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How to grow porcini mushrooms at home. Where to buy mycelium for growing boletus mushrooms

Have you not noticed how much there is Lately Are there programs on TV dedicated to the preparation of various dishes? And after the release of the series “Kitchen,” the profession of a cook, according to Forbes magazine, generally rose sharply in the ranking of the highest paid professions. In parallel with this, prices for various delicacies have also risen (of course, a large share of the blame for this lies with the current crisis). But what’s interesting is that despite the “jump” in prices for gourmet products, their cost for the manufacturer has hardly increased for many product categories. Take, for example, the cultivation of porcini mushrooms - tell me, how can this business depend on supplies from the West? Right! No way!

Porcini mushrooms have always been considered the “elite” of the mushroom kingdom, and their price has always been an order of magnitude higher than, say, chanterelles, honey mushrooms, or boletus. That is why growing porcini mushrooms is the most profitable option. Some time ago I told my readers about how to organize a business for growing mushrooms on stumps (oyster mushrooms and honey mushrooms). In response, I received quite a few letters with questions and requests for information on how to grow porcini mushrooms, and so I finally decided to consider this issue in detail.

Brief business analysis:
Costs of setting up a business:10,000 - 40,000 rubles
Relevant for cities with the population: no limits
Industry situation:the market is poorly developed
Difficulty of organizing a business: 3/5
Payback: 1 year

In the “mushroom business,” of course, residents of rural areas have all the advantages; there are land areas and natural conditions that are perfectly suitable for growing mushrooms. But this does not mean at all that city residents cannot try this business. In the end, many have their own dachas, plots of land with greenhouses in villages, and simply basements in apartment buildings.

It is immediately necessary to make a reservation that there is a lot of specialized literature on large-scale cultivation of porcini mushrooms, which, if desired, can be found on the Internet, or purchased in bookstores, and the acquired knowledge can be applied in practice. But in order to try your hand at this business, to evaluate its “taste”, the knowledge that you will find in this article will be quite enough.

Why grow and not collect?

A completely logical question: why do mushrooms need to be grown? After all, with the same success you can simply collect them in the forest! I agree, but mushrooms are a seasonal product and in winter you will have to look for another source of income until next summer. There are other advantages:

Grown mushrooms are an environmentally friendly product. Currently, due to the almost widespread pollution of forests, even natural mushrooms, grew up in natural conditions, are in doubt about their usefulness.
If the necessary conditions are created, porcini mushrooms can be grown all year round.
In case of surplus production, which, due to the huge demand for them, I very much doubt (but still, suddenly!), mushrooms can be frozen, pickled, or dried. By the way, the cost of dried porcini mushrooms is 2-3 times higher than fresh ones. In Moscow, their price reaches 5-7 thousand per 1 kilogram.
There are no problems or restrictions if you want to expand production.
Mushrooms don't require a lot of daily grooming, which means you'll have plenty of free time.

This is interesting: in some countries you cannot pick mushrooms as freely as in Russia. For example, in the Czech Republic you need to obtain permission from the municipal authorities and pay a special tax for this right.

Growing scheme

At the end of the century before last, there was such a method of breeding porcini mushrooms: young mushrooms were placed in wooden barrels, filled with rainwater, and left to brew for 24 hours. After which they were mixed so that they broke into small pieces and filtered through a sieve. The resulting infusion was used to water the areas near the trees, and a bountiful harvest was harvested the following year.

Nowadays, there is an almost completely similar technology, in which you need to break the cap of an adult porcini mushroom into small pieces, also soak it in water for a day, and then water the soil in the place of cultivation.

Growing porcini mushrooms indoors is a bit of a hassle. In this case, to grow porcini mushrooms, you need to prepare compost in advance. To do this take:

Dry chopped straw
fine sawdust
Sunflower seed husks
You can add a little chalk or plaster there
Use as fertilizer chicken droppings(can be replaced with cow or horse)

The entire mixture must be poured hot water, and leave for 2-3 weeks. During this time, the compost needs to be watered and shaken several times. After which you can add the mycelium of porcini mushrooms and place them in the prepared places.

For reference: mycelium is a mycelium, the thinnest threads, a kind of roots of mushrooms, with which they connect with each other and are used for reproduction.

The mycelium of any mushroom is freely sold in specialized stores and costs from 100 to 700 rubles, depending on the variety. Porcini mushroom mycelium in Moscow can be purchased for 150-180 rubles.

The necessary conditions

Let's look at exactly what conditions are needed in order for the “return” of mushrooms to be maximum.

Porcini mushrooms can be grown in a greenhouse, in boxes in the basement, on old farms, or in storage buildings. In principle, it is possible to grow porcini mushrooms at home, perhaps even in an apartment, but it is still better to do it in personal plot– I’m afraid that your household will not support your desire to establish “mushroom production” in the house.

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms in industrial conditions most often occurs in large greenhouses, which requires considerable costs. We are considering a small, one might say, “home” business, but “a bad soldier is the one who does not dream of becoming a general”? Who knows, maybe after some time you will start growing porcini mushrooms not on your own plot, but on huge areas.

An important condition for the room is its ventilation. Mushrooms, almost like all living organisms, need oxygen; in addition, they emit a lot of carbon dioxide, so ventilation in the room should be ensured.

Another important factor for growing mushrooms - maintaining a constant, stable temperature. The optimal temperature is considered to be 8-12 0 C. If necessary, you can install a small stove in the room, or, if possible, connect 1-2 heating radiators.

The next point that requires attention is humidity. Mushrooms are delicate organisms and can dry out very quickly, so you should always maintain high air humidity - approximately 90-92%. Containers installed in the place where mushrooms are grown can cope with this task. Filled with water.

When planting mycelium, it practically does not need light; growing mushrooms will only need daytime natural light, or short-term artificial lighting if mushrooms are grown in the basement. In winter, mushrooms also need to be “highlighted” a little. But keep in mind that mushrooms prefer darkness.

What documents are needed for growing and marketing porcini mushrooms?

In order to be able to sell your products to stores or trade them on the market, you will need to obtain:

The conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor, for which you will need to submit samples of your products to the service’s laboratory. Here you will be given a radiology protocol, according to which anyone can make sure that your mushrooms are free of heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticides, etc.
Mandatory - a product quality certificate from Rosstandart.
Approved Rules for the storage and transportation of mushrooms and mushroom products.

Where to sell mushrooms

Where to sell your products? This. Perhaps the most “sick” for any businessman. With mushrooms, things are somewhat simpler in this regard - such products do not stay stale. And quite often orders are given for mushrooms that have not yet grown.

But one way or another, you will still have to look for sales points - you need to somehow make yourself known to wholesale buyers, which you may become.

How to grow White mushroom in the country? This question is increasingly being asked by gardeners who are tired of constantly going into the forest to pick mushrooms. It’s so convenient to have a mycelium on your plot, which constantly brings a harvest healthy mushrooms!

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is a very simple process if you approach it wisely.

Before you start growing these valuable mushrooms at your dacha, you should familiarize yourself with some features. As a rule, porcini mushrooms are wildlife grow in conifers and mixed forests. Myceliums interact well with the roots of these trees. Therefore, it is almost impossible to find porcini mushrooms in a clean clearing.

This must be taken into account before placing the mycelium on your site. It is best to do this in a place where at least one small Christmas tree or pine tree grows. Under such trees, not only will mushrooms constantly appear, but all other plants around will feel comfortable. After all, pine resin and substances released into the air by this tree kill all pathogenic bacteria.

All porcini mushrooms do not tolerate fruit trees in the neighborhood very well. And often myceliums simply do not take root and die in places near such trees.

Be sure to take this into account and place the mycelium at least near wooden pine buildings or under bushes if there are no necessary trees nearby.

How to breed porcini mushrooms

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms in summer cottages can be done in several ways. And you need to choose the most suitable option for yourself. Now let's look at some of the simplest and at the same time uncomplicated ways to grow porcini mushrooms at home.

How to grow porcini mushroom directly under a tree? Please note that the mycelium should be located under the same type of tree from which it was previously dug out in the forest. Otherwise, nothing will work.

First you need to remove around the tree upper layer soil. This must be done within a radius of no more than 0.7 m from the trunk. It is recommended to remove the soil to a depth of about 25-30 cm. Now into the resulting hole you need to pour and evenly distribute the previously prepared organic material from dug up soil, leaves or needles and pieces of tree bark under which you plan to grow mushrooms.

Now you can lay a thin layer of mycelium and sprinkle it on top with a mixture of loose soil with sand and leaves or needles. Do not sprinkle or trample heavily. All that remains is to water everything from above from a watering can and wait for the first harvest to appear.

The second option for growing porcini mushrooms is to grow them from fresh caps. This is a simpler method, but in most cases you have to wait a little longer for the harvest. For breeding, you do not need to dig up the entire mycelium or part of it in the forest. It will be enough to collect at least 10 mushrooms, the diameter of whose caps is 10-15 cm.

It is best to immediately check the fruiting bodies so that they are not too wormy. Ideally, when you break off a piece of the cap, you will see juicy green flesh. If there are several worms or insects on the mushroom, it’s not a big deal.

The main thing is that the entire cap is not wormy. Under the same trees where the mushrooms will be collected, you should collect some twigs, leaves, needles and soil. All this will be useful for the subsequent cultivation of mushrooms on the site.

This growing method is also called sowing. First you need to prepare the material for sowing. To do this, all collected fruiting bodies should be lightly washed in water, and then placed to soak in a bucket of rain or spring water. The next day, you need to knead everything thoroughly with your hands to get a homogeneous paste. But practice shows that it is never possible to do everything perfectly. Therefore, it is additionally recommended to once again pass the mashed pulp through a fine sieve or cheesecloth.

Using the same sieve (gauze), separate the pulp from the water. The seed and spore liquid are now ready. All that remains is to prepare the place. To do this, lightly loosen the top layer of soil around the tree, then water it with the resulting mushroom water. When the liquid is absorbed into the soil, scatter the mushroom pulp evenly on top. All this should be sprinkled on top with soil from under the same tree and not watered again. big amount water so as not to clog the soil.

To ensure that mushrooms begin to grow as quickly as possible, try to constantly moisten the soil. But you shouldn’t overdo it with water either.

The optimal amount of liquid per tree is approximately 4 buckets. It is advisable to water the mycelium with water at the same temperature as the surrounding air.

Growing porcini mushrooms (video)

Other things to remember

What is needed to grow porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse? The answer to this question is quite simple. Nothing special! Growing in a greenhouse involves the same actions, only the mycelium should additionally be covered with a special material that allows light and air to pass through.

Growing in a greenhouse should be done in the cold season and in the summer when the nights are cold(it is recommended to cover the soil with garden film, after sprinkling the mycelium with needles or small twigs and leaves). In the warm season, there is no need to create a greenhouse, since the mushrooms themselves must take root and begin to quickly grow and reproduce in the area.

It must be remembered that usually after planting mycelium in the ground, the first harvest appears only the next year. Therefore, you should not expect that mushrooms will begin to grow in the same season. After all, the mycelium must take root in a new place and adapt to the conditions. If we're talking about about sowing porcini mushrooms with the help of fruiting bodies, which was already mentioned a little higher, then the harvest here can be waited for 2 years, since the spores must develop sufficiently to sprout and turn into delicious mushrooms.

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is not so difficult if you follow all the above tips. All you need is a little attention and patience, then you can constantly collect porcini mushrooms on the site, which are very healthy and aromatic. Just be extremely careful. Do not confuse porcini mushrooms with others, so as not to place mycelium or fruiting bodies with spores of poisonous or inedible mushrooms.

How to grow mushrooms in the country (video)

Gallery: porcini mushrooms (15 photos)

Growing porcini mushrooms yourself at home seems to many to be a very attractive idea. After all, the porcini mushroom (or, as it is also called, boletus mushroom) is almost the most famous and widespread edible mushroom, growing in the Russian Federation. It looks simple but expressive - a thick white leg and a fleshy brown cap. Today porcini mushrooms are used to prepare sauces, soups and many other delicious dishes. One of the features of the porcini mushroom is that it does not change its color during heat treatment.

Under natural conditions, boletus grows in moderately humid places with different levels illumination, under deciduous (oak, birch, beech) or coniferous (pine and spruce) trees.

Growing porcini mushrooms yourself requires creating conditions that are as close to natural as possible. This is not so easy, it requires some effort and some patience to achieve results. Let’s say it’s much simpler - many people do it even on the balcony.

Boletus mushrooms can be grown in two main ways:

outdoors (for example, in your dacha or garden plot);
indoors.

The second method, which involves creating a completely artificial environment, requires more significant investments. However, with the right approach, they can certainly pay off.

Preparation of seed material

Whichever method of these two is chosen, first you need to prepare special seed material. And here you need to know a lot of subtleties. The fruiting bodies of ordinary boletus mushrooms are suitable as raw materials. Moreover, if you want to grow them in your garden plot under an oak tree, then you need to take those porcini mushrooms that grow precisely under the oak tree. The need for such precision is due to the fact that boletus mushrooms interact quite closely with the trees next to which they are located.

In the harvested fruiting bodies, all the stems are separated from the caps. In the future, we will only need caps, and even dried and worm-eaten ones can be used. They need to be placed in a bowl with cold water(by the way, you can add alcohol to the water at the rate of 3 glasses per 10 liters, this will further stimulate the germination of spores). In addition, you need to add 1 gram of potassium permanganate here and leave for a couple of hours.

Then you should add sugar to this basin - 15-20 teaspoons per 10 liters of water. That's almost all - the mixture just needs to brew in some heated room (if it's winter outside). The result is a liquid containing a large number of boletus dispute.

Buying ready-made mycelium for growing

You can take a simpler route and buy ready-made porcini mushroom mycelium in gardening stores. Foreign goods are considered the best on this market, but in any case, you should first buy a small trial batch.

When purchasing, be sure to specify:

strain and variety;
fouling rates;
resistance of this mycelium to mold;
shelf life.

In addition, it doesn’t hurt to talk to gardeners who have already grown boletus mushrooms on their plot - they will certainly give useful recommendations.

Good, high-quality mycelium should have a rich red color with small splashes of yellow. If there are green and black spots on the mycelium, and a nasty ammonia smell emanates from the packaging, it means the product is damaged and cannot be used.

Purchased mycelium can be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature not exceeding +4 degrees Celsius. Here it can be kept for up to three months without any problems.

Proper preparation of substrates

Another important stage- preparation of the substrate, that is, a mixture in which the porcini mushroom can grow. This substrate consists of sunflower husks, straw, hardwood sawdust, buckwheat, etc. But it should not contain mold or rotten pieces at all, otherwise you will not be able to grow your own boletus crop on the plot.

The substrate, before placing mycelium or spores in it, must be saturated with moisture. There are two methods for this - steam treatment and boiling water treatment. Regardless of the chosen processing technology, the substrate must retain such properties as breathability. The material can be left directly in plastic bags during processing.

How to grow boletus mushrooms in open spaces

Now let’s figure out how porcini mushrooms are grown on a personal plot. Of course, in this area there should be suitable tree(or trees). And within a radius of one meter from this tree, the first thing you need to do is remove a layer of earth about 15 centimeters thick. Seed material with spores should be poured onto the roots (which should never be damaged!). For every 25 square centimeters you need about 350 milliliters seed material. Then you need to fill everything back with earth and water it with several buckets of water (it’s better to pour it over the trunk, carefully, so as not to wash away the spores). Optimal time sowing when choosing this method - from mid-August to mid-September.

The mycelium (mycelium) needs to be planted differently on the site. To do this, a pit is dug 30 centimeters deep and 1.5 square meters wide. The substrate is placed in it in layers of 10 centimeters - it is alternated with soil in such a way as to form a bed 20 centimeters high. By the way, it is worth providing it with sloping edges, this will allow moisture to drain rather than stagnate.

In this case, it is necessary to plant myceliums in a checkerboard pattern, and the distance between them should be 30 centimeters or more. Then the bed needs to be watered and covered with leaves.

The optimal time for planting mycelium is the end of summer or the beginning of September, but it must be borne in mind that the harvest in this case will not be in the same month, but only in next year. And as soon as next summer comes, you need to remember about the mushroom bed and start watering it at least once every seven days.

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium on your own site is more difficult than growing from spores, but ultimately it gives more high yield from one tree.

How to grow boletus mushrooms indoors

The difficulty here is that for planting you need to prepare not only the substrate and seed, but also the room itself. This could be the basement of a house, a special greenhouse, or, for example, an ordinary barn.

The substrate material for planting mushrooms indoors must be boiled for 60-80 minutes without putting it out of standard plastic bags. Then you need to drain the water (for example, by making several holes in the bag) and put the substrate under something heavy. After cooling, it can already be taken to the room where the mycelium was prepared for planting (here it is purchased mycelium that is needed, and not a self-prepared planting mixture) and where the mushrooms will subsequently grow. This room must be sterile, for which it should be treated with a one percent chlorine solution.

When mixing mycelium and substrates, ventilation, if any, should be turned off to prevent spores from scattering. Happening this procedure as follows: the mycelium and substrate are placed on a disinfected clean table and mixed manually. The weight of planting material should be 3–5% of the weight of the substrate.

Then the grafted substrate must be put into whole bags - from 5 to 15 kilograms in each. Moreover, the substrate should be compacted as tightly as possible. Then you need to make several neat holes with the blade. It is better to make cuts at an angle of 45 degrees, and each of them should be no more than 5 millimeters.

These bags then need to be placed on pre-prepared incubation shelves. There should be ventilation holes at the edges of each shelf. Air should circulate freely here, but only after the mycelium incubation period, which lasts three weeks.

In addition, there must be a distance of at least 5 centimeters between the bags. Comfortable temperature for growing boletus mushrooms is approximately +25 degrees. If the temperature exceeds +30, the mushrooms may suffer heat stroke and not germinate.

Plus, the room must have high humidity (85 to 95 percent). And to prevent mold from growing in such conditions, you need to clean the room every day with a chlorine solution. Such difficulties, of course, scare off many potential breeders, and they prefer to either plant mushrooms on the site or not plant at all. But actually possible result may well be worth the effort, and quite a few people have already turned growing boletus indoors into a good business.

Porcini mushrooms will begin to bear fruit for the first time about a month after planting.

To keep the mushrooms firm and not watery, you should water the bags with water using a spray bottle once a day. And this water should have a temperature in the range from +10 to +25 degrees. To prevent moisture from stagnating, the room must be ventilated after watering.

The time for the second fruiting will come in another couple of weeks. In general, with proper care, porcini mushrooms grown indoors will produce a harvest for six months continuously. Of course, some bags can become moldy, and they need to be taken out of the room in a timely manner, but throwing them away is not always important - they can be a good organic fertilizer.

So, growing porcini mushrooms can be done in several ways, each of which has its own difficulties and characteristics. You must, of course, choose the one that will be easier for you to implement. Note that growing mushrooms in a personal plot or in a basement can be not only a pleasant hobby, but also quite successful business. At least there is a demand for porcini mushrooms among the population.

Growing porcini mushrooms yourself at home seems to many to be a very attractive idea. After all, the porcini mushroom (or, as it is also called, boletus) is almost the most famous and widespread edible mushroom growing in the Russian Federation. It looks simple but expressive - a thick white leg and a fleshy brown cap. Today porcini mushrooms are used to prepare sauces, soups and many other delicious dishes. One of the features of the porcini mushroom is that it does not change its color during heat treatment.

Under natural conditions, boletus mushrooms grow in moderately humid places with different levels of light, under deciduous (oak, birch, beech) or coniferous (pine and spruce) trees.

Boletus mushrooms can be grown in two main ways:

outdoors (for example, in your dacha or garden plot);
indoors.

The second method, which involves creating a completely artificial environment, requires more significant investments. However, with the right approach, they can certainly pay off.

Preparation of seed material

In the harvested fruiting bodies, all the stems are separated from the caps. In the future, we will only need caps, and even dried and worm-eaten ones can be used. They need to be placed in a bowl of cold water (by the way, you can add alcohol to the water at the rate of 3 cups per 10 liters, this will further stimulate the germination of spores). In addition, you need to add 1 gram of potassium permanganate here and leave for a couple of hours.

Buying ready-made mycelium for growing

When purchasing, be sure to specify:

strain and variety;
fouling rates;
resistance of this mycelium to mold;
shelf life.

In addition, it doesn’t hurt to talk to gardeners who have already grown boletus mushrooms on their plot - they will certainly give useful recommendations.

Purchased mycelium can be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature not exceeding +4 degrees Celsius. Here it can be kept for up to three months without any problems.

Proper preparation of substrates

Another important stage is the preparation of the substrate, that is, a mixture in which the porcini mushroom can grow. This substrate consists of sunflower husks, straw, hardwood sawdust, buckwheat, etc. But it should not contain mold or rotten pieces at all, otherwise you will not be able to grow your own boletus crop on the plot.

How to grow boletus mushrooms in open spaces

Now let’s figure out how porcini mushrooms are grown on a personal plot. Of course, there must be a suitable tree (or trees) in the area. And within a radius of one meter from this tree, the first thing you need to do is remove a layer of earth about 15 centimeters thick. Seed material with spores should be poured onto the roots (which should never be damaged!). For every 25 square centimeters you need about 350 milliliters of seed. Then you need to fill everything back with earth and water it with several buckets of water (it’s better to pour it over the trunk, carefully, so as not to wash away the spores). The optimal sowing time when choosing this method is from mid-August to mid-September.

In this case, it is necessary to plant myceliums in a checkerboard pattern, and the distance between them should be 30 centimeters or more. Then the bed needs to be watered and covered with leaves.

The optimal time for planting mycelium is the end of summer or the beginning of September, but it must be taken into account that the harvest in this case will not be in the same year, but only next year. And as soon as next summer comes, you need to remember about the mushroom bed and start watering it at least once every seven days.

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium on your own plot is more difficult than growing from spores, but ultimately it gives a higher yield per tree.

How to grow boletus mushrooms indoors

When mixing mycelium and substrates, ventilation, if any, should be turned off to prevent spores from scattering. This procedure occurs as follows: the mycelium and substrate are placed on a disinfected clean table and mixed manually. The weight of planting material should be 3–5% of the weight of the substrate.

Plus, the room must have high humidity (85 to 95 percent). And to prevent mold from growing in such conditions, you need to clean the room every day with a chlorine solution. Such difficulties, of course, scare off many potential breeders, and they prefer to either plant mushrooms on the site or not plant at all. But in fact, the possible result may well be more than worth the effort, and quite a few people have already turned growing boletus indoors into a good business.

Porcini mushrooms will begin to bear fruit for the first time about a month after planting.

To keep the mushrooms firm and not watery, you should water the bags with water using a spray bottle once a day. And this water should have a temperature in the range from +10 to +25 degrees. To prevent moisture from stagnating, the room must be ventilated after watering.

So, growing porcini mushrooms can be done in several ways, each of which has its own difficulties and characteristics. You must, of course, choose the one that will be easier for you to implement. Let us note that growing mushrooms in a personal plot or in a basement can be not only a pleasant hobby, but also a completely successful business. At least there is a demand for porcini mushrooms among the population.

The porcini mushroom is deservedly and rightfully considered the standard for other mushrooms. It looks attractive - with a fleshy brown cap on a white pot-bellied leg, and taste qualities his are magnificent. When fried, porcini mushrooms emit a special, nutty aroma. The mushroom got its name - white - because its cut does not darken when dried and cooked, maintaining a juicy, appetizing structure. And today we will look at growing porcini mushrooms at home and more.

White mushroom: description

Almost everywhere, the porcini mushroom is also called boletus. It is also called the bear cub, the white capercaillie, and the capercaillie. Whatever else they call it forest beauty across numerous corners of Russia, it always looks distinctive:

The cap of the boletus is colored Brown color. It changes its convexity as the mushroom ages. From a semi-cylindrical shape small mushroom it gradually makes the transition to the almost flat, about 20 cm in diameter, cap of an adult mushroom.
The leg is always whitish, with characteristic brownish vertical veins. At first it has the shape of a barrel, and as it grows it stretches into a dense, powerful cylinder.

Now you can visually distinguish the white mushroom (you received the description) from others forest mushrooms.

Varieties of porcini mushrooms

The porcini mushroom has many forms, and their varieties depend on the trees under which the mushroom grows and with which it enters into symbiosis:

The pine form is perhaps the most colorful of the porcini mushroom species. It has a cap of a beautiful brown color and a stem with a slightly purple tint, slightly thicker at the bottom.
The spruce form is the most common in middle lane Russia. The hat is brownish-reddish, with spots and a rim along the edge. The leg is barrel-shaped, covered to the middle with a fine mesh.
Oak form - strong porcini mushrooms with elastic brown caps with a grayish tint.
Dark bronze form - the name speaks for itself. The caps are dark and wrinkled; legs are brownish.

Boletus mushrooms growing in shaded areas have a lighter colored cap. And their counterparts grown in the sun have a rich brown top. The fungus does not tolerate heavily shaded and mossy places at all. For example, it will not grow in a dense forest. And he will choose slightly shaded or sunny places that are comfortable for himself.

Growing mushrooms in the country

If a mushroom picker returns from the forest with a basket full of boletus mushrooms, it means that his mushroom picking was not in vain. Many people wonder whether it is possible to grow mushrooms in the countryside in order to admire beautiful landscape, and, of course, it is guaranteed to have a rare product on the table. Yes, growing the king of mushrooms in a garden plot is quite possible, although not an entirely easy task. You need to know the intricacies and features of breeding this fastidious forest tree, but as a result of hard work, the first porcini mushrooms will grow near your country house.

So, growing mushrooms in the country. It will not be possible to achieve results easily because the porcini mushroom belongs to the group of mycorrhiza-forming plants, which indicates their long and very complex fusion and interweaving with the roots of the trees under which they live. This is a very complex and vital symbiosis for fungi. Without a tree, or rather its roots, the so-called fungal root cannot form and the fruit growing on the surface will not develop. Therefore, unfortunately, it will not be possible to grow porcini mushrooms in a bare area.

A long-standing and well-proven method of cultivation is in an area where trees grow between ten and thirty years old. The porcini mushroom settles under pine, spruce, oak, birch, and beech. Matching tree species when replanting mycelium is necessary. The more similar the conditions of a dacha boletus plantation are to their forest location, the greater the chance that they will successfully take root.

White mushrooms at home

If you wish, you can master growing mushrooms at home by studying the accumulated experience of scientists from Holland. Using the technologies they recommend, you can grow the product in greenhouses and underground cellars.

Growing a plantation using the intensive method, which is what is being adopted at home, has its own difficulties. One of them is considerable investment, the purchase of equipment to ensure the required temperature and humidity in the room. But this method of cultivation also has considerable advantages - fertility throughout the entire season and good speed ripening. For effective indoor propagation, it is recommended to use cultivation from mycelium.

Requirements for planting material

It is advisable to purchase planting material from suppliers with recommendations, carefully study all the initial data of the mycelium indicated on the label. It is very important to pay attention to the smell and color of the mycelium. If there is a weak ammonia smell, immediately discard the batch of planting material - it was overheated and is now no longer viable. The color of healthy exudate is orange with a slight yellowish tint.

Having brought home packages with purchased mycelium, you need to cool them, ventilate them, and only then begin preparation before storing. The contents of the packages are crushed without tearing the packaging. Thereby supporting a gentle and adaptive temperature regime for the future mycelium. When laying, sterility is very important:

it is necessary to work with gloves;
premises for growing porcini mushrooms and storing mycelium should be separate;
When opening the package, it is necessary to treat it with a disinfectant solution.

Mushroom cultivation technology

To complete the topic of the previous paragraph, let's start with the method of germinating crops at home. So, growing mushrooms at home. Here are the main stages of work indoors:

Boiling in bags for 1-1.5 hours and subsequent cooling of the substrate. (Punch holes in bags to drain water).
Mixing mycelium and substrate on disinfected tables. The availability of domestic material should be at the level of 5%, and imported - 2.5%.
Putting the mixture into bags. Pack the grafted substrate tightly into the bags, flatten one side and make several cuts for mushroom germination.
Place the bags vertically on the shelves. Watering is normal, without excessive waterlogging. Ventilation of the room is mandatory.
If the care was correct, the mushroom harvest can be harvested for at least six months.

This is how porcini mushrooms are grown at home. Yes, it's quite difficult, but it's worth it.

Garden growing methods

Growing porcini mushrooms at home is very different from growing them on a personal plot. But first things first.

To grow porcini mushrooms on the site, first prepare the site for laying the mycelium. Compost or soil with peat is placed on top of the top layer of soil previously removed with a shovel. Place the planting material and cover it with the previously removed layer of turf.

The most effective options for preparing seed material are to bring several pieces of mycelium the size of egg from the forest. Such preparations are planted in the soil without cultivation; it is only important to comply with at least two conditions:

The trees under which boletus mushrooms grew in nature must be the same species as the plants at the new planting site.
You need to dig up the material very carefully - porcini mushrooms have difficulty merging with the roots and restoring the connection with the satellite tree.

Sowing forest mycelium

How to grow porcini mushrooms if it is not possible to purchase high-quality planting material?

The method of sowing mycelium using the cap and tubular part of the porcini mushroom gives a very good effect. Take 5-6 mature caps, maybe even with wormholes, and soak them in a bucket of water for a day. Then the contents are kneaded with your hands. The grounds are separated into another container. The thick mass is the body of the mushroom, and it will also come in handy. The remaining liquid with a large number of spores is poured onto the bare roots of the tree, then everything is covered with a layer of thick mushroom substance and sprinkled with previously removed soil. It is necessary to carefully water the planted mycelium and carry out subsequent watering once a week in the absence of rain.

Now you are familiar with growing porcini mushrooms at home and at garden plot, where, if all technologies are correctly followed, you can get a boletus harvest the first time in a year or two. Good luck!

Thanks to its rich taste and delicate aroma, the porcini mushroom is considered the most valuable trophy with “ quiet hunt" However, not all gourmets like to wander through the forests in search of prey, and this delicacy is not cheap. However, there is a way out! Let's find out how to grow porcini mushrooms on own plot.

How to prepare seed yourself

To grow mushrooms at home, you need to stock up on seed material. To prepare it yourself, you need to find overripe boletus mushrooms in the forest (dried and wormy ones will do).

To obtain seed, you need about 10 caps. At home, separate them from the stalks and prepare a container with water. You can add alcohol (3 tablespoons per 10 liters), potassium permanganate (1 g per bucket) and granulated sugar (50 g) to the water. Mash the caps in your hands and add them to the water to form a homogeneous mass. It should infuse for about 10 hours. After that, strain it. Fungal spores are contained in water; no pulp is needed. Use the hats collected in the forest within a few hours, otherwise they will spoil. They cannot be frozen.

To grow boletus mushrooms at home, you can use a mycelium brought from the forest: having found an adult mushroom in the forest, cut off a layer of earth around it about 25x25 cm. At home, you can lay the entire mycelium in the prepared soil or divide it into 8–20 pieces.

Buying ready-made mycelium

Growing porcini mushrooms at home is possible using purchased mycelium. The mycelium of the porcini mushroom can be either dry or already germinated, placed in a substrate. If you intend to purchase it online, choose trusted and reliable suppliers. When purchasing directly, please note: the sprouted mycelium of porcini mushrooms should be red in color with small yellow splashes. The presence of black and green areas, as well as the strong smell of ammonia, indicate that the product is damaged.

On open areas Planting the mycelium of porcini mushrooms should be done under a forest tree. The first harvest can be expected next year. Fruiting from the mycelium lasts on average 3–4 years, but if beneficial microorganisms are added to the water for irrigation (for example, “Baikal EM-1”), this period can be extended to seven years and, in addition, the yield can be increased.

Substrate selection and preparation

To grow mushrooms in your garden plot, you can use a purchased substrate or prepare it yourself. To do this you need to mix straw, sawdust deciduous trees, sunflower husk. Other sources recommend alternating layers: one from a mixture of fallen leaves with sawdust, the second from the same mixture with the addition of soil. It is important that none of the components contain rot or mold. Before planting mushrooms, the substrate must be properly moistened, and it is recommended to use boiling water or steam - this will also kill harmful bacteria.

Features of cultivation

First, decide where you will grow your crops: in the basement, greenhouse or on the plot. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

First, let's look at how to grow porcini mushrooms on your property.

Growing porcini mushrooms on a personal plot requires the presence of coniferous or deciduous forest trees. Fruit mushrooms are not suitable - you need to grow porcini mushrooms in your dacha away from any cultivated plants, be they trees, shrubs or vegetables.

Remove the top layer of soil (about 15 cm) around the selected tree. It is advisable that the roots be exposed, but under no circumstances should they be damaged. If you are using a spore infusion, pour it onto the ground (approximately 350 ml per 25 sq. cm). Then cover again with soil and water generously - either along the trunk or using shallow irrigation. In this way, you can plant porcini mushrooms in your dacha in August-September.

To plant mycelium, make a 1.5 square meter depression near the tree. m in diameter and 30 cm in depth. Place the substrate in it, alternating it with soil in layers of 10 cm. The height of such a bed should be 20 cm above ground level. Plant the mycelium in the substrate in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 30 cm between the bags. After carefully watering the bed, cover it with a layer of fallen leaves.

Planting of mycelium can be carried out from May to September.

Caring for planted mushrooms consists mainly of abundant watering. For the winter, it is recommended to cover them with a thick layer of foliage, spruce branches or straw.

Growing mushrooms in a greenhouse or basement means creating a warm and humid microclimate, since it will not be possible to grow a lot of porcini mushrooms in dry air. In order for the greenhouse atmosphere to meet these requirements, it is recommended to install several barrels of water or wet sawdust there.

The substrate needed for indoors is the same as for open areas. In the basement they fill bags with small cuts. It is recommended to sow with mycelium. The bags should be placed no closer than 5 cm from each other.

During the incubation period (until the caps appear), the temperature should be maintained at +23–25 °C; a temperature of +30 °C will destroy most of the mycelium of the crop being grown.

Lighting is not required at this time. In a greenhouse it is advisable to turn it down as much as possible; in the basement simply do not turn it on. Ventilation is not necessary, but the humidity should not be more than 90% to prevent mold from growing. Also, to prevent it, periodically disinfect with a chlorine solution.

Growing mushrooms require different care: when the caps appear, the temperature is lowered to +10 °C. Now the greenhouse or cellar should be well ventilated - oxygen is necessary for the normal development of boletus mushrooms. Lighting is required for 5–6 hours a day. To grow porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse, it should be dim, without direct sunlight. It is advisable to spray the mushrooms with a spray bottle 2 times a day: this will make their structure more dense. The first harvest can usually be harvested after 20–25 days.

Moldy bags must be removed from the premises immediately. It will no longer be possible to grow mushrooms on them, but they can become a good fertilizer.

Please note: boletus mushrooms have difficulty taking root without the proximity of trees, and the first attempts to grow them in the basement may be unsuccessful. But if you intend to start breeding porcini mushrooms this way, choose Dutch mycelium: in Holland, a variety of boletus mushrooms was developed that grows most easily “in captivity.”

But having mastered all the intricacies, you can harvest mushrooms indoors all year round or even start growing porcini mushrooms on an industrial scale: since it is more difficult to grow boletus than champignons or oyster mushrooms, it is much more valued.

Finally, some little secrets of mushroom growing.

When you collect seed yourself, boletus mushrooms that grow near the type of tree that is on your site will take root better. When physically transferring mycelium, their appearance must necessarily match.

It is recommended to disinfect the substrate or soil 2–3 hours before planting with a solution of tannins. It can be prepared from cheap black tea: pour 50-100 g into 1 liter of boiling water and brew until it cools completely. Another option is oak bark. You will need 30 g per 1 liter of water. The bark should be boiled for an hour, adding water to the original volume as it boils. For each “mushroom” tree you need 2–3 liters of one of these solutions.

Video “Growing porcini mushrooms yourself”

From this video you will learn how to grow porcini mushrooms on your site.

Picking mushrooms in the forest is a pleasant thing, but it would be doubly pleasant to do it while staying on your own plot or at your own dacha. Porcini mushrooms grow in nature in unshaded, moderately humid places, under deciduous (oak, birch, beech) or coniferous (spruce, pine) trees. Therefore, their successful breeding at home is possible by creating conditions that are as similar as possible to natural ones.

Growing these representatives of the mushroom kingdom at home is not an easy task. They will require more attention and patience than, for example, oyster mushrooms, the harvest of which can be obtained even at home on the balcony. What is the technology for growing boletus mushrooms?

How difficult is it to grow porcini mushrooms at home? Porcini mushroom is a very rare and expensive delicacy. However, its production in industrial volumes is practically non-existent due to low profitability. Many boletus lovers wonder whether it is realistic to organize the production of this treat on their own plot for personal use or even sale. You will find the answer to this question in this article.

General characteristics of porcini mushroom

This mushroom got its name from the snow-white cut of the cap, which does not darken. for a long time. The cap of this mushroom itself is a rich brown color, the stem is usually full and white. The diameter of the cap is from 7 to 30 centimeters. The stem almost always has vertical brown veins. This is the king among mushrooms and a very sought after delicacy with unique nutritional properties. Its other name is “boletus”, “belovik” or even “bugbear”.

There are several varieties of boletus, differing in areas of growth and some qualitative characteristics. For example, the most common one, the pine porcini mushroom, has a perfect brown cap and a slightly purple stem. The cap of the oak variety appears grayish, while that of the spruce variety appears reddish.

Boletuses usually grow in fairly well-lit forests. The color of specimens grown from darkened areas is lighter. It is completely useless to look for porcini mushrooms in dark and remote forests. In general, collecting a basket of boletus mushrooms is a rare success. In this regard, many people are concerned about the question of how to grow porcini mushrooms at home. You will find the answer to this in the following sections.

Boletus is the king among mushrooms and a very popular delicacy with unique nutritional properties.

Where to start home production of porcini mushrooms

The first thing to understand is the fact that you should not expect an easy harvest. Growing boletus mushrooms by hand is a complex and time-consuming process that depends on a whole set of factors. If even one of the technological conditions is not met, nothing will work.

Porcini mushrooms are so finicky that even their industrial cultivation in fact, it is not carried out due to the complexity of the process and low profitability. Please note that in supermarkets in any season you can buy champignons or, for example, honey mushrooms, but boletus mushrooms are very difficult.

Despite the complexity of the process, lovers of this delicacy manage to grow it in their own dachas, in basements, on windowsills, and even make crops in the forest. In any case, growing boletus will begin with the purchase of “raw materials” and equipment.

What is “mycelium” and how to choose it

The concept of “seeds of porcini mushrooms” is not strictly speaking correct. Mushrooms reproduce in a different way. “Mycelium” or “mycelium” is the fruiting body of the mushroom, that is, the structure from which the mushroom grows. The mycelium consists of long thin branches ("hyphae"), the function of which is to nourish the fruit. Hyphae wrap around tree trunks and stumps, the surface of the earth and draw water and minerals, feeding the body of the mushroom.

Buying porcini mushroom mycelium for cultivation is currently not difficult. Mycelium pickles are freely sold in gardening stores, construction and hardware hypermarkets, along with other goods for the garden. The cost of one mycelium usually approaches a thousand rubles. Another question is how to properly buy porcini mushroom spores.

The mycelium of boletus mushrooms, like other forest mushrooms, is usually sold in the form of compost. Please note that the mycelium should not smell like ammonia. If there is even a slight smell, it is better to refuse the purchase - most likely the raw materials are spoiled.

Please note that this type of mycelium can only be used on a personal plot adjacent to the forest. Boletuses are very picky and do not grow in conditions that are not similar to natural ones. The soil should have a fairly high peat content, and it is better to place the mycelium on the north side of the site.

Mycelium pickles are freely sold in gardening stores, construction and hardware hypermarkets, along with other goods for the garden.

Harvesting mycelium (planting material) on your own

Some craftsmen prefer not to buy mycelium, but to prepare it on their own. This option is suitable when you find a proven and quality material It’s not possible in the store or it’s too expensive. What to do in this case?

You need to collect 10-15 large mushrooms, the diameter of the cap of which is at least 15 centimeters. Even wormy or “rotten” specimens will do, so don’t rush to throw them away after a “quiet hunt.” Then the legs are cut off and soaked in 10 liters of water with the addition of 4 tablespoons of alcohol or sugar. The resulting mixture is infused for 24 hours in a dark room with high humidity. After 24 hours, the soaked caps need to be ground until smooth; you can use a blender or meat grinder. The mixture is ready for planting.

Is it possible to grow boletus mushrooms at your own dacha?

Consider growing boletus mushrooms in the garden or on your personal garden plot. How realistic is it to harvest? Mushroom production on site is complicated by several factors, such as the inability to control temperature. If frost occurs during the summer, the crop will most likely die. To avoid this, some lovers of this delicacy organize the cultivation of porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse all year round (see the next section).

It is desirable that the conditions on the site be similar to the natural growing conditions of boletus mushrooms. Harvested or purchased mycelium is planted on fertilized soil, protected from direct sunlight. It is better to plant mycelium in the area of trees with which boletus mushrooms grow in natural conditions- pines, spruces, oaks. White ones most likely will not grow on a bare piece of land, since the mycelium will have nowhere to take minerals from.

To guarantee yourself good harvest boletus in the country, many install greenhouses. In this case, it does not matter whether the greenhouse is glass or film. The main thing is to close access to the harvest directly sun rays and provide minimal lighting. That is, you can grow boletus mushrooms in the most ordinary country greenhouse.

Mushrooms need high humidity, so it is important to constantly spray the walls of the greenhouse and the mycelium itself with water. You can place small sawdust next to the mycelium - they absorb water and humidify the air - or simply open cans of water. To plant mushrooms, garden soil is mixed with forest soil, as well as sawdust and fertilizers. This mixture is infused for a week and then planted in a greenhouse.

A layer of compost and fertilizer is laid on the soil; it will be useful to add peat or even coffee grounds. Then the mycelium is laid. Please note that the porcini mushroom is a very capricious “plant” and some gardeners receive their first harvest of small specimens only a year after sowing.

It is desirable that the conditions on the site be similar to the natural growing conditions of boletus mushrooms.

How to prepare mycelium and produce mushrooms at home

If you decide to buy a mycelium of porcini mushrooms for home cultivation, be prepared to put in a lot of effort. You can place production in the kitchen, for example, some use a window sill, or in the basement. In this case, you will have to concentrate on maintaining the temperature between 18 and 27 degrees Celsius.

How to germinate boletus crops at home? You need to follow these steps:

Boil the substrate in bags for 1.5 hours and then cool. When cooling, the bags need to be pierced to allow the water to drain.
Mixing substrate and mycelium. This operation must be performed on sterile tables wearing gloves.
Next, the mixture must be compacted into bags, and cuts must be made on them through which the fruits will grow.
Ready-cut bags are placed on shelves in a vertical position.
If the growing technology is followed, the mushrooms will grow within 6 months.

Growing boletus on the windowsill

Another option for home boletus production involves growing the crop in a pot at home. To do this, porcini mushrooms collected in the forest are ground in a meat grinder, mixed with yeast and infused for 2 weeks in a closed, dark place. Then the workpiece is mixed with a small amount of water (up to 2 liters).

Mushrooms grow in symbiosis with other plants, so the mixture should be planted in pots with indoor flowers. The most prolific is the symbiosis of porcini mushrooms with lilies. Overseeding of mushrooms should be done by generously pouring the mixture into pots with plants.

“Replanting” mycelium in the forest

Another interesting way to collect a good harvest of mushrooms - replant mycelium in the forest. If a mushroom picker has a proven place in the forest that he regularly visits, he can try to grow boletus mushrooms there. The advantage of this method is that the mushroom will grow in natural conditions, which means a good harvest is virtually guaranteed.

To make a replant, you also need to prepare mycelium (purchased or your own). When the mixture is ready, it must be placed on the roots of the trees. It wouldn’t hurt to remove a few tens of centimeters of soil from the roots and place the mixture on bare areas. This way the probability of successful sowing will be much higher.

This is the least expensive production method, which can also be free (if you prepare the mycelium with your own hands). Moreover, success is virtually guaranteed. The main thing is to have time to harvest the harvest at the right time, before other mushroom pickers get ahead of you.

Is it possible to make a profit from growing boletus mushrooms?

How realistic is it to organize the production of porcini mushrooms as a business?

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