Prepare a report on winter sports. Winter sports for children

Winter sports

Winter sport is a sport played on snow or ice, that is, mainly in winter.

Winter sports include: ski race,biathlon, freestyle, snowboarding,luge , figure skating , skeleton, short track,hockey, curling.

Winter sports have received the greatest development in the following countries: Austria, Germany, Italy, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, USA, Finland, France, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, Sweden, Japan. They host world and European championships, national championships, sports societies, and sports competitions.

The main winter sports are included in the winter program Olympic Games, which have been held since 1924.

Winter Games on snow:

Ski race - skiing races over a certain distance on a specially prepared track among persons of a certain category. Refer to cyclic types sports Olympic sport since 1924.

Biathlon is a winter Olympic sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting.

Freestyle -type of skiing. Freestyle disciplines are ski acrobatics, moguls, ski cross, halfpipe, slopestyle.

Snowboard - an Olympic sport that involves descending from snow-covered slopes and mountains to special projectile- snowboarding.

Ski orienteering - Ski orienteering competitions are held in conditions of stable snow cover in the following disciplines: given direction, on a marked course or a combination of these types

Winter games on ice

Luge - This is a downhill competition on a single or double sleigh on a pre-prepared track. Athletes sit on the sled on their backs, feet first. The sled is controlled by changing body position.

Figure skating - speed skating is a complex coordination sport. The main idea is to move an athlete or a pair of skaters on ice, changing the direction of skating and performing additional elements to the music.

In figure skating there are 4 main ones: basic elements: steps, spirals, spins and jumps. There are also a number specific elements, performed in one type of figure skating, for example, lifts, twists, throws, tops in pair skating.

Skeleton - a winter Olympic sport, which is a descent down an ice chute on a two-runner sleigh on a reinforced frame, the winner of which is determined by the sum of two or four races.

Skating . Rules:In classic speed skating, people run in pairs - one athlete is on the outer track, the other on the inner track, changing tracks every lap. Races are run counterclockwise. In a team pursuit race, two teams of three skaters start on opposite straights and run the entire distance along the inner track.

Short track ( speed skating on a short track) is a form of speed skating. In competitions, several athletes (usually 4-8: the longer the distance, the more athletes in the race) simultaneously skate along an oval ice track 111.12 m long.

Hockey with a ball - winter sports team game, held on an ice field with the participation of two teams (ten field players and one goalkeeper each).

Hockey . Team sport game on the ice, which consists of a confrontation between two teams on skates, who, passing the puck with their sticks, try to throw it greatest number once into the opponent's goal and not into your own. The team that scores the most goals into the opponent's goal wins.

Curlin G- a team sports game on an ice rink. Participants of two teams alternately launch special heavy granite projectiles (“stones”) across the ice towards a target marked on the ice (“house”). Each team has four players.

Today, winter sports are in no way inferior in their importance and entertainment value to summer sports; they attract stadiums of fans, a huge crowd of people of different ages deals with them, both professionally and amateurly. The sports facilities for winter sports are being developed and improved. Athletes involved in summer sports are also forced to resort to winter sports, so winter sports will develop, sports equipment will be improved so that athletes achieve high results and set new records.

Outside, winter is a wonderful time of year, a time of gifts, magic, tangerines and aromatic tea... A time for Christmas films, warm blankets and gatherings with friends... And also a time for active pastime! Winter sports, which we will talk about in this article, will help you diversify your leisure time and provide great entertainment for the kids.

Winter Olympic sports

It is no coincidence that Winter Olympic sports are the most widespread. There are a huge variety of them. They are presented in various categories: snow sports, skating, skiing and ice. IN different years each of them became a mandatory event for competition at the Olympic Games. So, what winter Olympic sports officially exist today? According to the Russian Olympic Sports Organization, among those held in winter period Games include cross-country skiing, cross-country skiing or Nordic combined, which includes the actual racing and, in addition, ski jumping. There are individual and team competitions. In 2002, the Olympic Games program included the new kind Nordic combined – sprint. Biathlon, ski jumping, alpine skiing, freestyle skiing and snowboarding are also known throughout the world.

Alpine skiing is a sport that involves descending from a mountain. different ways at high speed. There are giant slalom, simple slalom, super-G, downhill and alpine combined. Freestyle is divided into acrobatics (difficult jumps from springboards of different heights (2.1 m, 3.2 m, 3.5 m)) and moguls. Mogul is an extremely difficult descent with a large height difference along the route with mandatory jumps. What snowboarding is is clear to everyone - descending on a board at speed or performing various acrobatic exercises.

Ice sports include sledding and skating. There are only two types of luge sports: bobsleigh and skeleton. Bobsleigh is a descent from an artificial ice slide on a special sled (bobsled) at high speed. There are individual and team competitions. Skeleton is a subtype of bobsleigh, the difference lies in how the athlete goes down the slide. In bobsleigh this is done while sitting on the fifth point, and in skeleton - lying on the bobsleigh facing forward.

There are more Olympic skating sports than luge. This includes speed skating, ice hockey, figure skating, and short track speed skating, which is a high-speed race on a hockey rink (essentially, it is mini speed skating). Distances can be 500 m, 1 km, 1.5 km and a 3 km relay. There is also curling - a team game on ice (2 teams of 4 people), the essence of which is to hit the stone as close to the scoring circle as possible. Ideally, the player manages to push away the opponent's stone with his stone.

Among those Olympic sports that are not well-known, iceboating stands out. This is a race on special light sailing boats on skates (buers) on ice. As you can see, winter and summer species sports differ significantly from each other. However, both of them are in a great way physical development and raising children.

Winter sports for children

Now let's say a few words about what winter sports for children exist, and which of them can be chosen for children's activities. You should start playing sports from a very young age. It is not at all necessary to immediately set records or set three year old baby for professional alpine skiing. It is enough to instill in your child a love of sports and active pastime. It will be much more fun for a child to run around on small children's skis after mom and dad or learn how to navigate in a winter forest than to puff around on a skating rink or ski slope, following the instructions of strict trainers. Everything has its time. Take your time, let your child understand for himself which children's winter sports he prefers. You just need to give him food for thought by telling him in detail and preferably demonstrating what he can do. Winter sports, the list of which we have compiled for you, will surely appeal to little fidgets

In the first place we will place hiking and race walking, as well as terrain orienteering. What could be better than a walk along winter forest at a brisk pace? Just walking through the forest, the child not only actively moves and develops physically, but also learns a lot new information O winter nature, observes the behavior of squirrels and birds, learns observation skills by looking at bird tracks in the snow, etc. It is only important to correctly distribute the load. Alternate brisk walking for 10 minutes with a 5-minute walk at a steady pace to regain your breath and admire the beauty of nature. Diversify the walking by adding sticks; give the child ski poles on which he will lean while walking. Walking exercises different muscle groups well, making your baby strong and healthy.

In addition to walking, do orienteering in the forest. Let the child follow a route marked in advance with bright flags. You can also come up with a quest. Orienteering develops spatial thinking in children, which will certainly be useful to them in the future. In addition, your child will receive an additional “bonus” from such walks - natural inhalations and a positive effect on the immune system.

Of course the baby can. For the youngest athletes (2-3 years old) it will be enough to ride simple cross-country skis purchased in children's store, along a broken track. Older children, of course, need slides to slide down. As the child learns to stand confidently on skis and feels inclined to do so, you can go with him to professional slopes for beginners and practice in. Skiing is useful because it teaches children to control their arms and legs smoothly, developing their coordination and dexterity.

Now let's talk about figure skating. According to experts, you can put your child on skates for the first time when he turns 2 years old. To get started, use special beginner skates with two runners. They are much easier to learn to ride. After your child learns to skate on double-slide skates, buy him figure skates. They secure the ankle better than hockey ones, protecting the child from injury. In addition, due to the structure of the blades, figure skates are more stable and safe.

Whatever sport you choose, make sure you have the proper equipment and protection (including spine protection and special Sunglasses with ultraviolet filter). In addition, purchase from home first aid kit ointment for sprains and bruises, plaster, elastic bandage and frostbite remedy. Now you are ready to conquer any winter sport! We wish you and your children clear snowy weather and sporting success this winter!

Nordic combined.

2. Speed ​​skating - speed skating, figure skating, short track.

3. Ice hockey.

4. Biathlon.

5. Curling.

6. Luge.

7. Bobsleigh – bobsleigh, skeleton.

beans. Bobsleigh tracks are not natural - they are specially equipped. Bobsleigh included in the program Olympic Games since 1924.

According to historical facts, bobsleigh originated in Switzerland. The date of birth is considered to be 1888. A tourist from England, Wilson Smith, in order to get from the city of St. Moritz (by the way, the Winter Olympic Games were subsequently held in this city twice) to locality Celerina, who is below, used two sleds, connecting them together with a board.
Skiing present in the program Olympic Games since 1936 (IV Winter Olympic Games, Germany, Garmisch-Partenkirchen). Alpine skiing is called downhill skiing, on specially designed skis, along a specific route.

According to generally accepted opinion, the birthplace of alpine skiing is the Scandinavian Peninsula. We know about downhill skiing competitions that took place in Norway in 1767. The first official, documented competitions took place in 1905 - in the Alps.

The emergence of curling is associated with Scotland in the early 16th century. The first curling club is the Kilsyth Players' Association (Scotland), which was founded in 1716. Gradually, curling became widespread in many countries of the world. The first world curling championship was held in 1959.

Nordic combined consists of two sports disciplines. One of them is ski jumping, the other is cross-country skiing. Springboards can be 90 m or 120 m in height. The race distance is different for each type of double event. What is common to all types is that they first pass ski jumping , and the next day cross-country skiing ,
Ski racing are called competitions when participants need to cover a certain distance on skis. The winner is the one who reaches the finish line first.

The first historical mention of cross-country skiing competitions dates back to 1767. This happened in Norway. The mass passion for cross-country skiing began in late XIX century, when national-level ski clubs began to appear in many countries. International Federation skiing was established in 1924. In the same year ( I Winter Olympic Games, Chamonix, France ) ski race took their place permanent place in the program of the Olympic Games.

The birth of this sport took place in Norway.

Skeleton was included in the Olympic Games program for the first time in 1928 ( II Olympiad, St. Moritz, Switzerland ). This is due to the fact that only this city had a track suitable for skeleton. This state of affairs has not changed for a long time. For the second time, a set of Olympic awards was played out in the same St. Moritz, where the V Winter Olympics were held. This happened in 1948. Then there was a very long break when the Olympic medals in skeleton were not awarded.

Skeleton originated from tobogganing, which was widespread among the Indians of Canada. Such a descent involved sliding, or even better, sliding, down a mountain on a useless sleigh, which at that time was made of wood.
Snowboard- this is a type of winter sports discipline, which is a descent from a slope on a special board - a snowboard. At the same time, athletes compete against time and to perform various jumps and acrobatic elements.

The first mentions of such descents, vaguely reminiscent of snowboarding, date back to the beginning of the 20th century. But snowboarding began to develop in the 60s of the last century.

It is believed that figure skating originated in Holland in the 13th century. It was there that iron skates appeared. By the way, they are called skates because before, their front part was decorated with horse figures. Figure skating began to develop in Great Britain. Mandatory figures were also created there. The first international competition took place in 1882. This happened in Vienna (Austria). The first rules for figure skating were published in 1772 (Great Britain). Figure skating appeared in Russia under Peter I.

Short track translated from in English(short track) literally, like “short track”. This discipline is a type of high-speed skating in a circle within the hockey rink. The perimeter of the skating rink for short track speed skating is 111.12 meters. Short track is a speed skating sport.