspens.
The expression is used ironically to refer to clumsy translations from foreign languages into Russian.
The Russian language is rich and powerful with its long history. And each era brought something of its own to this language. And such expressions have come down to us that absolutely everyone knows, for example, to freeze stupidity or set horns, and everyone knows what they mean, but only a few know where they came from. Read more about the origin of these and other catchphrases in this article..
Freeze stupidity
This expression appeared thanks to gentlemen high school students. The fact is that the word “moros” translated from Greek means “stupidity”. This is what the teachers said to the careless students when, out of ignorance of the lesson, they began to talk nonsense: “You are talking nonsense.” Then the words were rearranged - and it turned out that out of ignorance the schoolchildren “were freezing stupidity.”
Big boss
Do you remember the picture “Barge Haulers on the Volga,” how in it the barge haulers are dragging the barge with all their strength? The heaviest and most important place in this burden is the place of the first barge hauler. He sets the initiative, he directs the rest. Therefore, this place was occupied by the most strong man. This man in a burlatka harness was called a “big shot.” This means that a “big shot” is a big and important person.
Alive Smoking Room
In the old days in Rus' there was such a game: everyone sat in a circle, someone lit a torch - and then it was passed around the circle from hand to hand. At the same time, everyone present sang a song: “The Smoking Room is alive, alive, alive, not dead...” And so on until the torch burned. The one in whose hands the torch went out lost. Since then, this expression began to be applied to those people and sometimes things that, it would seem, should have disappeared a long time ago, but despite everything continued to exist.
And prove that you are not a camel
This phrase became very popular after the publication of the next series of the zucchini, “Thirteen Chairs.” There was a miniature where Mr. Director talks with Mr. Himalayan about a camel recently brought to the circus. The accompanying documents read: “We are sending a Bactrian camel to your circus and Himalayan”, i.e. the surname of Pan Himalayan was written with a small letter. Fearing bureaucratic checks, Mr. Director demands a certificate from Mr. Himalayan stating that he is not actually a camel. This so vividly ridiculed the role of the bureaucratic machine in our country that the expression very quickly spread to the people and became popular. Now we say this when we are asked to prove obvious things.
Not at ease
In French, “asiet” is both a plate and a mood, a state. They say that at the beginning of the 19th century, a certain translator, while translating a French play, translated the phrase “buddy, you’re out of sorts” as “you’re out of sorts.” Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov, who was an avid theatergoer, of course, could not ignore such a brilliant blunder and put an illiterate phrase into Famusov’s mouth: “My dear! You're out of your element. I need sleep from the road." With the light hand of Alexander Sergeevich, the crazy phrase took on meaning and took root in the Russian language for a long time.
Add the first number
In the old days, schoolchildren were often flogged, often without any fault of the person being punished. If the mentor showed special zeal, and the student suffered especially hard, he could be freed from further vices in the current month, until the first day of the next month. This is how the expression “pour in the first number” arose.
And it's a no brainer
The source of the expression “It’s a no brainer” is Mayakovsky’s poem (“It’s even a no brainer – / This Petya was a bourgeois”). The wide spread of this phrase was facilitated by the use of this phrase in the Strugatskys’ story “The Land of Crimson Clouds,” and it also became common in Soviet boarding schools for gifted children. They recruited teenagers who had two years left to study (classes A, B, C, D, D) or one year (classes E, F, I). Pupils of the one-year stream were called “hedgehogs”. When they arrived at the boarding school, the two-year students were already ahead of them in the non-standard program, so at the beginning of the school year the expression “no brainer” was very relevant.
Give the go-ahead
In the pre-revolutionary alphabet, the letter D was called “good.” The flag corresponding to this letter in the code of signals of the navy means “yes, I agree, I authorize.” This is what gave rise to the expression “give the go-ahead.” The derivative expression “Customs gives the go-ahead” first appeared in the film “White Sun of the Desert.”
Fly like plywood over Paris
It would not be an exaggeration to say that everyone has heard the expression “Fly like plywood over Paris.” The meaning of this phraseological unit can be conveyed as a missed opportunity to do or get something, to be out of work, to fail. But where did this saying come from? In 1908 year, the famous French aviator Auguste Fanier, making a demonstration flight over Paris, crashed into the Eiffel Tower and died. After which the famous Menshevik Martov wrote in Iskra that “the tsarist regime is flying to its death as quickly as Mr. Fanier over Paris "The Russian perceived this maxim somewhat differently, changing the name of the foreign aviator to plywood. This is where the expression “fly like plywood over Paris” came from
We use ancient sayings and various catchphrases in everyday life, sometimes without even knowing the history of the origin of such catchphrases. We all know the meanings of many of these phrases from childhood and use these expressions appropriately; they came to us unnoticed and became entrenched in our culture for centuries. Where did these phrases and expressions come from?
But every folk wisdom has its own story, nothing appears out of nowhere. Well, it will be very interesting for you to find out where these catchphrases and expressions, proverbs and sayings came from!
Read also our material Russian folk superstitions, about the history of the origin of popular signs and superstitions - very interesting!
Where did the expressions come from?
bosom friend
“Pour over your Adam’s apple” is a rather ancient expression; in ancient times it literally meant “to get drunk”, “to drink a lot of alcohol.” The phraseological unit “bosom friend”, formed since then, is used to this day and means the closest friend.
Money doesn't smell
The roots of this expression should be sought in Ancient Rome. The son of the Roman Emperor Vespasian once reproached his father for introducing a tax on public toilets. Vespasian showed his son the money received into the treasury from this tax and asked him if the money smelled. The son sniffed and gave a negative answer.
Washing the bones
The expression dates back to ancient times. Some peoples believed that an unrepentant damned sinner, after his death, emerges from the grave and turns into a ghoul or vampire and destroys everyone who gets in his way. And in order to remove the spell, it is necessary to dig up the remains of the dead person from the grave and wash the bones of the deceased with clean water. Now the expression “washing the bones” means nothing more than dirty gossip about a person, a pseudo-analysis of his character and behavior.
Breathing on its last legs
Christian custom required that the dying were confessed by priests before death, and also that they received communion and burned incense. The expression stuck. Now they say about sick people or poorly functioning devices and equipment: “they are dying.”
Play on your nerves
In ancient times, after doctors discovered the existence of nervous tissue (nerves) in the body, similar to strings musical instruments Nervous tissue was called in Latin by the word string: nervus. From that moment on, an expression came about that means annoying actions - “playing on your nerves.”
vulgarity
The word “vulgarity” is originally Russian, the root of which is derived from the verb “went”. Until the 17th century, this word was used in a good, decent meaning. It meant traditional, familiar in the everyday life of people, that is, what is done according to custom and happened, that is, WENT from time immemorial. However, the coming reforms of the Russian Tsar Peter I with their innovations distorted this word, it lost its former respect and began to mean: “uncultured, backward, simple-minded,” etc.
Augean stables
There is a legend according to which King Augeis was an avid horse breeder; there were 3,000 horses in the king’s stables. For some reason, no one cleaned the stables for 30 years. Hercules was entrusted with cleaning these stables. He directed the bed of the Althea River into the stables, and the flow of water washed away all the dirt from the stables. Since then, this expression has been applied to polluting something to the extreme.
Scum
The remaining liquid that remained at the bottom along with sediment was previously called scum. All sorts of rabble often hung around taverns and taverns, drinking the cloudy remains of alcohol in glasses behind other visitors, very soon the term scum passed on to them.
Blue blood
The royal family, as well as the nobility of Spain, were proud that they were leading their
ancestry from the West Goths, as opposed to the common people, and they never mixed with the Moors, who entered Spain from Africa. Blue veins stood out clearly on the pale skin of the indigenous Spaniards, which is why they proudly called themselves “blue blood.” Over time, this expression began to denote a sign of aristocracy and passed on to many nations, including ours.
Reach the handle
In Rus', rolls of bread were always baked with a handle, so that it was convenient to carry the rolls. The handle was then broken off and thrown away for hygiene purposes. The broken handles were picked up and eaten by beggars and dogs. The expression means to become extremely poor, to go down, to become impoverished.
Scapegoat
The ancient Jewish rite consisted of the fact that on the day of remission of sins, the high priest laid his hands on the head of a goat, as if laying all the sins of the people on it. Hence the expression “scapegoat.”
It is not worth it
In the old days, before the invention of electricity, gamblers gathered to play in the evenings by candlelight. Sometimes the bets made and the winner's winnings were negligible, so much so that even the candles that burned during the game did not pay for it. This is how this expression appeared.
Add the first number
In the old days, students were often flogged at school, sometimes even without any misconduct on their part, simply as a preventive measure. The mentor could show diligence in educational work and sometimes the students suffered greatly. Such students could be released from whipping until the first day of the next month.
Beat your head
In the old days, logs cut off from logs were called baklushas. These were the blanks for wooden utensils. Making wooden utensils did not require any special skills or effort. This matter was considered very easy. From that time on, it became a custom to “knuckle down” (do nothing).
If we don't wash, we'll just ride
In the old days, women in villages literally “rolled” their laundry after washing using a special rolling pin. Thus, well-rolled linen turned out to be wrung out, ironed and, moreover, clean (even in cases of poor quality washing). Nowadays we say “by washing, by skiing,” which means achieving a cherished goal by any means.
In the bag
In the old days, messengers who delivered mail to recipients sewed very valuable important papers, or “deeds,” into the lining of their caps or hats, in order to thus hide important documents from prying eyes and not attract the attention of robbers. This is where the expression “it’s in the bag,” which is still popular to this day, comes from.
Let's go back to our sheep
In a French comedy from the Middle Ages, a rich clothier sued a shepherd who stole his sheep. During the court hearing, the clothier forgot about the shepherd and switched to his lawyer, who, as it turned out, did not pay him for six cubits of cloth. The judge, seeing that the clothier had drifted into the wrong direction, interrupted him with the words: “Let's go back to our sheep.” Since then, the expression has become popular.
To contribute
In Ancient Greece there was a mite (small coin) in circulation. In the Gospel parable, a poor widow donated her last two mites for the construction of the temple. Hence the expression “do your bit.”
Versta Kolomenskaya
In the 17th century, by order of the then reigning Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the distance between Moscow and the royal summer residence in the village of Kolomenskoye was measured, as a result of which very high milestones were installed. Since then, it has become a custom to call very tall and thin people “Verst Kolomenskaya”.
Chasing a long ruble
In the 13th century in Rus', the monetary and weight unit was the hryvnia, which was divided into 4 parts (“ruble”). Heavier than the others, the remainder of the ingot was called the “long ruble.” The expression “chasing a long ruble” means easy and good income.
Newspaper ducks
The Belgian humorist Cornelissen published a note in the newspaper about how one scientist bought 20 ducks, chopped one of them and fed it to the other 19 ducks. A little later, he did the same with the second, third, fourth, etc. As a result, he was left with one and only duck, which ate all 19 of its friends. The note was posted with the aim of mocking the gullibility of readers. Since then, it has become a custom to call false news nothing more than “newspaper ducks.”
Laundering of money
The origins of the expression go to America, at the beginning of the 20th century. Al Capone found it difficult to spend his ill-gotten gains because he was constantly under the watchful eye of the intelligence services. In order to be able to safely spend this money and not get caught by the police, Capone created a huge network of laundries, in which there were very low prices. Therefore, it was difficult for the police to track the actual number of clients; it became possible to write down absolutely any income of laundries. This is where the now popular expression “money laundering” comes from. The number of laundries since that time has remained huge, the prices for their services are still low, so in the USA it is customary to wash clothes not at home, but in laundries.
Orphan Kazan
As soon as Ivan the Terrible took Kazan, he decided to bind the local aristocracy to himself. To do this, he rewarded those who voluntarily came to him dignitaries Kazan. Many of the Tatars, wanting to receive good, rich gifts, pretended to be seriously affected by the war.
Inside out
Where did this popular expression come from, which is used when a person has dressed or done something incorrectly? During the reign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in Rus', an embroidered collar was a sign of the dignity of one or another nobleman, and this collar was called “shivorot”. If such a worthy boyar or nobleman in any way angered the tsar or was subjected to royal disgrace, he was, according to custom, seated backwards on a skinny nag, having first turned his clothes inside out. Since then, the expression “topsy-turvy” has been established, which means “on the contrary, wrong.”
From under the stick
The expression “under the stick” takes its roots from circus acts in which trainers force animals to jump over a stick. This phraseological turn has been used since the 19th century. It means that a person is forced to work, forced to do some action or behavior that he really does not want to do. This phraseological image is associated with the opposition “will - captivity.” This metaphor likens a person to an animal or a slave who is forced to do something or work under pain of physical punishment.
One teaspoon per hour
This catchphrase appeared in quite distant times thanks to pharmacists. In those difficult times, pharmacists themselves prepared mixtures, medicinal ointments and infusions for many diseases. According to the rules that have existed since then, each bottle of the medicinal mixture must contain instructions (recipe) for the use of this medicine. Back then they measured things not in drops, as they mostly do now, but in teaspoons. For example, 1 teaspoon per glass of water. In those days, such medications had to be taken strictly by the hour, and treatment usually lasted quite a long time. Hence the meaning of this catchphrase. Now the expression “a teaspoon per hour” means a long and slow process of some action with time intervals, on a very small scale.
Goof
To get into trouble means to be in an awkward position. Prosak is an ancient medieval special rope machine for weaving ropes and twisting ropes. It had a very complex design and twisted the strands so strongly that clothing, hair or beard getting caught in its mechanism could even cost a person his life. This expression originally even had a specific meaning, literally - “accidentally falling into twisted ropes.”
Typically, this expression implies being embarrassed, going nuts, getting into an unpleasant situation, disgracing yourself in some way, getting into a puddle, screwing up, as they say these days, losing face in the dirt.
Freebies and for free
Where did the word "freebie" come from?
Our ancestors called a freebie the top of a boot. Typically, the bottom of the boot (the head) wore out much faster than the top of the muffler. Therefore, to save money, enterprising “cold shoemakers” sewed a new head to the boot. Such updated boots, one might say - sewn on “for free” - were much cheaper than their new counterparts.
Nick down
The expression “hack on the nose” came to us from ancient times. Previously, among our ancestors, the term “nose” meant writing boards that were used as ancient notepads - all kinds of notes were made on them, or it would be more correct to say even notches for memory. It was from those times that the expression “hack on the nose” appeared. If they borrowed money, they wrote the debt on such tablets and gave it to the creditor as promissory notes. And if the debt was not repaid, the creditor was “left with his nose,” that is, with a simple tablet instead of the borrowed money.
Prince on a white horse
The expression of modern princesses about the expectations of a “prince on a white horse” originated in medieval Europe. At that time, beautiful white horses were ridden in honor of special holidays. royalty, the most highly respected knights rode horses of the same color in tournaments. From that time on, the expression about princes on white horses came about, because a stately white horse was considered a symbol of greatness, as well as beauty and glory.
Far away
Where is this located? In ancient Slavic fairy tales, this expression of distance “far away lands” occurs very often. It means that the object is very far away. The roots of the expression go back to the times of Kievan Rus. At that time there were decimal and nine numeral systems. So, according to the nine-fold system, which was based on the number 9, the maximum scale for the standards of a fairy tale, which increases everything threefold, the number distant was taken, that is, three times nine. This is where this expression comes from...
I'm coming at you
What does the expression “I’m coming to you” mean? This expression has been known since the times of Kievan Rus. The Grand Duke and Bright Warrior Svyatoslav, before a military campaign, always sent the warning message “I’m coming at you!” to enemy lands, which meant an attack, an attack - I’m coming at you. During the times of Kievan Rus, our ancestors called “you” specifically to their enemies, and not to honor strangers and older people.
It was a matter of honor to warn the enemy about an attack. The code of military honor and the ancient traditions of the Slavic-Aryans also included a prohibition to shoot or attack with weapons an unarmed or unequally powerful enemy. The Code of Military Honor was strictly adhered to by those who respected themselves and their ancestors, including Grand Duke Svyatoslav.
There is nothing behind the soul
In the old days, our ancestors believed that the human soul was located in the dimple in the neck between the collarbones.
According to custom, money was kept in the same place on the chest. Therefore, they said and still say about the poor man that he “has nothing behind his soul.”
Sewn with white threads
This phraseological unit comes from tailoring roots. In order to see when sewing how to sew the parts, first they are hastily sewn together with white threads, so to speak, rough or trial version so that you can carefully sew all the details together later. Hence the meaning of the expression: a hastily assembled case or work, that is, “on the rough side,” may imply negligence and deception in the case. Often used in legal vernacular when an investigator is working on a case.
Seven spans in the forehead
By the way, this expression does not speak of a person’s very high intelligence, as we usually believe. This is an expression about age. Yes Yes. A span is an ancient Russian measure of length, which is equal to 17.78 cm in terms of centimeters (the international unit of measurement of length). 7 spans in the forehead is a person’s height, it is equal to 124 cm, usually children grew to this mark by the age of 7. At this time, the children were given names and began to be taught (boys - a male craft, girls - a female one). Until this age, children were usually not distinguished by gender and they wore the same clothes. By the way, until the age of 7 they usually didn’t have names, they were simply called “child”.
In search of Eldorado
El Dorado (translated from Spanish as El Dorado means “golden”) is a mythical country in South America that is rich in gold and precious stones. The conquistadors of the 16th century were looking for her. In a figurative sense, “Eldorado” is often called a place where you can quickly get rich.
Karachun has arrived
There are popular expressions that not everyone can understand: “Karachun came,” “Karachun grabbed.” Meaning: someone, someone suddenly died, died or perished... Karachun (or Chernobog) in ancient Slavic mythology pagan times - the underground god of death and frost, moreover, he is not at all a good spirit, but on the contrary - evil. By the way, his celebration falls on the winter solstice (December 21-22).
About the dead it's either good or nothing
The implication is that the dead are spoken of either well or not at all. This expression has come down to the present day in a rather seriously modified form from the depths of centuries. In ancient times this expression sounded like this: “Either good things are said about the dead, or nothing but the truth.”. This is a fairly well-known saying of the ancient Greek politician and poet Chilon from Sparta (VI century BC), and the historian Diogenes Laertius (III century AD) tells about it in his essay “The Life, Teaching and Opinions of Illustrious Philosophers” . Thus, the truncated expression lost its meaning over time original meaning and is now perceived completely differently.
Exasperate
You can often hear in colloquial speech how someone drives someone to the point of insanity. Meaning of the expression: heat up to strong emotions, bring someone into a state of extreme irritation or even complete loss of self-control. Where and how did this turn of phrase come from? It's simple. When a metal is gradually heated, it becomes red, but when it is further heated to a very high temperature, the metal becomes white. Heat it up, that is, warm it up. Heating is essentially very intense heating, hence the expression.
All roads lead to Rome
During the Roman Empire (27 BC - 476 AD), Rome tried to expand its territories through military conquest. Cities, bridges, and roads were actively built for better communication between the provinces of the empire and the capital (for the collection of taxes, the arrival of couriers and ambassadors, the rapid arrival of legions to suppress riots). The Romans were the first to build roads and, naturally, construction was carried out from Rome, from the capital of the Empire. Modern scientists say that the main routes were built precisely on ancient ancient Roman roads that are thousands of years old.
Woman of Balzac's age
How old are women of Balzac's age? Honore de Balzac, a famous French writer of the 19th century, wrote the novel “A Woman of Thirty,” which became quite popular. Therefore, “Balzac age”, “Balzac woman” or “Balzac heroine” is a woman of 30-40 years old who has already learned life wisdom and worldly experience. By the way, the novel is very interesting, like other novels by Honore de Balzac.
Achilles' heel
The mythology of Ancient Greece tells us about the legendary and greatest hero Achilles, the son of the sea goddess Thetis and the mere mortal Peleus. In order for Achilles to become invulnerable and strong like the gods, his mother bathed him in the waters of the sacred river Styx, but since she held her son by the heel so as not to drop him, it was this part of Achilles’ body that remained vulnerable. The Trojan Paris hit Achilles in the heel with an arrow, causing the hero to die...
Modern anatomy calls the tendon above the calcaneus in humans “Achilles.” Since ancient times, the very expression “Achilles’ heel” has meant a person’s weak and vulnerable spot.
Dot all the I's
Where did this rather popular expression come from? Probably from the Middle Ages, from the copyists of books in those days.
Around the 11th century, a dot appears over the letter i in the texts of Western European manuscripts (before that, the letter was written without a dot). At continuous writing letters in words in italics (without separating the letters from each other), the line could get lost among other letters and the text would become difficult to read. In order to more clearly designate this letter and make texts easier to read, a dot was introduced over the letter i. And the dots were placed after the text on the page had already been written. Now the expression means: to clarify, to bring the matter to an end.
By the way, this saying has a continuation and completely sounds like this: “Dot the i’s and cross the t’s.” But the second part didn’t catch on with us.
Description of some catchphrasesWe often use so-called catchphrases without even knowing their origin. Of course, everyone knows: “And Vaska listens and eats” - this is from Krylov’s fable, “gifts of the Danaans” and “Trojan horse” - from Greek legends about the Trojan War... But many words have become so close and familiar that we don’t even think whoever said them first may come.
Scapegoat
The history of this expression is as follows: the ancient Jews had a rite of absolution. The priest laid both hands on the head of the living goat, thereby, as it were, transferring the sins of the entire people onto it. After this, the goat was driven out into the desert. Many, many years have passed, and the ritual no longer exists, but the expression still lives on...
Tryn-grass
The mysterious “tryn-grass” is not at all some kind of herbal medicine that people drink so as not to worry. At first it was called “tyn-grass”, and tyn is a fence. The result was “fence grass,” that is, a weed that no one needed, everyone was indifferent to.
Master of sour cabbage soup
Sour cabbage soup is a simple peasant food: water and sauerkraut. Preparing them was not particularly difficult. And if someone was called a master of sour cabbage soup, it meant that he was not fit for anything worthwhile. Balzac’s age
The expression arose after the publication of the novel by the French writer Honore de Balzac (1799-1850) “A Woman of Thirty” (1831); used as a characteristic of women aged 30-40 years.
White crow
This expression, as a designation of a rare person, sharply different from the rest, is given in the 7th satire of the Roman poet Juvenal (mid-1st century - after 127 AD):
Fate gives kingdoms to slaves and brings triumphs to captives.
However, such a lucky person is rarer than a black sheep.
Plant the pig
In all likelihood, this expression is due to the fact that some peoples do not eat pork for religious reasons. And if such a person was quietly put pork in his food, then his faith was desecrated.
Throwing a stone
The expression “throwing a stone” at someone in the sense of “accusing” arose from the Gospel (John 8:7); Jesus said to the scribes and Pharisees, who, tempting him, brought to him a woman caught in adultery: “He who is without sin among you, let him be the first to throw a stone at her” (in ancient Judea there was a penalty - stoning).
Paper endures everything (Paper does not turn red)
The expression goes back to the Roman writer and orator Cicero (106 - 43 BC); in his letters “To Friends” there is an expression: “Epistola non erubescit” - “A letter does not blush,” that is, in writing one can express thoughts that one is embarrassed to express orally.
To be or not to be - that is the question
The beginning of Hamlet's monologue in Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name, translated by N.A. Polevoy (1837).
Wolf in sheep's clothing
The expression originated from the Gospel: “Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves.”
In borrowed plumes
It arose from a fable by I.A. Krylov “The Crow” (1825).
Add the first number
You won’t believe it, but... from the old school, where students were flogged every week, no matter who was right or wrong. And if the mentor overdoes it, then such a spanking would last for a long time, until the first day of the next month.
Register Izhitsa
Izhitsa is the name of the last letter of the Church Slavonic alphabet. Traces of flogging on well-known places of careless students strongly resembled this letter. So registering an Izhitsa means teaching a lesson, punishing it, and it’s easier to flog it. And you still criticize modern school!
I carry everything I have with me
The expression originated from an ancient Greek legend. When the Persian king Cyrus occupied the city of Priene in Ionia, the inhabitants abandoned it, taking with them the most valuable of their possessions. Only Biant, one of the “seven wise men”, a native of Priene, left empty-handed. In response to the perplexed questions of his fellow citizens, he answered, referring to spiritual values: “I carry everything I own with me.” This expression is often used in the Latin formulation due to Cicero: Omnia mea mecum porto.
Everything flows, everything changes
This expression, which defines the constant variability of all things, sets out the essence of the teachings of the Greek philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesus (c. 530-470 BC)
Goal like a falcon
Terribly poor, beggar. People usually think that we are talking about a bird. But the falcon has nothing to do with it. In fact, the “falcon” is an ancient military battering gun. It was a completely smooth (“bare”) cast iron block attached to chains. Nothing extra!
Orphan Kazan
This is what they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone. But why is the orphan “Kazan”? It turns out that this phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. The Mirzas (Tatar princes), finding themselves subjects of the Russian Tsar, tried to beg all sorts of concessions from him, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.
Unlucky man
In the old days in Rus', “path” was the name given not only to the road, but also to various positions at the prince’s court. The falconer's path is in charge of princely hunting, the hunter's path is in charge of hound hunting, the stableman's path is in charge of carriages and horses. The boyars tried by hook or by crook to get a position from the prince. And those who did not succeed were spoken of with disdain: a good-for-nothing person.
Was there a boy?
One of the episodes of M. Gorky’s novel “The Life of Klim Samgin” tells about the boy Klim skating with other children. Boris Varavka and Varya Somova fall into the wormwood. Klim hands Boris the end of his gymnasium belt, but, feeling that he too is being pulled into the water, he lets go of the belt. Children are drowning. When the search for the drowned begins, Klim is struck by “someone’s serious, incredulous question: “Was there a boy, maybe there wasn’t a boy.” The last phrase became popular as a figurative expression of extreme doubt about something.
Twenty two misfortunes
This is how in A.P. Chekhov’s play “The Cherry Orchard” (1903) they call the clerk Epikhodov, with whom some comic trouble happens every day. The expression is applied to people with whom some misfortune constantly happens.
Money doesn't smell
The expression arose from the words of the Roman emperor (69 - 79 AD) Vespasian, said by him, as Suetonius reports in his biography, on the following occasion. When Vespasian's son Titus reproached his father for introducing a tax on public latrines, Vespasian brought the first money received from this tax to his nose and asked if it smelled. To Titus's negative answer, Vespasian said: "And yet they are made of urine."
Draconian measures
This is the name given to the excessively harsh laws named after Dragon, the first legislator of the Athenian Republic (7th century BC). Among the punishments determined by its laws, the death penalty allegedly occupied a prominent place, which punished, for example, such an offense as theft of vegetables. There was a legend that these laws were written in blood (Plutarch, Solon). In literary speech, the expression “draconian laws”, “draconian measures, punishments” have become stronger in the meaning of harsh, cruel laws.
Inside out
Now this seems to be a completely harmless expression. And once it was associated with shameful punishment. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, a guilty boyar was placed backwards on a horse with his clothes turned inside out and, in this disgraced form, was driven around the city to the whistling and jeers of the street crowd.
Retired goat drummer
In the old days, trained bears were brought to fairs. They were accompanied by a dancing boy dressed as a goat, and a drummer accompanying his dance. This was the goat drummer. He was perceived as a worthless, frivolous person.
Yellow press
In 1895, American graphic artist Richard Outcault published a series of frivolous drawings with humorous text in a number of issues of the New York newspaper “The World”; Among the drawings was a picture of a child in a yellow shirt, to whom various funny sayings were attributed. Soon another newspaper - “ New York Journal" began publishing a series of similar drawings. A dispute arose between these two newspapers over the right of primacy to the “yellow boy”. In 1896, Erwin Wardman, editor of the New York Press, published an article in his magazine in which he contemptuously called both competing newspapers "yellow press." Since then, the expression has become popular.
Finest hour
Expression by Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) from the preface to his collection of historical short stories " star clock humanity" (1927). Zweig explains that he called historical moments starry hours “because, like eternal stars, they invariably shine in the night of oblivion and decay.”
Golden mean
An expression from the 2nd book of odes of the Roman poet Horace: “aurea mediocritas.”
Choose the lesser of two evils
An expression found in the works of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle “Nicomachean Ethics” in the form: “The lesser of evils must be chosen.” Cicero (in his essay “On Duties”) says: “One should not only choose the least of evils, but also extract from them themselves what can be good in them.”
To make mountains out of molehills
The expression is one of the ancient ones. It is quoted by the Greek writer Lucian (3rd century AD), who ends his satirical “Praise of the Fly” like this: “But I interrupt my speech, although I could say a lot more, lest anyone think that I “, as the proverb goes, I make a mountain out of a molehill.”
Highlight
The expression is used in the meaning: something that gives a special taste, attractiveness to something (a dish, a story, a person, etc.). It arose from a popular proverb: “Kvass is not expensive, the zest in kvass is expensive”; became popular after the appearance of L. N. Tolstoy’s drama “The Living Corpse” (1912). The hero of the drama, Protasov, talking about his family life, says: “My wife was an ideal woman... But what can I tell you? There was no zest - you know, there is zest in kvass? - there was no game in our lives. And I needed to forget. And without the game you won’t forget...”
Lead by the nose
Apparently, trained bears were very popular, because this expression was also associated with fairground entertainment. Gypsies led bears by a ring threaded through their noses. And they forced them, the poor fellows, to do various tricks, deceiving them with the promise of a handout.
Sharpen the laces
Lyasy (balusters) are turned figured posts of railings at the porch. Only a true master could make such beauty. Probably, at first, “sharpening balusters” meant conducting an elegant, fancy, ornate (like balusters) conversation. But in our time, the number of people skilled in conducting such a conversation became fewer and fewer. So this expression came to mean empty chatter.
a swan song
The expression is used to mean: the last manifestation of talent. Based on the belief that swans sing before death, it arose in ancient times. Evidence of this is found in one of Aesop’s fables (6th century BC): “They say that swans sing before they die.”
Flying Dutchman
A Dutch legend has preserved the story of a sailor who vowed, in a strong storm, to round the cape that blocked his path, even if it took him forever. Because of his pride, he was doomed to forever rush on a ship on a raging sea, never landing on the shore. This legend obviously arose in the age of great discoveries. It is possible that its historical basis was the expedition of Vasco da Gama (1469-1524), who rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1497. In the 17th century this legend was associated with several Dutch captains, which is reflected in its name.
Seize the moment
The expression apparently goes back to Horace (“carpe diem” - “seize the day”, “take advantage of the day”).
The lion's share
The expression goes back to the fable of the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop “The Lion, the Fox and the Donkey”, the plot of which - the division of prey among the animals - was later used by Phaedrus, La Fontaine and other fabulists.
The Moor has done his job, the Moor can leave
Quote from the drama by F. Schiller (1759 - 1805) “The Fiesco Conspiracy in Genoa” (1783). This phrase (d.3, iv.4) is uttered by the Moor, who turned out to be unnecessary after he helped Count Fisco organize a rebellion of the Republicans against the tyrant of Genoa, Doge Doria. This phrase has become a saying characterizing a cynical attitude towards a person whose services are no longer needed.
Manna from heaven
According to the Bible, manna is the food that God sent to the Jews every morning from heaven when they walked through the desert to the promised land (Exodus 16, 14-16 and 31).
Disservice
The expression arose from I. A. Krylov’s fable “The Hermit and the Bear” (1808).
Honeymoon
The idea that the happiness of the first stage of marriage quickly gives way to the bitterness of disappointment, figuratively expressed in eastern folklore, was used by Voltaire for his philosophical novel “Zadig, or Fate” (1747), in the 3rd chapter of which he writes: “Zadig experienced that the first month of marriage, as described in the book of Zend, is honeymoon, and the second - the wormwood month."
Young people love us everywhere
Quote from “Song of the Motherland” in the film “Circus” (1936), text by V. I. Lebedev-Kumach, music by I. O. Dunaevsky.
Silent means consent
Expression of Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303) in one of his messages, included in canon law (a set of decrees of church authority). This expression goes back to Sophocles (496-406 BC), in whose tragedy “The Trachinian Women” it is said: “Don’t you understand that by silence you agree with the accuser?”
Torments of Tantalus
In Greek mythology, Tantalus, the king of Phrygia (also called the king of Lydia), was the favorite of the gods, who often invited him to their feasts. But, proud of his position, he offended the gods, for which he was severely punished. According to Homer (“Odyssey”), his punishment was that, cast down into Tartarus (hell), he forever experiences unbearable pangs of thirst and hunger; he stands up to his neck in water, but the water recedes from him as soon as he bows his head to drink; branches with luxurious fruits hang over him, but as soon as he stretches out his hands to them, the branches deviate. This is where the expression “torment of Tantalus” arose, meaning: unbearable torment due to the inability to achieve the desired goal, despite its proximity.
On the seventh sky
The expression, meaning the highest degree of joy, happiness, goes back to the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC), who in his essay “On Heaven” explains the structure of the vault of heaven. He believed that the sky consists of seven motionless crystal spheres on which the stars and planets are established. The seven heavens are mentioned in various places in the Quran: for example, it is said that the Quran itself was brought by an angel from the seventh heaven.
I don't want to study, I want to get married
Words by Mitrofanushka from D. I. Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor” (1783), no. 3, yavl. 7.
New is well forgotten old
In 1824, the memoirs of milliner Marie Antoinette Mademoiselle Bertin were published in France, in which she said these words about the queen’s old dress that she had updated (in reality, her memoirs are fake - their author is Jacques Pesce). This idea was perceived as new only because it had been well forgotten. Already Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) said that “there is no new custom that is not old.” This quote from Chaucer was popularized by Walter Scott's book The Folk Songs of Southern Scotland.
Nick down
In this expression, the word “nose” has nothing to do with the organ of smell. A “nose” was the name given to a memorial plaque, or a note tag. In the distant past, illiterate people always carried such tablets and sticks with them, with the help of which all kinds of notes or notches were made as memories.
Break a leg
This expression arose among hunters and was based on the superstitious idea that with a direct wish (both down and feather), the results of a hunt can be jinxed. In the language of hunters, feather means bird, and down means animals. In ancient times, a hunter going on a hunt received this parting word, the “translation” of which looks something like this: “Let your arrows fly past the target, let the snares and traps you set remain empty, just like the trapping pit!” To which the earner, in order not to jinx it either, replied: “To hell!” And both were confident that the evil spirits, invisibly present during this dialogue, would be satisfied and leave behind, and would not plot intrigues during the hunt.
Beat your head
What are “baklushi”, who “beats” them and when? For a long time, artisans have been making spoons, cups and other utensils from wood. To carve a spoon, it was necessary to chop off a block of wood from a log. Apprentices were entrusted with preparing the bucks: it was an easy, trivial task that did not require any special skill. Preparing such chocks was called “beating the lumps.” From here, from the mockery of the masters at the auxiliary workers - “baklushechnik”, our saying came from.
About the dead it's either good or nothing
The expression often quoted in Latin: “De mortuis nil nisi bene” or “De mortuis aut bene aut nihil” seems to go back to the work of Diogenes Laertius (3rd century AD): “Life, teaching and opinions famous philosophers”, which contains the saying of one of the “seven wise men” - Chilon (VI century BC): “Do not slander the dead.”
Oh holy simplicity!
This expression is attributed to the leader of the Czech national movement, Jan Hus (1369-1415). Sentenced by a church council as a heretic to be burned, he allegedly uttered these words at the stake when he saw that some old woman (according to another version, a peasant woman) in simple-minded religious zeal threw the brushwood she had brought into the fire. However, Hus's biographers, based on reports of eyewitnesses to his death, deny the fact that he uttered this phrase. The church writer Turanius Rufinus (c. 345-410), in his continuation of Eusebius's History of the Church, reports that the expression “holy simplicity” was uttered at the first Council of Nicaea (325) by one of the theologians. This expression is often used in Latin: “O sancta simplicitas!”
An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth
An expression from the Bible, the formula for the law of retribution: “A fracture for a fracture, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth: as he has injured a person’s body, so must he do it” (Leviticus 24:20; about the same - Exodus 21: 24; Deuteronomy 19, 21).
From great to funny one step
This phrase was often repeated by Napoleon during his flight from Russia in December 1812 to his ambassador in Warsaw, de Pradt, who spoke about it in the book “History of the Embassy to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw” (1816). Its primary source is the expression of the French writer Jean-François Marmontel (1723-1799) in the fifth volume of his works (1787): “In general, the funny comes into contact with the great.”
The language will take you to Kyiv
In 999, a certain Kiev resident Nikita Shchekomyaka got lost in the endless, then Russian, steppe and ended up among the Polovtsians. When the Polovtsians asked him: Where are you from, Nikita? He answered that he was from the rich and beautiful city of Kyiv, and so described the wealth and beauty to the nomads hometown that the Polovtsian Khan Nunchak attached Nikita by the tongue to the tail of his horse, and the Polovtsians went to fight and plunder Kyiv. This is how Nikita Shchekomyaka got home with the help of his tongue.
Sharomyzhniki
1812 When the French burned Moscow and were left in Russia without food, they came to Russian villages and asked for food She rami, like give it to me. So the Russians began to call them that. (one of the hypotheses).
Bastard
This is an idiomatic phrase. There is a river called Voloch, when the fishermen came with their catch, they said ours and Voloch came. There are several other tomological meanings of this word. To drag - to collect, to drag. This word came from them. But it became abusive not long ago. This is the merit of 70 years in the CPSU.
Know all the ins and outs
The expression is associated with an ancient torture in which needles or nails were driven under the fingernails of the accused to extract a confession.
Oh, you are heavy, Monomakh’s hat!
Quote from A. S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Boris Godunov”, scene “The Royal Chambers” (1831), monologue of Boris (Monomakh in Greek is a martial artist; a nickname that was associated with the names of some Byzantine emperors. In ancient Rus', this nickname was assigned to the Grand Duke Vladimir (beginning of the 12th century), from whom the Moscow kings traced their origin. Monomakh's cap is the crown with which the Moscow kings were crowned kings, a symbol of royal power). The above quote characterizes a difficult situation.
Plato is my friend but the truth is dearer
The Greek philosopher Plato (427-347 BC) in his essay “Phaedo” attributes to Socrates the words “Following me, think less about Socrates, and more about the truth.” Aristotle, in his work “Nicomachean Ethics,” polemicizing with Plato and referring to him, writes: “Even though friends and truth are dear to me, duty commands me to give preference to truth.” Luther (1483-1546) says: “Plato is my friend, Socrates is my friend, but truth should be preferred” (“On the Enslaved Will,” 1525). The expression “Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas” - “Plato is my friend, but the truth is dearer”, was formulated by Cervantes in the 2nd part, ch. 51 novels "Don Quixote" (1615).
Dancing to someone else's tune
The expression is used to mean: to act not according to one’s own will, but according to the will of another. Goes back to the Greek historian Herodotus (5th century BC), who in the 1st book of his “History” says: when the Persian king Cyrus conquered the Medes, the Greeks of Asia Minor, whom he had previously tried in vain to win over to his side, expressed their readiness obey him, but under certain conditions. Then Cyrus told them the following fable: “One flute player, seeing fish in the sea, began to play the flute, expecting them to come out to him on land. Having lost his hope, he took a net, threw it in and pulled out many fish. Seeing the fish struggling in the nets, he said to them: “Stop dancing; when I played the flute, you didn’t want to come out and dance.” This fable is attributed to Aesop (VI century BC).
After the rain on Thursday
Rusichi - ancient ancestors Russians - among their gods they honored the main god - the god of thunder and lightning Perun. One of the days of the week was dedicated to him - Thursday (it is interesting that among the ancient Romans Thursday was also dedicated to the Latin Perun - Jupiter). Prayers were offered to Perun for rain during the drought. It was believed that he should be especially willing to fulfill requests on “his day” - Thursday. And since these prayers often remained in vain, the saying “After the rain on Thursday” began to be applied to everything that is unknown when it will come true.
Get into trouble
In dialects, a binder is a fish trap woven from branches. And, as in any trap, being in it is not a pleasant thing. Beluga roar
Beluga roar
He's as dumb as a fish - you've known that for a long time. And suddenly a beluga roars? It turns out that we are not talking about the beluga, but the beluga whale, which is the name of the polar dolphin. He really roars very loudly.
Success is never blamed
These words are attributed to Catherine II, who allegedly expressed herself this way when A.V. Suvorov was put on trial by military court for the assault on Turtukai in 1773, undertaken by him contrary to the orders of Field Marshal Rumyantsev. However, the story about Suvorov’s arbitrary actions and about putting him on trial is refuted by serious researchers.
Know yourself
According to the legend reported by Plato in the dialogue “Protagoras”, the seven sages of ancient Greece (Thales, Pittacus, Bias, Solon, Cleobulus, Myson and Chilo), meeting together in the temple of Apollo at Delphi, wrote: “Know yourself.” The idea of knowing oneself was explained and disseminated by Socrates. This expression is often used in its Latin form: nosce te ipsum.
Rare bird
This expression (Latin rara avis) meaning “rare creature” is first found in the satires of Roman poets, for example, in Juvenal (mid-1st century - after 127 AD): “A rare bird on earth, sort of like black Swan".
Born to crawl cannot fly
Quote from “Song of the Falcon” by M. Gorky.
Smoke rocker
In old Rus', huts were often heated in a black way: the smoke did not escape through a chimney (there was none at all), but through a special window or door. And they predicted the weather by the shape of the smoke. The smoke comes in a column - it will be clear, dragging - towards fog, rain, a rocker - towards the wind, bad weather, or even a storm.
Not appropriate
This is a very old sign: only the animal that the brownie likes will live both in the house and in the yard. If he doesn’t like it, he’ll get sick, get sick, or run away. What to do - not good!
Hair on end
But what kind of rack is this? It turns out that standing on end means standing at attention, on your fingertips. That is, when a person gets scared, his hair seems to stand on tiptoes on his head.
Get into trouble
Rozhon is a sharp pole. And in some Russian provinces this is what they called four-pronged pitchforks. Indeed, you can’t really trample on them!
From the ship to the ball
Expression from “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin, chapter 8, stanza 13 (1832):
And travel for him,
Like everyone else in the world, I'm tired of it,
He returned and hit
Like Chatsky, from the ship to the ball.
This expression characterizes an unexpected, sharp change in situation or circumstances.
Combine business with pleasure
An expression from “The Art of Poetry” by Horace, who says about the poet: “He is worthy of all approval who combines the pleasant with the useful.”
Wash your hands
Used to mean: to avoid responsibility for something. It arose from the Gospel: Pilate washed his hands before the crowd, giving Jesus to them for execution, and said: “I am not guilty of the blood of this righteous man” (Matt. 27:24). The ritual washing of hands, which serves as evidence of the non-involvement of the person washing in anything, is described in the Bible (Deuteronomy 21:6-7).
Weak spot
It arose from the myth about the only vulnerable spot on the hero’s body: Achilles’ heel, a spot on Siegfried’s back, etc. Used in the meaning: the weak side of a person, deeds.
Fortune. Wheel of Fortune
Fortuna is the goddess of blind chance, happiness and misfortune in Roman mythology. She was depicted blindfolded, standing on a ball or wheel (emphasizing her constant changeability), and holding a steering wheel in one hand and a cornucopia in the other. The rudder indicated that fortune controls a person's destiny.
Upside down
Loitering - in many Russian provinces this word meant walking. So, upside down is just walking upside down, upside down.
Grated kalach
By the way, in fact there was such a type of bread - grated kalach. The dough for it was crushed, kneaded, and grated for a very long time, which is why the kalach turned out to be unusually fluffy. And there was also a proverb - don’t grate, don’t crush, there won’t be a kalach. That is, trials and tribulations teach a person. The expression comes from a proverb, and not from the name of the bread.
Output to clean water
Once upon a time they said to bring fish to clean water. And if it’s a fish, then everything is clear: in thickets of reeds or where snags are drowning in silt, a fish caught on a hook can easily break the fishing line and leave. And in clear water, above a clean bottom - let him try. So it is with an exposed swindler: if all the circumstances are clear, he will not escape retribution.
And there is a hole in the old woman
And what kind of gap (mistake, oversight by Ozhegov and Efremova) is this, a gap (i.e. flaw, defect) or what? The meaning, therefore, is this: And a person wise by experience can make mistakes. Interpretation from the lips of an expert in ancient Russian literature: And on an old woman there is a blow of Porukha (Ukrainian zh. coll.-dec. 1 - Harm, destruction, damage; 2 - Trouble). In a specific sense, porukha (other Russian) is rape. Those. everything is possible.
He who laughs last laughs best
The expression belongs to French writer Jean-Pierre Florian (1755-1794), who used it in the fable “Two Peasants and a Cloud.”
End justifies the means
The idea of this expression, which is the basis of Jesuit morality, was borrowed by them from the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679).
Man is a wolf to man
An expression from the “Donkey Comedy” by the ancient Roman writer Plautus (c. 254-184 BC).
A catchphrase (or catchphrase) is a stable expression that is from some cultural or literary sources. If the data is very expressive and memorable, then it receives a popular expression.
Often many people no longer understand the source of this catchphrase, but the words themselves remain unforgettable. For example, everyone knows the catchphrase “After us, at least,” but few will remember what was said by the Marquise de Pompadour. There are a great many such examples.
The concept of “catchphrase” is very closely intertwined with another, related to it - “phraseological unit”. A phraseological unit is also a stable verbal expression, but, unlike a catchphrase, a phraseological unit does not always have a literary source. In addition, a phraseological unit is an indivisible, separate lexical unit, which cannot be said about a catchphrase.
A winged expression can have different lives. This depends on how high the level of cultural development of a particular society is, as well as on the speed of introduction of new trends and elements into cultural life. As an example, we can recall the popular expression “Life, as they say, is good. A good life is even better!" from the film "Prisoner of the Caucasus". This expression is often consumed by the old. It is unlikely that the same phrase will be able to evoke the same positive emotions among young people who have different value and cultural guidelines.
Catchphrases are a cultural phenomenon that indicates a high spiritual development and the phenomenon of cultural memory. Cultural memory is a phenomenon associated with the continuity of traditions and customs of ancestors by new generations. With a developed cultural memory, there should be no doubt that the new generation will disrespect the events of past years.
Related article
Modern people spend most of their free time on the Internet. The widespread use of social networks and messaging programs makes it popular to use various statuses inside similar sites.
Instructions
Status is the text with a picture that your interlocutors see when communicating with you. The status can be easily changed at any time you want, or removed altogether.
Come up with your own status or borrow it from special sites. The status can be set in icq, mail-, in Odnoklassniki, VKontakte, etc.
Choose a status depending on your mood. It is your reflection, characterizing the feelings, desires or experiences that you are experiencing at the moment. When communicating, people can understand what is going on in your soul by the expression on your face. On the Internet, this function is performed by status. If, for example, you are sick and put an icon with a thermometer, your online friends will immediately ask what happened and if you need help. If you install a happy emoticon with the text “Hurray! I passed math!!!”, a flurry of congratulations will fall on you.
This catchphrase is used when a person finds himself in some awkward, uncomfortable situation. In prosak they called a special device for weaving ropes and cables. It was a fairly complex mechanism for that time. The prosak twisted the threads and strands so tightly that if part of a person’s clothing or hair got into it, then this carelessness could cost him his life.
bosom friend
In Rus', the process of drinking alcoholic beverages was called “pouring over the Adam’s apple.” Accordingly, in the process of “pouring the Adam's apple,” a rapprochement and complete mutual understanding of all participants in the feast occurred; they became “bosom friends.” Currently, it denotes a very close long-time friend.
If we don't wash, we'll just ride
In the old days, women used a special rolling pin when doing laundry, which they used to roll wet laundry. Even poorly washed clothes looked clean and ironed after riding. In the modern world, this catchphrase is used when it comes to some complex and confusing matter. It turns out that the desired result was achieved with great difficulties, which we nevertheless managed to overcome, be it difficult negotiations or a job interview.
Reach the handle
In the old days, there was a very popular dish in Rus' - kalach. It was then baked in the shape of a castle with a rounded bow. Kalachis were very often eaten right on the streets, holding them by the bow, or in other words, the handle. The handle itself was not eaten, considering it unsanitary. Usually the uneaten part of the roll was thrown to the dogs or given to the poor. It turns out that those who have “reached the end” are experiencing extreme need and hunger. Nowadays they say this about people who have sunk and completely lost their human appearance, about those who find themselves in an almost hopeless situation.
This catchphrase has transformed over time. They used to say “tyn-grass,” and they called a fence “tyn.” It turned out that this phrase meant weeds growing under the fence, in other words, “weed under the fence.” This phrase now means complete hopelessness in life, indifference.
In Rus', the most experienced and strong barge hauler was called “bump”. He always went first in the strap. Nowadays, a “big shot” is an important person who occupies a responsible position.
Goal like a falcon
A falcon used to be called a battering gun, which was made of cast iron. The falcon was hung on chains and, gradually swinging, they broke the walls of the fortifications. It was a completely smooth weapon, which became associated with a poor, beggarly person.
Orphan Kazan
Ivan the Terrible conquered Kazan, and the Tatar princes came to visit him, complaining about their poor and hard life in order to beg all sorts of concessions from the Russian Tsar.
Unlucky man
In the old days, the word “path” meant not only a road, but also various positions at the prince’s court. For example, the falconer's path was in charge of falconry, and the stablemaster's path was in charge of the prince's carriages. It turns out that this catchphrase came from this.
Washing the bones
The Orthodox Greeks and some Slavs had an ancient custom of reburying the dead. The bodies of the deceased were taken out of the grave, then they were washed with wine and water and buried again. It was believed that if the bones were clean and the deceased had completely decayed, it meant that he led a righteous life and went straight to God. If a corpse that was not decayed and swollen was taken out of the burial place, this meant that the person was a great sinner during his lifetime, and after his death he was transformed into a ghoul or ghoul.
Video on the topic
Sources:
- Where did catchphrases come from?
“A house cannot be built without corners, speech cannot be said without a proverb” - phraseological units, catchphrases, proverbs not only make speech expressive, but also allow one or two words to express what cannot always be explained in whole sentences.
In any language there are stable expressions - phraseological units. A phraseological unit is a ready-made combination of words that can be used to mean a single word or expression. The origin of the term itself is attributed to the French linguist Charles Bally.
Often the original meaning is hidden by history, but the phrase itself illustrates a fact that is linguistically unrelated to the specific expression. For example, the expression “ate the dog” means vast experience in a certain matter. And in exactly that order and not another. “Eat a dog” - this is exactly the case when the “sum” changes due to a change in the places of the terms.
Winged expressions from the depths of folklore
The initial sources of phraseological units were proverbs and sayings, some of which became an inseparable part of the Russian colloquial and literary language, as well as ancient grammatical forms and archaisms of the Russian language.
note
The presence of this member in a sentence is not always necessary. In cases where it is not present, the object can be determined based on the context.
The catchphrase “Procrustean bed” is often used in debates between speakers, logical discussions, and it is also found in ordinary colloquial speech. But who is Procrustes, and why did his bed become so famous?
Who is Procrustes?
Ancient Greek myths gave the world many catchphrases and expressions. The spread of phraseological units was greatly facilitated by the fact that it was in Ancient Greece that philosophy and logic originated. Therefore, it is not surprising that concepts and phenomena from Greek myths are still actively used in many languages.
The famous “Procrustean bed” is one of these stable expressions. Procrustes is a negative character from the legends of Theseus. In various sources he is also Polypemon or Damaste. He was a demigod, that is, the son of a mortal woman and one of the gods - Poseidon. Procrustes was an evil and cruel man who terrorized travelers from Athens to Megara. Luring random people into his home, he offered them his bed. However, if the bed was too short for a guest, Procrustes cut off his legs, and stretched out those whose bed was too long. Theseus was also among the potential victims of Procrustes, but was able to defeat him. Having laid the defeated robber on the bed, Theseus found out that the bed was small. Then he “shortened” Procrustes by cutting off his head.
According to some versions of the myth, Theseus was also the son of Poseidon, so that in fact Procrustes was his half-brother.
Allegorical meaning of the expression
In modern times, the expression “Procrustean bed” means attempts to fit this or that circumstance or phenomenon into a predetermined framework, even in the case when for the sake of this it is necessary to invent missing ones or, conversely, neglect existing ones. This approach is one of the classic logical fallacies or tricks that turn a reasoned discussion into bad faith persuasion.
The term “logical trick” is used not only in logic, but also in philosophy, rhetoric, oratory. There are many logical errors that make the argument untenable.
The usual idea of any logical trick is to convince the interlocutor that you are right, while certain theses are formulated and justified with reasoning. Such methods work if the interlocutor is too sensitive from a psychological point of view or has insufficient knowledge and experience to notice the mistake. For example, using the “Procrustean bed”, you can omit significant exceptions, putting forward a certain generalizing thesis. If the opponent is not completely clear on the subject of the discussion, this method may well work.
Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin, who came from an old noble family, was a large landowner and one of the prime ministers of Russia. His bills went down in history as the “Stolypin agrarian reform.” During his lifetime, he was criticized for the cruelty of the measures taken. The expression “Stolypin tie” is directly related to this.
What is a “Stolypin tie”
Stolypin was famous for his controversial reforms in many areas. Primarily in agriculture. His personality caused a lot of controversy during his lifetime. At the beginning of the 20th century, revolutionaries repeatedly made attempts on the life of Prime Minister Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin. They shot at him and threw bombs at him. In the summer of 1906, Stolypin’s daughter was seriously wounded on Aptekarsky Island in St. Petersburg. In 1911, anarchist Dmitry Bogrov, having entered the building of the Kyiv Drama Theater, fired a fatal shot.
The catchphrase “Stolypin tie” appeared in 1907. At the meeting State Duma of the third convocation, the representative of the Cadet Party, Fyodor Rodichev, paraphrased V. Purishkevich’s then-famous expression about “Muravievsky”. Vladimir Purishkevich was famous as a talented speaker. After General M.N. Muravyov liquidated the Polish uprising of 1863, the rope for gallows began to be called the “Muravyov collar.” During the meeting, Purishkevich asked Stolypin a question: “Where are the murderers, are they all strung up and given Ant’s tie?” After this, Fyodor Rodichev said from the podium that descendants would be forced to call the “Muravyov collar” a “Stolypin tie.”
How did this catchphrase appear?
The occasion for the speech was the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia A.P. Stolypin in the Duma. Then he promised to fight the revolutionaries and warmly supported the idea of military courts. The idea of “quick courts” was proposed by him after a large-scale terrorist attack in which about 100 people were injured, including Stolypin’s children. Such courts heard cases of civilians accused of participating in and other crimes against political system. Cases were considered in a simplified manner, that is, without the participation of a prosecutor and a lawyer. Usually the sentence was carried out within 24 hours. Petitions for pardon and even appeals against sentences were not allowed.
The State Duma hall reacted violently. Indignant deputies tried to drag Rodichev from the podium, crowding around her. Following Stolypin, the ministers and Chairman of the Third State Duma N.A. left the hall. Khomyakov. After the meeting was disrupted, Stolypin gave Rodichev a challenge to a duel. But the incident was settled after the representative of the Cadet Party apologized to the Prime Minister.
Fyodor Rodichev’s statement was interpreted as an “unparliamentary expression.” In this regard, Rodichev was deprived of the right to attend 15 Duma meetings.
Latin, ancient Greek, Sanskrit - all these are “dead” languages, many phrases and expressions of which were lost over time, others lost their meaning. Thanks to myths, traditions and legends, certain words and phrases are still used today. But few people think about their origin and meaning.
Campaign against Troy. He also called Achilles. In defense of Troy, Paris, guided by Apollo himself, struck Achilles with a poisoned arrow. It hit him in the heel - the only vulnerable spot on Achilles' body. This is where "Achilles's" came from heel", i.e. the only vulnerable, or weak point. Now this is also used in relation to any weak points (“sore” spots) of a person. And these are not always some physical aspects; they are more often used to indicate moral, psychological or spiritual vulnerability. In addition, this term is used in medicine. Doctors call the "Achilles tendon" or "Achilles heel" ligaments that stretch from calf muscle shin to heel. This tendon is considered the strongest in the human body and plays an important role in the process of raising and lowering the heel and foot.
Video on the topic
