Visceral obesity in women treatment. Features of visceral obesity in women and men

Exogenous-constitutional obesity is divided into two types - gynoid (gluteal-femoral) and android (fat in the abdomen and upper body). More often, endocrinologists make a second diagnosis. This disease is also called abdominal ("abdomen" in Latin - "belly") - the figure begins to resemble an apple due to a swollen abdomen. At the same time, fat accumulates in the abdominal cavity, under the skin. If it is localized around the internal organs, such obesity is called visceral ("viscera" - "viscera").

How serious is this pathology and is it possible to achieve complete recovery after a course of treatment? Let's figure it out.

So, visceral obesity is overweight with fatty deposits in internal organs (the heart and liver are the first to suffer). Moreover, external signs of excess weight may not be observed at all.

Whichever organ is attacked by fat, it is no longer able to function at full strength and in the same mode. Meanwhile, adipose tissue grows (in the absence of therapeutic measures), squeezing it into a ring. At first, this leads to numerous complications in terms of health, and if you do not catch yourself in time and bring the matter to grade III obesity, everything can be fatal.

What causes of visceral obesity are known to medicine at the moment? The factors that provoke the development of the disease include:

• genetic, hereditary predisposition;
• hormonal disorders during pregnancy, lactation, menopause - in women;
• diseases of the nervous system: constant stressful situations, psychosis, panic attacks;
• beer abuse - in men (testosterone is replaced by female hormones and is no longer involved in the breakdown of fats);
• sedentary lifestyle: lack of active recreation, exercise, walking;
• improper work of the hypothalamus;
• imbalance in nutrition, when there are more carbohydrates and fats in the diet;
• binge eating;
• side effect after taking certain medications: hormones, antidepressants, tranquilizers;
• problems with the endocrine system: hypothyroidism, Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome;
• a decrease in serotonin (the hormone of happiness, which is also responsible for the feeling of fullness).

If obesity is caused by improper diet and a sedentary lifestyle (it is classified as an alimentary type), the chances of recovery are quite high. Here, a balanced diet and physical activity come to the fore.

Everything is much more complicated with genetics and congenital diseases. If the development of pathology is dictated by them, it will be chronic.

Visceral obesity can hide inside the body for a long time. It can be suspected only by the increase in weight, while the belly and waist do not grow at first. Therefore, first of all, you need to monitor the extra pounds and not allow them to "go over" the norm. For this, BMI is calculated using a special formula: I (BMI) = M (weight in kilograms) / H2 (height in meters). If the value has exceeded the 30 mark, action is urgently needed.

But this is not the only symptom of this disease. Other signs may indicate it:

• hypertension;
• type II diabetes mellitus;
• dyspnea;
• swelling;
• sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, potency, frigidity;
• heart problems: tachycardia, ischemia, bradycardia, etc.;
• liver problems: tingling in the right corner, nausea;
• lethargy, weakness;
• fast fatiguability;
• frequent stress and depression;
• uncontrolled appetite.

To confirm or dispel doubts about the presence of visceral obesity, you can weigh yourself on a special fat analyzer scale before going to the clinic. They are sold in pharmacies and are available in almost every fitness club. For this, doctors will offer to undergo computed tomography.

Like any other obesity, visceral obesity can be of 3 degrees. In 1997, WHO provided the following table for easy classification:

By the nature of the course, obesity can be stable (weight does not change for a long time), progressive (overweight is constantly increasing), residual (preservation of residual effects after weight loss).

By place of localization:

• heart - damage to the fatty tissue of the heart bag, which disrupts cardiac activity;
• liver (another name for the disease is fatty hepatosis) - dangerously intoxicated, since bile formation and detoxification are impaired;
• kidneys - disrupts the urinary function, provoking stagnation of urine, the formation of stones, the development of infectious and inflammatory processes;
• pancreas - malfunctions in the digestive system.

It is possible to clarify the diagnosis of which organ was attacked only in laboratory conditions - using MRI and ultrasound.

It is very important to start the treatment of visceral obesity in a timely manner, while the fat-clogged organ does not at all fail to work. To do this, you need to make an appointment with an endocrinologist.

The therapeutic course of this disease can be conditionally divided into 2 stages:

1. Weight loss (the duration of the period is from 3 months to six months).
2. Its stabilization (from 6 months to 1 year).

The chances of recovery can only be given by the joint work of the doctor and the patient. Treatment should be comprehensive, and its main components are diet, sports, behavioral therapy, in advanced cases - the appointment of medications and surgery.

Based on the degree of visceral obesity and the patient's eating habits, the doctor selects the optimal diet.

• decrease in daily calorie content by 30% than it was before;
• a decrease in the diet of fats and carbohydrates;
• all changes in nutrition are introduced very carefully, gradually;
• fasting days are only welcome, but without fanaticism: once a week will be enough;
• when drawing up the menu, it is necessary to use the lists of permitted and prohibited products for proper nutrition;
• usually patients with such a diagnosis are prescribed a dietary table No. 8 according to Pevzner;
• meals should be fractional, but frequent;
• reduce salt to a minimum, replace sugar with honey, refuse fast food and trans fats (especially mayonnaise and ketchup) altogether.

When following a diet, you need to remember that the diet must be balanced. Therefore, it is impossible to give up fat altogether, which can lead to impaired lipolysis, and the whole therapy will be useless. Therefore, it is better during this period to be under the constant supervision of a specialist. He can correct the menu at any time and give useful advice.

Physical activity is the main enemy of visceral obesity. But this point of treatment is even more difficult for many patients than the previous one. After all, there you can turn on your iron character and willpower to do without your favorite hamburger. And here is the physical activity that obese people perform with great difficulty. Fat folds will put even more pressure on the organs during training, causing fatigue in the first 5 minutes of training. Bends, stretching, exercise machines - everything will be accompanied by profuse sweating, shortness of breath and tachycardia.

Therefore, the mode of aerobic physical activity (frequency of exercises, their type, training intensity) is selected individually.

Along with classes, you will need to change your lifestyle, which in many ways also became the culprit of visceral obesity.

• breathe more fresh air;
• give up alcohol and smoking;
• protect yourself from stress and anxiety;
• sleep for at least 8 hours;
• constantly motivate yourself to move on and not stop there.

In fact, behavioral therapy is rarely described in detail. Nevertheless, it is of great importance for the patient's recovery.

If, 2 months after the start of therapy for visceral obesity with the above methods, the effect is not noticeable, the patient will be offered drug treatment with the following drugs:

1. Orlistat. The course of treatment is from 3 months to 4 years.
2. Metformin (Glucophage) reduces the amount of absorbed fat in the intestine, usually prescribed to patients with concomitant type II diabetes mellitus. Intestinal disorders are not uncommon among the side effects.
3. Glucagon-like peptide analogs give a sense of false satiety.

Please note that with visceral obesity, the use of herbal, diuretic drugs and all kinds of dietary supplements is not recommended. It needs to be treated only with "what the doctor ordered."

Orlistat and Metformin drugs used in the treatment of visceral obesity

Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment is carried out within 1 year. During this period, a food diary is kept, the psychological state of the patient is corrected and constantly monitored.

If the weight does not decrease by more than 10% of the initial weight, the doctor will have to reconsider the tactics of therapy: choose a different diet, change the nature of training, replace some pills with others. And continue to be constantly monitored.

If the target level of body weight is nevertheless achieved, a re-examination of the risk factors for the return of weight and the development of comorbidities is carried out.

If the drug treatment of visceral obesity is ineffective, the patient is offered surgical intervention.

It can be:

• installing balloons inside the stomachs, which take away some of the food;
• bypass surgery in the small intestine;
• restrictive surgery, when the volume of the gastric reservoir is deliberately reduced;
• combined surgery (combination of biliopancreatic and gastric bypass).

After such interventions, you will have to go through all the difficulties of the rehabilitation period. Replacement therapy with iron, calcium, multivitamins is prescribed. It is advisable to register for medical and cosmetic operations (abdominoplasty and liposuction) only after stabilization of the weight.

And, finally, what is the danger of this disease, if you do not start to treat it in a timely manner. It is necessary to immediately take into account the effect of visceral obesity on blood pressure. Fatty tissue envelops the heart and presses on the blood vessels. Hence - the strongest headaches, exorbitant hypertension, a high risk of ischemia and heart attack. So blood and lymph flow slows down, this leads to a deficiency of oxygen in all tissues of the body. And not only hypertensive patients suffer from this.

This pathology is capable of provoking the development of such serious complications as:

• metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance), when the body becomes glucose tolerant;
• diabetes;
• the formation of cholesterol plaques and the development of atherosclerotic changes;
• stroke and myocardial infarction;
• in women - hirsutism, menstrual irregularities;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• oncology;
• fatty hepatosis;
• varicose veins.

These diseases are very serious and life-threatening. Visceral obesity is one of the most insidious. It is capable of hiding inside the body for a long time, disrupting the work of organs there. It is difficult to treat, but, nevertheless, there is a chance of recovery if the doctor and the patient work in close tandem.

See also: "Obesity of internal organs."

Fat cells accumulate the body's energy reserve and fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, K, D), secrete hormones, protect internal organs from concussions and injuries, and maintain body temperature. If more energy is supplied than consumed, then the cells increase in volume, which leads to an increase in the thickness of adipose tissue.

In the body, fat is distributed in different ways: in some it is deposited in the thighs and legs, in others in the abdominal region (on the belly). The most dangerous is visceral obesity, since it leads to the development of somatic diseases.

Allocate primary alimentary-exogenous obesity, which is formed as a result of the intake of excessive amounts of fats and carbohydrates into the body, and secondary, which occurs due to diseases of the central nervous system or the endocrine system.

Primary obesity occurs in 75% of overweight people. It develops due to the fact that the body receives more energy than is expended, the diet is disturbed (the bulk of the calories is consumed at night), or meals are rare but plentiful.

Obesity does not always occur in people due to excessive food intake, sometimes the reason is insufficient physical activity. The genetic factor in the development of obesity has not been proven, the fact that the whole family suffers from the disease is explained by common habits and lifestyle.

Exogenous-constitutional obesity is divided into gynoid (gluteal-femoral) and abdominal, when adipose tissue accumulates in the abdominal cavity. When fat is found around the organs, and not under the skin, then we talk about visceral obesity.

The risk of the appearance of pathologies of the cardiovascular system is associated not with the volume of fat in the body, but with the nature of its distribution. So, a person with upper obesity (abdominal, central, android) is more likely to get heart disease than a person with lower obesity (gluteal-femoral, gynoid, peripheral).

There are three layers of adipose tissue: subcutaneous, visceral, and located under the muscle tissue. Visceral fat differs from subcutaneous fat in the type of adipocytes, lipolytic activity, sensitivity to insulin and other hormones. All adipose tissue is 80% subcutaneous fat.

The volume of visceral adipose tissue reaches 20% in men and 5–8% in women. With age, this indicator increases in both sexes.

Obesity in men and women proceeds in different ways. So, in men, visceral fat first accumulates, and after that subcutaneous fat is deposited. With weight loss, fat is first consumed, filling the space between the internal organs, and only then the waist volume decreases.

Obesity in women begins with an increase in the subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue, since estrogen interferes with the deposition of visceral fat. But still, with an increase in body weight, the volume of visceral adipose tissue increases.

Fat accumulates in the subcutaneous tissue, retroperitoneal space, epicardium, mesentery of the small intestine, hepatosis of the liver rarely occurs

Visceral adipose tissue surrounds the abdominal organs (most of all it accumulates around the intestines), the stomach, liver, kidneys and other organs. Epicardial fat is a special form of visceral fat found around the heart. It produces substances that affect the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

A person without problems with overweight visceral fat is about 3 kg. If there is obesity, then this figure can increase 10 times. Fat cells surround the internal organs and, if necessary, provide them with energy. But if a lot of fat accumulates in lipocytes, then they squeeze organs, affect blood supply and lymph movement.

In a patient with visceral obesity, complications from the pancreas and cardiovascular system are much more common than in people with gluteal obesity.

Factors provoking the development of obesity:

• hormonal disorders that occur during childbearing, lactation, menopause;
• diseases of the central nervous system (stress, psychosis, panic attacks);
• excessive consumption of beer (testosterone is converted into female sex hormones and ceases to participate in the breakdown of fats);
• reduced physical activity (sedentary work, inactive rest);
• the hypothalamus is not working properly;
• improper nutrition (the menu is dominated by fats or carbohydrates, a hearty dinner before bedtime);
• binge eating;
• against the background of drug therapy (taking hormones, tranquilizers, antidepressants);
• disruption of the endocrine system (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism);
• lack of serotonin (the hormone is responsible for a good mood and a feeling of fullness).

Diagnostics

The increase in visceral fat is not limited to obese people. British scientists have found that 45% of the fair sex and 60% of men with a body mass index of 20-25 units have an increased amount of visceral tissue. They explained this by the fact that people kept the weight "sitting down" on a diet, as a result, cells accumulate fat "for a rainy day."

Those subjects who had a normal visceral fat content, were active and did not go on hunger strikes.

To diagnose abdominal obesity, it is enough to measure the circumference of the waist and hips. If the OT / OB ratio is more than one in men and above 0.85 in women, then this indicates the deposition of adipose tissue between the internal organs.

If a person under 40 has a waist circumference of more than a meter (and at the age of 60 years the indicator is more than 90 cm), then it is believed that there is abdominal obesity, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

In a person with obesity, the regulation of the energy balance is changed, there is a disorder of day-to-day metabolism with increased formation of adipose tissue from fats and carbohydrates from food, there are difficulties with the mobilization of fat from cells.

With excessive food intake, lipogenesis is higher than lipolysis, therefore triglycerides are deposited in fat cells (lipocytes). The number of these cells in an adult does not change (progenitor cells divide only during embryonic development and puberty), triglycerides triple the size of lipocytes.

But if fat continues to enter the body, then the progenitor cells begin to divide. With extreme obesity, the number of lipocytes can increase 10 times. If new cells are formed, then with weight loss they no longer disappear, but only decrease in size.

Any type of obesity leads to atherosclerosis, chronic cholecystitis, osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, varicose veins and many other diseases

Visceral adipose tissue disrupts the work of the heart, making a person practically incapable of physical activity. The work of the lungs also changes for the worse, so breathing difficulties arise. The intestinal walls are compressed, which leads to disruption of the organ and slagging of the body.

The pancreas suffers greatly with obesity, which disrupts the production of insulin and develops diabetes mellitus. The liver accumulates fat in the cells, it ceases to cope with the protective function and toxins enter the bloodstream.

Visceral adipose tissue belongs to the endocrine organs, since it produces cortisol, interleukin-6 (inflammation hormone), leptin. Fat cells convert testosterone into female sex hormones (estrogens), so men who are overweight are obese and have problems with potency.

Elevated cortisol levels lead to chronic stress. Due to the hormone of inflammation, even with small disturbances in the cells, a strong inflammatory reaction can develop. Due to the action of hormones synthesized by visceral adipose tissue, the activity of all cells deteriorates, which contributes to the deposition of harmful substances (toxins, cholesterol, fats) in them.

It turns out that the more abdominal fat, the more hormones are produced, leading to the deposition of fat on the internal organs.

Venous blood flowing from the visceral adipose tissue enters the liver through the portal system. Because of this, a lot of free fatty acids and adipokines penetrate into the gland. Free fatty acids lead to the formation of hepatic insulin resistance, and adipokines promote the activation of anti-inflammatory mediators.

Thus, obesity provokes:

• type II diabetes mellitus;
• hypertension;
• swelling;
• shortness of breath;
• violation of reproductive and sexual function;
• changes in the work of the cardiovascular system;
• deterioration in liver function;
• lethargy, rapid fatigue;
• stress, depression;
• increased appetite.

When prescribing therapy, the doctor should take into account not only the severity of obesity, but also concomitant diseases.

Treatment of visceral obesity is to compensate for the developed metabolic disorders and involves a decrease in insulin resistance. The therapy is complex and includes measures designed to reduce the mass of abdominal-visceral fat. Patients are prescribed low-calorie meals and regular exercise.

If there are signs of obesity, then it is necessary to seek the advice of an endocrinologist. The therapy takes place in two stages: weight loss (takes 3 to 6 months) and its stabilization (lasts up to a year). In most cases, patients also need psychological help in order to understand what problems are "seized" and learn how to avoid it.

The diet is compiled individually, taking into account the patient's body weight, age, gender, food addictions, physical activity. You can eat only 25% of fat from the daily calorie content, and animal fat should be no more than 10% of the total amount of fat, and cholesterol up to 300 mg per day.

The consumption of fast-digesting carbohydrates is limited. It is recommended to eat lots of vegetables and fruits as they contain dietary fiber. When compiling a menu, an obese person should be guided by the lists of permitted and prohibited foods (Pevzner's diet number 8 is recommended).

You should completely avoid fast food and trans fats. Fats cannot be completely ruled out, as this can lead to impaired lipolysis. Weight loss and blood counts should be monitored by a physician.

Physical activity is necessary for all forms and stages of obesity. The mode of aerobic exercise is selected individually, since it depends on many factors (on the clinical manifestations of obesity, concomitant pathologies, age, gender, physical fitness).

The primary task is not to harm the cardiovascular system. Exercise increases energy consumption, normalizes metabolism, accelerates the breakdown of fats, improves the functions of all body systems, and increases efficiency.

Requires low to moderate daily aerobic activity

For young and middle-aged patients without heart and vascular diseases, exercises that increase endurance are especially useful. Walking, running, rowing, swimming, sports games are recommended. Speed ​​exercises are difficult to perform and do not provide the necessary energy consumption.

The method of fractional loads is used, that is, several approaches need to be done during the day. The course of treatment is divided into two periods. During the first, the patient adapts to increasing physical activity, and in the second, when shortness of breath and palpitations disappear, the number of approaches can be increased (one lesson lasts from 45 minutes).

Studies show that with a loss of 10-15% of the total body weight, from 30% of visceral fat is burned and significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular pathologies.

A decrease in fat volume, in most cases, leads to a decrease in hyperinsulinemia, restoration of metabolism, normalization of blood pressure, and return of insulin sensitivity. Unfortunately, not everyone gets insulin resistance and abdominal obesity with weight loss, so medication is prescribed.

If there is no result from therapy in 2 months, then the doctor may prescribe the following drugs:

• Orlistat. The active substance inhibits lipase, which leads to a violation of the breakdown and absorption of fats. Contraindicated in malabsorption syndrome, cholestasis. As a side effect, flatulence, steatorrhea, frequent bowel movements, fecal incontinence, and an urgent urge to empty the bowels may occur. The likelihood of undesirable effects increases with non-adherence to the diet. The treatment lasts from 3 months. Analogues Alli, Ksenalten, Xelikan, Orlimax, etc.
• Metromormin (Glucophage). It is indicated for type II diabetes mellitus. Reduces the absorption of glucose from the intestines, accelerates its utilization, increases insulin sensitivity, and also reduces the level of triglycerides and lipoproteins in the blood.
• Glucogon-like peptide analogs. The peptide is produced by the cells of the ileum and colon in response to food intake. Its secretion is stimulated by triglycerides and carbohydrates contained in the chyme. In the stomach, it suppresses the secretion of hydrochloric acid and weakens motility, and in the pancreas, the peptide stimulates the production of insulin and inhibits the synthesis of glucagon and somatostatin. Thus, the drug suppresses the feeling of hunger.

The effectiveness of the treatment is assessed throughout the year. During this period, the diet is adjusted, the psychological state of the patient is assessed.

Therapy is considered ineffective if 10% of the weight has not gone away

If weight loss needs to be achieved in a short time for medical reasons, and if complex therapy does not lead to results, then surgical intervention may be prescribed. Obesity is not only a cosmetic defect, it is also the inability to lead an active lifestyle, difficulties in establishing social contacts, and health problems.

It takes a lot of time, willpower and work on yourself to get rid of extra pounds. Do not expect quick results and set a goal to lose weight at lightning speed, as the risk of causing irreparable harm to health increases and there is a possibility that motivation will decrease. You need to start small and get used to the new way of life.

Natural deposits of visceral fat help the internal organs to function as shock absorbers.

But as soon as it becomes a little more than necessary, it begins to pose a certain danger.

With an increase in the percentage of visceral fat, the risk of diabetes, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular pathologies, and oncology increases. How to determine the rate of visceral fat and how to deal with its excess?

It is possible to determine whether there is an excess of visceral fat in the body by eye - for this it is enough to take a critical look at your figure. The more it resembles the notorious "apple", the more visceral fat has accumulated on the internal organs, which means that there is a great risk of developing various pathologies of the heart and liver.

The simplest measuring instrument will be an ordinary tailor's measuring tape: with its help, in a relaxed state, you should measure the waist. You should not deceive yourself and suck in your stomach, because you are not going to publish the data that will be received, on the contrary, you will take it into account to assess your health.

The exact data on the amount and place of "dislocation" of harmful fat will be given by MRI of internal organs. Computed tomography will also give an exhaustive answer to the question: how much visceral fat and where it was deposited, how dangerous these deposits are.

Body mass index is also a serious indicator - if you do not engage in strength exercises and increased weight due to high muscle mass is excluded, then a BMI over 25 should make you think, and its value over 30 is a direct guide to action.

Visceral fat, located in the abdominal cavity, forms an omentum, which serves to protect and maintain internal organs, to ensure normal temperature conditions. This is a kind of airbag, which, however, with excessive growth, can put pressure on the internal organs. In addition, fat begins to accumulate on the internal organs themselves, interfering with their normal functioning.

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The level of visceral fat increases with stress, as the hormone cortisol starts to work, stimulating the production of fat - the body, immersed in a state of stress, decides that it needs additional reserves and begins to actively accumulate them. This is facilitated by the everyday way to overcome stress - overeating. Therefore, if the risk of the formation of visceral fat is high, then it is better to try to avoid stress or at least not "seize" it.

The danger of an increase in the level of visceral fat increases if the heredity is burdened by diabetes and hypertension.

A great way to limit the accumulation of internal fat is the constant consumption of green tea, adherence to a diet. This will quickly reduce cholesterol, sugar and visceral fat levels.

A diet rich in foods high in L-carnitine can help remove visceral fat. This is, first of all, lean meat and milk.

L-carnitine is a fat burning stimulant for the body, thanks to which fat is burned in the mitochondria of muscle cells, turning into clean energy. The maximum amount of L-carnitine is found in crab meat (natural) - over 200 mg per 100 g, in young lean lamb -190 mg, in beef and venison - about 150 mg. You can also take L-Carnitine as a special supplement.

It is imperative to follow a low-calorie diet of 100 kcal per day. It will help you get rid of excess fat in just a month, as you yourself will see by taking appropriate measurements and weighing.

Eating cereals in the form of whole grains, dried fruits, low-fat dairy products, fish rich in Omega-3 acids will contribute to improving performance and significantly improving the body. Such a diet leads to a decrease in the level of insulin in the blood and increases the rate of burning of fats, including internal ones.

The best stimulant for burning internal fat is physical activity. If the weight is heavy and it is difficult to start running right away, regular walking will help out. At the initial stage, you can just walk around the city at a normal pace, gradually increasing it, but so as not to make the heartbeat go wild.

After the body becomes accustomed to exercise, you can go to brisk walking, then to running. The most gentle and at the same time effective form of physical activity is swimming. For many, an exercise bike or cycling is a great way to get rid of unhealthy fat.

In general, the accumulation of visceral fat is a sign of our well-fed time, since every day we have fewer and fewer opportunities for easy movements. We try to improve our life and move less and less. A sedentary lifestyle is the main reason for the accumulation of internal fat, another reason is the boom in convenience foods and fast food.

Change your lifestyle and diet and you may not have to put in the extra effort to fight visceral fat.

Source: more people in the modern world are faced with the problem of being overweight. There are many ways to combat it, but to achieve good results, you need to understand the very concept of fat and the reasons for its appearance.

The problem of excess weight arises mainly due to excess deposits of subcutaneous fat, which at first does not particularly affect the state of health, but rather causes discomfort.

However, there is another type of fatty deposits, which can not only spoil the mood with its appearance, but also bring many health problems - visceral fat.

Visceral (deep, abdominal, internal or trunk) fat is a type of fatty deposits that accumulates not in the subcutaneous layers of the body, but around the vital organs of the abdominal cavity. It is present in the body of every person and protects organs from possible external damage, warms them, and in fact is a spare source of nutrition, energy, which will be used in case of emergency.

Its presence in small quantities does not cause any harm to humans. This type of fatty deposits becomes dangerous when an excess of it is observed in the body. The blood supply to the internal organs is impaired. The likelihood of the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and oncological diseases increases.

There are several reasons for the appearance of this type of fat:

The tendency to develop deep fat can be passed from parent to child.

People with inactive lifestyles have a higher risk of developing excess abdominal fat than people who pay attention to physical activity.

Eating fatty, high-calorie foods, sweets, starchy foods, eating disorders - all this contributes to the excessive accumulation of fat.

• 4. Men are prone to the appearance of deep fat more than women - this is due to the work of hormones.

Alcohol consumption, which is somewhat more common in the male half of the population, can cause hormones to malfunction, which leads to excessive deposition of visceral fat. Women catch up with men in terms of abdominal volume, when they start menopause, the level of estrogen (female sex hormone) drops.

Everyone knows that it is difficult to stop and not overeat, seizing stress, but that chronic lack of sleep, insomnia lead to the appearance of a tummy, not everyone guesses. Although this is also simply explained - the exhausted body begins to prepare for difficult times, putting aside more in reserve.

The presence of deep fat in the volume of 10-15% of the total body fat is considered normal.

You can check the presence of excess internal fat in the body by measuring the volume of the waist.

In women, the indicator is considered to be the norm, in men, cm. It can also indicate possible problems with calculating body mass index, at which a mark of 25 is considered the norm.

It is worth remembering about the individual characteristics of a person's structure, it is possible to find out whether the amount of visceral fat is normal using the formula - "height - 100", if the indicator is significantly exceeded, there is an excess of visceral fat.

Now on sale there are special scales that can determine the percentage of body fat, so there indicators 1-12 are considered the norm, from 13 to 59 surplus, respectively, the higher the number, the worse for your health.

The discomfort from having visceral fat can be noticed by the fact that it becomes difficult to breathe at times, the body sweats even with a small load, there is a constant feeling of fatigue, weakness.

Excess internal fat can affect the functioning of vital organs and worsen the condition of the body as a whole:

• The liver and kidneys can no longer cope with stress, which can lead to slagging.
• Atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension develop faster.
• Confusion of the diaphragm, which in turn puts pressure on the heart and lungs, which can cause shortness of breath.
• Malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract. The risk of fatty liver hepatosis.
• Interruptions in the work of the heart. That in consequence can lead to heart attack, stroke.
• There are problems with the spine, which can lead to sciatica and hernia. Osteoporosis progresses.
• Oxygen starvation of the body.
• The emergence of cancer.
• The risk of diabetes is increased.
• Violation and change in the hormonal background of a person, infertility, in men there is a decrease in testosterone levels, potency decreases.
• Varicose veins of the pelvic organs and lower extremities develop.

Another danger is that it is rather difficult to determine the excess of internal fat, in order to make sure that a problem exists, you will need to undergo an MRI scan and computed tomography, you will also have to pass a number of tests.

The next problematic point is that quickly, with the help of liposuction and other techniques, it is really possible to get rid of only subcutaneous fat, but the visceral fat that tightly envelops our intestines, liver, and kidneys cannot be removed.

As well as from subcutaneous fat, visceral fat is burned more easily.

The first assistant in the fight against abdominal fat will be diet and normalization of the diet. Food intake should be rational and balanced: proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Meals should be fractional, you need to eat often, but little by little. Preference should be given to food baked, boiled or steamed.

You should not starve or limit yourself to food, you should eat at the first request of the body (the body tends to accumulate fat for future use). Breakfast should not be skipped. Dinner should be light, preferably with vegetables or fruits. It is better to replace simple carbohydrates with complex ones and combine foods correctly.

Calorie counting is necessary, their number per day should not exceed 1200 kcal.

The basis of the daily diet should be fresh vegetables, their amount should be 70% of the food consumed. In fermented milk products, the fat percentage should not exceed 2.5% (ideally, one-percent fat dairy products should be consumed).

The diet should consist of lean meat, egg whites, fish, porridge on water, durum wheat, cereals and bran. Dried fruits are ideal for snacks throughout the day. The presence of fiber in the diet is imperative.

L-Carnitine, which is part of meat and fish, stimulates fat burning, for this it is worth consuming lamb, young veal, rabbit, venison, crab and poultry meat. Ginger is a good fat burner and can be added to tea (preferably green for fat loss) or salads. Celery, apples, blueberries, oranges and other citrus fruits are useful.

Fast food, fatty meat, confectionery, oils and margarine, carbonated sweet water, juices in tetrapacks should be excluded from the menu, the amount of consumption should be reduced, and, if possible, alcohol should be completely excluded. Don't snack on sandwiches.

The drinking regimen is also important, 1.5 water should be consumed per day - it will help flush out toxins from the body. In order for the diet to give the desired effect, it must be used in combination with sports.

Exercise is the primary means of combating excess visceral fat accumulation. The fight should begin with getting rid of subcutaneous fat, then the body begins to use body fat.

Particular attention should be paid to the accumulation of muscle mass, which will help increase the expenditure of energy expended by the body.

In physical activity, preference should be given to running (here you should carefully monitor the pulse to avoid interruptions in the work of the heart), swimming, cycling.

Tennis, ice skating and snowboarding, walking, active outdoor sports (football, basketball, volleyball) will help.

At the same time, it is important to pay attention to proper breathing - the body should not experience oxygen starvation.

The ideal way to fight visceral fat is to exercise on cardiovascular machines. Minutes a day of vigorous exercise on them will speed up the metabolic process, which will help to burn off the required amount of fat.

At home, fitness and aerobics will help solve the problem with excess body fat. Running on the spot will also come to the rescue in the fight against excess fat, it should be given at least 20 minutes per set 3-4 times a week.

Cardio exercises include jumping on the spot or with a skipping rope, enough 5-7 minutes a day to achieve a good result.

Exercises on the press can not only strengthen the muscles of the abdomen, but also get rid of internal fat, for the best effect, you should insulate the abdominal area (a warm sweater or belt made of natural wool will help with this) - this will speed up fat burning, while exercises for the press should be varied :

Take a supine position, bend your elbows behind your head. Bend your legs at the knees, feet pressed to the floor.

Take a supine position, raise straightened legs until a right angle is formed.

The principle is the same as with the classic press, only when lifting the left elbow should touch the right knee and vice versa.

• - Double press - is a more difficult exercise that requires a lot of strength.
• - Turning the legs while lying down.

Exercises for the press can be done almost every day, but experienced trainers recommend doing this type of load 3-4 times a week.

It is worth remembering that the load should be increased gradually, alternating between power and aerobic. It is also worth gradually increasing the intensity of your workouts. Sports should take place after 1.5-2 hours after eating. Weight loss of 0.5 kg per week is considered normal.

I hope you figured out what abdominal internal fat is, how it is dangerous for the body, the reasons for its formation and methods, learned how to remove visceral fat from the waist for men and women.

It is important to know, with all your efforts, that the complete disposal of visceral fat threatens anorexia, which will cause great harm to health. And after 40 years, an increase in body fat is a normal process.

Who doesn't want to be healthy?

Probably, there is not a single person who shouted back proudly: "I". The opposite situation is observed, everyone wants to be healthy, every holiday is made toasts with appropriate wishes, health is considered the main value in our century.

But nevertheless they do not cherish, they miss, they lose ...

Years pass, education, career, family, children .. Illness .. Sadly, but over the years we almost inevitably become overgrown with illnesses. Which progress very quickly, become chronic, and lead to premature old age. Well, you don't have to continue ...

However, I am not here to sigh on the virtual rubble and read the suicide epilogue to all of us!

You can start to fight, change your life for the better at any stage. And at 30, and at 40, and at 60 .. Simply, the possibilities in this struggle will be different.

Let it all take its course? Or every day to systematically do something for your precious health. Let it be a little, half a step! But it will be a movement that will actually happen.

If you don’t do anything for years, and then one Monday you start all at once - do exercises, go on a diet, start leading a healthy lifestyle, then I can disappoint you .. You will not be enough for a long time. 97% of all beginners quit this “bad” job by the end of the week. Everything is too harsh, too much, too scary .. Change everything ..

But you and I will not be globalists doomed to failure, we will little by little, but every day we will take care of our health.

Let's start taking care of your health? Not tomorrow .. Not since Monday .. But here .. And now!

On the site alter-zdrav.ru you will find many effective and available at home ways and methods of strengthening your own health. We are considering treatment methods

• with the help of massage (mostly acupressure, which allows you to help yourself on your own),
• physical exercise,
• therapeutic fasting,
• hirudotherapy (treatment with leeches),
• apitherapy (treatment with bees and bee products).
• There are also methods of treatment for mummy, pet therapy, herbal treatment.

Particular attention is paid to the correct (rational nutrition) and personal experience of the author, who has tried most of the methods described here.

Alternative medicine gives an alternative to medical officialdom, allows a person to find their own methods of treatment without drugs, cleanse their body of toxins, toxins and excessive stress (we remember the hackneyed truth that all diseases are from nerves).

Psychological tests and methods of dealing with stress (strengthening the spirit) will help you survive in the world of speed. Lack of time shouldn't affect your health. The techniques suggested here take very little time, but require regular execution.

It is possible to restore health, it all depends on you, your desire, persistence. And the blog alter-zdrav.ru will do everything to provide you with the information you need.

Site publications are for informational purposes only. For a practical solution to this or that problem, you need to see a doctor.

Source: often we (and some constantly) have to lose weight quickly by the summer, new year, birthday, March 8, February 23, etc. (underline necessary or all). We have been recruiting for months or years, but we want to reset quickly in a week or a month. We are not going to dissuade you - it is completely useless, much less to reprimand you - they say it was necessary to take care of this earlier. No, we have another task before us. To tell you, since it happened so, what all this is fraught with and how to minimize the negative consequences of "fast weight loss".

Designed by nature as a natural reserve for feeding a child, unexpected hunger or illness, fat gets out of control and begins to exist as an independent organ that influences many processes in our body. Fat, deposited for example in the abdominal region, changes hormonal levels, increasing testosterone levels in women and, conversely, lowering them in men. To maintain and build up its mass, fat requires more and more calories, fueling appetite and provoking bulimia. The load on all internal organs increases many times over, a person experiences tremendous physical overload and emotional pressure. All this sooner or later leads to the understanding that “you can't live like that” and you urgently need to lose weight. And even those who do not have a large surplus, but want to quickly get rid of 5-7 kg. fall into the risk group that occurs with a high-speed discharge. So what are the dangers of fast weight loss.

We will repeat over and over again that with the wrong quick release, we lose muscle mass no less, and sometimes more, than the fat itself. Which leads to a slowdown in metabolism and fat burning capacity of the body (fat burns in muscles, and we destroy them). From an aesthetic point of view, the result is also not happy. The "jelly" musculature cannot impress. And after the end of the strict diet, fat is restored in the first place and in a larger volume, and only then the muscles are restored in a smaller volume. And as a result, while maintaining or even keeping the weight at a lower value, we began to have a higher percentage of fat than before "losing weight." And to maintain weight now requires fewer calories (fat consumes less energy than muscles 9! Times), which means we must be even "stricter" to ourselves and eat even less. Clap. This is the metabolic trap. We drove ourselves into it. But these are not the most negative consequences of "losing weight to."

First you need to understand the nature of fat. Previously it was believed that the number of fat cells is a hereditary thing, i.e. along with eye and hair color, it is genetically programmed and permanent (i.e. cells do not divide). But now there is evidence to refute this. It is known that the nutrition of the mother during pregnancy can largely influence the process of laying the number of fat cells in the child. And the fat cells themselves under certain conditions, for example, with obesity, can additionally divide. And the number of these cells can be reduced only by surgery (liposuction, abdominoplasty).

So, fat is stored in fat cells called adipocytes. In order for it to come out from there, it must break down into fatty acids and glycerol. The signal for this decay is either a decrease in the concentration of fatty acids in the blood (diet), and the shortage must be replenished, or an increase in the concentration of the decay products of ATP (training), which is a source of energy and for the synthesis of which fatty acids are needed. Glycerol is not of interest to us now, and in this case, we will neglect its fate.

The situation is very bad when we lose weight on some diets without fitness, which would "burn" fatty acids circulating with the blood through the vessels. And the faster we lose weight, the more the concentration of fatty acids in the blood rises like an avalanche, and the more likely the deposition of cholesterol in the vessels. Not finding use in non-working muscles, fat is directly sent to the liver, which is not able to cope with its processing, which can lead to fatty degeneration (cirrhosis) in a few sessions of "quick weight loss".

It and the measured values ​​of the traits can be determined by the prediction diet class for visceral fat. In this case, the main task comes down to identifying an algorithm that is simpler than the likelihood ratio, while at the same time giving satisfactory prediction results. Many such heuristic algorithms have been proposed. The most widely used hyperplane algorithm is that the heuristic classification algorithm is chosen. We substitute the combination of values ​​obtained in the training experiment into the formula of the algorithm. If, when calculating the forecast, we obtain Yaxcl.ei1- according to the forecast, the decision on the class If Yaxcl.eH1> Xr-- is applied. a decision is made about the class Кгп - If the algorithm provides high quality prediction and the features separate the classes well, then the estimates of the classes according to the forecast for and the training experiment will coincide. In reality, for one reason or another, discrepancies may occur and it is necessary to assess the probabilities of erroneous decisions. It is important that in this case the estimates of the probabilities of erroneous decisions can be obtained simply from the results of the training experiment, and the class estimates according to the forecast without performing the integration. accompanied by two dogs, like the Hindu Yama visceral with his two four-eyed Saramean dogs. Miller S. The name of the prince Boy Miller traces the terrible to Lithuanian, Gaura to lit. shags, animal hair, and Staura considers a distorted formation from lit. howl verb, howl in the same place. 12 V.V. Magnitsky further continues Among the Russians in the Urzhum district of the Vyatka province, the commemoration in the silt corresponds to the commemoration of the strangled people, who were missing, burned down during the fire, in general to all those who did not receive the funeral service Magnitsky s. the fat of the dead was in the fact that they did not waste their age. According to OA Sedakova, the etymology of fame, cf. dr.-rus. howl, lat. reveals the original Indo-European semantics of vital force, OA Sedakova. The topic of a share in a funeral rite East Slavic and South Slavic material C Research in the field of Balto-Slavic spiritual culture Funeral rite. M., p. According to this hypothesis, the hostages of the dead cannot leave the limits of the human world, a diet for visceral fat since they have not used up

Source: the visceral fat layer is considered dangerous for the figure and health, which indicates progressive obesity and sharply raises the question of how to get rid of internal fat in the body, dissolve unpleasant deposits. In fact, it is a product (result) of a high concentration of light carbohydrates that are ingested with food. Internal fat in humans envelops internal organs and systems, complicates their work. As a result, the development of extensive pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, prone to a chronic course.

Before struggling with extra pounds, it is required to undergo diagnostics for chronic diseases. Internal body fat is a hidden health threat. Essentially, they do the job of the endocrine gland. Problem areas are localized in the abdomen, intestines, liver and kidneys. It turns out that these organs of the abdominal cavity gradually float with internal fat, they do not work at full strength.

This is how diseases associated with obesity appear and are prone to serious complications. It will not be possible to get rid of them quickly and stabilize the weight; an integrated approach to the problem is required, which includes the normalization of the disturbed metabolism and the regulation of the hormonal background by conservative methods, medication. Then the internal fat will begin to dissolve before our eyes.

The external manifestations of obesity are obvious, but inside the visceral fat represents capacious deposits that stretch the skin and lead to a loss of elasticity. If not treated in a timely manner, the problem will only increase, the stomach will bulge and sag. The norm of visceral fat when measuring the waist in women should not exceed 88 cm, in men - no more than 94 cm. These are critical indicators, the deviation from which to a large side forces the patient to ask the main question of how to remove visceral fat on the abdomen. To return the desired cubes, you need to see your doctor.

Most often, the problem areas are the abdomen, waist, sides and hips, which acquire a saggy and not presentable appearance. Excess weight provokes a disturbed metabolism and a failure in the production of hormones, and this is already a disease. An urgent need to get rid of her. Visceral fat is hazardous to health, as it can turn a once healthy person into a disabled person. The potential threat is as follows:

• diagnosed infertility in girls of reproductive age;
• violation of natural ventilation of the lungs;
• progressive oxygen starvation;
• sleep apnea;
• increased fatigue, loss of energy;
• arterial hypertension;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• type 2 diabetes mellitus;
• oncological diseases;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• endocrine disorders;
• the pathologies of the digestive system are extensive.

To ensure productive weight loss, the first step is to find out the root cause of progressive obesity, get rid of it. Detailed diagnostics is the basis of external reincarnations that come when the characteristic patient observes certain rules. The ideal figure in the presence of internal fat in the body is a reality. The recommendations of modern doctors and nutritionists on how to get rid of the internal fat layer are as follows:

1. Therapeutic diet. A complete rejection of simple carbohydrates is required, an adequate intake of proteins, complex carbohydrates and antioxidants, according to the prescribed dietary regimen.
2. Active lifestyle. Daily walks in the fresh air and morning exercises are simply bound to become the norm in the life cycle. You can choose to go cycling, rollerblading, or dance more. In addition, it is imperative to get rid of bad habits.
3. Cleansing the intestines from toxins, slagging. To effectively get rid of visceral fat, you need to regularly arrange fasting days, bowel cleansing with folk remedies.
4. Classes in the gym, at home. Select exercises according to physical fitness, state of health, evenly distribute the load on the muscles. Otherwise, you can only harm your own health.
5. Water balance. This source of strength and energy should prevail in sufficient quantity in a person's life. With an excess of subcutaneous fat, you should drink at least 3 liters of clean water per day.

Many obese and overweight patients struggle with physical activity and sports. This is especially true for men and young girls who dream not of a slim, but of an athletic figure, to get rid of problem areas. It is quite possible to build muscle and remove body fat, the main thing is to choose an effective training complex for medical reasons. Here are some easy ways to get rid of visceral fat permanently with exercise:

1. Plank. Exercise will help work out all muscle groups, has a fat burning effect. first you need to stand in this position for 1 minute, but gradually increase the time interval.
2. Running in place with high knees. At first, it will be equally difficult for women and men, but over time, 2-3 minutes of running will no longer seem like a whole hour. The main thing is to control breathing, pace, technique of performing approaches in training.
3. Running in place from a plank position. For greater body relief, leaning on the hands, raise the legs to the chest, imitating a low-distance run. Gradually increase the speed, perform the exercise for 1 minute.

A strict diet is always stressful for the body, therefore, to reliably and quickly get rid of body fat, it is shown to adhere to the basic principles of good nutrition. Before removing internal fat from organs, it is necessary to consult a nutritionist - the problem is of an internal nature. The goal is to normalize metabolism, control hormones. Here are the basic nutritional guidelines for losing visceral fat:

1. Remove unhealthy foods containing fats, light carbohydrates, cholesterol from the daily menu.
2. Provide a supply of proteins and proteins as "builders" of muscle mass, to exclude the formation of fat in the subcutaneous layer.
3. Use vitamins and antioxidants to strengthen the immune system, remove free radicals, and protect against external provoking factors.
4. Of the foods allowed for abdominal fat, it is worth highlighting boiled poultry and lean varieties of fish, dairy products and vegetables. Unsweetened fruits, green tea are suitable.
5. When deciding how to get rid of internal fat in the body, remove flour, sweet, fatty, alcohol, carbonated drinks from the menu.

Source: How to Get Rid of Visceral Fat: Before and After Photos

The principles of a healthy lifestyle are gaining in popularity and importance. These are not empty words. Indeed, people have become more attentive to their health. That is why the presence of extra pounds today is a serious reason to think not only about the cause of their occurrence, but also possible ways to eliminate it at home. However, not all so simple. Often, excess weight does not show up as deposits on the arms, waist, or hips. There is also visceral fat. What is it? What is the danger of visceral fat, which is most clearly visible in the presence of a large belly in a person, and how can you get rid of it yourself? Let's figure it out!

Visceral fat is a deposit of special tissue created by the body. Such reserves are not collected at the buttocks or waist, as is the case with subcutaneous fat. It accumulates much deeper. Visceral fat is found around the viscera. Both women and representatives of the stronger half can face this. At the same time, in general, the figure can remain normal. The first sign of a problem is the absence of a waist and the formation of a large amount of fatty tissue here, which covers both muscles and internal organs.

The peculiarity of visceral fat is that it is represented by a mass consisting of so-called brown fat cells. Since they accumulate mostly around internal organs, such deposits are often referred to as abdominal or internal. Visceral fat can usually be determined by the presence of a bulging abdomen. As a rule, the rest of the body remains normal and cannot be called full.

On a note! It cannot be said that there should be no visceral fat in the body at all. The whole point is that it is these deposits that protect the internal organs from thermal and mechanical injuries. The danger arises when such stocks become more than the norm.

It is often believed that excess body fat is associated with age. This is a misconception! There is no connection between the number in the passport, the figure and the amount of visceral fat in the body.

However, doctors were able to name the most common reasons for the formation of an excess of such deposits in the body. These include:

• abuse of sweets;
• love of high-calorie foods;
• heredity;
• hormonal disruptions;
• sedentary lifestyle.

In addition, people suffering from chronic sleep deprivation are at risk.

In addition to the physical disability experienced by a person suffering from excessive formation of visceral fat, one cannot fail to note other negative aspects of this phenomenon. So, such deposits inside the body negatively affect the entire work of the human body and its figure.

An excess of visceral fat is dangerous to human health in that it can become a trigger for many diseases:

Often, such deposits provoke disruptions in the body's hormonal system. An excess of visceral fat directly affects metabolic processes. It just slows down the metabolism.

In addition, such formations in excess are the cause of snoring. The whole point is that the heart, covered with fat, begins to malfunction. However, snoring is only one side of the coin. In such a situation, breathing stops often occur during sleep.

As you can see, visceral fat is a serious threat to human health. Its negative impact can lead to irreversible consequences. That is why serious steps must be taken to get rid of visceral fat. It is not only beneficial for the state of the body, but also for the appearance. Photos before and after, as well as videos, clearly prove this.

Losing weight in this case is the best solution to the problem. The appeal of any diet is that it burns fat around the internal organs to a certain extent.

However, it is worth noting that some principles should be adhered to especially strictly during weight loss. A diet focused on burning internal or abdominal fat should be based on fiber-fortified foods. Only 10 g of this substance allows you to remove adipose tissue and block the accumulation of visceral fat. A glass of green peas and a couple of apples do a great job.

Low-carb diets, which are based on a recommendation to consume as much protein as possible, are best suited to get rid of such accumulations. To burn these fats, it is worth creating a diet such that its calorie content varies from 1800 to 2000 kcal. To do this, during a diet, it is worth giving up:

However, following these diets should not be thoughtless. Otherwise, it carries health risks.

On a note! Weight loss is considered optimal, in which weight is reduced by no more than 1 kg per week.

It is not possible to get rid of visceral fat at home without sufficient activity. It is impossible to linger in this situation, as well as to maintain a lean form only due to properly organized nutrition. It's important to get your muscles to work. Simple exercises will help the figure.

Along with diet, weight loss should be based on exercise. To get rid of such internal accumulations, moderate muscle loads are recommended:

The duration of the lessons is at least 30 minutes. Workouts should be done at least three times a week. This will stop or reduce the rate of fat accumulation around your internal organs.

Intensive aerobic exercise is helpful in this situation. It is optimal to present such loads with a set of exercises in aerobics, jogging, brisk walking with rises. It is necessary to devote at least 4 hours a week to such activities. This will already be enough to evaluate the results in a month or two and get rid of visceral fat.

To get rid of fatty deposits around internal organs, it is very important to get the right mindset psychologically. A rigid diet and the most intense physical activity will not allow you to achieve optimal weight loss if you constantly remain in the strongest nervous tension. These recommendations are not only valid for women. They also apply to men.

To remove the accumulation of fat, you should gradually switch to diet and restriction of the diet. Otherwise, the body perceives the rejection of the usual food as stress. If you rid yourself of negative emotions, take the diet as a step towards a new body and recovery, then weight loss will proceed more fruitfully and successfully.

Exercise and proper diet are the foundation of weight loss. But in order to get rid of the abdominal accumulations, which are indicated by a large belly, it is worth adjusting the sleep pattern. You need to sleep 6-7 hours a day. If a person sleeps for 5 hours or less, then he is at risk. In his body, visceral fat begins to accumulate rapidly.

On a note! Sleeping more than 8 hours a day is also not useful. From this, the body also accumulates fat, which gives a large belly.

To eliminate subcutaneous fat, women often resort to a variety of cosmetic procedures at home. However, many of the techniques are effective in the fight against visceral fat. By the way, men can also resort to similar methods. Many cosmetic procedures do an excellent job with the problem, which manifests itself in the form of a decrease in the volume of the abdomen.

So, what are the home treatments that can help deal with the problem? The real blow to visceral fat during weight loss is inflicted by:

All these procedures are aimed at activating metabolic processes. They burn fat well and eliminate excess weight in women and the stronger half. Men are often embarrassed to take care of themselves. In vain! Many cosmetic procedures are excellent helpers for diets and physical activity. Wraps with clay, mustard, honey are especially effective in this regard.

It is believed that there is a genetic predisposition to the accumulation of visceral fat. That is why it is worth observing relatives. If men or women in a family have such a problem, which is clearly expressed, as in the photo above, in the form of a large belly, you should accustom yourself to training and proper nutrition. It is necessary to give up unhealthy fats, sweets, baked goods. The basis of the diet is to make vegetables, nuts, cereals, mushrooms and fruits.

Having decided to put the body in order and get rid of all accumulations, you should definitely watch the videos below. These guidelines will help you succeed:

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Source: the fat that surrounds and permeates all our internal organs - the heart, lungs, liver, pancreas. But most of all it is around the intestines. Visceral fat even forms the anterior abdominal wall - in the form of a greater omentum.

The total weight of visceral fat even in the most slender person is about 3 kg, and with obesity, its mass reaches kg. Normally, this tissue envelops all our internal organs in the thinnest veil, quickly meeting their energy needs.

With excess body weight, visceral fat is like a thick mattress, which "squeezes" the internal organs. They disrupt normal blood circulation and lymph flow. As a result, visceral adipose tissue becomes an enemy, interfering with the normal functioning of internal organs.

Fat deposits are of two types: subcutaneous and visceral. And if the former accumulate on the sides, thighs, and throughout the body under the skin, then the latter directly occupy the abdominal organs. This type of fat is much more dangerous and more difficult to defeat. At the moment, there are not even surgical operations that would help fight it.

If you do not burn visceral fat in time, provided that there is too much of it, this threatens the body with the following consequences:

Hormonal disorders;

Development of varicose veins;

Disruption of metabolic processes.

It is necessary to think about how to reduce visceral fat for women with a waist of more than 88 cm, and for men with a waist of more than 94 cm, since it is these volumes that indicate the presence of obesity.

Of course, in all the details as a percentage of your body weight and subcutaneous fat, a doctor can tell you about this, to whom I advise you to go for a full clinical examination. But there are also those factors that you can identify yourself and draw your own conclusions:

1. It is necessary to determine by what type of fat is deposited on your figure - by the type of "apple" or "pear". It has been proven that people with wide hips and thin waists (pear-shaped) have much less reason to worry about this issue than those who are "an apple".

2. Measure your waist (do not pull in your stomach and tighten the measuring tape to the maximum). Stand up straight, relax and measure your waist at navel level. For women, the norm is 80 cm, for men - 94. Until recently, these norms were greatly overestimated (88 for women and 104 for men), but recent studies show that with a waist higher than 80 and 94 for women and men, respectively, the risk of visceral obesity increases greatly.

3. Try to gather the skin around your navel between your thumb and forefinger into a thin fold. If you can't do that, chances are you have a lot of visceral fat. I understand that now many will be upset. But do not try to wave your hand at yourself. Visceral fat can and should be fought!

First of all, it is necessary to put in order the food, balancing it in composition, reduce portions, eat fractionally, giving up at least for a while from flour and sweets (note: ate a pound of sweets - accumulated 250 grams of internal fat. Well, you still want something sweet ?). You also need to burden yourself with physical exercises to reduce the abdomen, do fitness or simple walking - here you are free to choose for yourself. In a word - take care of yourself, devote time to your body, your health, and you will certainly win this battle!

Visceral fat goes away with subcutaneous fat, unless a person has endocrine diseases. To get rid of it, you need to go on a diet, exercise, drink plenty of water, and take effective weight loss products. In this case, people with visceral obesity should take into account the following:

☀ exercise is more effective than diet to reduce the amount of internal fat; eat less, but more often, do not allow the excruciating feeling of hunger to appear, as this will lead to the accumulation of even more visceral fat;

☀ take vitamin C, drink more coffee, because caffeine and ascorbic acid reduce the activity of the adrenal cortex, which means they inhibit the synthesis of corticosteroids;

☀ observing a low-calorie diet, you should first of all limit the intake of fats and fast carbohydrates; be sure to drink plenty of water; when choosing a drug for weight loss, preference should be given to drugs that accelerate metabolism; you can use drugs that limit the intake of fats, for example, Xenical;

☀ it is advisable to avoid stressful situations or take sedatives. In any case, if you follow your figure, visceral fat will not accumulate. It appears along with "normal" subcutaneous fat.

As a rule, they leave together. The principles of weight loss have been known for a long time, and they are universal. Regardless of where the fat is stored, you can remove it by eating less and moving more.

Excess calories, whether from alcohol, sugary drinks, or overly large meals, can increase visceral fat. Alcohol contains almost as many calories as fat.

Sweetened drinks are the # 1 digestible source of sugar. If you want to get rid of visceral fat, the first place to stop is sweetened soft drinks.

It appears that alcohol has a special relationship with the internal fat around the waist. Most likely, this is because when we drink alcohol, the liver is too busy neutralizing it to still have time to burn fat at the same time, which leaves us with a beer belly. Plus, by acting on hormones that regulate satiety, alcohol makes us feel hungry.

Starting position: lying on your back, arms bent at the elbows, locked behind the head. Legs bent at the knees, feet on the floor. Lying on your back, raise your upper body and touch your knees. You need to start doing this exercise 10 times a day, 4 times a week.

Starting position: lying on your back. Straightened legs need to be raised until a right angle forms between them and the body. This exercise will be ideal if the toes of the feet touch the floor behind the head. Such is the gymnastics! For a start, 10 times a day 3-4 times a week is enough.

Starting position: lying on your back, arms bent behind the head, and legs at the knees. The feet are on the floor. The same exercise on the press only at the end of the left elbow touches the right knee. And in the next approach, the right elbow touches the left knee. The daily rate is about one day. 3 times a week.

Harder exercise. Starting position: lying on the floor, hands in the lock behind the head, and the legs are bent at the knees. To perform the exercise, you need to pull up your legs and raise your torso, touching your elbows to your knees. Thus, only the lower back is supported. In this position, the abdominal muscles do not get proper rest, and therefore get tired faster. Hence the great effectiveness of the exercise. It will be enough once a day, 2-3 times a week.

Starting position: lying on your back, legs raised at an angle of 90 °. Bend your legs alternately, first to the left, then to the right. At the same time, try to touch the floor with your feet. This exercise engages the lateral abdominal muscles and helps to remove the sides. The daily rate is 20 times a day. Almost all abdominal exercises can be done every day. But the optimal frequency is considered 3-4 times a week.

After a month of doing the exercises, you can increase the intensity of the workout by one and a half times.

All exercises should be performed gradually, gradually increasing the load. And strength exercises - such as abs - alternate with aerobic exercise.

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To avoid health problems, we strongly recommend that you consult a doctor before using the advice from our website.

Source: />

Visceral obesity is represented by the deposition of excess fat in the structures of internal organs. Excess weight and an increased body mass index always entail serious complications in the form of diabetes mellitus, diseases of the musculoskeletal and articular apparatus, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular pathologies. The main reason for being overweight is often typical overeating, an inactive lifestyle, lack of diet, sleep and wakefulness. Treatment of fatty deposits is long-term, requires special discipline of the patient in relation to the doctor's recommendations. Medical nutrition and a healthy lifestyle already after a few weeks give the first tangible results, significantly improving the quality of life of a patient at any age with visceral obesity.

Visceral obesity (internal) is the formation of an excess mass of subcutaneous adipose tissue near vital organs, reducing their resources, up to the development of functional failure. Normally, each person has certain reserves of internal fat, which performs the following functions:

• shock-absorbing effect when walking, falling, bruising;
• creating an internal reserve of the body for nutrition in atypical circumstances;
• protection of internal organs from negative factors.

The internal type of obesity appears not only in overweight people. Excessive internal fatty tissue is often recorded in lean patients. It is possible to determine the true volume of fat in people of any physique only by carrying out diagnostic measures. Frequent localization of deposits of internal fat is the iliac region of the peritoneum, thighs, and the middle of the back. Known in clinical practice, the "beer bellies" of men and women, even against the background of a slender constitution, are formed precisely because of the increase in visceral fat layer. In women, visceral fat is more often deposited in the thighs from all sides and on the abdomen.

Important! Excessive accumulation of excess fat around internal organs can cause respiratory problems. So, strong snoring during sleep with respiratory arrest and attacks of suffocation are often formed precisely against the background of body fat.

The formation of visceral fat is directly related to all links of metabolic processes. Metabolic obesity is accompanied by increased body weight, impaired susceptibility of the cellular structures of internal organs to insulin hormone. In addition to the risks of developing diabetes mellitus, patients have an increase in blood pressure, an increase in the volume of cholesterol deposits, and a deterioration in overall health. Clinicians believe that it is the disturbance in the sensitivity of cells to the hormone insulin in the absence of a high glycemic index that is the trigger for the development of diabetes mellitus, metabolic imbalance, and the occurrence of excess weight. The impairment of insulin sensitivity depends on the following factors:

• the gender and age of the patient;
• heredity;
• features of intrauterine development of the fetus;
• systematic effects of negative factors on the body;
• hormonal disorders.

Visceral fat leads to impaired carbohydrate metabolism and hormonal imbalances. With a burdened endocrinological history, complications may arise from the ratio of thyroid hormones.

The rate of development of cell sensitivity to insulin and obesity depends on the following features of visceral adipose tissue:

• multiple nerve and vascular plexuses;
• a large number of receptors responsible for excitability;
• low density of nerve receptors, which accelerates the breakdown of fats;
• high density of receptors in relation to adrenal cortex hormones and estrogens;
• many of the cells that make up adipose tissue.

With an intense rate of lipid breakdown in the subcutaneous fatty tissue, fatty acids are released from cellular structures, penetrating into the bloodstream and entering the liver. Hepatocytes (liver cells) reduce the ability of insulin to bind.

The volume of unclaimed pancreatic hormone increases, leading to a lack of response to insulin in the cells in the muscle layers. Thus, the accumulation of products of under-oxidized fats occurs in the blood plasma. Under the influence of these factors, glucose uptake by skeletal muscles and cardiac tissues is impaired. As visceral fat builds up, insulin synthesis decreases, leading to serious endocrinological disturbances.

Important! In addition to reducing the sensitivity of cells to insulin, fat metabolism is disturbed, muscle cells and collagen synthesis within organs are intensively formed. All these processes lead to dystrophic deformations of the vascular walls, provoking the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Nutritionists and endocrinologists can determine the presence of visceral fat only with pronounced manifestations and with a characteristic symptomatic picture. Usually, the final diagnosis is recorded on the basis of clinical data (laboratory and instrumental research methods). There is a theory that if a person's figure looks more and more like a circle and an apple, then this is evidence of an increase in visceral fat. To detect excess fat, simply measure the relaxed waist circumference of a man's or woman’s waist.

Safe indicators are:

• limit up to 90 cm in women;
• limit up to 102 cm in men.

In women with a pear-shaped silhouette, deposits accumulate more on the thighs, rarely immediately affecting the abdomen. The subcutaneous fatty tissue on the thighs secretes a specific hormone that protects the tissues of the myocardium and pericardium. To reliably determine the volume of visceral fat, specialists resort to MRI studies. The method of magnetic resonance imaging allows you to study layer by layer all the tissues of the human body, to give a reliable assessment of excess fat deposits, as well as the general condition of tissue, muscle and articular structures in general.

The volume of internal fat up to 15% of a person's body weight is considered normal; the level of lipoprotein density should not decrease less than 1.5 mmol / L. In this case, the body mass index should not be higher than 25, especially in the absence of an active lifestyle, physical activity.

Visceral fat has a "favorite" areas of excessive deposition in men and women, which is due to the anatomical features and physiological purpose of both sexes.

The peculiarities of the formation of excess fat in women depends not only on the anatomy, but also on the influence of certain factors (pregnancy, lactation, weight loss). Fat is usually found in the thighs, chest, and pelvic organs. The influence of internal deposits on a woman's health is colossal:

• hormonal disorders (inability to fully carry pregnancy and lactation);
• menstrual irregularities;
• ovarian obesity (decreased fertility);
• obesity of the calf muscles (due to the ability of visceral fat to be deposited evenly in women).

Obesity in women develops more slowly, gradually spreading throughout the body, including spreading to internal organs. The first symptoms in women develop brighter, more intense, rarely latent.

The rapidity of obesity in men is due to larger muscle structures. Fibers of soft tissues are located at some distance from each other and fat molecules are clogged into these peculiar depots. Localization of deposits in men is as follows:

• belly (protrudes in both lean and overweight men);
• shoulders and forearms (the result of a decrease in the level of estrogen hormones);
• obesity of the hepatic structures (disturbances in the work of corticosteroids);
• obesity of the pancreas (disruptions in hormonal balance).

Diagnostic measures are aimed at studying the possible causes of obesity in patients of any gender and age. Usually, only after the disclosure of a full picture of the disease is effective treatment possible. In idiopathic obesity (in the absence of objective reasons), treatment is prescribed according to the symptomatic picture.

Obesity in men and women in many clinical cases leads to the formation of persistent disorders in many organs and systems, up to the patient's disability. The main symptoms include:

• shortness of breath even with light exertion;
• difficulty breathing during sleep (sometimes there is a feeling of insufficient filling of the lungs);
• nausea, periodic vomiting (internal intoxication due to fatty liver);
• arterial hypertension (high blood pressure always coexists with excess weight, diseases of the heart, lungs, liver);
• phlebeurysm;
• infertility in men and women.

The appearance of atherosclerotic plaques, the risk of thrombosis, disorders of the epigastric and intestinal organs - all these mechanisms are involved in the pathological process of obesity. Complications of atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases can even cause death.

Regardless of the reason for the formation of excess clusters, therapeutic measures are aimed at eliminating symptomatic manifestations. With a burdened clinical history, a stable remission of chronic pathologies should be achieved, which can accelerate excess deposits. To achieve a therapeutic effect, it is necessary to quit smoking, streamline lifestyle, create a diet, sleep, and wakefulness. Sport or regular exercise is important. Against the background of existing diseases, multidirectional therapeutic gymnastics procedures, long walks in the fresh air are suitable. The main methods for eliminating excess weight include:

• proper nutrition;
• regular physical activity;
• physiotherapy (massages, warming up, heat wraps);
• drug correction for severe disorders;
• plastic surgery.

Meals should be complete, balanced, divided into several small portions per day. You can not lose weight on protein-free diets, because protein deficiency can play the opposite reaction: body weight will go away, and visceral deposits will remain in the same place and will significantly strengthen.

A special drug for treatment is Orlistat, which meets a person's needs for nutritional compounds without affecting the patient's mental health. In severe cases of obesity, especially in life-threatening conditions, surgical correction is performed. Surgery is performed in two main ways:

• gastric bypass surgery (artificial conditions to reduce fat absorption);
• sleeve gastrectomy (gastric volume reduction).

Metabolic disorders are the basis for the formation of visceral fat, therefore, it is so important to consult an endocrinologist, gynecologist (for women) and an andrologist-urologist (for men). The therapeutic tactics are made by a gastroenterologist, nutritionist and endocrinologist.

Visceral fat in the abdominal cavity forms an omentum or fatty sac, which protects the internal organs from damage and maintains the required temperature optimum. With the growth of the volume of visceral deposits, the organs are subjected to compression, provoking the formation of persistent functional disorders. Overweight treatment is very important for maintaining the health of internal organs, the normal functioning of all systems.

Timely therapy allows you to quickly get rid of the pathology. The later the treatment is started, the longer the fat removal process will take. The duration of therapy depends not only on its timeliness, but also on the patient's age, medical history and heredity. Medicine today allows you to achieve tangible results in a short time.

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Today, overweight for the majority of the population of our planet is problem number 1. Most often this is due to the constitution of the body. In most cases, this problem can be solved with two weapons - exercise and diet. But what if doctors diagnosed visceral obesity? We will discuss in today's article.

Obesity is not a simple problem, but a real disease that requires treatment with the participation of specialized doctors. Visceral obesity is more common in women than in the opposite sex. Although visceral obesity in men is a real scourge of our century.

Many people jokingly call their belly a bundle of nerves. And this has a scientific name - android obesity. The figure is shaped like an apple. If fat accumulates in the femoral-gluteal region, then we are talking about gynoid obesity.

In medical practice, several degrees of obesity are distinguished. To determine the degree, it is necessary to calculate the coefficient using a special formula.

What is visceral obesity? You will be surprised, but a person may not even be aware of the presence of this ailment, since his body weight does not change. We are talking about such a pathology when internal organs are overgrown with adipose tissue. They seem to be taken in a ring.

On a note! The liver and heart are the first to be targeted by visceral obesity.

The appearance of adipose tissue on the internal organs can cause both banal overeating and a sedentary lifestyle. If this is the only reason, the chances of success in treatment are great. But there are other reasons that need to be addressed. And in most cases, as practice shows, one cannot do without the help of a specialized doctor.

The reasons for the appearance of visceral fat include:

• genetic predisposition;
• hormonal imbalance;
• frequent drinking of beer;
• constant experience of stressful situations;
• psychosis;
• lack of physical activity;
• disturbances in the work of the endocrine system;
• binge eating;
• the presence of a large amount of fats and carbohydrates in the menu.

Please note that visceral obesity can result from taking a number of medications, including antidepressants.

As already mentioned, visceral obesity is not always accompanied by overweight, especially if the disease progresses against the background of another disease or dysfunction of organs of the human body.

The liver, heart muscle, kidneys and pancreas are the first to be hit. As the adipose tissue grows, the functioning of these organs is disrupted. Fat seems to pinch the vital organs in a ring.

Visceral obesity is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• shortness of breath;
• hypertension;
• swelling;
• diabetes mellitus;
• frigidity;
• impotence;
• lethargy;
• pathological weakness;
• uncontrolled appetite;
• rapid fatigue;
• pain in the right side of the peritoneum;
• violation of the heart rhythm;
• ischemia;
• bouts of nausea;
• depressive state.

If such symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a specialized doctor. Often, visceral obesity occurs against a background of hormonal imbalance. Most often this happens during menopause or gestation.

On a note! Without obvious signs of obesity, the presence of visceral fat can be diagnosed by computed tomography.

After a comprehensive examination and determination of an accurate diagnosis, the doctor and the patient begin to work together. The ultimate goal is to reduce body weight and improve well-being. If visceral fat appears as a result of banal overeating, then first of all, a diet is prescribed. With visceral obesity, the diet will be poor, but balanced.

Important! Depending on the initial fat mass, the diet can last for a couple of months to six months. After that, for another 6 months, the achieved result should be consolidated so as not to gain weight in the future.

It goes without saying that a specialist in each case individually develops a dietary ration. No favorite delicacies, fast food and other food that clogs our body. From now on, only healthy and proper nutrition.

If you want to eliminate just the internal fat that envelops the organs, you will have to reduce the amount of carbohydrates and fats consumed. And in general, the daily calorie content of food should be much less than the aggregate indicator of energy expended.

The process of losing weight is impeded by swelling. To normalize the withdrawal of fluid from the body, you will have to minimize the amount of salt you eat. Granulated sugar falls on the list of prohibited foods. It is better to replace this sweetness with a natural beekeeping product - honey.

On a note! Have fasting days once a week. So you can activate metabolic processes and fat burning with more power.

As medical practice shows, with a diet and regular exercise, the results will become noticeable after the first two weeks. In the future, excess weight will melt like snow under the spring sun.

But if conservative treatment was unsuccessful, doctors of a narrow profile prescribe medications, the action of which is aimed at blocking the absorption of fats. These include:

• "Glucophage";
• Orlistat.

Important! It is highly discouraged to take dietary supplements or alternative medicines that cause a false sense of fullness or suppress appetite. This must be agreed with the treating specialist.

It is extremely rare that visceral fat is treated with surgery. The patient may be shown an operation to reduce the stomach, install balloons that accumulate fat.

2 years ago

Today, overweight for the majority of the population of our planet is problem number 1. Most often this is due to the constitution of the body. In most cases, this problem can be solved with two weapons - exercise and diet. But what if doctors diagnosed visceral obesity? We will discuss in today's article.

Obesity is not a simple problem, but a real disease that requires treatment with the participation of specialized doctors. Visceral obesity is more common in women than in the opposite sex. Although visceral obesity in men is a real scourge of our century.

Many people jokingly call their belly a bundle of nerves. And this has a scientific name - android obesity. The figure is shaped like an apple. If fat accumulates in the femoral-gluteal region, then we are talking about gynoid obesity.

In medical practice, several degrees of obesity are distinguished. To determine the degree, it is necessary to calculate the coefficient using a special formula.

What is visceral obesity? You will be surprised, but a person may not even be aware of the presence of this ailment, since his body weight does not change. We are talking about such a pathology when internal organs are overgrown with adipose tissue. They seem to be taken in a ring.

On a note! The liver and heart are the first to be targeted by visceral obesity.

Looking for a reason

The appearance of adipose tissue on the internal organs can cause both banal overeating and a sedentary lifestyle. If this is the only reason, the chances of success in treatment are great. But there are other reasons that need to be addressed. And in most cases, as practice shows, one cannot do without the help of a specialized doctor.

The reasons for the appearance of visceral fat include:

• genetic predisposition;
• hormonal imbalance;
• frequent drinking of beer;
• constant experience of stressful situations;
• psychosis;
• lack of physical activity;
• disturbances in the work of the endocrine system;
• binge eating;
• the presence of a large amount of fats and carbohydrates in the menu.

Please note that visceral obesity can result from taking a number of medications, including antidepressants.

Body alarms

As already mentioned, visceral obesity is not always accompanied by overweight, especially if the disease progresses against the background of another disease or dysfunction of organs of the human body.

The liver, heart muscle, kidneys and pancreas are the first to be hit. As the adipose tissue grows, the functioning of these organs is disrupted. Fat seems to pinch the vital organs in a ring.

Visceral obesity is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• shortness of breath;
• hypertension;
• swelling;
• diabetes mellitus;
• frigidity;
• impotence;
• lethargy;
• pathological weakness;
• uncontrolled appetite;
• rapid fatigue;
• pain in the right side of the peritoneum;
• violation of the heart rhythm;
• ischemia;
• bouts of nausea;
• depressive state.

If such symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a specialized doctor. Often, visceral obesity occurs against a background of hormonal imbalance. Most often this happens during menopause or gestation.

On a note! Without obvious signs of obesity, the presence of visceral fat can be diagnosed by computed tomography.

After a comprehensive examination and determination of an accurate diagnosis, the doctor and the patient begin to work together. The ultimate goal is to reduce body weight and improve well-being. If visceral fat appears as a result of banal overeating, then first of all, a diet is prescribed. With visceral obesity, the diet will be poor, but balanced.

Important! Depending on the initial fat mass, the diet can last for a couple of months to six months. After that, for another 6 months, the achieved result should be consolidated so as not to gain weight in the future.

It goes without saying that a specialist in each case individually develops a dietary ration. No favorite delicacies, fast food and other food that clogs our body. From now on, only healthy and proper nutrition.

If you want to eliminate just the internal fat that envelops the organs, you will have to reduce the amount of carbohydrates and fats consumed. And in general, the daily calorie content of food should be much less than the aggregate indicator of energy expended.

The process of losing weight is impeded by swelling. To normalize the withdrawal of fluid from the body, you will have to minimize the amount of salt you eat. Granulated sugar falls on the list of prohibited foods. It is better to replace this sweetness with a natural beekeeping product - honey.

On a note! Have fasting days once a week. So you can activate metabolic processes and fat burning with more power.

As medical practice shows, with a diet and regular exercise, the results will become noticeable after the first two weeks. In the future, excess weight will melt like snow under the spring sun.

But if conservative treatment was unsuccessful, doctors of a narrow profile prescribe medications, the action of which is aimed at blocking the absorption of fats. These include:

• "Glucophage";
• Orlistat.

Important! It is highly discouraged to take dietary supplements or alternative medicines that cause a false sense of fullness or suppress appetite. This must be agreed with the treating specialist.

It is extremely rare that visceral fat is treated with surgery. The patient may be shown an operation to reduce the stomach, install balloons that accumulate fat.

OBESITY AND METABOLISM 1 "2004

literature review

Visceral obesity is a key link in metabolic syndrome

S.A. Butrov, F.Kh. Dzgoeva

State Institution Endocrinological Research Center (director - Acad. RAS and RAMS I.I.Dedov) RAMS, Moscow

The problem of obesity in combination with various metabolic disorders and / or diseases is at the center of attention of modern medical science and public health. The prevalence of obesity in the world is so great that it has become a global epidemic. With the spread of obesity around the planet, severe somatic diseases associated with it are multiplying and aggravating: type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), arterial hypertension (AH), coronary heart disease, cancer, etc., which reduce the quality of life and increase the mortality rate among the working-age population. According to WHO experts, from diseases associated with obesity, 320 thousand people die annually in Europe alone. The most significant medical consequences of obesity are type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the risk of their development is largely determined by the characteristics of the deposition of adipose tissue in the body.

For the first time, J. Vague drew attention to the problem of the relationship between the risk of diseases associated with obesity and the nature of the localization of adipose tissue in his works back in 1947. He identified two types of obesity based on the topography of adipose tissue - android and gynoid - and showed that patients with android obesity more often develop T2DM, AH and CVD. Further studies, based on generally accepted criteria for assessing the type of distribution of adipose tissue and indicators of the risk of developing concomitant diseases, proved that abdominal obesity is an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and blood coagulation, independent of the degree of obesity in general. Thus, the data of the Gothenburg study confirmed that the ratio of the circumference of the waist and hips (OT / O) is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke, as well as mortality from them; OT / R has a closer relationship with these

diseases than body mass index (BMI).

With the introduction of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into medical practice, the abdominal type of obesity was divided into two subtypes - abdominal-visceral and abdominal-subcutaneous. It turned out that it is abdominal-visceral obesity that is combined, as a rule, with an unfavorable metabolic profile. In the works of J.-P. Despres, B. Wajchenberg and many other researchers have shown that the visceral fat area in men is more than 130 cm2, and in pre- and postmenopausal women more than 110 cm2 indicates an increased risk of coronary heart disease. There was a clear correlation between the area of ​​visceral adipose tissue, determined by CT and MRI, and the RT index.

The dangerous threshold for the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue - 130 cm2 in persons of both sexes under 40 years old - corresponds to a waist circumference of more than 100 cm, and at the age of 4060 years - already from 90 cm. Studies by T. Han et al. , like other works based on comparing the total health risk with the waist circumference in abdominal-visceral obesity, confirmed by computed tomography, revealed that with an OT of 94-101 cm in men and 8087 cm in women there is an increased risk, and with still higher values ​​of OT - a high risk of developing CVD and T2DM. Y Matsuzava et al., Determining the topography of adipose tissue in the abdominal region using CT, showed that the accumulation of fat in the visceral depots, even at normal BMI values, is usually accompanied by metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances, and in 40% of patients with coronary heart disease of the heart, there is visceral obesity with normal body weight.

In recent decades, various hormonal and metabolic disorders and / or diseases associated with obesity have been considered in

complex, since almost each of them, being a risk factor for the development of CVD, in combination, many times increases the risk of developing macro-vascular atherosclerotic diseases. In 1988 G. Reaven described the so-called "syndrome X", combining arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, and for the first time suggested that insulin resistance (IR) and compensatory hyperinsulinemia (GI) could be the unifying basis of these disorders. In 1989, N. Kaplan described the "death quartet", including abdominal obesity among the most important components of the syndrome, along with hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and hypertriglyceridemia. In the 90s, metabolic disorders and diseases developing in obese individuals were united in the framework of the "metabolic syndrome".

The meaning of the introduction of this concept into scientific terminology is that it combined a complex of hormonal and metabolic disorders and diseases that significantly accelerate the development and progression of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, which, according to WHO experts, occupy the first place among the causes of mortality among the population of industrially developed countries of the world. Many modern researchers view metabolic syndrome as a prelude to diabetes.

With the development of the concept of metabolic syndrome, its scope has expanded, combining the following symptoms and manifestations:

Abdominal-visceral obesity,

Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia,

Dyslipidemia,

Arterial hypertension

Impaired glucose tolerance / type 2 diabetes mellitus,

Early atherosclerosis / ischemic heart disease,

Violations of hemostasis,

Hyperuricemia and gout

Microalbuminuria

Hyperandrogenism.

In recent years, many researchers have proposed to include liver steatosis and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome as components of the syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the general population is quite high. According to the NHANESIII study, conducted in the United States from 1988 to 1994 and covering almost 9,000 men and women, metabolic syndrome - according to the criteria of Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII), was diagnosed in 6.7% of patients in at the age of 2029 years, in 43.5% in the age group 60-69 years old and in 42% - from 70 years old and older. The specificity of the US population made it possible to identify in this study ethnic differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: it is more common in patients of Hispanic origin (32%) in comparison with other ethnic groups (20-24%).

In terms of population, NHANES III results showed that 24% of the population in the United States suffers from metabolic syndrome, which is about 47 million people.

The revealed ethnic characteristics of the predisposition to the development of metabolic syndrome confirm the role of genetic factors. At the same time, the increasing number of patients with this pathology in all regions of the planet can be regarded as a result of the interaction of the modern lifestyle and genotypic characteristics.

According to P. Zimmet, published in 2003, about a quarter of the population of Western Europe have impaired glucose tolerance or metabolic syndrome. The latter is most common in northern European countries. According to epidemiological studies carried out in Finland and Sweden, 10% of women and 15% of men have metabolic syndrome without disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism.

In Russia, according to the results of the WHO MONICA study, 40% of the unorganized population of Novosibirsk at the age of 25-64 years have 2 or more components of the metabolic syndrome with a predominance of its prevalence among women (the study used the definitions of this pathology developed by the WHO).

When studying the frequency of occurrence of metabolic syndrome among obese patients who applied to the ESC RAMS, it was revealed (according to the diagnostic criteria of ATPS) in 49%, and in the age group from 16 to 22 years old in 35% of patients.

For the first time, diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome were developed and formulated by a WHO working group. However, the criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome ATPIII, published in 2001 by a committee of experts of the National Cholesterol Education Program, are more consistent with the requirements of clinical practice (see table).

In the proposed definitions of metabolic syndrome, an independent place is assigned to visceral obesity. This is substantiated by the results of a number of large studies that have demonstrated a close relationship between abdominal-visceral obesity and a complex of hormonal and metabolic risk factors that form the basis of the study.

Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome

Risk factors Meaning

Abdominal obesity Waist circumference

Men> 102 cm

Women> 88 cm

Triglycerides> 3.95 mmol / L

Men< 1,1 ммоль/л

Women< 1,3 ммоль/л

BP> 130 /> 85 mm Hg. Art.

Fasting glycemia> 6.1 mmol / L

OBESITY AND METABOLISM 1 "2004

a decrease in the binding of insulin by hepatocytes and its degradation and the development of IR in the liver, inhibition of the suppressive effect of insulin on glucogenesis, as well as systemic hyperinsulinemia, which in turn contributes to the development of peripheral insulin resistance [8,9,30].

An independent effect of FFA on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis is also assumed.

Entering the systemic circulation, FFAs contribute to the disruption of glucose uptake and utilization in muscle tissue through the Randle cycle and, thus, enhance peripheral insulin resistance. Excessive content of FFA in the blood serves as a source of accumulation of triglycerides and products of non-oxidative metabolism of FFA in skeletal muscles, heart muscles and, accordingly, impaired insulin-dependent glucose utilization in these tissues. It has also been shown that FFA have a direct toxic effect on pancreatic β-cells (lipotoxicity effect).

Under conditions of insulin resistance and excess FFA, lipid metabolism is disturbed and atherogenic dyslipidemia develops. Due to a slowdown in the catabolism of triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, an increased accumulation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), there is an accumulation of cholesterol esters in macrophages, an increase in the level of modified low density lipoproteins (LDL), which have a high capacity for oxidation and penetration into the vascular subendothelial space. walls, high affinity for proteoglycans and reduced affinity for LDL receptors. All these properties contribute to the active inclusion of small dense particles of LDL in the process of atherogenesis.

Along with the violation of lipid metabolism in conditions of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, there is an increase in the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, collagen synthesis, which also contribute to the development of atherosclerotic vascular lesions.

Among adipokines secreted by adipose tissue and affecting the development of components of the metabolic syndrome, the most studied at present are leptin, tumor necrosis factor-a and adiponectin.

Leptin is a multifunctional adipose tissue hormone secreted by adipocytes in proportion to adipose tissue mass. The effect of leptin on the central nervous system, a number of neuroendocrine functions, the immune system, bone metabolism, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism has been proven (Fig. 1). The leading function of leptin, as shown by recent studies, is the protection of peripheral tissues from ectopic lipid accumulation. According to H. Unger and L. Orci, leptin is an antisteatogenic hormone and, like insulin, regulates glucose homeostasis and prevents the development of glucotoxicity, it regulates fatty acid homeostasis, preventing the development of lipotoxicosis. The effect of leptin on insulin resistance was

Absorption and metabolism of glucose

Leptin

- "Absorption of glucose,

Body fat and fat metabolism / Homeostasis

glucose tissue

Rice. 1. Effects of leptin.

trivial syndrome. The close relationship between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk factors allowed ATRS specialists to define metabolic syndrome as a set of metabolic complications of obesity. The key link that unites various disorders that develop in metabolic syndrome are primary insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia.

The pathogenesis of IR in visceral obesity is heterogeneous and is determined by the interaction of a number of factors: genetic, sexual, age, hormonal influences, conditions of intrauterine development, external influences, etc. Research results of recent years have shown that adipose tissue secretes a number of active molecules - adipokines that affect on food consumption, metabolic processes, the formation of oxidative stress and disorders of the cardiovascular system, i.e., having various local, peripheral and central effects. Many studies emphasize that in obesity, the development and progression of insulin resistance and its various manifestations may reflect the lipotoxic effects of free fatty acids and an imbalance of adipokines. Consequently, the adipose tissue itself, providing a large amount of FFA and cytokines in the bloodstream, is a key factor in the development of the main disorders and manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.

According to many researchers, the topographic and metabolic features of visceral adipose tissue are decisive in the development of insulin resistance and complications of obesity (portal theory).

With the predominant deposition of fat in the visceral region, the FFA released due to intensive lipolysis in large quantities enter the portal vein and liver. This leads to

revealed by studying metabolic parameters in leptine deficiency syndromes, which are accompanied by hyperphagia, obesity, hypercortisolemia and type 2 diabetes. The introduction of exogenous leptin contributed to the normalization of metabolic parameters regardless of the dynamics of body weight, which served as the basis for the conclusion about the independent role of leptin in the effect on insulinemia and insulin resistance.

A number of authors do not exclude the possible influence of leptin on insulin sensitivity through direct action at the level of peripheral tissues. In visceral obesity, the combination of increased plasma concentration of FFA, triglycerides, LDL, chylomicrons and peripheral leptin resistance developing against the background of hypercortisolemia leads to the deposition of fatty acids in the form of triglycerides in skeletal muscles, liver, heart muscle, pancreas. Excessive deposition of TG in organs is a potential source of intake of FFA in cells in an amount that significantly exceeds their oxidative requirements.

Normally, with an excessive intake of fatty acids into the tissues, the activity of FFA oxidation enzymes increases, and the unused energy is dissipated in the form of heat using acyl-CoA-reductase and UCP-2, that is, the system of the so-called compensatory FFA oxidation is activated. It is apparently enhanced by the FFAs themselves, which are ligands of PPAR-y, which increases the expression of enzymes at the final stages of this process. This system of compensatory oxidation requires the leptin system to function properly. With leptin resistance, compensatory oxidation of FFA does not occur; the non-oxidative pathway of their metabolism (peroxidation and formation of ceramides) is activated. The accumulation of unoxidized metabolites of free fatty acids and ceramides can stimulate the development of lipotoxic disorders, the end result of which are manifestations of metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, increased blood pressure (BP). When the action of leptin is impaired, there is also an increase in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids from glucose due to overexpression of a number of proteins involved in the process, and this synthesis occurs regardless of the concentration of FFA.

Under conditions of visceral obesity and leptin resistance, the effect of leptin on vascular calcification, the accumulation of cholesterol by macrophages, the initiation of oxidative stress, an increase in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system, and an increase in blood pressure are likely to increase. All these factors together reduce the compliance of the arteries with respect to atherosclerotic processes. Thus, in visceral obesity, impaired leptin action may be one of the leading factors in the development of insulin resistance, impaired β-cell function and atherogenesis.

Adiponectin

Oxidation

FFA oxidation | 3 Gpyukoza | TG |

Vascular h ¡

i inflammation

Insulin sensitivity t

Rice. 2. Estimated effects of adiponectin.

One of the unique products secreted by adipose tissue is adiponectin. However, unlike other adipokines, the secretion of which increases in proportion to the increase in adipose tissue mass, its level in obesity is lower than in people with normal body weight. The obtained experimental data demonstrated the inhibitory effect of adiponectin on the differentiation of pre-adipocytes, which confirms its possible effect on the regulation of body fat mass. TNF-a, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and PPARY are involved in the expression and secretion of adiponectin itself. Multicenter studies have shown that plasma adiponectin levels are inversely related to obesity, adipose tissue mass, OT / ABV, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance.

A decrease in the rate of adiponectinemia has a closer correlation with hyper-insulinemia and insulin resistance than with obesity in general and adipose tissue mass. A prospective study conducted among the Pima Indians found that low plasma adiponectin levels precede the onset of insulin resistance. The experiment has shown that adiponectin helps to reduce insulin resistance, stimulating the phosphorylation of tyrosine of the insulin receptor, and also reduces the intake of fatty acids in the liver and stimulates their oxidation by activating protein kinase, helping to reduce the production of glucose by the liver and the synthesis of VLDL triglycerides. In muscle tissue, adiponectin, like leptin, stimulates FFA oxidation, reduces intramyocellular lipid accumulation, and improves the sensitivity of muscle tissue to insulin (Fig. 2). It is possible that adiponectin stimulates FFA oxidation by expressing genes encoding CD36, acyl-CoA oxidase, and iCP-2, as well as by activating AMP-protein kinase.

OBESITY AND METABOLISM 1 "2004

OBESITY AND METABOLISM 1 "2004

As part of a prospective study of cancer and nutrition in Europe (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition), it was found that low adiponectin levels are independently correlated with an increased risk of developing T2DM in relatively healthy people. The results of scientific works have given the basis for many researchers to consider adiponectin as a marker of insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Clinical studies have also shown that low adiponectin levels are associated with an atherogenic lipid profile and high blood pressure. M. Matsubara et al. found that in women without disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, the concentration of adiponectin in the blood plasma has a clear negative correlation with the atherogenic index (TC / HDL cholesterol), the level of triglycerides and apolipoproteins B and E, as well as a positive correlation with HDL and apoprotein A-1.

K. Hotta et al. reported a pronounced negative correlation between the level of adiponectin with triglycerides and positive with HDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. properties. Hypoadiponectinemia, present in patients with metabolic syndrome, can contribute to the growth of atherosclerotic changes in them. The introduction of recombinant adiponectin to such patients leads to an increase in the inhibitory effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis. This effect is associated with a decrease in the expression of gluconeogenesis enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.

The discovered relationship between low levels of adiponectin, obesity, insulin resistance, IHD and dyslipidemia allows adiponectin to be considered as another marker of metabolic syndrome.

In the works of Japanese scientists, it was shown that adiponectin inhibits the adhesion of platelets to the endothelium, inhibits the transformation of macrophages into foam cells, inhibits the proliferation and migration of myocytes, the capture of LDL by the forming atherosclerotic plaque, inhibits the activity of myelomonocytes, macrophages, and reduces the production of phonocytes and phosphates. Moreover, adiponectin was found to have an inhibitory effect on growth factor-mediated proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the aorta.

Physiological concentrations of adiponectin suppress the expression of adhesive molecules. One of the most important antiatherogenic mechanisms of adiponectin action - suppression of monocyte adhesion to the endothelium - occurs due to a decrease in the activity of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (JTP-kV), blocking phosphorylation of its I-kB subunit. Moreover, adi-ponectin was found to have an inhibitory effect on growth factor-mediated proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the aorta. The listed protec-

Ny mechanisms of adiponectin in relation to the development of atherosclerosis are lost in obesity, especially in its abdominal-visceral subtype. In addition, visceral adipose tissue secretes a number of cytokines that suppress the action of adiponectin, the main of which is tumor necrosis factor-a.

Many publications have noted a positive correlation between the expression of TNF-a and the values ​​of RT / VB, BMI, systolic blood pressure, as well as a decrease in the expression of TNF-a and its concentration in the blood with a decrease in body weight. The mechanism of action of TNF-a on insulin sensitivity is to decrease the activity of the tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor and increase the phosphorylation of serine, a substrate of the insulin receptor, as well as inhibition of the expression of GLUT-4 in muscle and adipose tissue. TNF-a also inhibits adipocyte differentiation. It is believed that this cytokine has an auto- and paracrine effect and is most important for the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue. TNF-a can also contribute to the development of insulin resistance by stimulating lipolysis in adipocytes.

In obesity, TNF-a plays an important role in increasing the expression of the plasminogen activator-1 inhibitor (PAI-1), the production of leptin, interleukin-6, and a decrease in the expression and activity of adiponectin. TNF-a stimulates the activation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa B, which increases the production of NO - the basis of the inflammatory reaction in the vascular wall, intracellular adhesion of monocytes and the entire cascade of oxidative stress. One of the effects of JTP-kV is a violation of the insulin receptor signal and the development of insulin resistance.

It has been shown that the concentration of interleukin-6 increases in proportion to the increase in the mass of adipose tissue in the blood. The production of interleukin-6 by the adipose tissue of the omentum is 2-3 times higher than that of the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. Due to the specific location of the visceral adipose tissue, IL-6 secreted by it has the ability to directly affect metabolic processes in the liver by suppressing the sensitivity of the liver insulin receptors. This adipokine stimulates the formation of C-reactive protein, which is a marker of the inflammatory process of the vascular wall. IL-6 reduces the expression of lipoprotein lipase, exerting a local effect on the absorption of FFA by adipocytes, increases the production of triglycerides, which may be important for the development of hypertriglyceridemia in visceral obesity. This cytokine also has a direct stimulating effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-suprarenal system and has a positive correlation with insulin resistance, the development of T2DM and myocardial infarction. It has been established that in patients with abdominal obesity, the adipose tissue of the omentum is the main source of increased levels in the blood plasma.

gibitor of plasminogen activator-1. At normal body weight, IAP-1 synthesis occurs mainly in hepatocytes and endothelial cells, to a lesser extent in smooth muscle cells and platelets. IAP-1 is a serine protease inhibitor and the main regulator of the fibrinolytic system. It binds and inhibits tissue-type plasminogen activators and urokinase, which modulate endogenous fibrinolysis. As many authors testify, a high level of IAP-1 is an independent predictor of myocardial infarction in men with coronary artery disease. A number of prospective studies have shown a relationship between an increased level of PAI-1 and the risk of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, especially coronary thrombosis. In obesity, there is an increased expression of the IAP-1 gene and a clear positive correlation between the level of IAP-1 and the parameters of metabolic syndrome, especially between fasting glucose and insulin levels, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, visceral adipose tissue mass and BMI.

In 2001, a polypeptide, resistin, was isolated, which is secreted mainly by pre-adipocytes and, to a lesser extent, by mature adipocytes, mainly of abdominal localization. Experiments have shown that administration of recombinant resistin to non-obese mice leads to the development of insulin resistance, and administration of antiserum to resistin improves insulin sensitivity in obese animals with IR. According to experimental data, resistin neutralizes the inhibitory effect of insulin on glucose production by the liver and reduces glucose uptake by skeletal muscles, regardless of GLUT-4. However, the role of resistin in the mechanisms of IR development is not yet clear enough: there are works in which it was not possible to confirm its role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity. In addition, most of the known mechanisms of action of resistin were found in experiments with mice, and human resistin is similar in structure to mouse only by 59%.

It was found that adipose tissue is the second after the liver source of angiotensin secretion, and its expression is more pronounced in visceral than in subcutaneous adipocytes. Enzymes that convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and angiotensin II are also expressed in adipose tissue. Angiotensin II, produced by adipose tissue, accelerates the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes by stimulating the production of prostaglandin K. It is also assumed that the increased production of angiotensinogen through angiotensin II may be of importance in the mechanisms of arterial hypertension in obese patients. Angiotensin II is a proatherogenic protein that stimulates intracellular adhesion of molecules to the vascular wall, the formation of free radicals, and a violation of the integrity of the vascular wall. All these processes provoke endothelial dysfunction.

Almost all components of the metabolic syndrome are abdominal-visceral obesity,

Mechanisms of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis in obesity

(after Ch. Lyon, R. Law and W hsueh, 2003)

Insulin resistance

Metabolic syndrome

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Endothelial dysfunction

f Oxidative stress f Inflammatory response f Atherosclerosis

f f f Atherosclerosis

IR and GI, dyslipidemia, AH, NTG / CD-2, early atherosclerosis / ischemic heart disease, hemostasis disorders, hyperuricaemia and gout, microalbuminuria, hyperandrogenism

They are established risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, their combination greatly accelerates the development of CVD.

Recently, in connection with an in-depth study of the molecular mechanisms of the inflammatory reaction of the vascular wall in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaque formation, the influence of the transcriptional nuclear factor kappa B is of increasing interest. angiotensinogen II independently or indirectly stimulate the activation of JTP-kV, which provokes endothelial dysfunction, an inflammatory cascade of cytokines, the formation of oxidative stress of the vascular wall, leading to the formation of atherosclerotic changes and the development of insulin resistance. The only protective factor - adiponectin - in addition to reducing its amount and activity in visceral obesity, is suppressed by the action of a number of cytokines (see diagram).

Thus, the disorders accompanying visceral obesity are interconnected with each other like links in a "vicious circle", when an unfavorable change in one can lead to an aggravation of the other, and ultimately to the development of metabolic syndrome.

OBESITY AND METABOLISM 1 "2004

OBESITY AND METABOLISM 1 "2004

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In which fat is mainly deposited on the abdomen, it is more typical for men, since it is associated with a change in the level of the hormone testosterone. If the abdominal type of obesity develops in a woman, then this indicates a violation of her balance of male and female sex hormones. The danger of this is that the accumulation of fat occurs not only in the subcutaneous fatty tissue, but also in the abdominal cavity, more precisely, in the organs located in it, which disrupts the work, for example, of the liver and pancreas (in such situations, they talk about the development of a visceral type of obesity) ... According to statistics, every third inhabitant of the planet suffers from abdominal obesity, that is, at any time he can get diabetes.

Attention! The figure of a man suffering from abdominal obesity resembles an apple. The development of pathology is evidenced by a waist volume of more than 88 centimeters in women and more than 102 centimeters in men.

Causes of abdominal obesity

Abdominal and visceral obesity, as a rule, complement each other. Most often, their development is provoked by:

1. Disruption of the saturation center located in the hypothalamus. A person eats a lot, which means that he gets thousands of extra calories due to the constant feeling of hunger, which is formed by taste buds.
2. Psychogenic overeating. Anxiety, depression and stress make a person "seize" problems and thus increase the level of serotonin - a hormone that gives a good mood and psychological comfort.
3. Hereditary factors. The constitution of the body is most often inherited, so if the mother has an "apple" figure, then with a high probability the daughter's fat will be concentrated in the abdomen, causing abdominal visceral obesity.
4. Change in hormonal levels. As already mentioned, the deposition of fat on the abdomen is stimulated by the male hormone testosterone, so abdominal obesity is dangerous for women who not only have a growing belly, but there is also a threat of hirsutism, infertility and early menopause. Besides, Abdominal obesity can be caused by a lack of leptin- a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and responsible for the feeling of fullness.
5. Improper diet and lack of exercise... As a matter of fact, these factors provoke the development of obesity of any type, because the calories received, but not spent by the body, are converted into fat.

Why abdominal obesity is dangerous for men and women

Experts say that men and women suffering from abdominal obesity are at high risk of metabolic syndrome - a condition in which the body's cells do not properly interact with glucose, which leads to the development of diabetes. In addition, they have increased levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, including "bad" cholesterol. Lipoproteins, which have a low density, are deposited in large quantities on the walls of blood vessels, narrowing their lumen and obstructing blood flow - thus, ideal conditions are created for the development of a stroke or myocardial infarction.

• abdominal obesity in women accompanied by the production of a large number of male sex hormones, which manifests itself in menstrual irregularities and male-pattern hair growth.
• abdominal and visceral obesity in men characterized by a decrease in sexual activity.

Abdominal obesity treatment

In both women and men, abdominal (synonym: android) obesity is considered the most "stubborn", since the "beer" belly, "life buoy" at the waist and fat deposits on the chest are difficult to correct, they cannot be removed by regular diets and exercises. Even modern cosmetic techniques do not always cope with belly fat. Though, diet, exercise and applied comprehensively within the framework of an individual weight loss program, give a good result- a person, albeit slowly, but still gets rid of visceral and abdominal obesity.

Those who want to get rid of belly fat should adhere to the following rules in their diet:

• exclude appetite-stimulating alcohol, including beer, from the diet;
• switch to fractional meals - eat 5-6 times a day, consuming no more than 250 grams of food at a time;
• have dinner three to four hours before bedtime;
• exclude confectionery, sugary drinks, sauces, fried and smoked foods, trans fats (margarines and spreads) from the diet;
• limit fats and carbohydrates, but be sure to include vegetable oil, cereals and grain bread in the diet - this is necessary for the normal functioning of the pancreas and gallbladder;
• count calories - there are food calorie tables on the Internet;
• drink more than two liters of water a day, as water fills the stomach and slightly dulls the feeling of hunger.

As for sports exercises, then with abdominal obesity, aerobic rather than strength exercises are preferred, for example, walking, jogging, cycling. From salon cosmetology procedures, experts recommend seaweed wraps, myostimulation, vacuum massage, contrast baths and Charcot douches.

Attention! If diagnosed obesityIII or IV degree, and even weighed down by a "bouquet" of chronic diseases (morbid obesity), the most effective are , such as gastric banding, intragastric balloon placement, gastric bypass and gastroplasty.

Video: what is the danger of visceral fat

There are different types in the body fat... Each type has its own principles of formation, accumulation and combustion. Get rid of the visceral fat sometimes it is very difficult. Diets don't do any good, and exercise doesn't work. The thing is that the fight against visceral fat must be approached in a comprehensive manner.

Instructions

This type

fat, v

from the subcutaneous, located in the space around the internal organs - near the pancreas,

etc. On the one hand, it protects the internal organs from harmful substances. On the other hand, such a fatty layer makes organ tissues less sensitive to insulin, which can cause not only diabetes mellitus, but also lead to other diseases.

Start by cleansing your colon and liver. In the intestines, harmful substances accumulate, from which the body protects the internal organs with a layer

fat... Which of the cleansing methods you choose is up to you: enemas, pharmaceutical preparations or special herbal preparations. Cleansing the intestines will not only help to remove waste products, but also have a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin. When cleansing, remember that you should not abuse such procedures, since together with unnecessary substances, it is washed out from the body and

useful

microflora.

Drink plenty of fluids. Be sure to drink at least one and a half liters of clean non-carbonated water a day, do not think that drinks on water - tea or coffee - are capable

replace

her. This will provide additional elimination of toxins from the body and improve kidney health.

Get some rest, do not be nervous, avoid stress, sleep the prescribed number of hours. Overwork and excessive mental stress contribute to weight gain and fat accumulation. When the body senses that its conditions of existence are deteriorating, it sends a signal to the brain

prepare

to hard times, therefore, to stock up on excess fat, which can be used for energy in "hard days".

Eat

right

Balance the amount and quality of fats, proteins and carbohydrates consumed. The fats found in olive oil, egg yolk, avocados and nuts are perfect for these purposes. Source

Accelerating the metabolism, dairy products with a reduced content can become

fat, legumes, dietary meat. It is better (and more enjoyable) to get carbohydrates from fresh fruits, berries and vegetables. Diets are also stressful for the body. Instead of starving yourself, make sure your body is getting enough wholesome food so that you don't feel "deprived".

Engage

Fight visceral fat in a specific area of ​​the body, such as

It doesn't make sense - fat goes away when the whole body loses weight. Choose a program that suits you at the moment, and over time you can increase the load. During training, muscles are strengthened, although at first this is not visible under the layer

fat... But when you

throw off

excess weight, muscle condition will certainly please you. Breathe correctly during exercise. Oxygen contributes to the proper functioning of the body's cells. The most famous program that allows you to combine exercise and proper breathing is bodyflex.

note

Internal fat is found in the abdominal region where the internal organs are located. Internal fat is the cause of metabolic syndrome because the liver, kidneys and stomach become covered with fat. Research shows that this combination of diet and exercise is one of the best ways to lose body fat.

Helpful advice

Why is belly fat especially dangerous? Most of the fatty tissue in the abdomen is visceral fat. This means that fat fills the space between the internal organs, which are located inside the abdomen. In fact, in this way we cannot target fat loss in a specific area of ​​the body, although these exercises do strengthen the abdominal and core muscles.

Sources:

• how to get rid of internal fat

Or visceral, fat is found in a person's abdominal cavity. Excess visceral fat leads to impaired blood supply to internal organs, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Instructions

Internal fat is broken down faster than subcutaneous fat, and

get rid of

it's easier from him. However, this problem requires an integrated approach - proper nutrition and sufficient physical activity. Don't try

lose weight

swiftly - it is better to lose 300-400 g steadily per week, it is easier and more reliable. By using

Calculator calculate the daily amount of calories, which will lead to gradual weight loss.

Limit foods containing simple carbohydrates in your diet - sugar, honey, premium white flour, etc. They

break down and saturate the body with energy, but their excess is stored in reserve in the form of fat cells. In the total amount of carbohydrates received by the body, the proportion of simple carbohydrates should not exceed 30%.

Complex carbohydrates necessary for building body cells are found in wholemeal flour, bran and whole grain products, cereals, especially buckwheat and oatmeal, vegetables and fruits, and spinach. These foods are slowly absorbed by the body. They are best consumed in the morning to

spent on active work.

Eat low-fat dairy products, boiled eggs, mushrooms, and lean meat - beef, rabbit, turkey, chicken breasts as a source of protein. Nuts are very useful - they contain not only proteins, but also necessary

for the body

fats. Of course, you need to use them in moderation, checking the calorie table. The source of polyunsaturated acids Omega-3 and Omega-6 are vegetable oils - sunflower,

Olive. Season salads with them, giving up mayonnaise and fatty sour cream. Drink at least 1.5 liters of fluid a day - losing weight due to dehydration can be serious problems for

health

Go in for sports. If your weight is significantly higher than normal, increase your physical activity gradually so as not to damage the cardiovascular system and joints. Running or jumping will be contraindicated for you. Start with brisk walking, cycling, gradually ditch the elevator, and go swimming if possible. Abs will not help you shed internal fat, but it will strengthen your muscles.

Get enough sleep, avoid overwork. Stress slows down the breakdown of internal fat. a tired body suggests a further deterioration in conditions and postpones

interior

Sources:

• Calorie Counter 2018

How to get rid of visceral fat

estimates, average:

We are used to thinking that excess weight is something that visually spoils our appearance, changes shape, and increases volumes. But in this fight we have an "invisible enemy", it has nothing to do with the big sides, folds at the waist and "ears" on the hips. We are talking about visceral fat - a sure sign of obesity. How does it differ from subcutaneous, what is its danger and how to deal with it? Let's figure it out.

Visceral fat is a layer of fat that covers the abdominal organs. This fat cannot be seen, unless there is too much of it - in this case, the person's belly sticks out strongly, although it may not have a large subcutaneous layer.

Visceral fat is an important part of organ protection and contingency insurance, but it is the norm should not exceed 15% of the total mass of fat cells in the body... The greater the amount of visceral fat, the more it is deposited on the anterior abdominal wall, and the larger the volume of the abdomen and waist becomes. Its gradual accumulation as a result can lead to severe obesity.

In slim people, the weight of visceral fat reaches about 3 kilograms, and the accumulation of obese people in this area of ​​the body can reach 20-30 kilograms, so it is so important to start fighting excess right now.

The causes of visceral fat deposits:

• type of body structure;
• genetic predisposition;
• sedentary lifestyle, sedentary work;
• improper diet - fatty foods, alcohol, sweets in large quantities.

Internal fat is very difficult to get rid of. What is its peculiarity? The fact is that it is located in the serous membrane behind the first layer of subcutaneous fat and abdominal muscles. To get to it, you first need to get rid of subcutaneous fat.... And after that, the situation is still complicated by the muscles that make it difficult to burn. It is so difficult to deal with these deposits that doctors have not yet found a way to get rid of them surgically.

An excess of internal fat is fraught not only with aesthetic problems, such as a wide waist or "beer belly". The real danger lies in the consequences of the accumulation of visceral deposits: they slow down blood circulation and lymph outflow due to the gradual squeezing of organs, moreover, they can impair the work of the most important organs, and negatively affect the secretion of hormones.

Which organs are enveloped by visceral fat:

• intestines;
• liver;
• kidneys;
• gallbladder;
• genitals;
• colon and small intestine.

Since internal body fat can affect vital organs, the consequences of obesity can be dire.

Internal fat can cause the following diseases:

• phlebeurysm;
• heart disease - up to a heart attack and stroke;
• oncology;
• decrease in potency;
• kidney and liver diseases;
• diabetes;
• hormonal imbalance.

This type of fat is an indispensable part of our body, there is nothing without it. Visceral accumulations have useful and important functions of their own. You just need to make sure that its amount does not exceed the norm.

The presence of internal fat in the body is determined based on body mass index. You can learn more about this in our article. How to calculate body mass index for women and men.

You can also roughly determine the possible deviations from the norm if measure your waist at the level of the navel, without drawing in the abdomen. For women, the norm is no higher than 88 cm, for men - 94 cm.

Another indicator of the norm can be waist-to-hip ratio... To do this, you need to measure the waist and hips, and then divide the T indicators by B. For women, the norm is 0.88, for men - no higher than 0.95.

You can remove visceral fat with a moderate diet. It is not recommended to go on rigid diets. Any strict diet leads to breakdowns and even more weight gain, especially if there is no endurance and willpower in stock.

You need to approach healthy weight loss from the other side: for a start, study your diet, writing down everything you eat for two weeks, including snacks, analyze the information, and gradually remove unhealthy foods from the diet, replacing them with useful ones. This can take a month or a month and a half. There is no need to rush, in this matter, it is not the speed of losing weight that is important, but getting used to a healthy lifestyle. Doctors also advise drinking more water.

You cannot remove fat from organs with a single diet. For health will have to do regular physical activity. They will not only help keep the body in good shape, their goal is to help spend more energy from fat stores.

It will be easier and faster to get rid of visceral fat if it is added to dietary adjustments doing sports:

• Cardio - running, jumping rope, cycling, etc.;
• Aerobics, dancing;
• Power loads;
• Yoga. It has special exercises for the abdomen.

It is important not to choose one of the above, but to alternate.

You can get rid of visceral belly fat at home using a set of exercises for all muscle groups. You should not work only one press, you need to expend as much energy as possible, and for this you need to work with your whole body.

How to get rid of visceral fat with exercise at home?

First and foremost, remember to always do warm-up- running on the spot; jumping rope or without; warming up the joints: circular movements with the knees, then the hips, circular movements with the hands.

The main part of the lesson to combat visceral deposits will consist of alternating cardio loads, abdominal exercises and simple strength movements. It is better to make a system of three circles, each of which will include 3 minutes of cardio, 2 minutes of abdominal exercises, 4 minutes of strength training.

Visceral Fat Burner Cardio: X-jumps; jumping rope; kickboxing kicks; jogging in place with an overlap of the lower leg.

Abs exercises to combat visceral deposits: twisting on straight, oblique, upper and lower abdominal muscles, exercise Bicycle, swing legs lying on your back.

Strength exercises: lunges forward with lifting weights above the head; push-ups from the knees; squats with lifting weights in front of you; bench press of weights in front of you from a prone position.

Cool down or stretch: stretching exercises for the legs, arms, back muscles and abs can be borrowed from yoga practice.

You can add all new exercises to each circle, or alternate all at once in one circle. The minimum number of repetitions of one exercise is 10 times.

For strength training, you may need two small dumbbells, if necessary, you can replace them with two 1.5-liter bottles of water or sand.

As an additional blow to visceral deposits, you can do the Vacuum exercise... It tones and strengthens the anterior abdominal wall by directly affecting the visceral fat deposits.

To do this, in the morning, before the first meal and the first glass of water, you need to lie on the floor, hands can be placed on the stomach or along the body. Bend your knees, rest your feet on the floor, head and back lie on the floor. You should take a deep breath and exhale several times. For the sixth time you need inhale and exhale all the air until the feeling of emptiness in the stomach, pull in the stomach as if under the ribs and press it into the spine with the muscles. You need to hold your breath. When pulling in, your shoulders and back will come off the floor a little - this is normal. Stay in this position for as long as possible, exhale and return to the starting position. Repeat Vacuum 5-7 times.

Read also: The most effective lateral and abdominal exercises

How to remove visceral belly fat in women? It is possible to get rid of visceral fat at home if you develop a program correctly and have patience.

Immediately you need to understand that you can remove visceral fat on the abdomen with food restrictions, but not hunger strikes! It is only necessary to limit the consumption of fatty foods. The body for its functioning will begin to take the necessary elements from its reserves, and this, as you know, is the most natural way to lose weight.

The next step for women looking to shed excess visceral fat is choose the most suitable physical activities.

Active physical activity will help to remove visceral fat on the abdomen:

• Aerobics, cardio- help to start metabolism and heart function. They affect the improvement of the general condition of the body, which, with proper metabolism, will help to process accumulations faster. With a lot of weight (over 80 kg), running and jumping rope are dangerous - for the veins in the legs and the heart, which is already overloaded. You need to fight excess visceral fat with nutritional adjustments, and then connect sports. Exercise Vacuum, which is described above, must also be performed;
• Power loads- Exercises for the press help with local disposal of deposits. It must be remembered that the goal is to first remove the first subcutaneous layer of sebum.
  Therefore, it is so important to combine the two types of loads.

How to remove visceral fat from the abdomen in men? The good news is that men start losing weight faster than women. This is because training their muscles requires more energy, which is why complex effects are so important. Men build a program to combat internal fat deposits according to the principle:

• proper nutrition;
• sports loads - cardio, aerobics, strength exercises, vacuum.

Workouts in order to remove visceral fat, it is better to do mixed, and alternate cardio loads with strength. If we talk about home conditions, and not working out in the gym, then you can:

1. run 1-4 laps around the stadium;
2. do a series of pull-ups, in two approaches;
3. a series of jumps without a rope;
4. a series of push-ups, in two sets;
5. a series of X-jumps;
6. a series of side and straight crunches on the press in the hanging on the crossbar;
7. run one lap around the stadium.

This is a challenging exercise program for overweight men, so you can start with a small number of reps, such as 8-10. When the body gets used to the loads, it is imperative to increase them, otherwise the process of losing weight will stop.

It is important to remember that if you go back to your old way of life, you will be back where you started. A healthy lifestyle should be the norm, especially for those who have a predisposition to the accumulation of visceral fat.

It is possible to remove visceral fat with a diet, but the diet should be as complete as possible to insure yourself against possible disruptions and health problems. How to reconsider your diet for losing weight in the abdomen and what should you pay special attention to when drawing up a menu?

The following foods affect the increase in visceral fat in the body and its deposition:

• Trans fats. They are found in mayonnaise, commercial baked goods, smoked meats and sausages, margarine, butter;
• Sweets, chocolate - they can be replaced with honey - no more than 1 tsp. per day, marshmallows, marmalade - 1-2 pcs. in a day. Sweets can only be done in the morning until 12 o'clock, exclude sugar;
• Salt, pickles - retain moisture in the body. They do not affect deposits, but if they are abused, you will be swollen;
• Products with monosodium glutamate. Increase appetite;
• Alcohol - increases appetite and calories;
• Bread, baked goods - should be replaced with whole grain bread;
• Sweet fruits - limit and only in the morning, figs are prohibited;
• Sweet carbonated drinks, packaged juices.

Spices are useful. Spicy - accelerate blood and metabolism, cinnamon - excellently accelerates metabolism, which helps to process and remove accumulated fat. It can be added to coffee, drink tea with ginger and cinnamon, drink kefir with 1 tsp at night. cinnamon - tasty and healthy.

You can choose a diet from a rich variety, the main thing is to adequately assess your strengths, and not take risks. It is better in the fight against visceral fat to start with a simple cut of unhealthy foods, and then switch to a certain regimen. It is also worth keeping an eye on your daily routine. Don't forget or skip meals. There should be 5-6 of them, along with snacks. Portions should be small, but full of all the essential elements. This is the only way to help yourself to remove visceral fat.

If you have a strong desire to eat a harmful product, allow yourself to do this once a week, always in the morning. After that, during the day, you should pay attention to training so as not to disrupt the correct routine, and not to allow visceral and subcutaneous fat to be deposited.

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Visceral obesity is the scourge of modern urban civilization. And it's not just that the fat belt around the waist looks unaesthetic. Visceral abdominal fat is nothing more than a ticking time bomb wrapped around the belly. Visceral obesity leads to the accumulation of fatty acids in the pancreas, heart, liver and other organs. Visceral belly fat in women and men interferes with the proper functioning of organs, causes maladjustment of insulin, and even leads to heart attacks. Below are some simple but effective recommendations on how to remove visceral belly fat at home.

54% of men and 59% of women in our country over the age of 20 are overweight. And the older we are, the more difficult it is to lose those extra pounds. Losing belly fat is especially difficult. At the cost of a lot of effort, fat still leaves the thighs, buttocks, arms ... But belly fat often stubbornly resists both a low-calorie diet and aerobic exercise. Women over 40 know this especially well. Why?

What will be discussed below:

What is the danger of visceral belly fat in women and men?

4 essential steps to remove visceral fat

Visceral Fat Diet

Fat in the abdomen is called visceral fat. Unlike subcutaneous, it is located inside the body - around the internal organs and walls of blood vessels. Our organs are essentially wrapped in it. Visceral fat ensures the correct position of the organs in the abdominal cavity. In a small amount, this layer is necessary, it protects organs from damage during falls, impacts and sudden movements. But with visceral obesity, when this layer is above the norm, when there is too much visceral fat on the abdomen of women and men, it begins to squeeze the organs, in fact, stifle them. For example, when he compresses his lungs, it leads to shortness of breath even at rest.

Visceral belly fat in women and men poses many other health risks. The most dangerous thing, perhaps, is its ability to easily interfere with the regulation of hormonal levels in humans. Subcutaneous fat, by the way, is less insidious in this regard.

How does this ability of fat around the waist to interfere with the regulation of metabolic and hormonal processes in the body turn out for us? Let's name the most noticeable.

Visceral belly fat in men reduces testosterone levels and converts male sex hormones to female sex hormones, reduces erection and can lead to impotence.

The situation is no better for women. In the visceral belly fat in women, estrogen is produced. This increases the overall level of estrogen in the body, which leads to suppression of ovarian function and menstrual irregularities. Worse, by affecting metabolism, visceral belly fat in women provokes the emergence and growth of various estrogen-dependent tumors, including malignant ones. In particular, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and bowel cancer are associated with estrogen metabolism.

Visceral belly fat in women and men even affects mood - it causes fatigue, malaise and depression.

How do you know if you have a healthy amount of visceral belly fat or already excess? The simplest thing is to measure your waist. You need to know that the maximum waist, which is permissible for a woman is 80 cm, for a man - 94 cm. If more, it's time to sound the alarm. This means that visceral fat has already become a hormonal organ. It already produces a mass of biologically active substances that provoke the development of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, leads to metabolic syndrome and this is only the beginning of his destructive activity.

At first, you need to see an endocrinologist... Get tested for hormones. Check the level of glucose, cholesterol, thyroid hormones. There is another insidious hormone, insulin, which also stores fat in the waist area. By measuring insulin in the morning on an empty stomach, you can find out what level of insulin you went to sleep with. Nocturnal hyperinsulinemia can just contribute to increased synthesis of fats, even if the total calorie content of food is reduced during the day.

If, on the basis of tests, a person is diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance, then the doctor may prescribe medications for him, for example, metformin, which increases the sensitivity of tissues to insulin and reduces its amount.

Secondly, get yourself enough sleep at night... Hormones that work at night just contribute to the normalization of even disturbed metabolism. Statistically, people who sleep less than 6 hours a night have higher levels of visceral fat.

Thirdly, you still have to do physical education. Yoga and brisk walking are a wonderful, effective mix. V groups of wellness yoga and exercise therapy SmartYoga we use special modes of exercise that contribute not only to weight loss, but also to restore hormonal balance in the body.

In the process of yoga practice, many asanas and exercises can be accompanied by breathing. Kapalabhati... This is an energetic, invigorating breathing technique that will help you get rid of visceral belly fat as well. Do not forget to hold Moola bandhu, especially if you do Kapalabhati in Shalabhasana and similar poses.

Attention: if you have an overestimated tone of the sympathetic part of the nervous system, Kapalabhati, most likely, will not suit you, you need to look for other approaches.

Accept that a hypocaloric diet cannot be avoided... However, a diet of visceral fat does not require radical changes in nutrition, it is enough to subtract 500 kcal from that version of your daily diet on which you do not get fat. This will allow you to lose 3-4 kg in a month.

Check if your body is getting all the vitamins it needs... A lack of any vitamin will inevitably make you want to eat something else. But if most of the food is refined, a person will never find the vitamins he needs, and the calorie content of the diet will only increase. Therefore, taking complex vitamins becomes an important aid in the fight against visceral fat.

Pay special attention to vitamin D. Researchers at the University of Minnesota report a relationship between vitamin D and weight loss. Weight loss occurred among people who were on a balanced diet, that is, they maintained a reasonable ratio of protein, fat and carbohydrates, and at the same time had high levels of vitamin D. So add to your diet from visceral fat ... sunbathing, because ultraviolet radiation is healthy a source of vitamin D. To get rid of visceral belly fat in women and men, you should regularly spend time outdoors without sunscreen (not at noon, of course).

The Right Drinks Are An Important Part Of A Visceral Fat Diet... In particular, green tea can help to get rid of visceral belly fat in women and men.

In general, green tea is extremely useful: it is important in the prevention of cancer, helps prevent senile dementia, fights free radicals and does many other useful things when it gets into our body. In 2009, a related study found that drinking green tea aids weight loss and visceral fat loss. Green tea polyphenols, including epigallocatechin gallate, affect the metabolism of visceral adipose tissue, accelerating its breakdown and utilization into muscle tissue.

You need to drink at least 3 cups of green tea a day, and preferably more (up to eight is acceptable). And to speed up the process of losing weight, drink 1.5-2 liters of pure water every day.

Despite a low-calorie diet, completely limiting yourself in fat is unhealthy and even harmful. First, don't forget about the sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids when composing your diet. Second, try using coconut oil in your home cooking. Although coconut oil had a bad reputation for being high in saturated fat in the 1970s, research in recent years has shown that coconut oil can help reduce abdominal fat.

In one such study, one group of women took 2 tablespoons of coconut oil daily for 12 weeks and another did not. In women from the first group, the waist size decreased, the level of "good" HDL cholesterol increased. So feel free to include coconut oil in your visceral fat diet!

And of course, study the ingredients found in purchased food, avoid plastic containers and utensils... Many of the additives used in food production contribute to weight gain. Research has shown that particular attention should be paid to fructose, bisphenol A and monosodium glutamate in the context of visceral belly fat loss.

Be alert, healthy and fit! And join our groups of wellness yoga and exercise therapy SmartYoga.

Women have always wanted and strived to get rid of fat deposits in different parts of the body, because they have a mechanism to please the opposite sex, to be beautiful and attractive. The second reason is of course health.

Excess fat in our body also contributes to the deterioration of human health. That is why it is necessary to figure out what to do so as not to accumulate it, and if it already exists, then how to get rid of visceral fat once and for all.

It must be understood that subcutaneous fat deposits do not pose a serious danger to the human body. Visceral fat, on the other hand, is very dangerous. can be the source of many health problems.

Fat deposits of the body around the internal organs, this is the internal visceral fat, located in the abdominal cavity under the abdominal muscles.

It accumulates gradually, along with subcutaneous fat, not just like that, but from stress and overeating (as a result of stress).

It is impossible to get rid of it locally! Because the body loses weight everywhere at the same time, along with subcutaneous fat deposits.

Being normal in the human body, it has several advantages:

• Protects internal organs from external mechanical damage;

• Maintains the required temperature regime;

• This type of fat is used by the body in the same way as subcutaneous fat - energy is extracted from it to support the life of the body.

It is worth noting that visceral (internal) fat is present in all people, as well as subcutaneous fat, and this is normal. But its excess amount is already abnormal and threatens really very serious consequences for your health, namely:

• The work of the liver, intestines, heart and other internal organs is disrupted.
• The body begins to react poorly to insulin because insulin sensitivity is significantly reduced and a number of biochemical processes in the body are triggered. And this is already very, very serious. Because the risk of developing such diseases as type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischemic diseases, cancer, kidney failure, etc., increases.
• Increased blood pressure. How it happens: internal visceral fat releases fatty acids into the body, the liver converts it into a serious poison for the body called "low density lipoproteins", popularly called "bad cholesterol", which is harmful to our vessels and not only. This can lead to a start when cholesterol plaques begin to form, which entails atherosclerosis. This can then lead to increased blood pressure and cardiovascular problems.
• Internal fat affects hormones, the pancreas is overloaded ... in general, nothing good.

There are two types of shapes - an apple and a pear, which need to remove internal fat, especially the "apple". Because in "pears" deposits are mostly located in the thighs, and in "apples" - mainly in the abdomen. And in order to become slimmer, you need to get rid of incipient obesity.

How to determine if there is excess internal fat on the abdomen and waist in women and men? This can be seen by eye - the presence of a large abdomen, sides, swollen waist, the presence of the so-called "life buoy".

In women, the volume of the tummy should not exceed 90 cm.

For men, it should not exceed 100 cm.

Everything that exceeds the above volumes tends to the fact that both subcutaneous and internal visceral fat accumulate around the internal organs and you are already at risk.

In other words, a big belly indicates that there are disorders in the body and this is the first step towards wilting, aging and health problems. At the initial stages, all this can be adjusted with nutrition and supplemented with movements!

It's time to think about what quality and in what quantity, how often we eat, think about the health of our body, as well as about physical activity and optimization of our entire lifestyle.

After all, life does not stand still, it is alive, every moment changes, moves, but does not freeze in any way!

So our body, either we help it to live and be healthy as long as possible, or swimming in fat begins to fade, grow old, groan. The choice is yours!

A diet is a restriction, a ban on certain types of foods. Diet can cause internal resistance in a woman, which will only prevent the removal of fat from the body.

The way out is to give up diets! And do exactly that to organize your meals in a different way.

In the diet, be sure to add foods containing B-carnitine, i.e. it is necessary to add meat, dairy products, eggs to the diet - in one word, protein. And a lot of fiber and water. Or there are B-carnitine supplements.

You do not need to eat low-fat foods, because calcium and protein are not absorbed. Choose dairy products with a minimum fat percentage of 1 to 2.5%.

Let's dispel another misconception.

You don't need to pump the press! Because in this case, it will make you even larger in the volume of the abdomen, even more square in the waist and will not solve the problem of removing what needs to be removed.

First, we readjust to frequent meals, drinking water, and after losing weight, we move on to physical exercise and the formation of a beautiful tummy with the help of the right exercises.

If you do not have obvious disorders of the endocrine system, then the visceral internal fat will go away along with subcutaneous fat with a decrease in caloric intake and an increase in the body's energy consumption.

And for this you will have to consciously change your eating habits. It is difficult to do this, but it is necessary. In the end, a new eating habit will be formed in at least 21 days and then you need to consciously support yourself.

To get rid of visceral belly fat, you need three components:

• Review your diet

• Drink plenty of water, often, in small sips, all the time, and not in glasses at a time

• Engage in sports activities that you enjoy and can do.

For overweight people in the abdomen and thighs, exercise is effective and should be done, but nutritional optimization still plays a huge role.

Optimizing your diet consists of the following stages:

• Eat in small portions, the size of two palms without a slide, but more often (5-6 times a day).

• Remove all trans fats from your diet.

• Reduce saturated fat as much as possible, i.e. animal fats (lard, fatty meat and fatty fish). It is saturated fats that we need, but in very small quantities, but their excess will surely be deposited in visceral and subcutaneous fat.

• Add plenty of fiber and protein.

• Remove simple carbohydrates from the diet as much as possible and replace them with complex ones.

• Add plant-based natural "living" oils to your diet.

• Avoid feeling hungry, as this leads to even more visceral fat accumulation. This will also help a balanced diet in small portions and non-high-calorie foods.

• Be sure to drink water, often, in small sips, evenly throughout the day.

• Try not to get nervous, avoid stress, learn to respond calmly, and rest and relax your body to relieve stress.

• Make a dinner with vegetables (no potatoes) and protein!

• Don't starve or overeat! The body needs fractional and preferably separate meals 5-6 times a day.

Methods and basic principles of how to remove subcutaneous and visceral fats from the body, how to lose weight, become slimmer have long been known, and they are universal.

Getting rid of these unwanted deposits is not easy, but realistic and possible. The most important rule: eat less, but more often, combine foods correctly with each other and move more actively in accessible ways according to your health condition and age.

Read also: my real photos BEFORE and AFTER losing weight, as well as the results!