Maximum recorded temperature. Temperature records or where everyone is hotter and colder

Photo: Bochkareva Bolota/RIA Novosti

Starting from Sunday January 14 Severe frosts came to the territory of Yakutia. In Oymyakon the temperature on Sunday dropped to -59 degrees Celsius. The republican authorities canceled classes in schools in 13 districts. Forecasters expect a further drop in temperatures in the coming days, brought by the Arctic anticyclone. The level is called - 65 degrees. There are already victims. On January 14, the press service of the Investigative Directorate of the Russian Federation for the Republic of Sakha disseminated information that the circumstances of the death of two men who froze on the road as a result of a car breakdown were being studied.

How to count correctly

Temperature records are usually recorded using a thermometer. It is understood that this must be done in the process of observation with recording of temperature changes using instruments. Data obtained by some other method will have to be classified as unofficial records.

So, December 9, 2013 At a conference of the American Geophysical Union, a group of American researchers reported that on August 10, 2010, the air temperature at one point in Antarctica dropped to −135.8 degrees Fahrenheit (−93.2 degrees Celsius). This information was identified as a result of analysis of NASA satellite data. But the speaker himself, Ted Sambos, made a reservation that this temperature record cannot be recorded as official.

Oymyakon or Verkhoyansk

Verkhoyansk weather station. Photo: V. Yakovlev/RIA Novosti

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) remains a unique region for the Northern Hemisphere of the planet. Its territory, 40% of which is located beyond the Arctic Circle, is a supplier of temperature records. Suffice it to say that The temperature difference between the coldest month - January and the warmest - July is 70 - 75 degrees in the republic.

Two Yakut settlements are fighting for the right to be called the “pole of cold” of the Earth’s Northern Hemisphere – Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon. Maximum low temperature- minus 77.8 degrees Celsius - was recorded in 1938 in Oymyakon. But these data did not receive official status. In Verkhoyansk in January 1892, the temperature dropped to -69.8 degrees. Therefore, the authorities of the republic give it the title of the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere. Moreover, the largest amplitude was noted in Verkhoyansk annual temperatures: the maximum summer temperature here reached +37 degrees(temperature difference is almost 107 degrees).

Earth's absolute pole of cold

Antarctic station "Vostok". Photo: G. Kolosov/RIA Novosti

The title of the Earth's absolute pole of cold belongs to the Antarctic Russian station "Vostok", where weather observations are carried out regularly.On July 21, 1983, a record low temperature was recorded there: −89.2 degrees Celsius. True, meteorologists point out that the station is located at an altitude 3488 meters above sea level. If we bring temperature indicators to sea level, then Antarctica will lose to both Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon. But here in terms of average annual temperature, which at the station is −60.2 degrees Celsius, Vostok has no equal.

For those who want to warm up

Death Valley. USA. Photo: Zuma/TASS

If someone is frozen from reading such a text, urgently go to the hottest places on the planet . On September 13, 1922, a temperature of +58.2 degrees Celsius was recorded in the town of Al-Aziziya, Libya. But today this result is not considered sufficiently reliable. Therefore, the World Meteorological Organization considers the temperature recorded July 10, 1913 at the Greenland Ranch in Death Valley (California, USA) – plus 56.7 degrees. It is difficult to find a name more suitable for being considered the hottest place on the planet. Again, according to unofficial data, on the same day at Saudi Arabia(location unknown) +58.4 degrees Celsius was recorded. But unofficial ones are unofficial.

The most warm place on Earth can be considered Dallol village in Ethiopia. For 7 years, from 1960 to 1966, it was recorded average annual temperature equal +34.4 degrees Celsius.

But the hottest place in Russia is the Utta weather station in Kalmykia . On July 12, 2010, the temperature was recorded here +45.4 degrees Celsius, which is a record high temperature in the history of weather observations in Russia.

Naturally, the practice of recording results only using stationary instruments is not entirely correct. Many scientists believe that there are places on Earth where above-zero temperatures are much higher than the current records. But there are no meteorological observations there. So, as the possible hottest place on the planet it is called Dasht-Lut desert in the central part of the Iranian Plateau in eastern Iran. Some experts, citing satellite observation data, claim that temperatures in the area reach 70 degrees Celsius. It remains to confirm this using a regular thermometer.

Sergey Anisimov

The science

Temperature is one of the fundamental concepts in physics; it plays a huge role in concerns earthly life of all forms. At very high or very low temperatures, things can behave very strangely. We invite you to learn about a number of interesting facts related to temperatures.

What is the highest temperature?

The most heat, which was created by man, made up 4 billion degrees Celsius. It's hard to believe that the temperature of a substance can reach such incredible levels! This temperature 250 times higher temperature of the Sun's core.

An incredible record was set in Brookhaven Natural Laboratory in New York at the ion collider RHIC, the length of which is about 4 kilometers.

Scientists forced gold ions to collide in an attempt to reproduce conditions big bang, creating quark-gluon plasma. In this state, the particles that make up the nuclei of atoms—protons and neutrons—break apart, resulting in a “soup” of constituent quarks.

Extreme Temperatures in the Solar System

The temperature of the environment in the solar system is different from what we are used to on Earth. Our star, the Sun, is incredibly hot. At its center the temperature is about 15 million Kelvin, and the surface of the Sun has a temperature of only about 5700 Kelvin.

Temperature at the core of our planet is approximately the same as the surface temperature of the Sun. Hottest planet solar system– Jupiter, whose core temperature 5 times higher than the surface temperature of the Sun.

The most cold temperature in our system is recorded on the Moon: in some craters in the shadow the temperature is only 30 Kelvin above absolute zero. This temperature is lower than the temperature of Pluto!

Temperature of the human environment

Some peoples live in very extreme conditions And unusual places, not entirely convenient for life. For example, some of the coldest settlements are the village of Oymyakon and the city of Verkhnoyansk in Yakutia, Russia. The average winter temperature here is minus 45 degrees Celsius.

The coldest is more Big City is also located in Siberia - Yakutsk with a population of about 270 thousand people. The temperature there in winter is also about minus 45 degrees, but in summer it can rise up to 30 degrees!

The highest average annual temperature was seen in an abandoned city Dallol, Ethiopia. In the 1960s, the average temperature was recorded here - 34 degrees Celsius above zero. Among large cities, the city is considered the hottest Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, where average temperature is also in March-May about 34 degrees.

The most extreme temperatures where people work are seen in gold mines Mponeng V South Africa. The temperature at about 3 kilometers underground is plus 65 degrees Celsius. Measures are taken to cool the mines, such as using ice or insulating wall coverings, so miners can work without overheating.

What is the coldest temperature?

Trying to get lowest temperature, scientists were faced with a number of important things for science. Man has managed to obtain the coldest things in the Universe, which are much colder than any thing created by nature and the cosmos.

Freezing allows the temperature to drop to several milliKelvins. The lowest temperature achieved in artificial conditions - 100 picoKelvin or 0.0000000001 K. To achieve this temperature, it is necessary to use magnetic cooling. Also, such low temperatures can be achieved using lasers.

At these temperatures, the material behaves completely differently than under normal conditions.

What is the temperature in space?

If, for example, you take a thermometer into outer space and leave it there for a while in a place far from a source of radiation, you may notice that it shows the temperature 2.73 Kelvin or so minus 270 degrees Celsius. This is the lowest natural temperature in the Universe.

Temperature stays the same in space above absolute zero due to the radiation that remained after the Big Bang. Although space is very cold by our standards, it is interesting to note that one of the the most important problems that astronauts encounter in space is heat.

The bare metal from which objects in orbit are made can heat up to 260 degrees Celsius due to free sun rays. To lower the temperature of ships, they need to be wrapped in a special material that can only lower the temperature by 2 times.

The temperature of outer space, however, constantly falling. Theories about this have been around for a long time, but only recent measurements have confirmed that the Universe is cooling by about by 1 degree every 3 billion years.

The temperature of space will approach absolute zero, but will never reach it. Temperature on Earth does not depend on the temperature that exists in space today, and we know that our planet Lately gradually warms up.

What is caloric?

Warm – mechanical property material. The hotter an object, the more energy its particles have while moving. Atoms of substances in a hot solid state they vibrate faster than atoms of the same but cooled substances.

Will the substance remain in liquid or gaseous state depends on to what temperature should it be heated?. Today, any schoolchild knows about this, but until the 19th century, scientists believed that heat itself was a substance - weightless fluid, named caloric.

Scientists believed that this fluid evaporated from the warm material, thereby cooling it. It can flow from hot objects to cold ones. Many predictions based on this theory are actually correct. Despite misconceptions about heat, many have actually been made correct conclusions and scientific discoveries . The caloric theory was finally defeated at the end of the 19th century.

Is there a highest temperature?

Absolute zero- a temperature below which it is impossible to fall. What is the highest possible temperature? Science cannot yet answer this question accurately.

The highest temperature is called Planck temperature. This is exactly the temperature that existed in the Universe at the moment of the Big Bang, according to ideas modern science. This temperature is 10^32 Kelvin.

For comparison: if you can imagine, this temperature billions of times higher than the highest temperature, obtained artificially by man, which was mentioned earlier.

According to standard model, The Planck temperature still remains the highest possible temperature. If there is something even hotter, then the laws of physics we are used to will stop working.

There are suggestions that the temperature may rise even higher than this level, but science cannot explain what will happen in this case. In our model of reality, anything hotter cannot exist. Maybe reality will become different?

Recently, scientists working in Antarctica recorded a temperature record - the lowest temperature for the entire period of meteorological observations.

The new record was minus 91.2 degrees. The previous record stood for thirty years. In 1983, meteorologists recorded a temperature of minus 89.2 degrees in Antarctica. It should be noted that the 1983 record was recorded by Soviet researchers in Antarctica at the Vostok station.

The latest record set by nature was certified by Japanese polar explorers at the Fuji Dome station and was confirmed by satellite data. Antarctica fully lives up to the name “Pole of Cold” - the coldest part of the Earth.

The North Pole in this regard is significantly inferior to the South Pole, where temperature minimum only reached about minus 70 degrees.

Fact temperature record somewhat out of line with the theory of global warming of the earth. While there is abnormal heat in the northern hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere may suffer from abnormal cold weather. Scientists do not deny this fact.

The temperature record also thwarted the plans of one of the heirs to the British crown, Prince Harry, to reach it on foot. South Pole. Because of weather conditions the prince and his companions were forced to cancel the event. The prince was preparing for the trip in a freezer with a temperature of minus 35 degrees, but here it was minus ninety. They didn’t take risks with someone of royal blood.

Russia is characterized by very large temperature differences. The lowest temperatures are typical for the regions Far East. It is here that the “pole of cold” is located, for which low temperatures are a completely natural phenomenon.

Russia occupies 1/8 of the landmass. Here is the deepest lake in the world, the most long river in Europe and the coldest place on Earth. Weather records for the Far East are not uncommon. The lowest temperature was recorded in the area of ​​the Indigirka River. The Celsius mark here reached minus 78 degrees. This indicator is the maximum value.

The coldest settlements Russian Federation- this is Oymyakon and Verkhoyansk. Located on the Yana River in Yakutia, the city of Verkhoyansk is relatively small. Only a thousand people live in it. On January 15, 1885, the lowest air temperature here reached -67 degrees. Terrible cold and frosty winter It's not easy to survive here. Animals and birds freeze. Residents also suffer. People are forced to light their stoves and stockpile a large number of firewood Summer in Verkhoyansk is short, but at times it can be very hot. Maximum temperature reaches +37 degrees. That is why Russia owns another record - the most big difference temperatures within one country.

In 1964, the status of a pole of cold was assigned to the village of Oymyakon, located in Yakutia. That year, the lowest temperature reached -71 degrees Celsius. In such winters, residents of the northern cities of the Far East practically do not leave their homes. Low temperatures are quite common in this region. Despite all the difficulties that people experience in such severe frost, no one can imagine their life without snow and winter fun. Troika and sleigh rides are still popular here.

July 21, 1983 record temperature was registered at the Antarctic Soviet scientific station "Vostok". That year the thermometer showed -89 degrees. This is the lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth. Regarding the lowest temperature in the European part of Russia, the record value belongs to the village of Ust-Shchuger. In 1978, the air temperature here dropped to -58 degrees Celsius.

Despite the fact that Russia has the coldest places on the planet, it is quite hot here in the summer. Thus, the absolute maximum temperature reached in Kalmykia was +45 degrees. Fluctuations in temperature extremes are another feature of Russian weather conditions. This difference reaches about 60 degrees and is a record. Undoubtedly, the temperature is different regions and regions of the country differs and depends on many factors. First of all, their geographical location.

People who are accustomed to living in extreme conditions no longer often look at the thermometer. In the cities of Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, winter with a mark of -50 degrees is common. The lowest temperature forces residents to accept the challenge of nature and, against all odds, resist the harsh elements.

Every body in nature has a certain temperature. The air also heats up and cools down. Of course, many people like warmth, and some strive to spend the cold months in hot resorts. However, there is a list of places that should be visited with caution. After all, there is the highest temperature on Earth.

Ethiopia, Dallol

The highest recorded temperature on Earth was in Ethiopia. The settlement of Dallol is located in the Afar Basin. This place holds the lead in the list of the hottest places. The highest average annual temperature was recorded here. Between 1960 and 1966, this figure in the settlement of Dallol was 34.4°C. Of course, the heat in this area is not considered horrendous. However, this temperature stays here throughout the year. At the same time, the flows warm air come not only from the sun - from above, but also from the heated soil - from below. It is for this reason that the temperature here is the highest on Earth.

It is worth noting that the Afar Basin is a region with volcanic activity, since the Dallol volcano is located very close. Of course, this hellish place is a ghost town. Back in 1960, a mining settlement was created in this area. In addition, the Afar Basin is the most remote place on the planet. Communication with the settlement of Dallol was carried out thanks to caravan routes, which were sent only for the delivery and collection of salt.

Israel, Tirat Zvi

So, where is the highest temperature on Earth, we figured it out. Of course, the Dallol settlement is not the only unique place. The list of the hottest places includes Tirat Zvi. It is locally a religious kibbutz located in Israel. Tirat Zvi is located in the Beit Shean Valley. In 1942, or to be more precise - on June 21, the highest temperature on Earth that has ever been recorded in Asia was recorded here. This figure was 53.9°C.

The Jordan River sustains life settlement and ensures soil fertility. However, during the hot summer months, the sun's rays simply scorch this valley.

Tunisia, Kebili

Most of the places where the highest temperatures on Earth have been recorded remain abandoned. This list also includes the desert oasis of Kebili, located in Tunisia. However, this is where the local population escapes from the scorching rays of the sun. After all, there is life-giving water and, of course, palm trees.

Despite all positive sides Kebili oasis remains the hottest. On its territory, the mercury column rises, as a rule, to almost 55°C.

Mali, Timbuku

The city of Timbuku, which is part of Mali, has rich history. However, the city is gradually losing ground and gradually retreating before the sands of the Sahara Desert. Timbuku is also on the list of the hottest places. You can often see large sand dunes on the city streets. Very often, houses find themselves buried under sand, which is blown here by the winds.

Of course, the proximity of the desert is not the most a big problem. The people of Timbuku are forced to cope with unbearable heat. The air temperature here often rises above 55°C.

Arabian Peninsula, Rub al-Khali

The southern third of the Arabian Peninsula is swallowed up by the sands of the Rub al-Khali desert. It covers part of the territory of the UAE, Yemen, Oman and Saudi Arabia. It is worth noting that the Rub al-Khali is a sandy continuous desert, which is considered the largest in the world. In addition, this area is considered the hottest. The average annual precipitation here is less than 30 millimeters. This is very little. In addition, the air temperature here rises above 56°C.