Western Siberia: a brief physical and geographical overview. Climate and inland waters of Western Siberia

Climate of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The climate of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is arctic and subarctic. The climate formation is strongly influenced by the location of the district, a small amount of solar radiation, a large distance from warm air and water flows, gentle flat terrain, bays cutting deeply into the land, permafrost, the cold waters of the Kara Sea, a large number of rivers and many swamps. The Asian continent has no less influence; this is manifested in well-defined winter-summer features of the transformation of air masses and an increase in continental climate from northwest to east. Long winters, short cool summers, strong winds, insignificant snow cover - all this contributes to the freezing of the soil to a great depth. In general, the district is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Frequently magnetic storms accompanied by aurora. Average annual temperature air temperature is negative, and in the Far North it is below -10 degrees.

Cheap flights to Salekhard

The territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug occupies a huge territory, in comparison, it is approximately one and a half territories of France. Most of the territory lies on the West Siberian Plain, with its powerful rivers and impassable swamps, a smaller part is located on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains. Almost 90% of the low-plain part lies within altitudes of up to 100 meters above sea level, which is why it is the region of many lakes and swamps. The mountainous part of the district occupies a narrow strip along the Polar Urals and consists of large mountain ranges with a total length of over 200 kilometers. The large navigable rivers Ob, Nadym, Pur, and Taz flow through the territory of the district. There are no bridges across the Ob; in summer there are ferries, and in winter people travel on ice.In addition to the four seasons, the district has a clearer division of time into periods - polar day and polar night.

Winter in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the longest climatic season, lasting about 7 months. Winter is characterized as extremely frosty and with little snow. Winter begins in early October and ends in the middle of the third decade of May, that is, it lasts about 230 days. In the southern part of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, within the forest-tundra zone (Salekhard), winter is shorter by about 40 days: mainly due to more early date its ending. The duration of the period with stable frosts in Salekhard reaches 200 days. A feature of the Yamalo-Nenets winter is quite frequent magnetic storms, which, in winter, are often accompanied by aurora. In winter they go very often strong storms and snowstorms. Hail and ice are rare.

In winter, the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug experiences polar night. There is intense cooling of the surface layer of air due to the presence of the polar night and the high reflectivity of the snow cover. As a result of frequent cyclones, day-to-day variability of air temperature and other climatic indicators is high.

October, in most of the territory, is the first winter month. Stable snow cover forms between October 1 and October 10. At this time, the average daily air temperature passes through -5°C, and real winter begins. Snow cover lasts about 240 - 270 days and usually breaks down in mid- or late May. Relative humidity, in winter period, very high, its highest value occurs in October and November. A characteristic feature of the district is also the predominance of cyclonic weather, and this is especially noticeable at the beginning of winter. In this regard, from December to February, fogs can be observed very often.

The coldest month is January, and the lowest temperatures are observed in the southeast of the district, with distance from the sea and an increase in continental climate. The average daily January air temperature near Novy Port is -24°C, on the Tazovsky and Gydansky peninsulas - -27°C. The absolute minimum temperature often reaches -61°C. The severity of weather is determined more by wind speed than by temperature. In winter, winds from the south prevail; On the coast of the Kara Sea there are frequent snowstorms with wind speeds of up to 30 m/sec or more. The equivalent effective temperature, which characterizes a person’s thermal sensation resulting from the combined influence of temperature, humidity and wind speed, is very low (below -45°C).

The thickness of the snow cover reaches its maximum value at the end of March, and is, on the eastern slopes of the Urals - 60 -70 cm, in the basin of the middle reaches of the Taz River - 80 -85 cm.

In most of the district, the last winter month is April. He doesn’t indulge in either better weather or warmer temperatures. The same snowstorms, winds and storms, active cyclonic activity - in short, no hints of weather at the beginning of spring. At this time, especially acutely, it seems that winter will never end here...

Spring in the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug begins in the northern taiga on May 11-20, in the tundra - no later than June 1. The beginning of spring is taken to be the dates when average daily temperatures cross 0°C. The Yamalo-Nenets spring is characterized by the return of cold weather, and even snowfalls in early June. In May, the northern part of the district is pierced by arctic cold.

The average daily temperature in May in Salekhard is -2.1°C, in Tambay -7.4°C. In the southern part of the district, the average dates for the end of frosts practically coincide with the dates when the average daily air temperature passes through +5°C, and in the northern half, frosts stop at a lower positive temperature of +2 - +3°C. In spring, the direction of air flows changes sharply compared to the winter period. Northeast and north winds prevail. The radiation balance becomes positive due to the influx of large amounts of solar radiation. During this period, the most intense rise in air temperature is observed - from negative to positive values. As a result of melting and disappearance of snow cover, the underlying surface becomes heterogeneous, and the albedo sharply decreases. The duration of the spring period decreases from 45 days in the south to 35 days in the north.

Cheap hotels in Salekhard

Summer in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug begins on June 10-20 in the northern taiga, June 21-30 in the forest-tundra, and on the peninsulas summer comes only in July. The beginning of summer is considered to be the period when the average monthly air temperature passes through +10°C. The Yamalo-Nenets summer is characterized as cool and very short. The duration of the summer period in the south of the peninsula is about 90 days, and in the north – about 50 days. Such a large difference is mainly due to the later start of summer in the north of the peninsula. The duration of the period with an average daily air temperature above 0°C in the extreme northern regions of the district is only 105-110 days. The approximate date of transition of the average daily air temperature over +5°C on the Mammoth Peninsula is July 11, on the Javai Peninsula - July 21, on Shokalsky Island - in August. The duration of the period with an average daily temperature above +15°C is less than 10 days, and in the north there is no such period at all.

Air masses freely penetrate across the plains from north to south. The Ural Mountains transform atmospheric flows of heat and moisture from the west. In June and July there are a lot of midges and mosquitoes, but after the first frost they disappear. In early summer there are frequent thunderstorms, but in general it is quite dry and sunny. With a small amount of heat and excess moisture, a relatively dense network of rivers and lakes is formed on vast plains with aquifers of frozen rocks. In some areas (laida, river valleys) lakes occupy up to 40% of the area.

The warmest summer month in the south of the district is July, in the north it is August. Average daily air temperatures in July often reach +5°C on the Kara Sea coast, and up to +10°C in the south of the Yenisei Bay; on some summer days, daytime air temperatures can rise to +20°C and above. Despite the fact that in summer time, the entire territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is dominated by polar day, the region receives little sunlight and heat. This is mainly due to the presence of long-lasting snow cover and strong reflectivity of the region, as well as predominantly cyclonic cloudy summer weather.

August is often very rainy. This is the time when there are mushrooms, berries, and a lot of fish in the lakes. During the summer, the soil thaws by approximately 50 cm. This is quite enough for nature to dress the territory of the district in a meager summer outfit. During the entire summer period, a wide variety of weather is observed on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Autumn in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug begins in the north of the peninsula - in the last ten days of August, and in the south - in the first ten days of September, and ends in the first and second ten days of October. The duration of the autumn period, in contrast to the spring, increases when moving from south to north from 35 to 50 days. The beginning of autumn is considered to be the transition of daily temperatures through +10°C, towards a decrease. In the 20th of August, in mountainous areas and in the tundra, frosts on the soil are observed. In September, cyclonic activity increases sharply, prevailing winds become southwestern. In this regard, cloudiness and wind speed increase, air temperature drops sharply, and predominantly slightly and moderately frosty weather with wind prevails. In the second half of September, daytime air temperatures in most of the region, as a rule, remain fixed below 0°C.

The end of autumn, throughout the entire territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, occurs at approximately the same time, with a difference of less than 10 days, but it begins in the south of the region, more than 20 days later than in the northern regions. A short, cold autumn is followed by a long, frosty winter...

On the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, during the year, only 400-500 mm of precipitation falls, but this amount is quite enough for the entire region to be saturated with moisture. 50-55% of precipitation falls in the warm season. The share of summer precipitation in July-August, of the annual amount, is 44% in Salekhard, 40% in Tambay. In the tundra, maximum precipitation occurs in August.

In winter, on average, there are 15-18 days of precipitation, in summer - 12-15. The duration of sunshine in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is, on average, 1050 hours per year.

When to go to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug – amazing harsh region! Organized tourism appeared here relatively recently. This region is visited to get acquainted with the unique nature of the North, to hunt and fish in rivers and lakes.

Due to the harsh climate of this region, it is better to travel here during the short summer months - June, July and August. The best time for hiking, water and other sports will be the end of July and August. It is worth considering that at the end of June, after the snow has melted and the ground has sufficiently warmed up, mosquitoes and midges appear in huge numbers! There are fewer insects at night and in cold and windy weather. Be sure to take a mosquito net and mosquito repellent with you on your trip! Also, warm clothes, a rain cape and waders will come in handy, since the tundra is a large and damp swamp.

For lovers of skiing, and those who want to saddle a reindeer, ride in a sled and see northern lights, it is worth going on a trip in the second half of winter - in March, April. In March, a festival of reindeer herders is held in Nadym, and during national wrestling competitions, people come to the district to see the multicolored embroidered fur clothes and folklore performances. Keep in mind that the climate is extremely difficult to tolerate; in winter, strong winds often blow, and snowstorms and blizzards occur. Or frosts go beyond -50°C. You need to be prepared for all this, both mentally and physically.

It is also worth noting that moving around the region is extremely difficult, and sometimes simply impossible. There are practically no roads here. All movement of local residents takes place in reindeer and dog sleds, and in the summer, due to the fact that a large area of ​​the region is a swamp, movement is only possible in groups, by helicopter, which in itself, too, is not a cheap pleasure. In this regard, you must be prepared for the fact that the necessary medical assistance will not arrive soon, if at all, the necessary medications are not available, and the doctor often talks to patients on the radio. All these arguments must be carefully considered and weighed before the trip.

Climate of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra

The climate of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is sharply continental. The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra occupies the central part of the West Siberian Lowland, stretching from west to east for almost 1,400 km - from the Ural ridge to the Osko-Yenisei watershed. The territory of the district is a vast, weakly dissected plain, with absolute elevations rarely reaching 200 m above sea level. The formation of the climate is significantly influenced by the protection of the territory from the west by the Ural ridge, and the openness of the territory from the north, facilitating the penetration of cold Arctic masses, as well as the flat nature of the area, with a large number of rivers, lakes and swamps. The climate is characterized by rapid changes in weather conditions, especially during transition periods - from autumn to winter, and from spring to summer, as well as during the day.

Cheap flights to Khanty-Mansiysk

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra is located within one natural zone - forest. The main part of the district's territory is occupied by heavily swampy taiga. There are more than 25 thousand lakes among swamps and forests. The water regime of the rivers is characterized by extended spring-summer floods. In winter, in the district, the atmospheric pressure is much lower than within the Asian anticyclone. Average atmospheric pressure in July is lower than in the Arctic, but higher than in Central Asia. The climate of the region is characterized by harsh and long winters, with stable snow cover, and short and relatively warm summers.

Winter in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra begins in the third ten days of October. Winters are harsh and long, with stable snow cover. The period with negative air temperatures in the district lasts about 7 months, from October to April. Winter begins with the establishment of stable frosts, which, in most parts of the territory, begin in the third ten days of October. The beginning of winter is characterized by a further drop in temperature. Its most intense decrease is observed in late October-early November, after the appearance of snow cover, as a result of which the difference in average temperatures in October and November is 10-12°C. The radiation balance in November reaches the lowest negative values ​​of the year, due to the smallest heat influx of the year and the high reflectivity of the snow cover, its average daily air temperature is -7- -10°C. But sometimes November can be very cold, with frosts down to -40°C in the southwest, and up to -50°C in the northeast of the district.

November and December are characterized by strong winds and snowstorms. Every third or fourth day there may be a snowstorm. The average daily temperature in December is -10°C, sometimes dropping to -40°C. The weather in December is the most unstable, with many cloudy days and very strong winds. The most intense increase in snow cover occurs in the period from the second half of November to the beginning of January, when the amount of precipitation increases due to the highest frequency of cyclonic weather.

January is the coldest winter month. The average daily air temperature in January in the district ranges from -18 to -24°C, depending on the area. Low air temperatures (up to -60 - -62 ºC) were recorded in the Vakh River valley, in the Nizhnevartovsk region.

The lowest temperatures are observed in the east of the district, and most often, in depressions of the relief, where cold air flows from the slopes. Day-to-day variability during the winter months averages 5ºC. February temperatures are 1-2°C higher than January temperatures.

March, due to the state of the snow cover, low temperatures and their distribution, is still a typical winter month. The snow height reaches its maximum at the end of March and is 50-60 cm, and in the east it increases to 80 cm. The large accumulation of snow cover is facilitated by the absence of strong thaws and the duration of occurrence (190-210 days). From April, under the influence of an increase in solar radiation, the snow begins to settle, but due to its high power and high reflectivity, its melting proceeds slowly and the air temperature also slowly rises.

Spring in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra begins only in the second half of April. The spring period lasts about 40 days. Spring is the shortest, windiest, clearest and driest season of the year. In April, the temperature difference between the western and eastern regions, characteristic of winter, still remains. But at the end of the month, spring phenomena rapidly develop, so that, in terms of temperature, its last ten days differ significantly from the first. By the end of the month, there is a strong and rather sharp increase in air temperature - about +10 ºC.

Such high temperatures are associated with the removal of warm air from the south (advection), and with the processes of transformation of air masses, since most of the territory only begins to be free of snow from mid-April. The snow melts during the day, and freezes again at night, and does not yet provide any significant runoff. Snow melting occurs much faster than its accumulation. Melting occurs unevenly; open places are exposed earlier, forests are cleared of snow later. The snow cover is completely destroyed within 11-15 days. As the snow melts, the amount of reflected radiation decreases, since the sun's rays no longer fall on the snow, but on the soil. Also, in April, it is possible very coldy to -25ºC - -30 ºC, due to breakthroughs of arctic air from the north, but such sharp drops in temperature occur only in years with long winters.

In May, the air temperature becomes even higher. May is an unpredictable month, characterized by alternating cold intrusions and heat outflows. A rapid increase in temperature may give way to a sharp cold snap and even snowfall. At the end of May, the weather is usually sunny and warm.

Cheap hotels in Khanty-Mansiysk

Summer in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra begins in early June. Summer is warm but short, lasting up to 80 days. At this time, the summer regime is established, a feature of which is large reserves solar heat and light, and in June, the number of hours of sunshine reaches 309. Due to the maximum influx of solar radiation, with clear skies or cumulus clouds, in June favorable conditions for the formation of the largest values ​​of the radiation balance. Despite the largest heat expenditures of the year for evaporation, for heating the soil and air, a significant amount of heat remains. However, almost until the middle of the month, night and morning frosts can be observed on the soil. With the cessation of frosts, in the second ten days of June, there is an intensive increase in air temperature, its average daily value at this time reaches +15°C.

The warmest summer month is July. This is the only month of the year when there is no frost. Its average daily air temperature is +20°C, and maximums can reach +30°C, which happens, however, rarely. In July, the temperature increase continues, despite a decrease in the height of the sun and the amount of incoming heat, which is explained by the heating of the underlying surface and the removal of warmer air masses from the south. July and August differ little in average daytime temperatures, however, night temperatures in August drop noticeably. By the end of August, the average daily air temperature drops through +10°C, frosts begin on the ground, and only in the Khanty-Mansiysk - Laryak regions and further south, the onset of these phenomena shifts to the beginning of September.

Autumn in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra begins in late August - early September. By the end of August, frosts on the soil begin, which is an indispensable attribute of the onset of autumn, and at the beginning of September, the average daily temperature transitions through +10°C, towards a decrease. In September, the arrival of solar radiation decreases threefold compared to July, and the frost-free period ends. By the end of the month, severe cold snaps down to -7 - -15°C are possible, associated with intrusions of continental Arctic air from the northwest, and snowfalls occur quite regularly.

In October, the temperature drops further, negative temperatures set in, a stable snow cover forms, and freezing occurs on the rivers. The wind takes a southern and southwestern direction, speeds increase. The cooling in October comes very quickly. In the third ten days of the month, the formation of stable snow cover is completed and the average daily temperature passes through -5°C, after which a period of stable frosts sets in for a long time. At this time, cloudiness and frequency of fog increase, creating favorable conditions for ice and frost phenomena. By the end of the third ten days of October, the snow height reaches 8-10 cm.

The territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra belongs to the zone of excess moisture. Annual rainfall in the region ranges from only 400 to 620 mm. Maximum precipitation occurs in the warm season. But even with such a relatively small amount of precipitation, the amount of evaporation is very insignificant, as a result of which the entire territory of the region is located in a zone of excess moisture. Waterlogging, low temperatures, late spring, summer and early autumn frosts - all this hinders the cultivation of most agricultural crops. Therefore, the development of agriculture in the region is very risky. However, the region receives a large number of hours of sunshine, with an annual duration of 1600 -1900 hours, which is more than many other areas located further south (for example, St. Petersburg - 1563 hours, Kursk - 1775 hours, Kiev – 1843 hours).

When to goin Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. The best time to visit the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra is the warm summer months - from June to September. The nature here is amazing. The region may well compete with Karelia in terms of the abundance of rivers and lakes; mighty rivers such as the Ob and Irtysh will be especially interesting for tourists. The taiga, with all its Siberian treasures, from cedars and larches to a great variety of birds and animals, and extraordinary clean air, simply attracts the eyes of travelers and environmentalists. In the region there are two nature reserves and a dozen reserves, the most famous are the ecological parks “Numto”, “Shapshinsky cedar trees” and “Samarovsky Chugas”, which is a natural island right in the middle of the capital of the district. It is worth noting that the region is quite “wild” in terms of tourism, and with free movement Problems can arise through forests and fields, the roads here are bad, and in many places they are non-existent, while the region is replete with all kinds of lakes, rivers and swamps. You should be careful not to deviate from your planned route when traveling on your own.

In addition to the extraordinary harsh beauty of northern nature, industrial tourism is very popular here. Few people know how oil is extracted or what it is. Here you have the opportunity not only to see what oil looks like, but also to smell it, and also watch oil production. The production looks very impressive - rocking chairs, drilling rigs, factories in an open field - all this is a kind of romance of our time. Tourists here are taken to some oil facilities, shown, told and given a taste of what “black gold” smells like.

If you are planning a more exotic holiday in the bosom of northern nature, you should think about a trip to the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra in winter, the months of February-March would be more preferable. For tourists, the “Ugra Safari” is held here: deer, snowmobiles, sleighs, even dog sleds, hunting and all winter Siberian fun, it will be very interesting and fun, and most importantly unforgettable! It is worth noting that winter here is quite harsh, so you need to take the warmest clothes, good practical warm shoes and try not to get too cold.

The remaining months of the year are not the best time to visit the region. Cold spring, dank autumn, and severe frosts in the first half of winter are the times when you don’t want to watch anything, and sometimes it’s simply impossible to get anywhere.

Climate of the Tyumen region

The climate of the Tyumen region is continental. The region is characterized by harsh long winters, warm summers, short transition seasons (spring - autumn, 6-7 weeks), with late spring and early autumn frosts. The flat nature of the region's relief, its openness from the north and south, contributes to the deep penetration of cold Arctic air masses and the free removal of continental temperate and even tropical air masses from south to north. The amplitude of fluctuations in average summer and winter temperatures is, on average, about 35°C, which is quite high at this latitude. For comparison, in the Baltic countries, located at the same latitude, the amplitude of fluctuations in average temperatures is only 22 -23°C. Tyumen is not protected by mountains either from the north, from the sudden invasion of cold Arctic air, or from the south, from the hot breath of the dry Kazakh steppes and deserts of Central Asia. Warm, humid winds from the Atlantic Ocean often break through the low Ural Mountains from the west. As a result, the weather in Tyumen is unstable in any season of the year.

Cheap flights to Tyumen

The Tyumen region is the “oil barrel” of Russia. In addition, the region has great recreational opportunities, there are mighty forests here, huge rivers flow, numerous lakes sparkle in the sun, and even hot springs have been discovered in the region. In a word, the Tyumen region is a fertile land. On the territory of the Tyumen region, four seasons of the year are clearly distinguished: winter, spring, summer and autumn.

Winter in the Tyumen region is the longest season of the year. Winter begins in early November and ends only in early April. Tyumen winter is characterized as very frosty and snowy, which is typical for a continental climate. As a rule, the temperature in winter decreases in the direction from west to east, or from southwest to northeast. In early November, a stable snow cover forms everywhere in the region, and average negative temperatures are observed.

January is the coldest winter month. The average daily air temperature in January is -20°C. On some days, almost every year, the temperature at night drops to -36°- -44°C. Along with low temperatures, high temperatures can also be observed. Thus, in January, thaws are often observed, with daytime air temperatures up to +2 - +6°C, but thaws in winter are a short-term phenomenon, and they usually last no more than three days.

During all winter months, strong winds with snowstorms (up to 15 - 20 m/s) are observed in the Tyumen region. The most snowstorms occur in February. March, the last winter month, also surprises with persistent frosts and heavy snowfalls. In the middle of the month, snow cover reaches its maximum, on average 70 - 80 cm, and in some places up to 1 m and higher.

Real spring in the Tyumen region comes only in April. There are more sunny days, the air temperature is rapidly increasing, and snow is beginning to melt. Spring is quite short and passes very quickly. As a rule, from the third ten days of April spring rains begin, which wash away the last snow cover, saturating the earth with life-giving moisture.

May begins with good sunny weather, the daytime temperature averages around +18°C. The grass is turning green, the leaves are blooming, the first flowers are blooming, and birdsong is heard everywhere. This is a wonderful daylight time, nature comes alive these days. The air temperature is still increasing, but, as a rule, in the third ten days of May there is a return of frosts, this is especially noticeable in the morning. From the fourth ten days of May, hot sunny weather sets in in the Tyumen region - a real Siberian summer!

Cheap hotels in Tyumen

Summer in the Tyumen region begins at the end of May and lasts until September. Tyumen summer is sunny and hot. The hottest summer month is July, its average daily air temperature is +25°C. Several times during the summer season, real heat comes to the Tyumen region, when the daytime air temperature rises to +35 - +40°C. And with the invasion of cold arctic air masses, very sharp drops in temperature are possible, even in July and August, down to -1 - 4°C. Precipitation in summer predominates mainly in the form of rain showers. August is a cooler and rainier month than July; at the end of the month, frosts on the soil may occur at night.

Autumn in the Tyumen region begins in early September. It was during this time that there was a steady decrease in the average daily air temperature. September is characterized as a moderately cold month, nature dresses the forests in colorful, colorful outfits, and all the trees stand sparkling with different colors. At the beginning of the month there are often autumn rains, although the second half of September is more favorable in terms of weather conditions - this is a warm sunny season, popularly called “Indian summer”. The last warm days of the year are accompanied by an increase in daytime air temperature to +20 - +23°C, and at night they drop to slightly negative temperatures.

October is perhaps the most unpleasant month. It is characterized by heavy, prolonged rains, strong winds and a sharp drop in air temperature. Gray sky, incessant rain, and a strong gusty wind, tearing off the last leaves from the trees - this is Tyumen October. In the second half of the month it becomes even more “fun”, the average daily air temperature is often negative, and snow replaces rain. However, stable snow cover is formed only in November.

The Tyumen region belongs to the territory of sufficient moisture. Precipitation falls 400 - 500 mm per year, mainly in the warm season - from May to October. The duration of sunshine in the Tyumen region is quite high, averaging about 2,017 hours per year. It should be noted that this figure is much higher than in the same latitudes of the European part of the country, or cities located much further south (for example, Kyiv).

When to goto the Tyumen region. For lovers of resort holidays, the best summer months are June, July and August. Throughout the Tyumen region there is a large number of different boarding houses, holiday homes and sanatoriums where you can spend a weekend or even a vacation. In addition to banal swimming in clean rivers and lakes, hiking for mushrooms and berries, and various ecological routes, the region is pleased to surprise travelers with an abundance of thermal springs, where you can treat your health, or simply relax with maximum benefit.

For traveling around cities and sightseeing, it is better to choose a short period " Indian summer» in September - at this time the surrounding landscapes are especially beautiful, and the flat, flat terrain is replete with autumn colors. Also, the month of May is wonderful for active recreation - when everything around is blooming and fragrant, and the sun does not burn as much as in summer. It is worth remembering that in early autumn and late spring, the region annually experiences a peak in tick activity, you must be careful and take the necessary measures.

Winter months - from December to April are suitable for lovers winter species sports, and for lovers of hunting tourism, when hunting for ungulates is open. In winter, hunting safaris on snowmobiles are possible here. If you want to travel to the Tyumen region in winter, you should take a lot of warm clothes with you, since the winters here are very frosty, often the temperature on the thermometer shows -35°C.

You should not visit the Tyumen region in October - November, as well as in April. All 3 months are transitional and are characterized by unstable, changeable weather, in addition, during these months it can be very muddy and some roads may be impassable.

Climate of the Omsk region

The climate of the Omsk region is continental, and its continentality is much more pronounced than in other cities located at the same latitude, for example, in Minsk, Moscow or even Chelyabinsk. The Omsk region is located on a vast low-lying plain, in the center of the Asian continent, far from the seas, and is open from both the north and south, so the climate here is formed under the strong influence of the physical properties of the land, which warms up quickly and strongly in summer, and in winter, It also cools quickly. Not only arctic cold air masses, but also warm dry winds from Kazakhstan freely penetrate into this territory. Because of this, a characteristic feature of the climate of the Omsk region is hot summers and cold winters.

Cheap flights to Omsk

Western and northwestern cyclones have the highest frequency in the Omsk region. With westerly flows from the Atlantic, deep and active cyclones often move, causing rain and thunderstorms in summer, and snowfalls and snowstorms in winter. In winter, the anticyclone causes partly cloudy, frosty weather, often with fog and frost, and in summer – dry and hot weather.

During the year, the air temperature experiences large fluctuations - the annual amplitude of average air temperatures exceeds 37°C. The lowest air temperature usually occurs in the morning, before sunrise, and the highest - 2 - 3 hours after noon. Temperatures change sharply from month to month, especially during transition periods. The temperature rise in spring is very intense. In the climate of the Omsk region there are clearly defined seasons: winter, spring, summer, autumn.

Winter in the Omsk region begins in early November and lasts until early April. Omsk winter is characterized as severe, long, with stable snow cover. In any winter month, intrusions of cold waves are possible or, conversely, the temperature can rise sharply on certain days, or even during the day, although thaws in winter are a rare phenomenon. The appearance of the first snow in the Omsk region usually occurs in mid-October, but it happens earlier. Usually, the first snow does not remain lying throughout the winter, but melts as a result of thaws and liquid precipitation. A stable snow cover is formed 20 days after the first snow appears, the average date is November 8. The coldest winter month is January. Its average daily air temperature is -19°C. On some days, minimum temperatures air can drop to -49 °C.

In February and March, snowstorms occur more often than in other months in the Omsk region. Blizzards usually occur when a front passes through. The most powerful of them are associated with deep cyclones, which cause significant wind increases. The strongest snowstorms, covering large areas, occur when southern cyclones break through and merge with depressions of western origin. Snowstorms can occur at any time of the day, but they are most common in the afternoon. Blizzards lasting 12 hours or more are especially dangerous. Most often, snowstorms are observed at temperatures of -5 - -15°C. At low temperatures (-25°C), blizzards occur rarely (3% of cases), but are the most dangerous, since at low temperatures the snow becomes fine-grained, loose and easily transported, even by a weak wind with a stable direction.

However, the winter months are characterized by relatively little cloudiness, little precipitation, weak winds, frosty, clear sunny weather. In March, the snow cover reaches its maximum height. On average, in the Omsk region, during the winter there are 159 days with snow cover, its stable occurrence usually lasts for 149 days, which is almost 5 months. Snow cover protects the soil from freezing, promotes normal overwintering of winter crops, and is a source of moisture in the soil.

Despite the long, harsh winter, intense snowfalls in the Omsk region are not observed every year, approximately once every 6-7 years. Snowfalls producing more than 5 cm of snowfall occur, on average, slightly more than once per winter, which is about 3% of the total number of days with solid precipitation. The duration of heavy snowfalls is usually at least 4 hours; in more than half of the cases, their duration is more than 12 hours.

Spring in the Omsk region begins only in early April. Spring is short, passes quickly, and air temperatures rise rapidly. If, during the transition from January to February, the temperature rises by 1.4°C, then the change in the average monthly temperature from March to April is already 13°C, from April to May – 9°C. The average daily air temperature crosses the mark of 0°C, on average, on April 5, and the mark of +10°C on May 8. In spring, there are significantly fewer days with precipitation than in winter, and the relative air humidity is lower (66% in April and 53% in May).

Omsk spring is characterized by clear sunny weather. At the same time, spring weather is characterized by instability and is characterized by strong winds, especially in May. May winds often raise dust storms, which are most often observed in dry years.

Cheap hotels in Omsk

Summer in the Omsk region begins in late May - early June. Omsk summer is characterized by warm or hot weather, with a lot of sunny days. On clear, sunny days, the air temperature during the day often rises to +30 - +35°C. In the first half of summer, dry winds (strong, hot winds that scorch plants and cause severe drying out of the soil) are a frequent occurrence. The temperature increase continues until July, but not so intensely, from June to July - only by 1.7°C.

The hottest summer month is July, with an average daily temperature of at least +25°C. Thunderstorms are common in summer. The maximum thunderstorms per year are observed in July, when the average number of days with thunderstorms is eight, but in some years it ranges from two to sixteen days. Most often, thunderstorms occur in the afternoon, less often at night and, especially rarely, in the morning. The formation of thunderstorms is associated with the presence of an unstable moist and warm air mass, and the processes of cold air spreading over a warm layer, air rising along the frontal surface.

Often, in the summer, dust storms are observed in the Omsk region. Dust storms are the transfer of large amounts of thick dust, particles of dry earth or sand, by strong winds, as a result of which clouding of the atmosphere occurs and visibility is significantly reduced. On average, there are 10 days with a dust storm per season. From August, a slow decrease in air temperature begins, with a gradual increase in the intensity of the decrease towards autumn, when the thermal regime changes to winter.

Autumn in the Omsk region begins in early September. The autumn period in the Omsk region lasts two months (September and October), is characterized by warm, dry weather, but is often cloudy and rainy. In early September, daytime temperatures drop below +15 °C. The fall in temperature in autumn is somewhat less intense than its rise in spring, and in mid-September the daytime air temperature drops below +10 °C. At the end of the month, the first frosts are observed in the air.

October is a rainy, gloomy month. In October there is a significant cooling and a sharp temperature drop. If at the beginning of the month, the average daily air temperature is +5°C, then in the second half of October, the temperature can drop to -30°C, and snowfalls are observed. The greatest decrease in temperature is observed from October to November – by 10 - 11°C. November is already a month with consistently negative average daily values, and it belongs to the winter period.

Atlantic air reaches the territory of the Omsk region significantly dried out; it loses most of its moisture passing over Western Europe, and when crossing the Ural Mountains. And precipitation associated with arctic air masses coming from the north and tropical air masses coming from the south is insignificant, since arctic air contains little moisture. In this regard, the total amount of precipitation in the Omsk region is less than at those latitudes in the European part: for example, 1.5 times less precipitation compared to Ufa, 1.7 times less compared to Moscow, almost 2 times less compared to Minsk. The steppe lands suffer greatly from a lack of moisture: on average, 250 - 300 mm of precipitation falls here per year, which is 1.5 - 2 times less than in the central regions of Russia. The Tara north, on the contrary, is a zone of abundant moisture; 400 - 450 mm of precipitation falls here per year, that is, twice as much as in the south of the region. In the Omsk region, over 80% of the annual precipitation falls in the warm season, and only about 20% in the cold season.

When to goto the Omsk region. The best time for a holiday in the Omsk region is the hot summer months - from June to September. In summer there is quite a lot of entertainment here: hiking, horseback riding, rafting or kayaking, and much more. Pleasant coolness in the summer heat will be provided by numerous rivers and lakes, on the picturesque banks of which there are comfortable and cozy Omsk recreation centers. Here you can walk through the forest, which is replete with mushrooms and berries. And avid fishermen can go to the taiga river Artyn, lakes Shaitan or Lenevo, and sit with a fishing rod in specially equipped places.

If you want to improve your health, you can go to Lake Uljay. Lake Uljay is famous for its healing mud and mineral thermal springs located not far from it. The waters of these sources help in the treatment of diseases of the circulatory system, and also have a positive effect on the peripheral nervous system, which is why thousands of tourists come here every year.

Winter time - December - March - is also a good time to relax in the Omsk region. Numerous boarding houses and sanatoriums offer visitors a wide range of health programs, diagnostic capabilities and various types of active recreation, such as swimming pools, gyms, winter skating rinks, billiards, ski slopes, roller coasters, saunas, baths and much more.

Lovers of romance and thirsty naturalists should go to the Omsk region in May. At this time, right before our eyes, nature comes to life, flowers bloom, butterflies and insects begin to vigorously activity. Everything around is full of bright spring colors, there are stable warm days, although sometimes there are May thunderstorms. This is the most wonderful time to relax in nature. True, a piquant situation at this time is created by the rather abundant presence of ticks, spreading tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis, which are dangerous to humans and animals. The end of April - beginning of May is the peak of tick activity. If you plan to visit the Omsk region at this time of year, you should think about methods of protection against ticks. It is recommended to wear overalls or simple, but plain and light-colored clothing, which will allow you to quickly detect a tick on your body. Trousers must be tucked into boots, and sleeve cuffs must fit snugly to the arm. You must put a hood on your head or tuck your hair under a scarf or hat. It is also worth thinking about vaccination.

Fans of sightseeing tours can be advised to come to the Omsk region in September. A mild, slightly cool month will greet you with rainbow autumn colors, colorful vegetation, and sightseeing at this time of year will not be so difficult, since the bulk of tourists have already left.

The stormiest months are October, November and April, and are not suitable for a pleasant, relaxing holiday. All three months are extremely unstable in weather conditions, and are characterized by sharp temperature fluctuations, which, for example, is difficult for a European resident to endure.

Climate of the Tomsk region

The climate of the Tomsk region is sharply continental. The surface and openness of the territory of the Tomsk region, from all sides except the southeast, facilitates the penetration of air masses of the Arctic, Atlantic and Central Asia. Therefore, arctic and temperate air masses, and in summer, also tropical ones, participate in circulation processes over Western Siberia at all times of the year. In general, the climate of the region is characterized by long cold winter, short warm summers, uniform moisture, and rather abrupt changes in weather elements, in relatively short periods (a few hours).

Cheap flights to Tomsk

The climatic conditions of the southern and northern regions of the Tomsk region differ markedly due to the fact that the distance between the northern and southern borders of the region, along the meridian, reaches 600 kilometers. The climatic characteristics of the northern regions of the region are characterized by greater severity and duration of the winter season. Almost the entire territory of the Tomsk region is located within the taiga zone.

The terrain is mainly composed of flat, swampy plains. The Ob River, in its middle course, divides the Tomsk region practically into two equal parts, crossing it from the southeast to the northwest, and the river valleys account for, in general, 1/5 of the territory of the Tomsk region. In the Tomsk region, all four seasons of the year are well expressed: winter, summer, spring, autumn.

Winter in the Tomsk region begins in early November. It is at this time that a stable snow cover with a height of 10 centimeters or more forms everywhere in the region. The average daily air temperature in November in the Tomsk region is - 10°C. In the northern part of the region, the average daily air temperature in November is 4 degrees lower and amounts to -14°C (in Aleksandrovsky). By the end of the month, the lakes freeze, ice cover is established on the Tom River, and birds that do not winter here go to winter.

In December, the average daytime air temperature is noticeably colder, and is already -15 - -17°C. At the beginning of December, rhythmic fluctuations of heat and cold are often observed, when several days of cold are followed by days of comparatively warmer weather. December is also characterized by a large number of snowstorms - there are up to 11 snowstorms per month. December has the shortest days; the day begins at ten o'clock in the morning and lasts only until four o'clock in the afternoon. During all winter months, there is a high probability of the arrival of anticyclones, which “lower” air temperatures in the Tomsk region to -35 - -40°C, and this is more a pattern in this region than an exception to the rule.

January – the coldest month of the year. Its average air temperatures are 2 degrees lower than in December and amount to, on average, -19°C for the region. The depth of snow in January already reaches 60 cm or more. Most of nature is in deep sleep. Trees, shrubs and grasses sleep, insects, and some mammals sleep. But nature, at this time of year, is not lifeless; even in 30-degree frosts, summer physiological processes take place in plants, for example, photosynthesis and formation continue in lichens. organic matter. The grass continues to turn green under the snow.

January is followed by February, an equally cold winter month. The average daily temperature in February is -16°C, which is the third coldest month after December and January. The month is also characterized by heavy snowfalls, especially in the second half. At this time, the snow cover reaches its maximum value, which, on average, is 1 m or more.

March is the last winter month in the Tomsk region. Perhaps March is the most unpredictable, as the weather often changes: there are snowstorms and heavy snowfalls, then there is a thaw and puddles appear. Then suddenly a strong anticyclone suddenly comes, and the region experiences bitter frosts. You can't guess or predict the weather in March. According to the phenological calendar, the first thaws come to the region on March 7, and then the Root Winter ends, and winter begins the third period of the end of colds and frosts, and this period is called Pre-Spring. But winter will show its character in March.

Spring in the Tomsk region begins in late March - early April. At this time, throughout the region, the end of persistent frosts is observed and increased snowmelt begins. The transition of the average daily air temperature through -5°C, which occurs in the south at the end of March, and in the north at the beginning of April, serves as a characteristic boundary between winter and spring. With the beginning of spring, the frequency of southern winds decreases and the frequency of northern ones increases slightly. In April, snowfalls give way to liquid ones, and at the end of April the stable snow cover is completely destroyed. Ice drift on the rivers begins in mid-April.

In the first ten days of May, the topsoil thaws. The beginning of May often coincides with the appearance of the first thunderstorms and heavy spring rains in the region. It is they who nourish the earth with life-giving moisture, and after these showers the nature around turns green and blooms even faster. In mid-May, there is a steady transition of the average daily air temperature through +5°C, which coincides with the beginning of the plant growing season. But spring is never smooth, either in the weather, or in the phenomena of organic life, or in time and space. Spring is characterized by the return of cold weather. In May, and even in early June, frosts are observed, which are dangerous for cultivated plants. Spring returns of cold weather are common for the climate of the Tomsk region. They are sometimes even tied to some noticeable phenological phenomena that coincide in time, for example, with the flowering of bird cherry. And then such a cold snap is called bird cherry. And sometimes the temperature in May jumps to +30°C, and it’s a real sunny summer. But spring cooling and warming, as a rule, take short periods of time.

Cheap hotels in Tomsk

Summer in the Tomsk region begins in early June and ends in early September. In the southern regions of the region, summer lengthens, as it sometimes includes the last ten days of May and the first ten days of September. Summer begins with the transition of the average daily air temperature through +15°C, which determines the development of plant vegetation. At this time, the vegetation reaches full development: the leaves reach their optimal size, most trees and shrubs bloom or are preparing for this, tiers of grass cover are formed, and large grasses bloom. This is the most fertile time: everything is full of life, in the forest, in the meadows, near the water. The average daily air temperature in June in the Tomsk region is +22°C.

July is the peak of summer; it is the warmest month of the year. Its average daily air temperature is +24°C. Sometimes real heat comes to the area, and then the thermometer reaches +30 - +35°C. In July, the berries ripen, chicory and tansy bloom. Summer has the highest rainfall of the year. In the north of the region, in summer, there is a significant frequency of northern winds; in the south, winds of northern and southern directions have approximately the same frequency.

August is the last month of summer, good, kind, calm, peaceful, and besides, rich - plenty of everything. The surrounding landscape begins to gradually change in August. As a rule, until August 12, the summer is as hot as in July, and after this date the third period begins, which is called “Summer Recession”. In the second half of the month, swifts fly away, and the number of flying insects noticeably decreases: butterflies, beetles, dragonflies and bees. The day is shortened by half of what it was in June. An indicator of the transition from summer to autumn is the date of transition of the average daily temperature through +10°C, towards a decrease. The end of summer, as a rule, also coincides with the average date of the first autumn frost, which is observed in early September.

Autumn in the Tomsk region begins in early September. Autumn is characterized by a decrease in air and soil temperatures, an increase in relative air humidity, and a sharp decrease in evaporation. Cloudy weather occurs more often, the soil dries out slowly after rains. Frosts occur. But even after the first autumn frosts, there is often good warm weather in September, popularly called “Indian summer”, when the thermometer rises to +25°C. In the second half of the month, everywhere in the Tomsk region, the most colorful time of the year begins - golden autumn. The first birch trees, painted in autumn colors, appear. September is the period of harvesting agricultural crops, a crucial season when “the day feeds the year.”

October is the second autumn month, or rather, it is autumn only at the very beginning, and the end of the month is already winter. This month is very wet, there is a lot of precipitation. The average daily air temperature in the first half of October is only +6°C. Deciduous trees and shrubs, completing the ash– This is autumn, the leaves drop in October. Migratory birds fly to warmer regions. In the middle of the month, as a rule, the first snow falls, but it does not last long. By the end of the month, as a rule, the average daily air temperatures are already negative, and it snows more and more often instead of rain. At the end of October - beginning of November, stable snow cover indicates the beginning of a long, cold winter...

In count atmospheric precipitation Most of the territory of the Tomsk region belongs to the zone of excess and sufficient moisture. 450-700 mm of precipitation falls annually. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in June, July or August. The least precipitation falls in February.

When to goto the Tomsk region. The best time to travel to the Tomsk region is summer, from June to September. The Tomsk region in summer is a green sea of ​​taiga with vast yellowish bald patches of swamps, along which necklaces of lakes are scattered. The rivers and lakes of the region are home to 33 species of fish, of which 15 are of commercial importance: nelma, muksun, sturgeon, sterlet, and peled. Therefore, we can safely say that the Tomsk region is a paradise for fishermen. The fauna of the Tomsk region is also rich: 28 species of commercial wild animals live on its territory - elk, deer, roe deer, brown bears, lynx, wolverine, sable, foxes, squirrels, wolves and more than 40 species of birds, all this allows for the development of hunting tourism here . In addition, there are a large number of tourist centers and holiday homes in the region. Here you can have a great rest on the magnificent sandy beaches of the Ob River, visit several national reserves areas.

May and September are a great time for city tours and sightseeing. At this time it is not so hot, but the weather is quite comfortable for staying both outdoors and in large cities.

Winter, from November to mid-March, is also a great time to relax in the Tomsk region. Almost all available winter activities are available here: skiing, skating, snowmobiling, ice fishing, hunting. In addition, a mandatory attribute in many holiday homes is a bathhouse or sauna, where you can also spend time usefully. Winter nature is fascinating, and sometimes an ordinary walk through the winter forest brings a lot of pleasure and positivity. Just remember that the Tomsk region is, after all, Siberia, and winters in Siberia are cold. It is worth taking the warmest things with you on vacation.

April and October are perhaps not the best time to travel to the Tomsk region. These are unstable transition months with large temperature fluctuations throughout the day. The weather during these months is extremely difficult to predict, so there is a chance that the weather will still take you by surprise. In addition, nature at this time does not appear in its best form, damp, cold, dirty and slushy, so it is recommended to avoid these months when visiting the Tomsk region.

Climate of the Novosibirsk region

The climate of the Novosibirsk region is sharply continental, with cold, long winters and short but warm summers. The geographical location of the region determines its continental climate, more severe than in regions of Europe and America located at the same geographical latitude. This is explained by the location of the Novosibirsk region in the center of a huge continent, far from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

Cheap flights to Novosibirsk

The geographic location also determines the characteristics of atmospheric circulation over Western Siberia. Due to the fact that the plain is open to the north, it is easily exposed to arctic air masses, which are characterized by great dryness and low temperatures at all times of the year. In the cold season, the territory of the Novosibirsk region is occupied by the Asian anticyclone, which is a vast center of cold, dry air. In the warm half of the year, the center of cold continental air is destroyed and cyclonic activity prevails throughout the region. Atlantic air comes here already highly transformed and often completely degenerates here into dry continental air, which affects the rather small amount of precipitation.

Another characteristic consequence of the distance from the Atlantic is the significant number of hours of sunshine for these latitudes. The city of Novosibirsk is located at the latitude of cities such as Moscow, Copenhagen, Hamburg, but the number of sunny days here is about 20% greater than at the corresponding latitude in Europe. For comparison, the duration of sunshine hours is 1582 hours in Moscow, 1843 hours in Kyiv, 2146 hours in Krasnodar.

On the territory of the Novosibirsk region there are clearly 4 seasons of the year: winter, spring, summer and autumn. The transition seasons (spring and autumn) are short and characterized by unstable weather, returns of cold weather and frosts.

Winter in the Novosibirsk region is the longest time of the year, it lasts 5 months - from the beginning of November to the end of March. The Novosibirsk winter is harsh and long, with stable snow cover from 20 cm in the southwest to 50-70 cm in the north. November is the first winter month. In early November, stable snow cover can be observed everywhere in the region. The thickness of the snow cover reaches 10 cm by mid-November. Snowfall is often accompanied by strong winds, which leads to its uneven distribution. Snow cover lasts from 150 days in the south to 180 in the north. Thaws are possible, but they are short-lived and are not observed every year. Already in November, winter unfolds “to its fullest” and the first month of winter greets everyone with frosts down to -20°C. December is the darkest month of the year, with only 7 hours of daylight.

January is the coldest month of winter. Its average daily air temperature is - 20°C. The minimum temperature recorded during long-term observations in the region is -55°C (!), but such a low temperature is extremely rare. Usually the thermometer does not fall below -35°C. It is worth noting here that in a continental climate the air is drier, and low temperatures are more easily tolerated by humans. For example, if you compare the temperatures, for example, in St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk, then the feeling of cold -10°C in St. Petersburg is almost the same as -20°C in Novosibirsk. Therefore, do not be afraid of such low air temperatures. February is also a very cold winter month, it is only 3 degrees warmer than January.

After frosty January and February comes sunny March. March is the last winter month. The month is characterized by large amplitudes of temperature fluctuations within one day. In March, it is usually warm during the day, but at night the mercury drops to -30°C. In March, in the central regions of the region, 50-70 cm of snow accumulates; in the steppe Kulunda zone - much less (20-30 cm). The soil in the Novosibirsk region freezes deeply, in some years up to 200-230 cm, less in forest areas and deeper in steppe areas.

Spring in the Novosibirsk region begins only in early April and lasts two months. Spring is characterized by a sharp increase in air temperature during the transition from March to April (by about 10°C), and from April to May (also by 10°C). In spring there are many sunny days, and there is less precipitation than in other seasons. At the beginning of April, the snow begins to melt intensively and streams run. In mid-April, the average daily temperature is above 0°C, and by the end of April it reaches more than +5°C. At the end of the third ten days of April, daytime air temperatures reach +15 - +20°C. In spring, all nature awakens; many species of migratory birds arrive from the south. This is also the time of active growing season for fruit and berry plants.

At the beginning of May, grass begins to grow and young leaves bloom on the trees. The Siberian forest-steppe is characterized by a phenomenon called “naked spring.” It consists in the fact that after the snow has completely melted, the grass does not begin to grow immediately, but after about two weeks. There is no snow, it’s warm, but the grass doesn’t grow. This is explained by the fact that in winter the soil freezes up to 2 meters deep, and it takes time for plant roots to thaw. In general, May is a dry, warm, sunny month, daytime air temperatures often rise to +20 - +25°C, but warm periods are sharply replaced by cold ones. Often daily temperature fluctuations reach 20°C, and after hot, dry days cold ones come and snow falls. This happens because cold arctic air penetrates these latitudes. Cold snaps are usually accompanied by frosts, which often occur in the second half of May and even in early June. Frosts occur on clear, cold nights, when heat is intensely radiated from the surface of the earth and the soil cools down greatly. Dry soil cools especially quickly, and in moist areas the effect of frost is weakened.

Cheap hotels in Novosibirsk

Summer in the Novosibirsk region begins in early June and lasts about three months. Summer is hot, but relatively short - from 90 to 100 days in the north, and up to 120-130 days in the south. The first ten days of June is the beginning of summer, when the average daily air temperature is above +15°C and the soil warms up well. June is the brightest month of the year - daylight hours reach 17 hours. In summer, a thick and varied grass cover forms in the Siberian forest-steppe, and all animals are very active. Insects are active in the meadows, birds are chirping in the forests, and rivers and lakes are full of fish. By the end of June the temperature rises significantly.

The hottest month of the year is July, and this is the only month of the year when there is no frost. The average daily air temperature in June is +25°C. Usually, in June or July there are 1-2 weeks when the temperature is around +30°C. The maximum temperature recorded in the region is +40°C. In June and July, western cyclones bring rain, often torrential. In summer the greatest amount of precipitation falls - up to 70% of the annual norm. The largest amount of precipitation occurs in July (sometimes in June).

In early August, as a rule, there are cold snaps, the air and water temperatures in reservoirs drop. In the second half of the month, frosts are possible on the soil surface. At the end of August - beginning of September, the influx of solar radiation decreases, and the average daily temperature drops to + 15°C. That's it, summer is on the decline, a cold autumn is ahead, and then a long winter...

Autumn in the Novosibirsk region begins in early September. In September it is still quite warm - up to +20 - +25°C, at this time the autumn color of the forests is very beautiful. Warming periods in September can be long - sometimes up to two weeks, which has a beneficial effect on the preparation of fruit and berry plants for winter. Migratory birds are flying south, and other animals are preparing for a harsh and long winter.

At the beginning of October, the average daily air temperature drops sharply to +5°C, which indicates the end of the growing season. It gets cold, the leaves completely fall off the trees, it rains often, and the first snow usually falls at the end of October, which quickly melts. Air humidity in October is high, which prevents the evaporation of precipitation, so the soil accumulates a lot of moisture by winter. The snow finally falls at the end of October - beginning of November, and from this moment the winter period begins.

The Novosibirsk region belongs to the zone of unstable moisture. In the central regions, an average of 400 - 440 mm of precipitation falls per year, in the Kulunda steppe - only 300 mm. 20% of precipitation occurs in May June In particular, in the period from April to October, an average of 330 mm of precipitation falls, in the period from November to March - 95 mm. Up to 70% of precipitation falls in the form of rain, mainly showers with thunderstorms.

When to go to the Novosibirsk region. The best time to travel to the Novosibirsk region is, of course, summer, the months from June to September. The climatic conditions of the Novosibirsk region, due to the large number of sunny days and relatively low air humidity, are quite favorable for human health. In general, there are excellent opportunities for treatment and recreational recreation. In the region there are many deposits of thermal radon and iodine-bromine waters, there are unique salt and mud lakes, which gave impetus to the development of sanatorium and resort tourism, because the waters and mud of some lakes are not inferior in their healing properties to the Dead Sea.

Extremely popular in summer and active tourism. There are mountains and hills, caves and rocks, there are many large and small rivers and lakes, and even its own sea - the Novosibirsk Reservoir. Steppes, birch groves, ribbon forests and taiga, where nuts, berries and mushrooms of the most diverse types grow in abundance, beckon you to pick up baskets full of these forest riches. In the Novosibirsk region, tourists are offered a variety of walking and horse riding routes, river walks and rafting. Fans of extreme sports can recommend parachute jumping, kiting, flying hot-air balloon, walking on glass and burning coals.

September and May are the best months for excursion tours to the cities of the region, and visiting local attractions and museums. The cities of Novosibirsk, Kolyvan, Kuibyshev and Suzun are included in the list of historical places in Russia. But, besides these cities, there are many settlements in the Novosibirsk region where there are interesting architectural monuments, for example, the Church of the Intercession on Karakan in Zavyalovo, the Church of Seraphim of Sarov in Turnaev and others.

Winter holidays, from November to mid-March, also have their own twist. All lovers of skiing and alpine skiing, as well as those who want to skate, sled and snowboard, should go here. Vacationers can enjoy comfortable recreation centers in Novosibirsk, modern ski resorts, ski resorts, skating rinks, roller coasters, baths and saunas and much more. But remember, the Novosibirsk frost bites, be sure to dress warmly!

You should not go to the Novosibirsk region in April and October. These are transitional months when the weather is extremely unstable and unpredictable, with large temperature changes. It is unlikely that at this time you will be able to appreciate the beauty of these places.

Climate of the Kemerovo region

The climate of the Kemerovo region is sharply continental. The Kemerovo region is located far from the seas and oceans, at the junction of large climatic regions (West Siberian, East Siberian, Central Asian and Central Asian), which determine the circulation of these air masses. It is fenced off from the winds blowing from the east and south by mountains, but is open to all winds from the north and west. Westerly winds forming over the North Atlantic Ocean bring cool, rainy weather in summer and snow and blizzards in winter. Northern winds blowing from the Arctic Ocean throughout the year bring cooling. Southwest winds forming over the central Atlantic Ocean bring thaws in winter and hot weather in summer. But southeast winds that form over the steppes and deserts of China and Mongolia bring severe frosts in winter. There are cold and long winters and warm but short summers.

Cheap flights to Kemerovo

General characteristic feature The climate of the Kemerovo region is its continentality, that is, sharp fluctuations in air temperature over the seasons, within a month and even a day. Such fluctuations are most typical for the forest-steppe and taiga; they are somewhat less in the mountains. Located in temperate zone Northern hemisphere, the territory of the Kemerovo region receives a relatively large amount of solar heat per year. The seasons in the Kemerovo region are clearly defined.

Winter in the Kemerovo region begins in early November. Winter is the longest season of the year, it lasts about 5.5 months, and according to weather conditions it is divided into three periods. The beginning of winter (November and the first half of December) is characterized by unstable weather with snowfalls, winds, and short-term warmings. At this time, more than half of the winter precipitation falls. The amount of snow cover on the territory of the Kemerovo region is very different, both in height and structure, and in the time of its formation. Stable snow cover in Kuznetsk Alatau and Mountain Shoria falls in the twentieth of October, and in their highest places a little earlier - in mid-October. In the Kuznetsk Basin, permanent snow cover forms in early November.

In the second period (from half of December to half of February), cold, partly cloudy weather with southwest winds sets in. The coldest winter month is January. The average daily air temperature in January is -20°C. January is the middle of winter, therefore, it is a real winter month with frosts and snowstorms. The main process that determines the weather in January is the preservation of the Siberian anticyclone, and cyclonic activity develops, most often, in the north of Western Siberia, where cloudy weather prevails, with frequent snowfalls and blizzards, sometimes spreading to the territory of the region. Features of winter circulation, combined with a negative radiation balance, lead to a significant cooling of the region, at which minimum air temperatures can reach -46 - -57°C. Such low temperatures can occur in any winter month, but they are more typical in the middle of winter. The height of the snow cover, by the end of the month, reaches 20-47 cm, in some places up to 50-89 cm.

February is practically the same cold winter month as January. The main process that determines the weather in February is the preservation of the Siberian anticyclone. In February, more often than in January, the destruction of the anticyclone occurs when deep cyclones enter Western Siberia, and the displacement of “diving” cyclones from the areas of the Barents Sea. When warm air masses enter Western Siberia from the regions of the middle Volga and Kazakhstan, and an increase in the influx of solar radiation (especially in the second half of the month), in extremely warm years it is possible to increase daytime temperatures to +8 - +13°C. Snowstorms are more common in February than in January. The average number of days with a snowstorm is 3-10 days. The average monthly wind speed is 1-6 m/s. Wind increases of up to 15 m/s or more are observed annually, in some years 22-25 m/s. The height of the snow cover, by the end of the month, reaches 20-40 cm, in the foothills up to 60-100 cm. The increase in the height of the snow cover, due to newly fallen precipitation, is compensated by compaction, blowing, evaporation and melting of the snow.

The third period of winter lasts from mid-February to early April, during which time there are many more sunny days. March is the first spring month according to the calendar, but in the Kemerovo region it is a winter month, with frosts and snowstorms. Snow cover cools the air and slows down the onset of spring. The instability of the weather in March is expressed in the fact that cold, windy weather is quickly replaced by warm weather. on sunny days, and vice versa. In protected places of the northern forest-steppe, the thickness of the snow cover in mid-March (before the start of melting) reaches 50 cm, in the southern forest-steppe - about 40 cm, in the flat taiga - 80-120 cm, and in the mountain taiga - 200-250 cm. in mountain and river valleys, in ravines and ravines, the height of the snow cover reaches 300 cm. In the forest-steppe in open areas, the thickness of the snow is established at the height of the grass cover. In open areas, without vegetation, the snow cover is unstable: during the winter it is repeatedly blown away by strong winds. In such areas, dense dunes of snow-earth dust are formed. The height of the snow cover here does not exceed 10-15 cm; it melts with the onset of the first March thaw. Relatively smooth and stable snow cover in open forest-steppe is formed in the zone of forest shelterbelts. From March to April, the largest increase in average monthly air temperature over the year is observed: by 8-10°C.

Spring in the Kemerovo region begins in early April. At this time, there is a large influx of warm air masses from the south, and an intense increase in solar radiation; clear, dry but windy weather prevails. In the third ten days of April, the average daily air temperature increases through +5°C, and the growing season begins.

In May there is a restructuring of atmospheric processes to the summer regime. The Asian anticyclone is weakening. But at this time, there are often returns of cold weather and late frosts, sharp fluctuations in weather conditions. Cold waves are most likely in the second half of May, just as air temperatures up to +30°C and above, hot winds and dust storms are most likely at this time. During periods of cold weather, the absolute minimum air temperature can reach -16 - -20°C. Precipitation in May falls in the form of rain, but with intrusions of arctic air, it is likely to turn to snow in some places.

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Summer in the Kemerovo region begins in early June. Summer is short, but the weather is stable and deviates little from the long-term average norms. Already in early June, warm summer weather sets in, the sky is clear and partly cloudy, and there is a light wind. It doesn’t rain too often; sometimes, at this time, a drought may even occur in the region.

July is the hottest summer month. The average daily temperature in July is +23°C. Sometimes, on some days, the thermometer goes over +35°C. The July heat is characterized by large amounts of precipitation in the form of showers and thunderstorms. Prolonged bad weather is unusual for this area. It can rain every day, but it passes quickly and is replaced by sunny, quiet weather. Dew falls at night, and frost falls at the end of August. In August, frosts are possible at night, especially in low places, although daytime temperatures can be quite high.

Autumn in the Kemerovo region begins in early September. Autumn, like spring, is short-lived. At the end of August - beginning of September there is a rather sharp drop in temperature, but in September it is still relatively warm and the weather is clear and sunny, although there are constant night frosts. In the second, and often in the third ten days of September, there is a return of heat, popularly called “Indian summer”. This is the best time of autumn: the weather is dry, clear and warm for several days. Then, “Indian summer” quickly gives way to cloudy, rainy and windy days.

In October, the restructuring of atmospheric processes to the winter weather regime continues. The Asian anticyclone continues to form. The air temperature drops even more, the number of cloudy days increases (on average 14-17 days with precipitation). In the second half of the month, precipitation begins to fall in the form of pellets and snow, and at the beginning of November, a stable snow cover has already formed and winter begins.

In the Kemerovo region there is great unevenness in the amount of precipitation. Along the main ridge and western slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau, more than 1,000 mm of atmospheric precipitation falls per year, and in high areas of the mountains - even up to 1,800 mm. This is one of the most humidified regions of Siberia. In the southern forest-steppe precipitation falls about 350 mm, and on the eastern slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau even less. The average annual precipitation in the Kuznetsk Basin is 400-500 mm. The total number of days with precipitation is quite large; over the past 50 years, in the city of Taiga, on average, in one year there were 185, in the city of Mariinsk - 171, and in the city of Novokuznetsk - 162 days.

During a significant part of the year (from September to April), Western Siberia is under the influence of a high pressure area, or more precisely, under the influence of the western spur of the Asian maximum pressure, which passes, on average, at 50° N. w. The Kemerovo region, by location, is closest to the center of this anticyclone, which affects the direction of the prevailing winds of the southern and southwestern directions, bringing cold and dryness. The anticyclone fences off the area from the Atlantic Ocean; as a result, only in summer do sea air masses from the Atlantic penetrate here.

When to goto the Kemerovo region. The best time to travel to the Kemerovo region is, of course, summer. The Kemerovo region is a beautiful taiga, mountain rapids rivers, cascades of crystal waterfalls with clear water, snowy peaks, numerous historical and cultural monuments. Coastal mountain spurs will certainly be of interest to lovers of active recreation. And the main river of this region, the Tom, has become a popular route for water tourists. Camp sites in the Kemerovo region invite active recreation enthusiasts to go river rafting. Lovers of ecotourism can visit the Kuznetsky Alatau nature reserve. It includes huge taiga massifs, high-mountain systems, high-mountain swamps, dozens of high-mountain lakes, and the sources of large and small rivers.

Hunting is also popular in the summer. Kemerovo tourist centers offer vacationers exciting tours with participation in exciting and interesting hunting. Hunting in the Kemerovo region is mainly for upland, waterfowl and swamp game, as well as bear, fox, roe deer, and white hare. This is also a paradise for fishermen - the area has enormous water potential, with a wide variety of fish in its rivers and lakes. The largest lake among the many in this area is Lake Bolshoi Berchikul.

Winter time from December to mid-March is the best time for winter sports. The greatest wealth of the tourism industry of the Kemerovo region is Gornaya Shoria, where one of the largest ski resorts in Siberia is located on Mount Zelenaya. The nature of Mountain Shoria fascinates with the grandeur of the mountains covered with taiga, enchants with transparent mountain rivers, enchants with mysterious caves with amazingly beautiful halls, winding passages and spacious galleries. Just keep in mind that sometimes in winter it can be very cold here.

May and September are a good time for sightseeing tours and local sightseeing. At this time the weather is sunny, as a rule, not too hot, not too cold, travel will not be so tiring.

October and November, as well as April, are not the best time to travel to the Kemerovo region. These are quite cloudy months, with a lot of precipitation, unstable weather conditions that can ruin your entire vacation and disrupt all your plans.

Climate of the Altai Territory

The climate of the Altai Territory is sharply continental. The Altai Territory is located in the center of the Eurasian continent, thousands of kilometers away from the oceans, therefore, in the warm season, the land is very hot, temperatures are high, and summers are hot. In winter, on the contrary, the entire continent rapidly cools; a high pressure area is formed here - the Siberian anticyclone. A high pressure band runs from it to the west, through the territory of the region, and in connection with it, clear frosty weather with low temperatures sets in in winter. The region has cold winters and hot summers, which causes significant temperature fluctuations characteristic of a sharply continental climate.

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Over the mountains, local air masses are formed that differ from the air masses of the plains. Difficult location ridges, highly dissected relief, significant elevation fluctuations create conditions for the formation of several types of climate and diverse micro- climatic conditions. Pressure and temperature decrease with altitude, cloudiness and precipitation increase. Throughout the year, the air of the plains and mountains collides in the foothill zone, where a cyclonic region occurs, with very unstable weather and heavy precipitation. In the Altai Territory, four seasons are clearly distinguished: winter, spring, summer and autumn.

Winter in the Altai Territory begins in late October - early November. Winter is the longest season of the year, lasting on average from 5 (on the plains) to 7 months (in the mountains). Altai winter is characterized by clear, frosty weather. In early November, snow cover forms everywhere in the Altai Territory. An increased influx of arctic air at the beginning of winter leads to a sharp drop in temperature, frequent blizzards and snowfalls. Often, already in the second half of November, daytime air temperatures drop below -10 - -14°C.

The coldest month of winter is January. Its average daily air temperature on the plain increases from north to south, to the foothills of Altai and ranges from -18 to -25°C and above. At this time the weather is usually clear, partly cloudy and frosty. Sometimes real frosts come to the Altai Territory, and the air temperature drops sharply to -40 - -45°C, and sometimes even lower. Such sharp drops in temperature, as a rule, are short-lived and are possible in any of the winter months, but most often occur in January and February.

The height of the snow cover reaches its maximum in early March and averages 40-60 cm on the plains. On the border of the plains and mountains there is a pre-ascent zone, where local cyclones dominate and there are years when the snow cover there reaches more than one and a half meters. On calm, windless days, heavy flakes of snow accumulate on trees, branches break under its weight, and wires break. On the steep slopes of the mountains, the accumulated snow rushes down in an all-destroying snow avalanche, uprooting trees and smoothing out rocks. The depth of soil freezing is 50-80 cm; in steppe areas bare of snow, freezing to a depth of 2-2.5 m is possible.

March in the Altai Territory is considered a full-fledged winter month, with fairly low air temperatures, sometimes blizzards and heavy snowfalls. But still, March is noticeably different from the two previous winter months. The fact is that in March the daylight hours noticeably increase, and accordingly, the number of hours of sunshine also increases, due to which, already in early March, in the Altai Territory, in daytime, active snow melting begins. Thanks to the bright sun, the snow melts even at subzero daytime air temperatures, and at night when it’s freezing, it becomes covered with an ice crust.

Spring in the Altai Territory, in the flat areas, begins in early April, and in May spring begins in the mountainous part of the region. When the weather is clear and there is an abundance of solar heat, the snow quickly melts, the soil thaws and warms up, and on the flat part of the Altai Territory, as a rule, by mid-April, the snow cover completely disappears. Such transience of spring is characteristic only of the flat part of the region. Daytime temperatures can be quite high, but at night it is cold and slight frosts are possible.

But still, spring weather is characterized by great variability, this is especially noticeable in April. Rain gives way to snow, warm weather often turns into cold weather, in short, spring is the most unpredictable time of the year. Unstable spring weather complicates the first field work. It takes great skill and a good understanding of nature to start sowing on time, carry out planting, and other field work that is important to carry out in a short time. At the end of spring, southwest winds usually dominate and bring dry weather.

In the mountainous part of the Altai Territory, full-fledged spring begins only in early May. Depending on the height of the mountains, the snow cover is completely destroyed at different times - in the foothills, as a rule, in the first half of May, in the mountains - at the end of May, in June. Spring in the mountains is cold, there are often frosts at night, and there is frequent wind and rain. In addition, from a security point of view, this is quite dangerous time years when avalanches from the mountains are most likely.

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Summer in the Altai Territory begins in early - mid-June. As the terrain rises and the mountains rise, the duration of summer shortens. The average annual temperature rises in the southwest of the region. Due to the presence of a mountain barrier in the southeast of the region, the dominant west-east transport of air masses acquires a southwestern direction. During the summer months, northerly winds are frequent. In 20 - 45% of cases, the speed of winds in the southwestern and western directions exceeds 6 m/s. In the steppe regions of the region, the occurrence of dry winds is associated with increased winds.

The influx of solar energy in the summer is maximum, the days become longer, and on June 22, when the Earth reaches its climax in low-Earth orbit, the day length exceeds 17 hours.

The warmest summer month is July. The average daily air temperature in July is +23°C. Towards the south, into the mountains, the temperature drops. In the intermountain basins the temperature in summer is +30 - +35°C, while on the ridges surrounding the valley there can be negative temperatures. There are often very hot days in the summer, when the daytime air temperature is +38°C and above. In summer, due to the warming of the continent, the pressure decreases, and warm air often comes from Antarctica. This is associated with cloudy, rainy weather. In the second half of summer the amount of precipitation increases. Frequently heavy showers with thunderstorms and winds. July accounts for up to 70% of annual precipitation. Summer rains give way to clear sunny weather.

August – the last month of summer is decisive for the ripening of grains and vegetables. At this time, winter and spring crops are being harvested in the region. When arctic air invades, cold temperatures occur with rain, and in the mountains - with snowfall. By the end of August, frosts occur and a new climate cycle begins.

Autumn in the Altai Territory begins in early September, and in the mountains already in mid-August. September is the time of change of southern warm northern air currents, which is why the weather is sometimes stormy and rainy, sometimes warm, sometimes dry. The invasion of Arctic air brings cold snaps and frosts, and the influx of solar heat decreases. The average temperature in September is positive almost throughout the entire territory of the region, with the exception of the highlands. In the second half of September there is a return of heat, popularly called “Indian Summer”.

October - a completely autumn month. Constant gray skies, bad weather, and incessant drizzle at the beginning of the month herald the middle of autumn. During the day, the air temperature reaches only + 5 - + 7°C, but night frosts begin to get stronger. Frosts occur when Arctic air comes from Eastern Siberia. The average daily temperature passes 0 degrees. In the middle of the month, the first snow cover appears, often short-term and unstable. In the mountains, October is a real winter month with blizzards and snowfalls. On the flat part of the Altai Territory, the winter period begins in early November.

The Altai Territory belongs to a zone of uneven moisture. Temperate sea air coming to Altai from the Atlantic Ocean brings basic precipitation. The greatest amount of precipitation falls in mountainous areas - up to 1,500 mm, as well as in steppe areas with ribbon forests. In some areas on the flat territory of the region (Kulundinskaya steppe), no more than 300 mm falls per year. In the steppe part, the most precipitation is observed in July, and the minimum amount is observed in February and March. In winter there is a lot of precipitation in the foothills, this is explained by the extensive forest areas.

The territory of the Altai Territory is simply spoiled by sunlight. The annual duration of sunshine in the region varies between 1800-2100 hours. In this regard, the Altai Territory is equal to the Crimea and the North Caucasus.

When to go to the Altai region. The best time to travel to the Altai Territory is the warm summer months - from June to September. The Altai region is deservedly called the pearl and pride of Siberia. In summer, here you can spend an unforgettable holiday on the magnificent lakes - Kulundinsky, Mikhailovsky and Kuchuksky. Kolyvan Lake is amazingly beautiful, on the shores of which there are bizarre granite rocks. The forests of the Altai Territory are home to deer, bears, moose, foxes, wood grouse, and wild boars in abundance - these are excellent hunting grounds. Holidays in the Altai Territory in the summer are also an opportunity to receive medical treatment at the local resorts, famous for their healing springs with mud and radon waters. For fans of extreme sports, the Altai Territory is simply a paradise. Rafting and motor rafting, rock climbing, jeeping, paragliding and much more await extreme sports enthusiasts in this corner of the planet.

On the territory of Altai there are more than 5 thousand monuments of archaeology, architecture, history and culture. Some of them are recognized as objects of world significance. Of great interest to tourists are the Denisova Cave, the valley of the Sentelek River with the Scythian burial site “Tsar’s Mound”, the archaeological park “Crossroads of the Worlds”, as well as mining sites in Altai associated with the activities of Akinfiy Demidov.

May and September - perhaps best months for excursion trips to the cities and villages of the Altai Territory: Biysk - the oldest city in Altai, built according to the personal decree of Peter I; the place of formation of the Ob - one of the greatest rivers on the planet; the village of Srostki, where actor Vasily Makarovich Shukshin was born and raised; arboretum "Blooming Valley" in the village of Altaiskoye, with exotic plants and medicinal herbs; The federal resort city of Belokurikha is the only center of restorative medicine beyond the Urals, a recognized innovator in balneology, and much, much more.

The winter months from December to mid-March are a great time for winter sports. Alpine skiing, skating, snowboarding, snowmobiling, and much more - you can have a great time here in winter. Numerous holiday homes and tourist centers will provide the most comfortable conditions. But, it’s worth remembering that this is Siberia, after all, the winter here is fierce, so you should worry about warm clothes in advance.

The spring months - the second half of March and April - are not the best time to travel to the Altai Territory. This transitional time of year, with large daily temperature fluctuations and extremely unpredictable weather, can cause you a lot of trouble. It is highly not recommended to climb the mountains at this time of year, as there is a high risk of avalanches.

October and November are also unlucky months for traveling to this unique region. October is a cold autumn rainy month, with cold rains and frosts at night. November is a winter month, but at this time the weather is also still unstable - this month is not suitable for winter sports due to the rather small snow cover.

Climate of the Altai Republic

The climate of the Altai Republic is sharply continental. Being located at a considerable distance from the oceans, the region has many climate-forming factors: continental Arctic air freely reaching the interior throughout the year, warm and humid western air masses coming from the Atlantic Ocean, warm southwestern and southern winds, and local winds formed by the mountainous terrain of the country. cyclones and fan-like air currents.

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A significant influence on the climate of the Altai Republic is exerted by the relief, which forms a vertical climatic zonation - a low-mountain climate zone (up to 500-600 m), a mid-mountain climate zone (from 500 to 1500 m, or more), a high-mountain climate zone (over 2,000-2,500 m). ). The southeastern regions of the region (Ulagansky and Kosh-Agachsky districts) have the most severe natural and climatic conditions; the climate of the northern and northeastern parts (Choisky, Maiminsky, Turachaksky districts) is milder. On the territory of the Altai Republic there are clearly four seasons of the year: winter, spring, summer and autumn.

Winter in the Altai Republic begins in early November, this is the longest time of the year. In winter, the territory of the Altai Republic is dominated by continental Arctic masses, which bring cold air with low temperatures, northwestern and western air masses of low pressure are a source of heavy snowfall, southwestern and western winds bring partly cloudy and dry weather.

The beginning of winter is a time of rather unstable weather. Thaws with snowfalls and blizzards are replaced by partly cloudy frosty weather. At the end of September - beginning of November, a stable snow cover forms in the region; the date and timing depend on the height of the mountain peaks (the higher, the earlier the snow cover forms). The distribution of snow cover is determined by the topography, wind strength and direction.

January and February - the central months of winter - are very different from the previous two. These are the coldest months of winter, especially January. The average daily air temperature in January ranges from -19 to -25°C. At this time, the weather is usually clear and frosty.

In winter, the Altai mountains are slightly warmer than the lowlands. In some places, warm winters in the Altai Mountains are explained by the high frequency of foes, that is, relatively warm and dry winds that blow from the slopes of the valley. They arise when different pressures are established over the opposite slopes of the ridge. Descending from the slopes, the air, as a result of compression, becomes very hot and becomes dry. In Altai, these winds are observed in the area of ​​Lake Teletskoye, and on the northern slopes of the Terektinsky ridge. For example, on the shores of Lake Teletskoye the winter temperature is 2 times higher than at the same altitudes in the Katun River valley. Especially harsh winters occur in intermountain basins where cold air stagnates. This is caused by cold, heavier air rolling down the slopes and filling the lower part of the valley, forming a “cold lake.” In different valleys, nighttime cooling varies widely, depending on local conditions. In humid closed valleys, on the slopes it is 10-15°C warmer than below. In the morning, as the sun rises, the air warms up, begins to rise, and temperature inversions are destroyed.

Snow cover reaches its maximum in early March. The greatest height of snow cover is observed in the northeast (up to 1 m), the lowest in the Chui steppe (8 cm - Kosh-Agach). At the end of winter, under the influence of the removal of warmer air masses and sunlight, the snow settles, becomes compacted and becomes granular. During the day it melts a lot, and at night it freezes and becomes crusty. The air becomes warmer compared to January, the sun shines longer, and the dense snow does not fall underfoot, which makes the transition easier.

The Altai Republic is located at 50-52 degrees north latitude. This determines, first of all, the amount of radiant energy from the sun arriving at the surface of the earth. Already in February - March there is so much of it that snow begins to melt and evaporate on the treetops, although the air temperature is still very low. Thawed patches can be found around sun-heated trees and other dark objects.

Spring in the Altai Republic begins in early April. Spring is the shortest and driest season of the year. Clear, windy weather and plenty of sunshine accompany the rapid melting of snow, drying and warming of the soil and air. It is in spring that there is an intense rise in temperature from month to month. In the mountains, at an altitude below 1,000 meters, the air temperature rises by 10-11°C by April, and even above 2,000 meters, although it continues to remain below zero, it rises by 5-7°C. Stable snow cover in river valleys, at an altitude of up to 1,000 meters, and on the shores of Lake Teletskoye melts by mid-April. But at night, the air temperature can still drop to -20°C or even -30°C, but during the day the air heats up to +5 - +7°C.

In May, the weather on the territory of the Altai Republic gradually begins to worsen and is often gloomy and cool. May is a transition month; cold air masses come from the northwest and north. Then, to replace them, warm air from low latitudes penetrates from the south, as a harbinger of summer. As a result of changing air masses, sunny, warm summer and dry weather is replaced by cloudy weather, with cold, drizzling rain, or even snow. This continues until the beginning of June.

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Summer in the Altai Republic begins in early - mid-June. In the mountains below 2,000 meters, the average June temperature does not exceed +10°C. In the steppe valleys of Altai, located at an altitude of up to 1,200 meters, the average air temperature in June is already + 15°C. It should be noted here that June is a fairly warm, sunny and dry month. Abundance of sunshine is generally the calling card of the Altai Republic. There is more sunshine in the Altai Mountains than in Yalta, Sochi, the Swiss resort of Davos and Bayram Ali in southern Turkmenistan. The influx of total solar radiation per year reaches enormous values, comparable to the total radiation received by the resorts of the Caucasus, Crimea, and Switzerland.

The Katanda steppe, located at an altitude of 900 m above sea level, receives 112 kcal/cm² per year, the Chui steppe - 142 kcal/cm² of total solar radiation, while the Caucasian resort of Abastumani (Southern Georgia) receives 93 kcal/cm², Sochi - 111 kcal /cm², Yalta – 117 kcal/cm², Davos – 130 kcal/cm². 20% of solar radiation reaching the Earth is reflected by the atmosphere. The rest reaches the surface - this is direct solar radiation. The maximum monthly amounts of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface occur in June, which is explained by an increase in the height of the Sun and an increase in the length of the day (June 22 - 17 hours), as well as a decrease in cloudiness.

The warmest month of summer is July, which is also the rainiest month. In the foothills, the average air temperature this month is +20°C, at an altitude of 1,000-1,200 meters it drops to + 15°C, and above 2,000 meters it is generally 5-8°C. But, on some summer days, the daytime air can heat up to +25°C, even in those places that are located above 2,000 meters, and at lower altitudes the heat can reach +35°C or more. In such heat, it seems incredible that eternal snow lies very close by, and a strong wind blows the snow headlong from the overhanging eaves. But the next day it may rain heavily and leaden clouds will hang in the sky.

In August, the amount of rain decreases sharply. But the amount of heat also decreases. Frosts that become more frequent towards the end of August serve as the first sign of the approach of autumn, and their onset is somewhat preceded by a drop in the average daily temperature below +10°C. Snowfalls are already possible on passes above 2000 meters.

Autumn in the Altai Republic begins in early September. Already in September it gets noticeably colder, especially in the mountains. Thus, in the Katun Valley the average September temperature is +4 - +5°C; above 3,000 meters it drops below zero and snow falls. The second half of September can bring joy with a warm anticyclone, when sunny, dry weather, popularly called “Indian Summer,” sets in for several days. But this doesn't happen every year.

October is a real autumn month, characterized by strong winds and often snowstorms. Every third day there can be a snowstorm. Strong winds combined with low temperatures create a feeling of extreme cold. The air temperature drops significantly compared to September. High in the mountains - October is already a winter month, there has been snow cover for a long time, and the air temperature remains below zero. At the end of October - beginning of November, the winter period sets in throughout the region.

The Altai mountain system is a powerful moisture condenser throughout the year. In the middle mountains, 500-600 mm of precipitation falls per year. The most precipitation falls on the southwestern ridges. In the upper reaches of Malaya Ulba and the Katunsky squirrels, more than 1,500 mm of precipitation falls per year. In addition, the Altai Mountains are an area of ​​intense glaciation. Currently, the total area of ​​glaciation reaches 800 km². The annual change in relative air humidity is opposite to the temperature change. The lowest relative humidity (35-40%) is observed in April-May, and the highest (up to 70-80%) in December-January.

When to goto the Altai Republic. The Altai Republic is an amazing and mystical land, the fame of its beauty has long spread far beyond the borders of Russia. The best time to travel to this wonderful region is the warm summer months. Here, the semi-deserts of Mongolia, the Kazakh steppes, the Siberian taiga and the Altai Mountains organically unite into one whole, creating excellent conditions for all types of tourism of varying complexity.

For those who want to plunge into a wonderful world untouched nature, we can recommend going on a multi-day horseback riding trip to the very heart of the Altai Mountains. Such tours take place along the most beautiful trails of the mountain ranges of this region. The routes are designed in such a way as to cover as many natural attractions of these fabulous places as possible.

For extreme sports enthusiasts, the stunning Argut Gorge awaits. Here, a lover of thrills and natural beauty will be fully satisfied: passes in the sky-high heights, gloomy deep gorges that are not found anywhere else in Altai, mountain paths that sometimes zigzag at dizzying heights, sometimes diving into the chaos of stone piles, crossings over roaring streams, sparkling glaciers. In addition, the unique Altai Mountains can offer rafting along wayward mountain rivers, overcoming rapids, rapids and waterfalls, climbing inaccessible mountain peaks and rock climbing, caving and off-road jeeping, paragliding and hang gliding, parachute jumping and much more.

The time from December to mid-March is a great time for winter sports lovers. Camp sites, ski bases and modern ski resorts, located in the most picturesque places of the Altai foothills, are equipped with everything necessary for a complete winter holiday. There are trails of any difficulty category, including illuminated ones for skiing in the dark, modern lifts, and equipment rental. Those who wish can go not only skiing, but also sledding, snowboarding, and also snowmobiling.

Perhaps the worst time to travel to the Altai Republic is the autumn months - September, October and November. Autumn in these places is an extremely cold and uncomfortable time of year, the weather is unstable, mostly gloomy days prevail.

Spring time - from mid-March to the end of May - is also not the best time to travel to this amazing land. The weather also ranges from heat to frost; in addition, being in the mountains in the spring is extremely dangerous; avalanches are often observed here at this time of year.

Tours to Altai

The temperate climate in Western Siberia is characterized by greater continentality compared to European Russia. The inflow increases, the annual air amplitude increases, and in the southern regions the climate becomes arid. To the east of the ridge, the influence completely weakens and continental ones predominate here. The climate of Western Siberia is more uniform than on the other side of the Urals on European territory.
During the cold period, cyclonic activity resumes in the north and cold continental air comes from Central Siberia, which makes the temperature regime unstable. In January, in most of Western Siberia, temperature fluctuations from day to day average 5°. (This phenomenon occurs in other regions globe almost never observed.) Winter is cold, the average temperature in January varies from -18° in the south to -28, -30° in the northeast. With light winter precipitation in the southern regions, the height is less than 30 cm. In the northeast, in the area of ​​the Upper Taz and Lower Yenisei uplands, where they are frequent, it increases to 80 cm.
In summer, cyclones develop over the entire territory of Western Siberia. Their number decreases from north to south. Cyclones from the European part of Russia and the Atlantic invade the northern regions. Cyclones come to the southern regions from the west and southwest (from the lower reaches, from the seas). The most intense cyclonic activity is observed between 54 and 60° N. w. During the summer period, 300 to 400 mm of precipitation falls here. To the north and south of this territory it decreases. In summer, arctic air arrives and turns into continental air. The influx of air increases dryness and enhances continentality to the south.

In most of Western Siberia the climate is humid. The zero isoline of the difference between precipitation and evaporation, which is the southern border of the forest, runs approximately along the line - Novosibirsk (56° N). The region of Western Siberia is the most waterlogged territory in Russia. There is a significant accumulation of surface water here, and the forests are swampy. Precipitation, the annual amount of which is 600 mm, in most parts of the territory exceeds evaporation by 100 - 200 mm. Much of the sun's heat is lost to evaporation. The averages vary from north to south from 14 to 18°. South of 56° N. w. cyclonic activity weakens and annual precipitation decreases to 350 - 400 mm. Possible evaporation exceeds precipitation, and the climate becomes arid. Dominate.

The material was found and prepared for publication by Grigory Luchansky