Waste recycling as a business in Russia - we are creating our own enterprise. What makes this business promising? Non-recyclable waste

Waste recycling as a business in Russia is a new profitable direction. After all, it is practically impossible to name an area of ​​activity that would not be occupied by businessmen of our country.

Ministry natural resources reports that the amount of various garbage “produced” by the average family is one and a half tons per year.

The relevance of creating such a waste sorting complex obvious. For an entrepreneur starting his own business, it will be a plus:

1. "Green light" from local governments. Support favorable environmental situation is a priority task for authorities at all levels.
2. Huge volume of raw materials supplied. Often, in populated areas The area of ​​unauthorized, spontaneous landfills is only increasing. Therefore, waste disposal as a business will cope well with the growing waste stream.
3. Possibility to vary the technological process. If it is impossible to build a waste processing plant, you can get by by renting a hangar and organizing a sorting line. And purchase equipment only when the organization reaches self-sufficiency.
4. Growing market for the sale of sorted raw materials.

Important! Waste recycling as a business becomes profitable after 3-4 years from the start of activity. Net profit (even when organizing the sorting process in small town with a population of 30 to 50 thousand people) is about 4 million rubles per year.

Rational planning for a recycling business

Before starting a business, you need to draw up a competent business plan for sorting waste. To competently assess all risks, it is better to seek help from professionals working in a similar direction. The best option is to visit an enterprise for sorting/processing/transporting waste and recyclable materials.

Basic points for getting started with waste management

1. Obtaining relevant documents from the licensing authorities (Ministry of Environment) for the right to operate.
2. Approval by local authorities of the location of the waste processing plant (workshop) and storage facilities. Selection of land.
3. Obtaining a conclusion from a specialized environmental assessment for this type of activity.
4. Formation of an accompanying package of normative legal acts (regulatory and legal acts): legal and design documents for various (shop and office) premises; coordination of activities with fire protection, SES, and utility workers working in this area of ​​the area.
5. Purchase of specialized equipment.
6. Selection, specialized training of personnel for the enterprise.
7. Purchasing the required amount of transport to ensure the functioning of the waste recycling business.

Comfortable! In order to avoid significant loss of time for paperwork, it is worth contacting enterprises involved in obtaining licenses for turnkey organizations. Competent lawyers work with individual entrepreneurs and persons with different statuses (individuals and legal entities). The price category varies depending on the number of activities of the waste recycling line.

Creating an Activity Plan

Cost-benefit analysis of waste recycling

Costs with a volume of solid waste of 32 thousand tons (per year) and a volume of sorted raw materials of 5-6 thousand tons
1.	One-time investment for the construction of a processing plant and associated warehouses/hangars for storing waste and recyclables	31 million
2.	Monthly deductions (depreciation) of the main fund	3 million
3.	Fuel expenses	357 thousand
4.	Repair and maintenance of waste processing plant/equipment	231 thousand rubles.
5.	Electrical resources	651 thousand
6.	Payroll (with maximum fulfillment of staffing schedule)	3.83 million
7.	Tax deductions	1 million.
8.	Special clothing for staff	50 thousand.
	Total (per year)	9.1 million.

Recycling waste involves enormous complexity of organization technological process. Therefore, to begin with, it is better to get by with one area of ​​working with solid waste, and then increase the number of areas for processing types of waste.

Selecting an industry segment in waste processing

In order to competently build a waste recycling business, you need to assess the specifics of the waste produced by the region. It depends on the terrain profile, climatic conditions. In what directions can you work?

Plastic (polymers)

Containers made from this material are very common in use. During recycling, plastic is sorted and sorted according to its color. Resin processing equipment removes stickers and labels. As a result, the raw materials are used to create paving slabs, brushes, and plastic containers for various purposes.

Paper derivatives

In production, paper is sorted by purity white. The most primitive way is to dissolve it in chemicals. aqueous solutions followed by removal of unnecessary impurities. As a rule, the final stage of working with waste paper is production. toilet paper(very profitable business), egg cartons, components of roofing material.

Construction materials

Megacities are an inexhaustible source of large construction waste. The line for processing materials remaining after the dismantling of buildings produces secondary crushed stone, screenings, and metal elements.

Plant waste

Compost from plant raw materials is purchased by manufacturers of soils for plants. The production segment is very young, the sales market is at the initial stage of development.

Rubber

A business plan for recycling waste with rubber components will give results very quickly. Due to the ban on waste disposal through incineration, the amount of unused products (tires, tires, rubber slabs for sidewalks) is increasing. The most popular method has become the grinding of rubber into small, round elements. This filler is widely used as a bulk covering on children's and sports grounds. This product is convenient for transportation.

Enterprises whose profile is working with tires use the pyrolysis method. Through a complex technological process of tire processing, raw materials are decomposed into 3 components: a carbonaceous product, artificially produced oil, additional raw materials for metallurgical production.

Wood and sawdust

Only by-products from logging (branches, twigs, sawdust) are considered wood waste. After going through the recycling process, raw materials make it possible to create high-quality gasoline and diesel fuel. fuel. It becomes a derivative material for the production of flammable gas and electricity.

Glass containers

Working with glass. It is very easy to extract raw materials from imported solid waste. And business waste recycling with only one priority component will be convenient when calculating the plan and purchasing specialized equipment. Glass blowing factories and workshops like to work with finished glass: the organization spends a minimum of energy on creating raw materials, and heats up the finished glass.

Metals

Source - used, old metal objects motor vehicles, mechanisms, etc. The main point will be the sorting of scrap into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The huge sales market makes this waste processing segment profitable and the most optimal for implementation.

Batteries

Recycling and disposal of batteries. A fairly young direction with the goal of organizing a business in waste recycling. Not very popular due to the complexity of the process. Zinc and manganese are extracted from such a storage tank. But the volumes of raw materials of this type utilized by the population are insignificant, which does not make such work profitable.

Where to get garbage?

It would seem that the question is not relevant. But to reduce the cost of delivering raw materials, it is advantageous to locate the enterprise directly near landfills with the concomitant conclusion of an agreement for the supply of specialized waste. It will be helpful to work closely with collection points for glass, waste paper, scrap metal, and plastic.

Positive experience European countries shows that when collecting garbage separately, it reuse reaches 80%. Domestic production reaches only 20% of the value due to the complexity of organizing the process of separating waste into individual components.

Weigh the pros and cons of recycling

Even the most beautiful medal has two sides. When organizing a waste disposal business, evaluate all the risks and benefits.

Pros:

1. A simple procedure for processing documents, unlimited support from the authorities.
2. Mind-blowing profitability, quickly achieving self-sufficiency.
3. The profitability of a medium-sized business ranges from one to several tens of millions of rubles.
4. Maintaining satisfactory ecological state the area where processing production is organized.

Minuses:

1. No organized separate collection garbage. The need for an organization to separate raw materials into categories.
2. The manager of the enterprise will need to regularly look for suppliers of waste (MSW).
3. High cost of equipment. A standard set: storage containers, conveyor belt, crusher, magnet, washing machine, centrifuge, dryer will cost several tens of millions of rubles.

It is worth starting a business with one production line. This model will reduce costs and generate profits in the shortest possible time. There are standard complexes for processing paper, glass, and polyethylene. They are erected in a minimum amount of time and are efficient in the volume of recycled materials produced.
When organizing production, experts recommend using domestic equipment. It is high quality and reliable in operation. Buy Consumables to service the process without leaving the state.

Waste recycling various types in Russia - profitable business With high degree income with reasonable investments.

It's surprising that we haven't had this column for so long. Entrepreneurship in the Post-Apocalypse is a completely vast topic. Our planet, engulfed in flames, is trying to make money on everything. From this week on Thursdays we will tell you about the most crazy businesses that defy any intelligible explanation. Construction from garbage, luxury coffins, dildo betting, sending ashes into space orbit, selling feces in gift wrapping and much, much more. Great businesses! Thanks to our friends from Knopka for the idea, for helping us find cases, and for taking on the supervision of another crazy business - our samizdat. But more on that later. So, we decided to dedicate the first issue to Artyom Belomestnov, an entrepreneur from Buryatia, who decided to turn into WALL-E and recycle all the garbage in this country.

“We’ve only been working for three weeks so far, but I’m thinking of stopping accepting garbage for a while, because a real rush has begun - people are carrying bottles and plastic bags and carrying them, so we don’t have time to recycle them. I didn’t even expect that everyone would want to collect and bring me garbage so much,” wonders Artyom Belomestnov, an entrepreneur from Buryatia who decided to open waste-free production and began recycling household waste into paving slabs.

Belomestnov has been running a small business for a long time - he makes custom-made furniture. He likes that, unlike other businessmen, he does not resell something ready-made, but produces his own. A couple of years ago, he decided it was time to open another business.

I want to be one of a kind, to do something that no one else is doing in the area, Artyom explains. - Moreover, I don’t like competition. And I thought: “How nice it would be to make something out of garbage.” So my wife and I thought that if we don’t throw out the garbage, we will accumulate fifty kilograms of various waste per month: these are bottles, and all sorts of packaging and bags... And when you go to the landfill to throw it all away, you come back in horror: there after all, mountains of garbage. And it would be okay if it were only in landfills, but also scattered across the fields and along the streets. And so I announced that I would pay the residents of Petropavlovka for collecting garbage: five rubles per kilogram. It turns out that I not only opened a company, but also provided some with work. There are homeless people or just very poor people, and for them this is normal money. Here is one guy who comes to us, every day he hands over almost a thousand rubles worth of waste. And thirty thousand a month is, by the way, a decent income. The truth is, my business is still unprofitable, and I now pay those who collect garbage for me out of my own pocket.

Pensioner Alexander Kuznetsov from Novosibirsk climbs into his room through the window because his neighbors banged on the door. The fact is that Alexander has been maniacally collecting garbage for thirteen years, since he divorced his wife: boxes of newspapers, plastic bottles. One day he brought a broken TV from the trash heap. Gradually, rats and cockroaches appeared in Alexander’s room, and the neighbors decided that if they blocked the door with boards, perhaps the insects and rodents would stop running throughout the communal apartment. Alexandra’s neighbor, Olga, got herself six cats to catch rats escaping from the “garbage room.” In fact, the pensioner is not to blame for the fact that his room has gradually turned into a dump. This is a typical case of Diogenes syndrome - it often affects lonely people, especially the elderly. With this disorder, people stop getting rid of garbage, and instead, on the contrary, take home all sorts of nonsense found in the trash. Moreover, they are absolutely sure that all this will come in handy someday - expired yogurt, an empty packet of chips, and a used paper handkerchief.

Diogenes syndrome, or pathological hoarding syndrome, is believed to be a mental disorder that only affects humans. But if you look around carefully, it turns out that entire villages and cities are susceptible to this. For example, today, overflowing garbage cans have not been removed from the Ryazan resort village called Solotcha for two weeks - their contents decompose in the sun and smell throughout the entire area. Residents of Ufa recently staged a real garbage war: a man threw a bag of garbage out of the window of his car, and activist citizens collected it all and laid it out on the hood and roof of the car at night, leaving a note: “Once again I’ll see that I threw garbage, - your car will burn down.” In the Ukrainian city of Lvov, there is a whole epic situation with garbage: on May 29, the huge Gribovichi landfill caught fire there, and it was extinguished until June 10. During the fire, a collapse occurred and four people died, trapped under the rubble of smoking debris. Now it is impossible to use this landfill, and the Lvov government is looking for somewhere to dispose of the waste. Most neighboring cities did not want to accept garbage from Lviv, because they have enough of their own. It was only possible to reach an agreement with Kiev, and now huge trucks carry two hundred tons of garbage from Lvov to the Ukrainian capital every day. In general, it seems that almost the whole world is suffering from “Diogenes syndrome”, and very soon we may all find ourselves under the rubble of plastic bottles and packages, in the center of a huge landfill. And it’s scary to even think what will happen if this landfill catches fire. This planet clearly needs heroes who will save it from mountains of plastic and polyethylene, and entrepreneur Artyom Belomestnov from Buryatia decided to become one of these heroes.

The enterprise for processing waste into paving slabs does not have a special name; for now it is simply “Production of polymer-sand tiles.” Everything is arranged in a simple way: polymer waste is crushed, mixed with sand, and then dye is added. All this is mixed and loaded into the melting machine. The result is a mass similar in consistency to dough. It is placed on the mold and compressed. After a minute and a half, the finished tile is taken out.

For one tile measuring 33 by 33 centimeters and 35 millimeters thick, we use about five and a half kilograms of the mixture,” says Belomestnov. - In this case, 75% of the mixture is sand. Each tile requires two kilograms of polymer waste. For comparison, one one and a half liter bottle is forty grams.

In fact, Belomestnov initially dreamed of a huge waste processing plant; he even approached local authorities with a proposal to clear the entire Dzhidinsky district of garbage. “I told them, let them give me 15,000,000 rubles, and I will do everything,” the entrepreneur recalls. - I know that such factories operate in the West, this is waste-free production. I would take over all the landfills, and I would no longer have to think about where to put the garbage. But they never gave me the money - they were afraid. So now I had to do everything myself. But that would be a really big and good thing.”

It took Belomestny about three million rubles to open an enterprise for processing waste into tiles - he took a loan from a bank, bought land for a small plant, built a building, bought equipment, and invited service technicians.

“Everyone was delighted: both local residents and the government,” says the entrepreneur. - True, I hoped that, having seen such a useful undertaking, it would somehow help my business at least a little financially; it seems that there were even some conversations about this, but so far they have not led to anything.

The cost of one square meter of “garbage” tiles is 397 rubles, and the price is 550 rubles. The tiles are not selling very well yet - buyers often come to look and say that they really like them, but there were only six orders in the first week. True, one person bought as much as fifty square meters. But even such a large order will not help Artyom pay off the loan.

So far, our enterprise is rather unprofitable,” says Belomestnov. - And the productivity is not very high. There is only one press at all. Of course, I dream of buying two more someday, with a different design. But now it is not clear how to do this. The loan I took out to start production has absolutely nothing to repay. Of course, I believe that everything will work out somehow. I have already been charged penalties for late payments, I recently went to the bank and tried to resolve this issue. They tell me: “Why are you walking around so happy, soon the matter will come to court, and your company will be sold.” Well, what about me? Should I cry?

The other day, Belomestnov received a call from an entrepreneur from a neighboring region - he read on the Internet about tiles made from garbage and thought that it would be nice to open the same production. I decided to ask my colleague for advice.

When I told him how much it cost me, he immediately changed his mind,” Belomestnov laughs. - To be honest, I myself would not have taken the risk if I had known how everything would turn out. I was hoping that the authorities would eventually support my initiative when they saw that the idea was not senseless. I can even see for myself that things have become cleaner in Petropavlovka. But so far no one is in a hurry to help. But soon they will start imposing taxes, and then things will get really bad. Although, as for me, no tax should be taken from useful enterprises - let those who do not bring public benefit pay.

Now Belomestnov doesn’t have a specific business plan, he says: the main thing is not to close in the near future, but we’ll see. He heard that “in the West, tiles made from recycled waste are sold for a lot of money,”

After all, environmental initiatives are fashionable.

But he has not yet increased the price of his product - he says that the residents of Petropavlovka do not yet have enough money for such a cheap product. As soon as the entrepreneur pays off his debts and is able to buy two more presses, he will begin selling tiles to other regions, and then, he hopes, things will improve.

You can make anything out of garbage, because not only plastic is recycled, says Belomestnov. “I’ve already figured out what I’ll do when tile sales pick up.” Only this is a secret for now. To realize the idea, I will need a lot of money, five or six million, so I’m afraid it won’t be very soon. Every year, two billion tons of solids are formed on Earth. household waste, in Russia - fifty to seventy million tons, and in Moscow - about five.
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“Money doesn’t smell” is a completely accurate expression that describes making money from recycling waste.

Perhaps, high profitability This kind of business is due to the fact that for most people, garbage is a completely useless thing, from which you certainly won’t earn anything.

Therefore, these days, when rapidly infrastructure is developing, technology, production of products and materials, waste recycling business seems irrelevant and not profitable.

Believe me, this is a big misconception. Let's take a closer look at how the waste recycling business works.

Russia has accumulated about 3 billion tons of waste that requires urgent disposal. Every year another 60 million tons are added to this number. The prospect of its processing is more relevant today than ever.

Let's look at the situation in more detail: about 95%-96% solid waste are thrown into landfills.

Of these, approximately 60% is the most valuable material for processing:

• glass,
• cardboard,
• metal,
• plastic.

A small example: in 2014 in Moscow, out of 3 million tons of waste to be disposed of, just over 1% was recycled.

Why is the waste recycling business so relevant today? After all, the same situation in the waste disposal market existed before. The distinctive factors that are most suitable for the implementation of projects of such a business right now are the following positions:

• The emergence of inexpensive domestic equipment small and medium production capacity for waste processing.
• Filling the sales market with many new small organizations engaged in production related to the processing of recyclable materials.
• So far, the government has not in any way interfered with this type of disposal, such as waste incineration, but it is planned to do so soon. passing a law banning waste burning. Thus, a waste recycling business becomes a win-win option.

Turning trash into money

Of course, digging through someone else's trash can is not very pleasant, but let's analyze its contents in theory:

• to 10% waste paper;
• 15%-20% metal, rubber, textiles etc.;
• up to 25% food waste;
• 4.45%-50% polymers.

Eventually, minimum 60% the contents of the average person's trash can can be processed and marketed for good money.

But, of course, this is just a theory. In practice, there is no smell of separate waste collection in our country. In this regard, we are far from Japan and many European countries.

Yes, of course, in some cities various containers are installed for sorting waste, but in this moment they don't bring much benefit.

Of the actual 60% of good waste, after sorting, a little less than 30% of recyclables actually turns out. However, there is a way out of the situation - the acquisition of special sorting plants.

While foreign companies are making fortunes from waste, in Russia this area is almost completely free. So why not start turning trash into money today?

Selection of plant specialization

Certainly, best option– purchase of a complete chain of production for the processing of solid waste, but, let’s be realistic, who of those who want to open a business in waste has a spare 20 million dollars?

Therefore, it is best to start developing a business by recycling a certain type of waste.

Car tires

There are three types of tire recycling:

• grinding,
• burning,
• pyrolysis

The last method is the most profitable and promising.

This is a method of decomposing rubber into:

• carbon,
• raw materials for metallurgy,
• synthetic oil.

There is probably no need to say how in demand the above-mentioned raw materials are.

Also, a very common method tire shredding.

From crumb rubber make:

• floor coverings for sports grounds and halls,
• produce rubber tiles,
• used as a filler for sports equipment,
• component in new road surfaces,
• finishing material for construction, etc.

Construction waste

In this area, it is impossible to do without special sorting plants, since construction garbage may contain completely different materials:

• metal,
• concrete,
• brick.

An example of recycled material from such a production line is crushed stone. The high profitability of this segment of the waste waste market is due to the increased number of construction projects being implemented, as well as an increase in the cost of removing construction waste.

Thanks to mobile crushing and screening stations, waste from collapsed buildings can be processed right on site.

Glass

Finding material for recycling is quite easy:

• you can take cullet from glass factories,
• from our own organized collection point for glass containers,
• from waste collected using a sorting line.

With an inexpensive equipment price, demand The cost of the resulting raw materials is very large, the costs of organizing production instantly pay off.

Paper and cardboard

Currently, 50% of the recycled material in the world is cardboard and paper.

But, despite the fact that the number of new production organizations in this area is growing rapidly, the platform for business in it is still not very competitive.

75% of recycled content goes to production and production of packaging, the remaining 25% is attributed to the production of roofing materials. Therefore, the demand for the resulting raw materials is unshakably high.

Plastic bottles (PET)

There are plenty of products for disposal in landfills. You yourself can become a supplier of raw materials for your plant by equipping your plant with a sorting line. You can also purchase a mobile unit that can recycle bottles right on site.

It pays for itself in a maximum of one and a half years.

Documents receiving

The main document, without which there can be no talk of legally organizing a waste business, is license, giving the right to engage in the processing of solid waste. They receive it from the Ministry of Ecology. The official cost of the document is about $7,500. But to obtain it, you often have to fill out various additional documents, and the total amount can increase by 2-3 times.

To fully register a waste recycling plant, one license from the Ministry of Environment is not enough. It will also be necessary to register the organization in the form of an LLC or individual entrepreneur.

To create and register your LLC, in addition to the license, you will need to prepare a number of documents:

• Registration card of a private person (owner).
• Permission to use the plant's leased or own land plot, building, premises.
• Extract from the tax office.
• Permission from SES, electrical and fire supervision.

Search for raw materials for processing

It is most profitable to take garbage from the housing stock. After all, it is the urban population that throws out the most garbage, which requires disposal. Here it is very important to encourage residents to throw garbage into your “container”. Of course, people pay pennies for garbage removal, but you need to convince them to spend these pennies on the services of your company.

Organize own collection points of one or another type of waste, advertise your company, convey to residents why it is better and more profitable than others, locate your production near a landfill or solid waste landfill, or as close as possible to accumulations of raw materials, etc.

Premises and equipment

Typically a warehouse and the production premises are located next to a landfill or solid waste landfill.

The area of ​​the first should be approximately 100 square meters. m, the area of ​​the second is at least 300 sq. m.

The premises must comply with sanitary and fire standards.

In general, their purchase and improvement will cost no less than 2 thousand dollars.

A “minimum” kit, which is suitable for implementing the first steps of a waste recycling business, will cost approximately $50,000. It includes:

• Sorting line.
• Crusher.
• Press.
• Bunker.
• Magnet or any other additional equipment.

Perhaps it seems to you that it is best to immediately buy expensive imported equipment - we have to disappoint you. As experts say, it is much better to purchase equipment domestic production for the following three reasons:

1. Cheaper.
2. Very often, more reliable.
3. It is much easier to find parts to repair.

Also, according to experts, one should not lose sight of inexpensive Chinese products: do not be biased towards the country of origin. In China, there are many internationally recognized companies engaged in the manufacture of waste recycling equipment.

To locate your production line near a landfill, you must obtain permission from the city utility service. It is issued only if there is a license for solid waste processing.

Staff

Waste processing industry cannot exist without work force. As a rule, even a relatively small plant employs up to 40 people. Typically a shift consists of 10-15 people. Wage amounts to pennies, you definitely won’t lose money on it.

There are two classes service personnel at a waste treatment plant:

• 1.Worker.
• 2. Specialist.

There is a difference in the monthly salaries of the two above-mentioned employees, but it is not significant.

When opening an LLC, you definitely need to hire an additional manager, an accountant and a couple of management people who control the production process at all its stages.

As a rule, they are paid the highest wages at the plant.

Where to sell the products?

Take care of searching for companies engaged in the manufacture of products from recycled materials for your type of production.

• Glass. Look for glass factories that make abrasives, tiles, insulation, and brick products.
• Crushed stone. Post advertisements for the sale of crushed stone, search for customers and provide them with a delivery service.
• . A cardboard and packaging plant or a toilet paper manufacturing plant would be perfect for you as a client.
• Flex or granules(plastic recycling). Look for a polymer plant for cooperation that produces plastic containers, films, etc., as well as small offices and enterprises.
• Rubber crumb. This is a great success for factories producing rubber tiles, asphalt, road surfaces, sports equipment, building materials using rubber, etc.

Calculations

It is clear that the cost of building a plant directly depends on the material it will process, but you are unlikely to be able to do without:

• crushers,
• sorting line,
• bunker

The cost of the listed order is ~$40,000.

Also, be prepared to invest about 2 thousand dollars to purchase:

• warehouse space,
• premises for the production line.

Approximately $300 will be spent on monthly salary for staff(up to 40 people).

About 20% – payment for utility costs.

For a ton of recycled waste, you will receive from $500 to $1,500, and, taking into account expenses, you may have $10 thousand in net income. Thus, Your business will pay off within six months after opening, gaining 50% profitability.

Before you do anything, you need to create at least a short business plan for yourself.

Results

Are you excited about starting your own waste recycling business? Don't put it off until later - it will be too late. Very soon, competition in this market will increase noticeably due to the factors mentioned in the article.

Having a budget of $50,000 or more, you can create and organize production for processing a certain type of waste and pay it off in 1-2 years. Receiving stable income, there is an opportunity to gradually expand production, earning more and more!

The process of sorting and recycling waste is presented in the video:

In contact with

There is a form of business that is considered not just a way to make an easy and quick profit, but also a noble pursuit. This is recycling various types recyclable materials. The meaning of this kind of entrepreneurship is the collection, processing and sale of secondary raw materials, which include:

• garbage;
• paper;
• plastic containers.

According to analysts, the average person throws out about 250 kg of household waste. On average in trash can about 25% are occupied food waste, 5-10% is paper, 50% is polymers (this includes plastic), the rest is metal, textiles, rubber, glass, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages of the processing business

The waste recycling business has its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages	Flaws
High profitability. The main goal of any enterprise is profit, so this advantage comes first	Difficulties of opening. It will take about six months to obtain permits from many structures and departments
Support from local residents and authorities as part of environmental support for environmental projects.	High costs for renting space for warehouse and production
	Establishing uninterrupted delivery of raw materials for processing and sale of finished products

Despite all the obvious difficulties this business worthy of attention, as it is useful both to the entrepreneur himself and to the people around him.

Necessary documents for starting a business

The main difficulty in starting a business for processing recyclable materials is obtaining permits:

• for sorting and recycling waste receive a license from the Ministry of Ecology (According to the Law “On Environmental Expertise”). The examination is carried out by the environmental service of the city or region. It is she who issues a conclusion on waste recycling, which is given “for life.” In addition, the Waste Department of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources should allow processing plant dispose of waste on your territory. This permit for waste storage is issued once a year. Then documentation for the equipment is selected and the businessman is sent to obtain permits from the fire, sanitary, water, veterinary and municipal services. This is explained by the fact that waste recycling is associated with a huge number of interests and it is important that others do not suffer from the operation of the waste processing plant;
• It’s easier to open a business processing plastic, paper and cardboard - just register as legal entity and get down to business.

Proper investment in the purchase of equipment plays an important role. Each direction contains a number of subtleties that need to be monitored. Now let's talk about choosing premises and equipment for organizing an enterprise for sorting and processing garbage and waste.

Choosing premises: where to locate the enterprise?

The premises are chosen not far from the landfill, so as not to spend money on transporting raw materials. Production room should be about 300-500 sq.m., warehouse up to 100 sq.m. An abandoned warehouse, hangar and other buildings are ideal to provide these areas. Municipal and regional authorities can provide unnecessary premises and territories for free or for an indefinite lease. It is more profitable for the municipality to help an entrepreneur than to maintain and maintain constantly growing landfills.

Garbage and waste processing equipment

Waste processing equipment is a vital part of the successful development of this business. Entrepreneurs argue that it is inappropriate to purchase foreign equipment. It is more profitable to purchase Russian products, which cost less, are cheaper to maintain and are easier to repair. A list of necessary equipment for waste recycling is presented below.

• Granulation line LGPS 63-160 (cost - RUB 1,380,000)
• Rotary chopper IRPS-300 (cost - 250,000 rubles)
• Agglomerator AGPS-600 (cost - 245,000 rubles)

The total cost of equipment is about 2 million rubles.

The organizational and technical scheme of plastic processing is as follows:

• Plastic bottles (PET) are fed onto a conveyor belt.
• The magnetic separator is installed on the conveyor belt. It removes foreign metallic inclusions.
• Bottles are moved along a conveyor belt to a sorting table. As a rule, sorting is carried out manually by operators.
• The sorted bottles are moved to the storage hopper of the crushing plant.
• Using a press, the bottles are fed to crushing, where in a crushing plant they are crushed to flake size.
• With the help of an aspirator, the bottles are sucked out of the crushing device. Dirt is collected by bag filters.
• The flakes enter the cyclone separator. The stickers are blown into the collection filter by air flow, and the flakes are transferred to the screw conveyor.
• A screw conveyor moves the flakes to a flotation separator where washing and cleaning occurs.
• Clean PET flakes are fed into a centrifuge, where water is removed, then the clean flakes are fed into bags.
• Dirty water is accumulated in containers and supplied to the purification system using pumps.

Business staff

After finding a location and purchasing equipment, a strong team is recruited. This is the main difficulty of such a business - few people can stand the hard and exhausting work next to a conveyor belt, especially when there is an unpleasant smell nearby. Flexible system bonuses and proper motivation will make working at the company prestigious and profitable. Approach this issue extremely carefully, otherwise you will encounter severe staff turnover.

The next stage is finding sources of raw materials, which in most cases are landfills. Try to negotiate with the administration so that the transport that collects garbage delivers it to you directly, without stopping at the landfill. This will allow you to avoid spending money on removing raw materials from the storage area.

Processing business: implementation

The issue of implementation is also important. The need for high-quality recyclable materials is growing. Regardless of the choice of recycling direction (appliances, glass, plastic, paper, food waste), there will always be buyers, since secondary raw materials are much cheaper than the original ones, and the quality is almost the same.

Offer your customers the following for raw materials:

• recycling of used cars will make it possible to sell metal, used oils and working spare parts for workshops;
• Equipment often contains aluminum, copper, silver and gold. Large industrialists will be happy to buy non-ferrous metals at a reasonable cost;
• It is profitable to recycle even food waste. With the help of enzymes and bacteria, compost is created from them, which will be purchased by gardening associations and large enterprises, producing soil mixtures.

Plastic recycling: collection of raw materials

The business of recycling plastic bottles and containers has proven itself to be profitable and useful look activities, since used plastic containers are found everywhere. Plastic bottles and cups are easy to make, but they take a long time and are difficult to decompose. Therefore, municipalities will support a plastic recycling enterprise, and even investments are possible.

The channels for purchasing raw materials will be landfills and collection points for plastic containers. Also enter into agreements with retail chains and stores to accept used plastic containers from them. In urban areas, install special containers for plastic bottles. To do this, it is enough to obtain permission from the city administration.

Sales are very simple - manufacturers of plastic bottles willingly buy flex flakes, a product of processing plastic containers, since it is much cheaper than the original product.

Tips on where to get plastic for recycling?

Tip #1. Collection from landfills. Even the smallest landfill can collect several tens of kilograms of plastic; a large one can collect more than a ton.

Tip #2. Purchasing from enterprises. Large organizations leave behind every day a large number of plastic that requires recycling.

Tip #3. Search for advertisements for the sale of plastic on the Internet. Check message boards to see if there are people or organizations that sell plastic or give it away for free for pickup.

Cardboard and paper recycling: collection of raw materials

A paper recycling business is a great opportunity to keep trees alive while making a good profit. There are two lines of this production, depending on the type of product produced - paper for cardboard or writing. Cardboard recycling is a more profitable business and a quick payback process.

The difficulty lies in collecting raw materials. It is purchased from landfills, waste paper collection points, or by opening your own. Collection is also carried out in large retail and manufacturing enterprises. Selling raw materials is not difficult - there will always be people willing to buy inexpensive paper or cardboard.

Video about waste recycling in Russia

The video explains how waste is processed into secondary raw materials. The film was shot with the support of a public environmental organization created to solve waste problems “ProWaste”.

Plastic recycling business plan: profitability

Now let’s give some hard numbers, calculating the amount of income from various types of processing. Profitability of a small company processing plastic containers. Let's start with expenses. Costs when starting a business:

• for equipment – ​​3.5 million rubles;
• for cosmetic repairs of the premises, small and unplanned expenses - 15,000 rubles.

Monthly expenses:

• payment of rent, utility bills - 300,000 rubles;
• labor compensation fund – 210,000 rubles;
• purchase of raw materials for processing – 80,000 rubles.

Total amount: 590,000 rub.

Expected monthly income from the sale of raw materials is 800,000 rubles. Thus, the monthly profit will be at least 200,000 rubles, and investments in the business will pay off in 1.5 years. Calculations are based on minimum performance figures, so actual earnings will be much higher.

Types of expenses and income for processing different types raw materials coincide, the amounts and profit margins change. Remember that profit is influenced by a number of factors, which include:

• procurement policy;
• resource usage;
• bonuses and motivation of employees;
• competent implementation tactics.

SWOT analysis of waste and garbage recycling business

Assessment of the attractiveness of a business by the magazine website

Business profitability	(3.0 out of 5)	Business attractiveness 2.6
Project payback	(3.0 out of 5)
Ease of starting a business	(2.0 out of 5)
The business of recycling waste (plastic, paper, garbage) is socially important and profitable business. The difficulty lies in the large financial costs of purchasing equipment and renting large areas for production and warehouse parts. In addition, there are risks of crime due to its high profitability. The payback period for the business is about 2 years.

Waste recycling is a serious and profitable business with great prospects. The problem with garbage has become very acute; up to 3 billion tons of it have accumulated in Russia; they need to be disposed of. Their number is growing every year. Up to 96% of waste goes to landfill, while most of it can be recycled. Garbage is a valuable raw material. How to start your own correctly successful business in this area, we will discuss in the article.

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What makes this business promising?

• availability of inexpensive domestic equipment;
• the emergence of small and medium-sized production that processes recyclable materials;
• introducing a ban on waste burning in the near future.

Paperwork

To start a waste sorting business you need to obtain a license. The document is obtained from the Ministry of Natural Resources. The production complex undergoes an environmental audit carried out by the local environmental department. Based on its results, a conclusion is drawn that is valid for the period of operation of the enterprise. Before obtaining a permit, you should obtain consent from the fire inspectorate, SES, municipal and water management authorities with the provision of a project with detailed description technological process. According to SES requirements, there should be a sanitary zone of 500m around the plant. The paperwork takes several months. Every year, the department must obtain permission to conserve solid waste in a certain area.

Garbage recycling

The average trash can contains 50% polymers, 10% paper and cardboard, a quarter food waste, the rest metal, rubber, textiles, etc. It must first be sorted. For example, construction waste contains wood, parts of metal, brick and concrete.

The purpose of recycling is to recover metal particles.

Production is divided into the following stages:

• large parts are crushed;
• then they are crushed;
• metal is extracted;
• particles are sorted by size.

Such recycling results in the production of secondary crushed stone. It matters for improvement ecological situation. As the pace of construction increases, many old structures are being demolished. The resulting waste can be processed on site using a complex that crushes and sorts waste. Recycled crushed stone is poured into foundation excavations during construction, which reduces the cost of concrete by a quarter.

In world practice, buildings are not demolished, but dismantled, while at the same time sorting and using 80% of the waste. It is preferable to choose a specific type of waste for recycling.

Plastic

The best option is to recycle plastic bottles. Received as waste various varieties plastics. Plastic containers serves as a raw material for flex. It is used for the production of the same plastic bottles, films, artificial bristles, etc.

Plastic recycling goes through the following stages:

• bottles are sorted by color;
• remove stickers and dirt;
• raw materials are pressed.

Grinding is carried out on the line, then it is processed in a steam boiler, which removes remaining impurities, rinsing and polishing.

Paper and cardboard

50% of used paper and cardboard is recycled. It can withstand 3 to 5 recycling cycles. The paper is sorted into 12 types by category, by type of wood, shade of white, density, etc.

The simplest technology is performed in the following sequence:

• waste paper dissolves in water;
• unnecessary items are removed.

Cardboard recycling is carried out using thermomechanical processing. 75% recycled material is used to make packaging cardboard and toilet paper. The rest is used in the production of roofing material.

Tires and rubber products

Burning rubber is harmful to environment and is unacceptable for business.

Tires are recycled using 3 methods:

• The most commonly used method is grinding into crumbs. It is used as a filler in soft street surfaces. Thus, crushed rubber is suitable for the construction of sports and children's playgrounds. In addition, the rubber is crushed to make it more convenient to transport for the production of the release.
• the most promising method is pyrolysis. It consists of decomposing rubber waste into:
  • technical carbon product;
  • artificial oil;
  • raw material for metallurgy.

This good idea For individual entrepreneurs. Release products are in demand, and proper organization business will bring considerable profit.

Wood waste and sawdust

Wood raw materials include softwood left over from sanitary logging, waste from logging (stumps, roots, twigs), sawdust, and wood chips. When disposing wood waste low-grade waste is converted into gasoline or diesel fuel High Quality, flammable gas and electricity.

Broken glass and glass containers

They recycle broken and non-conforming containers; such activity is profitable. You can purchase broken glass at enterprises; there will always be defective products there. Remelting glass requires a lower melting temperature (saving energy). When preparing broken glass, it is cleaned and crushed using a special installation that will melt and filter the crushed mass. This production also used in the production of abrasives, ceramics, insulating products, tiles and bricks.

Waste metals

Recycling metal recyclables has a positive impact on the economy. It is used in the manufacture different types products.

Waste metal:

• obsolete metal objects;
• industrial waste;
• used machines, mechanisms, etc.

Such waste is environmentally harmful, for this reason their collection and processing must be timely, complete and of high quality.

When processing waste you need:

• dismantle and collect waste;
• transport them;
• check;
• separate ferrous metals from non-ferrous ones and from various impurities.

Organization of production

Room

An entrepreneur will need a plot of land, premises for production and storage, special equipment and transport, and personnel. The equipment will cost at least 60 thousand dollars. It includes a screening plant, crusher, storage hopper and press.

It is better to have a small plant, since giant enterprises are expensive, up to $20 million. A mini-factory, the price of which is up to $50,000, will be more affordable for small and medium-sized entrepreneurs.

Nice place for such a business, the workshop will be located near a landfill or industrial zone, using the buildings of abandoned factories. You can buy mobile processing plants and move production. Work on them is carried out manually and automatically; equipment can be purchased at different prices - from hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars.

Staff

The number of employees will depend on production capacity and the amount of waste processed. For a small enterprise their number will be 10–15 people.

Profitability

With a good organization of waste recycling production, the business will bring good profits. The license costs approximately $30 thousand, it may vary depending on the region. This business does not require special knowledge; it pays off in a relatively short term. We need to find clients from whom we can collect garbage. First of all, this is housing stock and a landfill. Profitability can be up to 80%.

Waste recycling is a profitable business. It is distinguished by:

• relatively simple paperwork;
• high profitability if the business is set up correctly;
• lack of competition.

Advantages and disadvantages of business

The benefits include:

• simplicity of documents, since the state is interested in such enterprises.
• high profitability, quick return on costs.
• high incomes. Such a business brings in profit from 10 to 30 billion rubles a year.

Flaws:

• no separate waste collection. For Russia, this issue remains a distant prospect. For unseparated garbage automatic lines recycling can extract only 25% of secondary raw materials.
• Businessmen themselves have to ensure the production of solid waste for disposal.
• High costs of starting a business.