Where did Princess Diana study? Princess Diana and her beloved men

Diana, Princess of Wales (photo posted later in the article) is the former wife of Prince Charles and the mother of the second in line heir to the British throne, Prince William. When she seemed to have found a new love, she tragically died along with her new friend.

Diana, Princess of Wales: biography

Diana Francis Spencer was born on 07/01/1961 at Park House, near Sandringham, Norfolk. She was the youngest daughter of Viscount and Viscountess Eltrop, the now deceased Earl Spencer, and Mrs. Shand-Kydd. She had two older sisters, Jane and Sarah, and a younger brother, Charles.

The cause of Diana's self-doubt is to be found in her upbringing, despite her privileged position. The family lived on the Queen's estate at Sandringham, where the father rented Park House. He was the royal equerry to the king and the young queen, Elizabeth II.

The Queen was the chief guest at Diana's parents' wedding in 1954. The ceremony then held in Westminster Abbey became one of the social events of the year.

But Diana was only six when her parents divorced. She will always remember the sound of her mother leaving on the gravel road. The children became pawns in a bitter custody dispute.

Lady Diana was sent to a boarding school, and ended up at West Heath School in Here she excelled in sports (her height, equal to 178 cm, contributed to this), especially in swimming, but failed all the exams. Nevertheless, later on she fondly remembered her school days and supported her school.

After completing her studies, she worked in London as a nanny, a cook and then as an assistant teacher at Young England Nursery in Knightsbridge.

Her father moved to Altrop near Northampton and became the 8th Earl Spencer. Her parents divorced, and a new Countess Spencer, daughter of the writer Barbara Cartland, appeared. But soon Diana became a family celebrity.

Engagement

Rumors spread that her friendship with the Prince of Wales had developed into something more serious. The press and television besieged Diana at every turn. But her days at work were numbered. The palace tried in vain to cool the speculation. And on February 24, 1981, the engagement became official.

Wedding

The wedding took place at St. Paul's Cathedral on a perfect July day. Millions of television viewers around the world were mesmerized by the event, and another 600,000 people gathered along the route from Buckingham Palace to the cathedral. Diana became the first Englishwoman in over 300 years to marry the heir to the throne.

She was only 20. Under the gaze of her mother, leaning on her father's hand, Diana of Wales (photo posted in the article) prepared to take a wedding vow. She only showed nervousness once when she tried to put her husband's many names in the correct order.

Welcome newbie. It was a moment of special satisfaction for the Queen Mother, who herself came from a simple family and also made this journey 60 years ago.

Popularity

After the wedding, the Princess of Wales Diana immediately began to take an active part in the performance of official duties of the royal family. She soon began making visits to schools and hospitals.

The public noted her love for the people: it seemed that she sincerely rejoiced at her stay among ordinary people, although she herself was no longer like that.

Diana brought her own fresh style to the mix that was the house of the Windsors. There was nothing new about the idea of ​​royal visits, but she added a spontaneity to it that charmed almost everyone.

During her first official trip to the United States, she provoked almost hysteria. There was something special about someone other than the American president becoming the center of attention, especially for Americans. Since the dazzling appearance during her first public outing with her husband, Diana's wardrobe has become a constant center of attention.

Charity

Diana, Princess of Wales, whose rise in popularity owes much to her charitable work, has been instrumental in spreading awareness of the plight of people with AIDS. Her speeches on this subject were candid, and she did away with many prejudices. Simple gestures, such as Diana of Wales shaking hands with an AIDS patient, proved to society that social contact with the sick is safe.

Her patronage was not limited to boardrooms. She occasionally dropped in for tea at the charities she supported. Abroad, Princess Diana of Wales spoke of the plight of the underprivileged and outcast. During her visit to Indonesia in 1989, she publicly shook hands with lepers, dispelling widespread myths about the disease.

Family life

Diana always dreamed of a big family. A year after her marriage, on June 21, 1982, she gave birth to a son, Prince William. In 1984, on September 15, he had a brother, Henry, although he was better known simply as Harry. Diana was in favor of raising her children as conventionally as royal circumstances would allow.

William became the first male heir to be brought up in kindergarten. Private teachers did not teach their sons, the boys went to school with others. The mother insisted that the education they receive be as ordinary as possible, surrounded them with love and provided entertainment during the holidays.

But by the time Prince Harry was born, the marriage had become a façade. In 1987, when Harry went to kindergarten, the couple's separate life became public. The press has a holiday.

During an official visit to India in 1992, Diana sat alone at the Taj Mahal, the great monument of love. It was a graphic public announcement that while the couple had formally stayed together, they had in fact broken up.

Revealing book

Four months later, the publication of Diana: Her True Story by Andrew Morton did away with the tale. The book, based on interviews with some of the princess's closest friends, and with her own tacit consent, confirmed that the relationship with her husband was cold and distant.

The author recounted the princess's half-hearted suicide attempts during the first years of her marriage, her struggle with bulimia, and her obsession with believing Charles was still in love with the woman he dated years before, Camilla Parker-Bowles. The prince later confirmed that he and Camilla did indeed have an affair.

During a state visit to South Korea, Princess Diana of Wales and Charles were seen growing apart. Shortly thereafter, in December 1992, the divorce was officially announced.

Divorce

Diana continued her charitable work after the spat. She spoke about social issues, and sometimes, as in the case of bulimia, her donations were based on personal suffering.

Wherever she went, on public or private business, often with her children to whom she dedicated herself, the media was present to document the event. It became something of a PR battle with her ex-husband. Since her divorce, Diana, Princess of Wales has shown her skill in using the media to present herself in a favorable light.

She later spoke about what she thought her ex-husband's camp had done to make life difficult for her.

On 11/20/1995, she gave an unprecedented and surprisingly open interview to the BBC. She spoke to millions of television viewers about her postpartum depression, the breakdown of her marriage to Prince Charles, her tense relationship with the royal family in general, and, most shockingly, she claimed that her husband did not want to be king.

She also predicted that she would never become a queen and that instead she would like to become a queen in people's hearts.

Diana, Princess of Wales and her lovers

The pressure of the popular newspapers on her was relentless, and stories of male friends shattered her image as a resentful wife. One of these friends, Army officer James Hewitt, became the source of a book about their relationship, to her dismay.

Diana of Wales accepted the divorce only after insistence from the queen. When it came to its logical conclusion on August 28, 1996, she said that it was the saddest day of her life.

Diana, now officially the Princess of Wales, abandoned most of her charitable work and began to look for a new field of activity for herself. She had a clear idea that the role of "queen of hearts" should remain with her, and she illustrated this with visits abroad. In June 1997, Diana visited who was in poor health.

In June, she auctioned off 79 gowns and ball gowns that have appeared on magazine covers around the world. The auction raised £3.5m for charity and also symbolized a break with the past.

Tragic death

In the summer of 1997, Diana of Wales was spotted with Dodi Fayed, the son of millionaire Mohammed Al Fayed. Photos of the princess with Dodi on a yacht in the Mediterranean appeared in all the tabloids and magazines in the world.

The couple returned to Paris on Saturday 30 August after another holiday in Sardinia. After dinner at the Ritz that same evening, they drove out in a limousine and were pursued by motorcycle photographers who wanted to take more pictures of the couple in love. The chase led to tragedy in an underground tunnel.

Princess Diana of Wales was a breath of fresh air and brought glamor to the Windsor household. But she became a sad figure for many when the truth about her failed marriage was revealed.

Critics accuse her of depriving the monarchy of the mystical veneer so essential to its survival.

But by the strength of her character in difficult personal circumstances, and by her relentless support for the sick and destitute, Diana of Wales earned her respect. She remained a figure of public admiration and love to the end.

Among the people, Princess Diana was nicknamed the queen of human hearts for her endless kindness, constant participation in charity events and the sincerity that she gave to people. She gave birth to two wonderful sons, one of whom will definitely become the king of Great Britain. Now Lady Di could nurse her grandchildren, drink tea in the evenings and give advice to her daughters-in-law, but a terrible accident ended the life of the young princess.

Grade

Profession: Her Highness The Princess of Wales
Date of Birth: July 1, 1961 - August 31, 1997
Height and weight: 178 cm and 58 kg
Place of Birth: Sandringham, Norfolk, UK
Best works: Prince William Arthur Philip Louis and Prince Henry Charles Albert David
Awards: Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II, Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown, Order of Virtue Special Class

Diana Frances Spencer was born at Sandrigham Castle to a noble family. Her father, John Spencer, was Viscount Althorp, an old aristocratic family of the same Spencer-Churchill family as the Duke of Marlborough and Winston Churchill. Diana's paternal ancestors were carriers of royal blood through the illegitimate sons of King Charles II and the illegitimate daughter of his brother and successor, King James II.

Mother, Francis Root, was also not an easy one. Diana's grandmother, Lady Fermoy, was a lady-in-waiting to the Queen Mother, Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. In addition to Diana, the family had three more children. All four Spencer children were given great attention, they grew up surrounded by numerous governesses, servants and educators.

When the future princess was only eight years old, her parents divorced. The divorce process was very complicated and lengthy, as a result, all four children stayed with their father. Mother moved to London, where she quickly found a man and got married. The divorce had a strong effect on Diana, besides, the father brought into the house a woman who became the stepmother to the children, and with all the "quirks" that are described in fairy tales. The stepmother hated Spencer's children, annoyed them in every possible way and wanted to get rid of them by sending them to a boarding school.

For a long time she was homeschooled, Gertrude Allen, the former governess of Diana's mother, helped her to gnaw the granite of sciences. At the age of 12, Dee was admitted to a privileged girls' school at West Hill, in Sevenoaks, Kent. Here, the future princess showed all her wayward character, often skipped classes, was rude to teachers and studied poorly. As a result, the girl was expelled. At the same time, Diana's musical abilities were revealed, and she was also fascinated by dancing.

In 1977, Dee went to school in Switzerland, but unable to bear the separation from her home and loved ones, the girl quickly returned to her native England. In the same year, an acquaintance took place in Althorp, but the young people did not pay any attention to each other.

In 1978, she nevertheless graduated, moved to London, where she first stayed in her mother's apartment. On her 18th birthday, the girl was presented with her own apartment in the Earls Court area, where she lived with three friends. At the same time, Diana got a job as an assistant in a kindergarten "Young England" in Pimlico.

In 1980, the future. At that time, the heir to the throne was 32 years old and his parents were very worried about the fate of their son, who did not want to settle down. In addition, Queen Elizabeth was especially worried about Charles' relationship with a married lady, whose marriage was considered impossible at that time. Diana, distinguished by modesty, decency and noble origin, liked her, she approved her candidacy and literally forced her son to take the poor girl as his wife.

At first, Charles invited Diana to the royal yacht, then to Balmoral Castle to meet the royal family. The marriage proposal itself followed on February 6, 1981 at Windsor Castle. The wedding of Prince Spencer has become the most expensive ceremony in British history. The celebration took place on July 29, 1981 at St. Paul's Cathedral in London, after which the newlyweds went on a Mediterranean cruise.

But happiness did not last long ... Charles did not love his wife, while he tried with all his might to save the marriage, but in vain. The only outlet for the princess was her beloved sons - in the private wing of St. Mary's Hospital in the London district of Paddington and Harry, who was born on September 15, 1984 in the same hospital. Diana spent more time with her sons than a princess should. She refused nannies and governesses, took care of their own upbringing, chose schools and clothes for them, planned their excursions, and took them to school herself, as far as her busy schedule allowed.

End of 1980. Life has become a real nightmare. Charles did not hide his, ignored his wife's requests to settle down. It was getting harder and harder for the princess to remain calm in public, to hide her emotions at solemn ceremonies. She began to quarrel with Elizabeth II, who took the side of her son and did not want to listen to the reproaches of her daughter-in-law. The more passions ran high in the royal family, the closer Lady Di became to the people. She switched her attention from her husband's betrayal to charity, helped those in need not only financially, but also morally.

In 1990, she stopped hiding problems with her husband from the public, for which she became enemy No. 1 for the Queen. The divorce was a serious step and promised many problems for the royal family, but Diana could not come to terms with the betrayal and did not consider it necessary to follow the lead of Charles and the queen. Wanting to take revenge on her husband and put everyone in their place, Diana decided to tarnish her impeccable reputation, began to turn novels right and left, not hiding them from anyone.

The couple broke up only in 1992, but only in 1996, having received official permission from Elizabeth, they divorced. Having gained freedom, Diana managed to retain not only her title of Princess of Wales, but also the right to raise children. She continued her charitable and peacemaking activities, took a deep breath and got the opportunity to start all over again, to find a person who would truly love her.

After several short romances, in June 1997, Diana met the son of an Egyptian billionaire, film producer Dodi al-Fayed. Only two months will pass and the paparazzi will be able to capture the lovers together, making a real sensation out of an ordinary photo. Diana thought that her life would finally get better, that she would become Dodi's beloved wife and join the most powerful Muslim family in the world. But these dreams were not destined to come true.

On August 31, 1997, in Paris, a car in which Dodi al-Fayed tried to escape the persecution of the paparazzi flew at high speed into a tunnel in front of the Alma bridge on the Seine embankment and crashed into a support. Dodi died instantly, and Diana, taken from the scene to the Salpêtrière hospital, died two hours later.

The only survivor of this accident was bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones. He was seriously injured and does not remember the events. This tragedy shocked not only the people of Great Britain, but the whole world. The princess was buried on September 6 at the Spencer family estate of Althorp in Northamptonshire, on a secluded island.

Interesting facts about Princess Diana

Before starting a romantic relationship with Diana, Prince Charles met with her own older sister, Sarah Spencer.

For some time, Diana worked as a cleaner.

Diana crossed out from her wedding oaths about unquestioning obedience to her husband.

Diana had sharp mood swings: the servants repeatedly said that the princess could both give gifts to the attendants and reprimand to the fullest extent for the slightest offense, or even for nothing, depending on her mood.

In an interview, the princess said that she made two suicide attempts, one of which was during her first pregnancy.

Diana seriously considered for herself the possibility of converting to Islam and moving to Pakistan, to the heart surgeon Hasnat Khan, whom she met and was going to marry.

More than a million people attended, lined up from Kensington Palace to Westminster Abbey. And more than 2.5 billion viewers around the world watched the funeral procedure on TV.

In 1991, Diana became the first member of the royal family to come into direct contact with people infected with HIV - then it was considered a valor, because people did not yet know that HIV was not transmitted by shaking hands.

During the divorce, Diana received a record settlement - $ 37 million.

There are at least 50 different versions of the death of Princess Diana. The official blames its driver, Henri Paul, who was intoxicated.

More than 100 different songs are dedicated to Diana.

With actors John Travolta and Jack Nicholson and writer John Fowles.

The princess's favorite dish was cream pudding.

Diana often violated royal etiquette and dress code.

Lady Diana was afraid of horses.

In honor of Princess Diana, postage stamps were issued in Azerbaijan, Albania, Armenia, North Korea, Moldova, Romania, on the Pitcairn Islands, Tuvalu.

Many books have been written about Diana in various languages. Almost all of her friends and close collaborators spoke with reminiscences; there are several documentaries and even feature films.

In 2002, according to the results of a BBC poll, Diana was ranked third in the list of great Britons, ahead of the Queen and other British monarchs.

In the 2000s, a memorial complex dedicated to Diana was created in London and includes a walking route, a memorial fountain and a playground.

On July 20, 1981, an extraordinary event took place in the UK. For the first time in 300 years, a commoner has intermarried with a member of the royal family. Her name was Diana Spencer, his was Prince Charles. They saw each other 13 times before the 33-year-old prince proposed to Diana. The difference between them was also equal to thirteen - the girl was twenty, and in response to a request to marry him, Diana enthusiastically said "yes", confessing her love to the groom now. Charles restrainedly retorted - they say that we know about love. With such a muddy dialogue, the story of this couple began.

Lady Diana leaving the gardens of Buckingham Palace after announcing her engagement to Prince Charles in 1981

Diana invested in their relationship with all possible force - for example, she seriously lost weight for the wedding after Charles remarked that she was "overweight". And if in February 1981, when the first time the tailors took measurements for a wedding dress, measurements of her waist showed 73 centimeters, then after almost six months it was already 60. “Not long left, and it would be time already! The whole family is exhausted," the princess reported in a letter to the nanny Mary Clark at five minutes to five, concealing her own efforts and sacrifices. To lose weight, Diana caused herself to vomit and was often in a state close to fainting.

Strictly speaking, Diana Spencer was not a commoner. She was born July 1, 1961 in Sandringham, Norfolk to John Spencer. Her father was Viscount Althorp, a branch of the same Spencer-Churchill family as the Duke of Marlborough and Winston Churchill. Diana's paternal ancestors were carriers of royal blood through the illegitimate sons of King Charles II and the illegitimate daughter of his brother and successor, King James II.

The future princess with her parents, sister and brother in 1970

Diana spent her childhood in Sandringham, where she received her primary home education. She later studied at Sealfield, at a private school, and later at Riddlesworth Hall Preparatory School. When Diana was 8 years old, her parents divorced. She stayed with her father, along with her sisters and brother. The divorce had a strong influence on the girl, and soon a stepmother appeared in the house, who disliked the children.

In 1975, following the death of her grandfather, Diana's father became the 8th Earl Spencer and she received the courtesy title of "lady" reserved for daughters of high peers. At the age of 12, the future princess was accepted into a privileged school for girls in West Hill, in Sevenoaks, Kent. She turned out to be a bad student and could not finish it. At the same time, her musical and dancing abilities were beyond doubt.

In 1977, the girl attended school for some time in the Swiss city of Rougemont. But she began to miss home and returned to England ahead of schedule. In the winter of 1977, before leaving for training, she first met her future husband, Prince Charles, when he came to Althorp to hunt.

In 1978 Diana moved to London. As a gift for her 18th birthday, she received her own £100,000 apartment in Earls Court, where she lived with three friends. During this period, Diana began working as an assistant teacher at Young England Nursery School in Pimiliko.

Diana as a nanny in 1980, a year before she would marry Prince Charles

After the wedding, she believed that she was incredibly lucky, and not only because she had a life ahead of her in the status of a royal person. Diana dreamed of a real, happy family. The one that she herself was deprived of. In addition, she, apparently, really was in love with the prince.

Unlike her, Charles approached the choice of a wife much more pragmatically. Circumstances forced him to marry. The father was worried that his son would be considered a homosexual - how else to explain the bachelor life of the heir. Mother, Queen Elizabeth, also believed that the time had already come. Actually, she was more involved in choosing a wife for her son. An innocent young lady, a good pedigree, a meek character, a desire to "work as a mother" - Diana perfectly matched the requirements. The same could not be said about Charles' girlfriend, Camilla Parker-Bowles. First, she was not innocent. Secondly, she was married, bearing the surname Shend. And the most unpleasant - it was distinguished by a tough character, suggesting disobedience. In general, the decision was made - Diana. Not only Elizabeth gave her consent, but also Camilla. And Charles went to propose.

Next - six months that have passed from the engagement to the wedding in London's St. Paul's Cathedral. Charles' indifference. Bouquets of flowers sent by messenger, without postcards and cards - a formal expression of feelings. Forgetfulness of the groom - he promised, but did not call. And, of course, persistent rumors about him and Camille. Diana refused to believe that her future husband's affair with a married woman was still in full swing.

July 29, 1981 in London was hot in every sense. Onlookers crowded around the cathedral, feminists handed out badges that read "Don't do it, Di". Then there was the ceremony itself, which was watched by 700 million people around the world. There was a surprise that indicated that "timid Dee", yesterday's kindergarten teacher, always blushing from the attention of reporters, is not as simple as thought. From her wedding vow, the content of which has not changed for hundreds of years, the passage about obedience to her husband was excluded. Excluded at her own insistence, for the first time in the history of the throne.

As a result, the marriage of Charles and Diana was called a union of equals. Unheard of. “When she married Charles, I remember writing to her that this is the only person in the country with whom she could never divorce. Unfortunately, she could,” Diana’s nanny Mary Clark later recalled.

Family life began - and Diana's battle for the perfect marriage. First of all, she tried to win her husband back from her rival. And due to her youth and inexperience, she did not always behave wisely. She cried, threatened, persuaded, lured Charles. She cut veins, chest, stomach. "I was unhappy, and it was clear to everyone except Charles. Trying to cut my veins with a knife, I badly injured my arms and chest. But even this did not impress Charles," she later said. Having tried all possible options, the young wife asked her mother-in-law for help. And then a defeat awaited her: Elizabeth, without changing her face, listened to her daughter-in-law and declared that nothing could be done, Charles could not be corrected.

Meanwhile, the husband himself almost openly met with Camilla, and saw his wife from time to time. And certainly did not seek to find a common language with her and build a full-fledged family. “There were three of us in the marriage, and it was crowded for everyone,” Diana admits after the divorce. The children, the sons William and Harry, saved, all her love went to them.

This nervous ambiguity lasted until the early 90s. The new decade brought mutual cooling. They portrayed husband and wife, only going out into the world. They saw each other there. So another five years passed, and in 1995, the grown-up Diana decided to change her life. She needs a divorce. Just like that, she would not have received it - although the whole court knew about Charles's relationship with Camilla, this could not be a good reason. Publicity was required.
Towards the end of the year, Diana appeared in one of the BBC programs, where she said that there were really three of them in marriage. There was a terrible scandal, what happened was what Diana was waiting for: Elizabeth demanded a divorce. And Charles agreed.

Retaining the title of Princess of Wales, Diana started from scratch. Public life - charity, support of various funds, the fight against cancer, AIDS, anti-personnel mines, hunger, meetings with politicians, ordinary people, the Pope and Mother Teresa (the latter became her spiritual mentor). On June 15-16, 1995, the princess made a short visit to Moscow. She visited the Tushino Children's Hospital, which she had previously provided charitable assistance to (the princess donated medical equipment to the hospital), and Elementary School No. 751, where she solemnly opened a branch of the Waverly House fund for helping children with disabilities. She spent about 40 minutes in the Tushino hospital, and about 2 hours at school No. 751.

Diana in Moscow, 1995

Her personal life ceased to be personal, turning into a not too long series that unfolded on the pages of tabloids. The first and one of the most high-profile novels of Diana happened while still married. She was briefly on close terms with her riding instructor, James Hewitt. This relationship gave her self-confidence, the affair gradually ceased to be a secret for the royal court and allowed Diana to behave more boldly with Camilla and her entourage. When their relationship ended, Diana informed James that she was simply looking for solace on the side. Hewitt was depressed, then he lost his job - he was fired from the army for redundancy. He was silent for a long time, but in the end he nevertheless contributed his share to the general chorus of memories of Diana. However, he did not say a single bad word about her.

After a divorce in 1996, Diana began an affair with Pakistani doctor Hasnat Khan. The couple tried not to advertise their relationship, although they were constantly seen together. They broke up a year later, Khan believed that a possible marriage would make his life unbearable due to strong cultural differences, as well as Diana's desire for independence and love of high society. Diana was crushed.

A few months later, she began dating the son of billionaire Mohammed Al-Fayed Dodi. They had known each other before, but their romance at first was only a consolation for her. However, Diana gradually began to be imbued with the strength and charm of Dodi, brought her children to his villa in Saint-Tropez, and later, a month before her death, in a note addressed to him, she thanked him for the joy brought into her life.

At the end of August 1997, Dodi and Diana traveled on a yacht along the coast of Italy. On August 30, the couple flew to Paris, from there the next day the Princess of Wales planned to go home to her children. On the last day of summer, Dodi was choosing a ring, obviously an engagement ring, and, apparently, for Diana. They then had dinner together at the Ritz Hotel. We went down to the car, sat down, accompanied by bodyguard Trevor-Reese Jones and driver Henri Paul.

Last photo. The night before the fatal accident, Princess Diana and Dodi al-Fayed were filmed on a security camera at the Ritz Hotel in Paris on August 31, 1997.

A few minutes later, a terrible accident occurred in the tunnel in front of the Alma bridge on the Seine embankment - a Mercedes S280 crashed into a wall. Dodi and the driver died on the spot, Diana, taken from the scene to the Salpêtrière hospital, died two hours later.

The cause of the accident is not entirely clear, there are a number of versions (alcohol intoxication of the driver, the need to escape at speed from the persecution of the paparazzi, as well as various conspiracy theories). The only surviving passenger of the Mercedes S280 car, bodyguard Trevor Rhys Jones, who was seriously injured (his face had to be restored by surgeons), does not remember anything. It is also noted that passengers, including Diana, were not wearing seat belts, which also played a role in their deaths.

Tens of thousands of mourners left flowers and photos of Princess Diana outside Kensington Palace

Thus ended the life of a brilliant princess who gave a lot of time and energy to charity and became extremely popular thanks to romantic relationships with very different men. And then began the legend of a beautiful woman who sought happiness for herself and for others.

Diana Francis Spencer, Her Highness the Princess of Wales, was born on July 1, 1961 in Norfolk to an English aristocratic family. Her father, John Spencer, the bearer of the title of Viscount Althorp, came from the ancient Spencer-Churchill family, carriers of royal blood descended from Charles II, who became famous as the "jolly king." Charles had 14 recognized illegitimate sons who received the title, a large number of unrecognized children and not a single heir born in an official marriage. However, thanks to this king, the list of aristocratic families of England has noticeably expanded.

The dynasty to which Princess Diana belonged can be proud of such eminent sons as Sir and the Duke of Marlborough. The ancestral property of the Spencer family is Spencer House, located in the Westminster quarter in central London. Diana's mother Francis Shand Kydd also comes from an aristocratic family. Diana's maternal grandmother was a lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.

The biography of the future princess was also beyond claims. The future Princess Diana received her primary education at Sandringham, where she spent her childhood. Lady Dee's first teacher was Gertrude Allen, a governess who had previously taught the girl's mother. Diana received her further education at the private Sealfield School, and later studied at Riddlesworth Hall. As a child, the character of the future princess was not difficult, but she was always quite stubborn.

According to the recollections of teachers, the girl read and drew well, dedicating her drawings to her mother and father. Diana's parents divorced when she was 8 years old, which was a great shock for the child. As a result of the divorce proceedings, Diana stayed with her father, and her mother left for Scotland, where she lived with her new husband.

The next place of study for the future Princess of Wales is the privileged school for girls West Hill in Kent. Here, Diana did not show herself as a diligent student, and her passion was music and dancing, and, according to rumors, Lady Di was not given the exact sciences in her youth, and she even failed her exams several times.

In 1977, Diana and Prince Charles met in Althorp, but at that time the future spouses did not pay serious attention to each other. In the same year, Diana studies in Switzerland for a short time, but returns home due to strong homesickness. After graduation, Diana began working as a nanny and kindergarten teacher in the prestigious Knightsbridge area of ​​London.

Prince Charles and the wedding

In 1980, Diana again falls into the circle of friends of Prince Charles. The bachelor life of the heir to the throne at that time was a serious cause for concern for his parents. Queen Elizabeth was especially worried about her son's relationship with a noble married lady, with whom the prince did not even try to hide his relationship. In this situation, the candidacy of Diana Spencer for the role of princess was happily approved by the royal family, Charles and, according to some rumors, even Camilla Parker-Bowles.

The prince invited Diana first to the royal yacht, after which an invitation was received to Balmoral Castle to meet the royal family. Charles proposed at Windsor Castle, but the engagement was kept secret for some time. The official announcement took place on February 24, 1981. The symbol of this event was the famous ring of Princess Diana - a precious sapphire surrounded by fourteen diamonds.

Lady Di became the first English woman in 300 years to marry the heir to the throne.

The wedding of Prince Charles and Diana Spencer has become the most expensive wedding ceremony in British history. The celebration took place at St. Paul's Cathedral in London on July 29, 1981. The wedding ceremony was preceded by a parade through the streets of London by a carriage with members of the royal family, a march of the Commonwealth regiments and the "Glass Carriage", in which Diana and her father arrived.

Prince Charles was dressed in the dress uniform of Commander of Her Majesty's Navy. Diana wore a £9,000 gown with an 8m train designed by young English designers Elizabeth and David Emanuel. The design of the dress was kept in the strictest confidence from the public and the press, the dress was delivered to the palace in a sealed envelope. The head of the future princess was decorated with a family heirloom - a tiara.

Diana and Charles' wedding has been called the "fairytale wedding" and the "wedding of the century". According to experts, the audience watching the live broadcast of the celebrations on the world's main TV channels amounted to more than 750 million people. After a formal dinner at Buckingham Palace, the couple took the royal train to the Broadlands estate before flying to Gibraltar, from where Charles and Princess Diana began their Mediterranean cruise. At the end of the cruise, another reception was given in Scotland, where members of the press were given permission to photograph the newlyweds.

The wedding celebrations cost taxpayers nearly £3 million.

Divorce

The personal life of the crowned family was not so fabulous and soon attracted the attention of the public with several scandals, in which, according to the press, various lovers and mistresses constantly appeared. According to rumors, even at the time of the marriage proposal from Charles, Diana was aware of his relationship with Camilla Parker-Bowles. Subsequently, it became increasingly difficult for the princess to restrain jealousy and protect the reputation of the family, since Prince Charles not only did not interrupt the extramarital affair, but also openly admitted it. The situation was complicated by the fact that in the person who took the side of her son in this conflict, Princess Diana received an influential opponent.

In 1990, the delicate situation could no longer be hidden, and this situation received wide publicity. During this period, Princess Diana also confesses her relationship with the riding coach James Hewitt.

In 1995, according to rumors, Diana met her true love. While visiting a friend in the hospital, the princess accidentally met the heart surgeon Hasnat Khan. The feelings were mutual, but the constant attention of the public, from which the couple even fled to Khan's homeland, Pakistan, and the active condemnation of Khan's parents, both his role as the princess's de facto lover, and the freedom-loving views of the woman herself, did not allow the novel to develop and, perhaps, deprived a chance for the happiness of two people who are truly in love.

At the insistence of Queen Elizabeth, Charles and Diana officially divorced in 1996, four years after the actual breakup of their family. Married to Prince Charles, two sons were born: Welsh and Welsh.

After the divorce, Diana, according to journalists, begins a relationship with a film producer, the son of the Egyptian billionaire Dodi al-Fayed. Officially, this connection was not confirmed by any of the close friends of the princess, and in the book written by Diana's butler, the fact of their relationship is directly denied.

Doom

On August 31, 1997, Princess Diana was killed in a car accident. During Diana's visit to Paris, the car, in the cabin of which, in addition to the princess herself, were Dodi al-Fayed, bodyguard Trevor Rhys Jones and driver Henri Paul, passing through the tunnel under the Alma bridge, collided with a concrete support. The driver and Dodi al-Fayed died instantly at the scene. Princess Diana died two hours later at the Salpêtrière hospital. The princess's bodyguard survived, but received severe head injuries, as a result of which he does not remember anything about the moment of the accident itself.

Princess Diana's wrecked car

The death of Princess Diana was a shock not only for the people of Great Britain, but for the whole world. In France, mourners have turned a Paris copy of the torch of the Statue of Liberty into a spontaneous memorial to Diana. The funeral of the princess took place on 6 September. Lady Dee's grave is on a secluded island at Althorp Manor (the Spencer family estate) in Northamptonshire.

Many factors are mentioned among the causes of the car accident, starting with the version according to which the princess's car tried to break away from the paparazzi car chasing them, and ending with the version regarding. Until now, there are many rumors and theories about the causes of death of the beloved princess.

A Scotland Yard report published ten years later confirmed the fact of a two-fold excess of the speed allowed for movement on the road section under the Alma Bridge, discovered during the investigation, as well as the presence of alcohol in the driver’s blood, which exceeded the allowable rate three times.

Memory

Princess Diana enjoyed the sincere love of the people of Great Britain, who affectionately called her Lady Dee. The princess did a lot of charity work, donating significant funds to various foundations, was an activist in the movement seeking a ban on anti-personnel mines, and provided people with material and moral assistance.

Sir dedicated the song “Candle in the Wind” to her memory, and the song “Privacy”, in which he not only expressed grief for the princess, but also talked about the burden of constant attention and gossip, which, perhaps, is indirectly to blame for the death of Lady Dee.

10 years after the death, a film was made dedicated to the last hours of the life of the princess. Songs, "Depeche mode" and "Aquarium" are dedicated to her. Postage stamps are issued in her honor in many countries of the world.

According to a BBC poll, Princess Diana is one of the most popular faces in British history, ahead of other English monarchs in this ranking.

Awards

• Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
• Order of Virtue Special Class

Diana, Princess of Wales(English) Diana, Princess of Wales), born Diana Frances Spencer(English) Diana France Spencer; July 1, Sandringham, Norfolk - August 31, Paris) - from 1981 to 1996, the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, heir to the British throne. Widely known as princess Diana , lady diana or lady di. According to a poll conducted in 2002 by the BBC broadcaster, Diana took 3rd place in the list of the 100 Greatest Britons in history.

Biography

Diana spent her childhood in Sandringham, where she received her primary home education. Her teacher was the governess Gertrude Allen, who taught Diana's mother. She continued her education at Sealfield, at a private school near King's Line, then at Riddlesworth Hall Preparatory School.

When Diana was 8 years old, her parents divorced. She stayed with her father, along with her sisters and brother. The divorce had a strong influence on the girl, and soon a stepmother appeared in the house, who disliked children.

In 1975, after her grandfather's death, Diana's father became the 8th Earl Spencer and she received the courtesy title of "lady", reserved for daughters of high peers. During this period, the family moves to the ancient ancestral castle of Althorp House in Northamptonshire.

At the age of 12, the future princess was admitted to a privileged girls' school at West Hill, in Sevenoaks, Kent. Here she turned out to be a bad student and could not finish it. At the same time, her musical abilities were not in doubt. The girl was also fascinated by dancing. In 1977 she briefly attended school in the Swiss city of Rougemont. Once in Switzerland, Diana soon began to feel homesick and returned to England ahead of schedule.

In the winter of 1977, before leaving for training, she first met her future husband, Prince Charles, when he came to Althorp to hunt.

In 1978 she moved to London, where she initially stayed in her mother's apartment (who then spent most of her time in Scotland). As a gift for her 18th birthday, she received her own apartment worth 100,000 pounds in Earl's Court, where she lived with three friends. During this period, Diana, who previously adored children, began working as an assistant teacher at Young England Nursery School in Pimiliko.

Family life

Shortly before her death, in June 1997, Diana began dating film producer Dodi al-Fayed, the son of the Egyptian billionaire Mohamed al-Fayed, but apart from the press, none of her friends confirmed this fact, and this is also denied in the book of Lady Diana's butler - Paul Barrela, who was a close friend of the princess.

public role

Diana was actively involved in charitable and peacekeeping activities (in particular, she was an activist in the fight against AIDS and the movement to stop the production of anti-personnel mines).

She was one of the most popular women in the world of her time. In the UK, she has always been considered the most popular member of the royal family, she was called the "queen of hearts" or " queen of hearts"(Eng. Queen of Hearts).

Visit to Moscow

Doom

On August 31, 1997, Diana died in a car accident in Paris, along with Dodi al-Fayed and driver Henri Paul. Al-Fayed and Paul died instantly, Diana, taken from the scene (in the tunnel in front of the Alma bridge on the Seine embankment) to the Salpêtrière hospital, died two hours later.

The cause of the accident is not entirely clear, there are a number of versions (alcohol intoxication of the driver, the need to escape at speed from paparazzi harassment, as well as various conspiracy theories). The only surviving passenger of the car "Mercedes S280" with the number "688 LTV 75", bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones (English)Russian, who was seriously injured (his face had to be restored by surgeons), does not remember the events.

Celebrity ratings

In 1998, Diana was named one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century by Time magazine.

In 2002, Diana was ranked third on the Great Britons list, ahead of the Queen and other British monarchs, in a BBC poll.

In literature

Many books have been written about Diana in various languages. Almost all of her friends and close collaborators spoke with reminiscences; there are several documentaries and even feature films. There are both fanatical fans of the memory of the princess, insisting even on her holiness, and criticism of her personality and the pop cult that has arisen around her.

In music

In 2007, 10 years after her death, on the day when Princess Diana would have turned 46 years old, a commemorative concert called “Concert for Diana” was held, the founders were Princes Harry and William, world music and film stars performed at the concert. The concert took place at the famous Wembley Stadium in London, opened by Diana's favorite band, Duran Duran.

In 2012, American singer Lady Gaga performed a song dedicated to Princess Diana during one of her shows on The Born This Way Ball world tour. The song is called "Princess Die"

In cinema

On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Diana's death, the film "Princess Diana. Last Day in Paris, which describes the last hours of Lady Diana's life.

In 2006, the biopic The Queen was filmed, which describes the life of the British royal family immediately after the death of Princess Diana.

In philately

In honor of Princess Diana, postage stamps were issued in Albania, Armenia, North Korea, Pitcairn, Tuvalu.

Write a review on the article "Diana, Princess of Wales"

Literature

• Yauza-Press. Princess Diana. Life, told by herself. (A woman of the era. A unique autobiography) 2014- ISBN 978-5-9955-0550-1
• D. L. Medvedev. Diana: A lonely princess. - M .: RIPOL classic, 2010. - ISBN 978-5-386-02465-9.
• N. Ya. Nadezhdin. Princess Diana: "The Tale of Cinderella": Biographical Stories. - M.: Major, Osipenko, 2011. - 192 p. - ISBN 978-5-98551-199-4.

Notes

1. After her divorce in 1996, Diana ceased to be Her Royal Highness and Princess of Wales, but, as is customary among divorced peer wives, her personal name was supplemented by a reference to the lost title of Princess of Wales.
2. Officially, she never had such a title, since only members of the royal house by birth have the title of "prince / princess + name" with rare exceptions.
4. (July 15, 1981). Retrieved 23 July 2013.
5. Newspaper "Izvestia", May 13
6. , March 12, 1994
7. Article on the site celtica.ru
8. (Russian). dni.ru (16:42 / 12/14/2006). Retrieved October 4, 2009. .
9. Faulkner, Larissa J.. Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies.
10. . Am Ia Annoying.com.
11. . wayback machine.
12. (Russian). onuz.net. Retrieved October 4, 2009. .
13. Alexandra Zakharova.(Russian). Russian newspaper. rg.ru (December 2, 2013). Retrieved 26 January 2014.

Links

An excerpt characterizing Diana, Princess of Wales

If the goal of the European wars of the beginning of this century was the greatness of Russia, then this goal could be achieved without all the previous wars and without invasion. If the goal is the greatness of France, then this goal could be achieved without a revolution, and without an empire. If the goal is to spread ideas, then printing would do it much better than soldiers. If the goal is the progress of civilization, then it is quite easy to assume that, in addition to the destruction of people and their wealth, there are other more expedient ways for the spread of civilization.
Why did it happen this way and not otherwise?
Because that's how it happened. “Chance made the situation; genius took advantage of it,” says history.
But what is a case? What is a genius?
The words chance and genius do not designate anything really existing and therefore cannot be defined. These words only denote a certain degree of understanding of phenomena. I don't know why such a phenomenon occurs; I think I can't know; therefore I do not want to know and I say: chance. I see a force producing an action disproportionate to universal human properties; I don’t understand why this is happening, and I say: genius.
For a herd of rams, that ram, which every evening is driven off by a shepherd into a special stall to feed and becomes twice as thick as the others, must seem like a genius. And the fact that every evening this very ram ends up not in a common sheepfold, but in a special stall for oats, and that this very same ram, drenched in fat, is killed for meat, must seem like an amazing combination of genius with a whole series of extraordinary accidents. .
But sheep need only stop thinking that everything that is done to them is only to achieve their sheep goals; it is worth admitting that the events happening to them may have goals that are incomprehensible to them - and they will immediately see unity, consistency in what happens to the fattened ram. If they do not know for what purpose he was fattening, then at least they will know that everything that happened to the ram did not happen by accident, and they will no longer need the concept of either chance or genius.
Only by renouncing the knowledge of a close, understandable goal and recognizing that the ultimate goal is inaccessible to us, we will see consistency and expediency in the life of historical figures; we will discover the reason for the action that they produce, disproportionate to universal human properties, and we will not need the words chance and genius.
One has only to admit that the purpose of the unrest of the European peoples is unknown to us, and only the facts are known, consisting in murders, first in France, then in Italy, in Africa, in Prussia, in Austria, in Spain, in Russia, and that movements from the west to east and from east to west constitute the essence and purpose of these events, and not only will we not need to see the exclusivity and genius in the characters of Napoleon and Alexander, but it will be impossible to imagine these faces otherwise than as the same people as everyone else; and not only will it not be necessary to explain by chance those small events that made these people what they were, but it will be clear that all these small events were necessary.
Having renounced the knowledge of the ultimate goal, we will clearly understand that just as it is impossible to invent for any plant other colors and seeds more appropriate to it than those that it produces, in the same way it is impossible to invent two other people, with everything their past, which would correspond to such an extent, to such smallest details, to the appointment that they were supposed to fulfill.

The basic, essential meaning of the European events at the beginning of this century is the militant movement of the masses of the European peoples from west to east and then from east to west. The first instigator of this movement was the movement from west to east. In order for the peoples of the West to be able to make that militant movement to Moscow, which they did, it was necessary: ​​1) that they should be formed into a militant group of such a size that would be able to endure a clash with the militant group of the East; 2) that they renounce all established traditions and habits, and 3) that, in making their militant movement, they should have at their head a man who, both for himself and for them, could justify the deceptions, robberies and murders that accompanied this movement.
And since the French Revolution, the old, insufficiently great group has been destroyed; old habits and traditions are destroyed; step by step, a group of new dimensions, new habits and traditions are being worked out, and that person is being prepared who must stand at the head of the future movement and bear all the responsibility of those who have to be accomplished.
A man without convictions, without habits, without traditions, without a name, not even a Frenchman, by the most strange accidents, it seems, moves between all the parties that excite France and, without sticking to any of them, is brought to a conspicuous place.
The ignorance of his comrades, the weakness and insignificance of opponents, the sincerity of lies and the brilliant and self-confident narrow-mindedness of this man put him at the head of the army. The brilliant composition of the soldiers of the Italian army, the unwillingness to fight opponents, childish audacity and self-confidence gain him military glory. An innumerable number of so-called accidents accompanies him everywhere. The disfavor into which he falls with the rulers of France serves him well. His attempts to change the path destined for him fail: he is not accepted for service in Russia, and his assignment to Turkey fails. During the wars in Italy, he is several times on the verge of death and each time he is saved in an unexpected way. Russian troops, the very ones that can destroy his glory, for various diplomatic reasons, do not enter Europe as long as he is there.
On his return from Italy, he finds the government in Paris in the process of decay, in which people who fall into this government are inevitably erased and destroyed. And by itself for him is a way out of this dangerous situation, consisting in a senseless, causeless expedition to Africa. Again, the same so-called accidents accompany him. Impregnable Malta surrenders without a shot being fired; the most careless orders are crowned with success. The enemy fleet, which will not let a single boat through after, lets the whole army through. In Africa, a whole series of atrocities is committed against almost unarmed inhabitants. And the people who commit these atrocities, and especially their leader, assure themselves that this is wonderful, that this is glory, that this is similar to Caesar and Alexander the Great, and that this is good.
That ideal of glory and greatness, which consists in not only considering nothing bad for oneself, but taking pride in every one of one's crimes, attributing to it an incomprehensible supernatural significance - this ideal, which should guide this person and people associated with him, is developed in the open space in Africa. Everything he does, he succeeds. The plague doesn't get to him. The cruelty of killing prisoners is not blamed on him. His childishly careless, causeless and ignoble departure from Africa, from comrades in trouble, is credited to him, and again the enemy fleet misses him twice. While he, already completely intoxicated by the happy crimes he had committed, and ready for his role, came to Paris without any purpose, that decay of the republican government, which could have ruined him a year ago, now reached an extreme degree, and the presence of his fresh from the parties of man, now only can exalt him.
He has no plan; he is afraid of everything; but the parties seize upon him and demand his participation.
He alone, with his ideal of glory and greatness worked out in Italy and Egypt, with his madness of self-adoration, with his audacity of crimes, with his sincerity of lies, he alone can justify what has to be done.
He is needed for the place that awaits him, and therefore, almost regardless of his will and despite his indecision, in spite of the lack of a plan, in spite of all the mistakes that he makes, he is drawn into a conspiracy aimed at seizing power, and the conspiracy is crowned with success. .
He is pushed into the meeting of the rulers. Frightened, he wants to run, believing himself dead; pretends to faint; says meaningless things that should have ruined him. But the rulers of France, who were formerly sharp-witted and proud, now, feeling that their role has been played, are even more embarrassed than he is, they say the wrong words that they should have spoken in order to retain power and destroy him.
Accident, millions of accidents give him power, and all people, as if by agreement, contribute to the establishment of this power. Accidents make the characters of the then rulers of France subordinate to him; accidents make the character of Paul I, recognizing his authority; chance makes a conspiracy against him, not only not harming him, but asserting his power. Chance sends Enghiensky into his hands and inadvertently forces him to kill, thereby, stronger than all other means, convincing the crowd that he has the right, since he has the power. What happens by chance is that he exerts all his strength on an expedition to England, which, obviously, would destroy him, and never fulfills this intention, but inadvertently attacks Mack with the Austrians, who surrender without a fight. Chance and genius give him victory at Austerlitz, and by chance all people, not only the French, but all of Europe, with the exception of England, which will not take part in the events that are about to take place, all people, despite their former horror and disgust for his crimes, now they recognize him for his power, the name that he gave himself, and his ideal of greatness and glory, which seems to everyone to be something beautiful and reasonable.
As if trying on and preparing for the upcoming movement, the forces of the west several times in 1805, 6, 7, 9 years tend to the east, growing stronger and stronger. In 1811, the group of people that had taken shape in France merges into one huge group with the middle peoples. Along with an increasing group of people, the power of justification of the person at the head of the movement further develops. In the ten-year preparatory period of time preceding the great movement, this man comes into contact with all the crowned heads of Europe. The unmasked rulers of the world cannot oppose any reasonable ideal to the Napoleonic ideal of glory and greatness, which has no meaning. One before the other, they strive to show him their insignificance. The King of Prussia sends his wife to seek favors from the great man; the emperor of Austria considers it a mercy that this man receives the daughter of the Caesars in his bed; The pope, guardian of the holy things of the nations, serves with his religion to exalt the great man. Not so much Napoleon himself prepares himself for the performance of his role, but everything around him prepares him to take upon himself the entire responsibility of what is being done and has to be done. There is no deed, no crime or petty deception that he would commit and which would not immediately be reflected in the mouths of those around him in the form of a great deed. The best holiday that the Germans can think of for him is the celebration of Jena and Auerstät. Not only is he great, but his ancestors are great, his brothers, his stepsons, sons-in-law. Everything is done in order to deprive him of the last power of reason and prepare him for his terrible role. And when he is ready, the forces are ready.
The invasion is heading east, reaching its final goal - Moscow. The capital is taken; the Russian army is more destroyed than the enemy troops were ever destroyed in previous wars from Austerlitz to Wagram. But suddenly, instead of those accidents and genius that have so consistently led him until now by an uninterrupted series of successes to the intended goal, there is an innumerable number of reverse accidents, from a cold in Borodino to frost and a spark that ignited Moscow; and instead of genius there are stupidity and meanness, which have no examples.
The invasion flees, returns back, flees again, and all accidents are now constantly no longer for, but against it.
A countermovement from east to west takes place, with a remarkable resemblance to the previous movement from west to east. The same attempts to move from east to west in 1805-1807-1809 precede the great movement; the same clutch and a group of huge sizes; the same pestering of the middle peoples to the movement; the same hesitation in the middle of the journey and the same speed as it approaches the goal.
Paris - the ultimate goal achieved. The Napoleonic government and troops are destroyed. Napoleon himself no longer makes sense; all his actions are obviously pathetic and vile; but again an inexplicable accident happens: the allies hate Napoleon, in whom they see the cause of their disasters; deprived of strength and power, convicted of villainy and deceit, he should have appeared to them the way he seemed to them ten years ago and a year after, a robber outside the law. But by some strange chance, no one sees it. His role is not over yet. A man who ten years ago and a year after was considered an outlaw robber is sent on a two-day journey from France to an island given to him for possession with guards and millions who pay him for something.

The movement of nations is beginning to take its course. The waves of great movement have receded, and circles form on the still sea, along which diplomats rush about, imagining that it is they who produce the lull in the movement.
But the calm sea suddenly rises. It seems to diplomats that they, their disagreements, are the cause of this new onslaught of forces; they expect war between their sovereigns; their position seems insurmountable. But the wave they feel rising is not coming from where they are waiting for it. The same wave rises, from the same starting point of movement - Paris. The last splash of movement from the west is being made; a splash that should solve the seemingly insoluble diplomatic difficulties and put an end to the militant movement of this period.
The man who devastated France, alone, without a conspiracy, without soldiers, comes to France. Every watchman can take it; but, by a strange chance, not only does no one take it, but everyone greets with delight that person who was cursed a day ago and will be cursed in a month.
This person is also needed to justify the last cumulative action.
The action has been completed. The last part has been played. The actor is ordered to undress and wash off the antimony and rouge: he will no longer be needed.
And several years pass in that this man, alone on his island, plays a miserable comedy in front of himself, petty intrigues and lies, justifying his deeds, when this justification is no longer needed, and shows the whole world what it was what people took for strength when an invisible hand led them.
The steward, having finished the drama and undressed the actor, showed him to us.
“Look what you believed! There he is! Do you see now that it was not he but I who moved you?
But, blinded by the force of the movement, people did not understand this for a long time.
Still greater consistency and necessity is the life of Alexander I, the person who stood at the head of the countermovement from east to west.
What is needed for that person who, overshadowing others, would be at the head of this movement from east to west?