Business from scratch using recycled materials. Recycling as a successful business

Removal, processing and disposal of waste from hazard classes 1 to 5

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Every day, tons of waste is sent to landfill. Add to this industrial waste from the most different areas production - a blow to the environment is inevitable.

The way out of this situation was recycling. Most waste that has a recycling label on its packaging is sent to landfills. Although it is suitable for processing and reuse in the production of new products.

Reception points are organized for collection. Business on recyclable materials allows you to maximize the use of resources and reduce the growth rate of landfills, and this in turn is positive sign for the environment.

Kinds

Today, there are waste collection points, ranging from paper to chemical waste. Technologies make it possible to process even the most complex materials, including toxic substances. All recyclable materials are divided into several types, but the most famous and familiar are:

• Waste paper.
• Plastic.
• Glass.
• Scrap metal.

Waste paper

It represents waste from the production, processing and consumption of all types of paper, as well as cardboard. All paper products - newspapers, books, magazines and the like. This recyclable material, after processing, goes into the production of other paper products. It is worth making a reservation that glossy paper is not recyclable.

Cardboard is also recycled and cardboard products are made from it. The main advantage of using waste paper is reducing deforestation. It's the same good sign for the environment.

Plastic

Plastic is one of the most problematic materials in terms of recycling and the environment. PET bottles, packaging, films and bags - all this has long become part of everyday life. Add here the plastics used in production household appliances, cars and tools.

Plastic thrown into landfills will take centuries to decompose, releasing toxic substances and causing serious harm to the environment. Therefore, today the issue of plastic recycling is very relevant.

For any plastic container you can find a sign indicating what kind of plastic the product is made from. Thanks to this sign Subsequently, sorting is carried out various types plastic. Plastic recyclables are sent to further production other plastic products.

Glass containers

Every day glass containers are used in large quantities. These are all kinds of bottles, jars and other vessels. Glass containers have been accepted for quite a long time, and you can find a collection point in almost any area of ​​the city.

Further production from waste includes blowing glass products: bottles and glass blocks. Made from cullet fine sand for construction and even fertilizer.

Scrap metal

The scrap metal recycling business has great importance in ecology - the decomposition of metals causes serious damage to the environment. Like the use of other materials, the use of metal in life is very wide - from food packaging to mechanical engineering.

The need to recycle scrap metal arises not only for environmental reasons, but also for economic reasons. Metal resources are limited, and they are being depleted every year. Therefore, recycling is a business that allows you not only to make a profit, but also to reduce the burden on resource sources.

Reception and processing

In the West, the business of processing raw materials has reached a very high level. Waste is being actively sorted initial stage recycling. Reception of used raw materials has become commonplace. In residential areas, separate containers for glass, plastic and food waste. Plastic and glass bottles accepted in supermarkets. Recycling is a business that has been successfully developing for many years.

In Russia the situation is somewhat worse. Household waste is sent to a general container without being sorted. But still recycling collection points different types is in every city. They accept glass bottles, waste paper and scrap metal.

Gradually, they are starting to install garbage containers for plastic waste. Some retail chains accept used electrical appliances and batteries for recycling.

As mentioned above, production from waste covers many areas, from printing to chemical industry. Products made from recycled materials must be marked with a sign indicating that they are made from recycling. Some manufacturers indicate its percentage in the composition. This mark is also applied to products that are suitable for reprocessing.

Business on secondary raw materials

Recycling recycled materials can be more than just support ecological state, but also quite a profitable business. The main difficulty that entrepreneurs face is the reception of secondary raw materials.

It is quite possible to organize a collection point; to start, you need storage space and transport. But most people are not yet accustomed to sorting waste and continue to send all their garbage to bins.

• The most popular and developed direction is the acceptance of glass containers and cullet. Their further life can develop in several directions. Most often, glass is resold to recycling plants.
• The situation with waste paper is worse; the delivery and collection of this type of waste is not as well organized as glass, so huge volumes of paper and cardboard are sent to landfills. Only 14% of all paper waste are recyclable.
• Reception and processing of plastic is one of the most difficult areas. This happened due to the specific nature of recycling and processing of used plastic products, which require expensive equipment.
• Such a direction as reception is becoming more and more profitable aluminum cans from lemonade, beer and carbonated drinks.

As you can see, today the waste business is a very promising field of activity. It covers several important aspects. In addition to tangible profits, the acceptance of recycled materials and further processing allow you to improve environmental situation and reduce resource depletion.

Instructions

recyclable materials
- statement;
- passport and TIN;
- constituent documents of the individual entrepreneur;


recyclable materials;

Sources:

Items reception payments began to bring great income to their owners when the opportunity arose in addition to cellular communications They can also be used to pay for Internet, cable TV, public utilities and even fines imposed by the traffic police. At the same time, the organization of the point reception payments, as before, is not at all as expensive as one might imagine at first glance; even a novice entrepreneur can open it.

You will need

• 1. Registration of individual entrepreneur or legal entity
• 2. Agreement with the payment system
• 3. Renting a small space
• 4. Office equipment and mobile communications
• 5. Two cashier-operators of the collection point
• 6. One or more automatic payment terminals

Instructions

Select item format reception payments – there are two main methods, although they may well be combined at one point. The first is an automatic payment system, located on the street or in any place visited by people - a commercial or business cinema, or a cinema. The second method is accepting payments using, sending funds through a computer or mobile phone connected to a WAP site.

Enter into an agreement with a payment system that is a dealer - a variety of products for which you will accept payments. There are several such systems, standard conditions cooperation with each of them is different, as are the differences and technical means, used by each of them in their work. Before choosing, carefully study the offers of each system, looking for the most profitable option from the possibilities that you have.

Rent a small room in a busy place if you decide to set up a point reception payments with an operator sending information using a computer or telephone. Purchase office equipment and software that meets the requirements of your chosen payment system. It costs two shift cashiers to hire for this job.

Buy a payment terminal that will be located autonomously or inside your location where the operator works. In the second case, the terminal will significantly speed up the service process; in addition, nothing interferes, having its own stationary point reception, place in different places There are also several terminals. When choosing, pay attention to its resistance to temperature, as well as various external influences (“anti-vandal” equipment), and the number of available functions.

Video on the topic

Helpful advice

If you see that the terminal is bringing in little profit, try moving it to another location that may be more successful - without losing anything.

Remember that when choosing a terminal with a large number provided services that can be provided with its help, you choose a terminal that will “freeze” more often and need maintenance more than simple.

Sources:

• Article dedicated to business on payment terminals

While still schoolchildren, many of us collected waste paper and scrap metal. Now this is not a pioneering impulse of enthusiasm, but a completely grown-up business. Moreover, one of the most profitable: there is enough garbage and waste on our planet. Therefore, to open paragraph reception recyclable materials, no special investment required. True, if you want to legally engage in reception recyclable materials from the population, you will have to draw up a special package of documents.

Instructions

The registration period for a private legal entity or LLC usually takes no more than 5 days. If you plan to hire more than 15 people, then the extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs/Unified State Register of Legal Entities must indicate OKVED codes, in accordance with information about the main types of work. Registration of OKVED will take you from 2 to 4 days. Order stamps for your business.

Find and rent (or buy) a space (or several) where you can store and accept recyclables. Receive positive opinions on the satisfactory condition of the premises from the environmental expert commission, sanitary and epidemiological inspection and fire service.

Due to the fact that many types recyclable materials to class IV waste hazard, obtain a license from the local branch of Rostechnadzor to provide its reception. Submit the following documents:
- statement;
- passport and TIN;
- constituent documents of the individual entrepreneur;
- a list of waste (of all hazard classes - from I to IV), which you plan to receive;
- a copy of the environmental impact assessment report;
- copies of lease or purchase agreements for premises where collection will be made recyclable materials;
- a copy of the conclusion from the sanitary and epidemiological inspection on the proper condition of the premises.

Sources:

• how to start a business using recycled materials
• Business idea: How to open a scrap metal collection point?

Dry cleaning of the new, European style is not yet very common in Russian sphere household services enterprise, which is why the market for dry cleaning services is still far from saturation. Many experts, however, tend to believe that mini- dry cleaners in the near future they will become a popular alternative to home washing for representatives of not only the wealthiest strata of society, but also the middle class.

You will need

• - premises in a separate building with an area of ​​150 square meters;
• - a project agreed upon with a number of licensing authorities;
• - a set of equipment for mini-dry cleaning.

Instructions

Try to find a ready-made room that meets all the requirements for mini-equipment dry cleaners, so as not to invest too much in the construction of a new building from scratch. Dry cleaning can only be located on the ground floor, only in a separate building and only at a distance of 100 meters from residential buildings. In this case, of course, it would be wrong to take the dry cleaning to the industrial area, since the reception and delivery of items will have to be carried out in the same place where they are processed. Minimum room area for mini- dry cleaners together with point reception and delivery - 150 meters.

Make a project dry cleaners(it’s best to order it from a specialized company that carries out this type of work), and then coordinate it with representatives of the architecture and urban planning department of the city administration. It is also important that the project is approved by firefighters, that is, fire inspectors, and Rospotrebnadzor, which pays especially close attention to establishments of this type.

Study the market for mini-dry cleaning equipment, try to find options that suit you and contact potential suppliers. It’s worth looking for an economical option in the form of used cars only if you simply don’t have enough money for new equipment, but if you have the opportunity to purchase new technology Yes, it’s better to do this, because with it you will receive high-quality professional installation and warranty service. Minimum set of equipment for mini- dry cleaners includes two or three machines that process clothes using perchlorethylene, a cabin with a stain remover gun and several steam-air mannequins.

Secondary raw materials are products and materials, after their primary use, they can be used in production as raw materials. Recycled raw materials can be divided according to several criteria:

• application (unused or used);
• technologies (allowing or not allowing processing);
• state of aggregation(gaseous, liquid, solid);
• chemical composition(inorganic or organic);
• toxicity (non-poisonous or poisonous);
• place of use;
• by place of generation (production and consumption waste);
• size of volumes, etc.

Types of waste processed

According to " Sanitary rules for the collection, storage, transportation and primary processing of secondary raw materials,” as well as based on established practice, secondary raw materials are divided into the following types:

• liquid waste;
• waste containing mercury;
• batteries;
• rubber;
• instruments and other equipment containing precious metals;
• substandard and expired products;
• medical waste;
• textiles and footwear;
• waste paper;
• glass;
• animal bones;
• concrete and concrete production waste;
• hard polymer materials;
• radioactive waste.

Polymer materials

Recycled polymer materials are used in the manufacture of a wide range of products: from car parts to bottles. Production from recycled plastics helps meet market needs and reduce pollution environment, reduce production costs.

Concrete production waste

When working with concrete mixtures, fresh concrete remains in concrete trucks, mixers, pumps, machines, containers and forms. All this equipment is cleaned with water. Waste water includes:

• liquid chemical additives;
• cement laitance and water;
• inert fillers.

Radioactive waste

Radioactive waste is waste that includes isotopes chemical elements, not applicable in the existing condition. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has formulated the basic principles for radioactive waste management:

• Installation safety;
• Ecosystem protection;
• Health protection;
• Protection regardless of national borders;
• Interdependence of Education radioactive waste and handling them;
• Legal support at the national level;
• Comprehensive production control;
• Protection of future generations;
• Responsibility of future generations.

Shoes and textiles

Perhaps the oldest type of waste that has been recycled is textiles. Since time immemorial, ragpickers' carts have traveled all over the world. The rags were sorted to separate what could still serve the poor, and the actual waste that went into recycling. The fabrics were used to make paper back in China. The recipe was brought to Europe by Marco Polo during his first visit to the Middle Kingdom. Fabrics of different composition are subject to different processing. Thus, denim and other cotton waste are used in paper production. The fabric is crushed and soaked, and further production differs little from the use of cellulose, but does not cause damage to the Earth's biosphere.

Shoes are sorted according to a similar principle, taking into account the type of material with which they are sent for recycling.

Batteries and accumulators

Batteries and accumulators are recycled regardless of whether they can be recharged or the remaining charge of the battery. There are several specialized battery recycling plants in Europe according to the following classification:

• alkaline;
• nickel-cadmium;
• nickel metal hydride;
• lithium-ion.

The effectiveness of the processing process is determined by the ratio of the incoming and resulting material. At the same time, it is taken into account that final result influence the composition of the material and its combination with other substances and materials.

IN European countries up to 80% household waste returns back to production. In Russia, the system for collecting recyclable materials is being revived. This is economically beneficial for processors, and gives many entrepreneurs a good chance to open their own business with minimal investment in 2017.

 

About 4 million hectares of land are occupied in Russia garbage dumps, and it is no coincidence that 2017 has been declared the year of ecology. The federal budget includes funds for preferential lending for waste disposal activities. For those who are starting a business from scratch, ideas for collecting recyclable materials will be interesting, since this business does not require large investments, and the need of enterprises is constantly growing. Since there are a lot of varieties of “useful waste,” we will review the recyclable materials in demand in Russia.

What types of waste are in demand?

Expecting to open a business in 2017, you need to know what waste is of interest to existing producers in the city or region. Demand and prices for them are determined by actual and potential buyers. The most profitable is considered to be the processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass and waste paper (Table 1).

Table 1. Percentage of waste used as secondary raw materials. Based on materials from the study of the SSGA, Novosibirsk.

Type of recyclable materials	Inferred resources, million tons	Usage rate, %	Type of production	Share in the finished product, %
Scrap ferrous metals			steel foundry
Car tires (crumb rubber, reclaimed)			rubber
Blast furnace slag, thermal power plant, ash, mining and processing waste			Construction Materials(crushed stone, gravel, sand)
Plastic waste			products made from thermoplastic polymers
glass breaker
Waste paper			cardboard and paper

Recycled raw materials in Russia are used in almost all industries, and the demand for them is growing. Prices vary in different regions, they are determined by the needs of local producers.

1. Car tires.

This is one of the most promising directions to start a business from scratch, ideas in this direction deserve special attention. The volume of discarded tires in Russia in 2015 was about 940 thousand tons. More than 80% goes to landfill (of which 20% is burned), and only 17% is mechanically recycled. The content of usable components is shown in table. 2, potential market capacity - in Fig. 1.

More often worn tires processed into crumb rubber. The material is 2-3 times cheaper than synthetic rubber. The market is at an early stage of development, but prices have already formed, demand and stable supply have appeared. Certain requirements are imposed on the feedstock: the waste must comply with GOST 8407-89, it must be clean, have a residual layer of rubber, and intact sides. Typically, tires on rims, with studs, and mixed rubber-metal products are not accepted.

2. Waste paper

During 2013-2015, prices for waste paper increased by almost 60%; its export is currently prohibited, and sales are exempt from VAT. This is a traditional raw material in demand on the market; GOST 10700-97 has been developed for it. According to this document, the paper used is divided into 15 classes based on composition and 3 quality groups. The most expensive variety: white drawing, writing, copying (MS-1A), the cheapest - wallpaper, packaging, poster (MS-13B).

Raw materials are universally accepted for processing by factories producing:

1. paper, containers, corrugated cardboard packaging (relevant ones included);
2. linoleum, roofing insulating materials, vinyl leather;
3. toilet paper, napkins, disposable medical linen.

The quality requirements depend on the direction of recycling. The paper must be cleaned, sorted, packaged (pressed) into briquettes weighing 50 kg or more. This processing saves warehouse space and reduces transportation costs.

3. Scrap metal (ferrous and non-ferrous).

Most profitable business However, its organization is the most expensive of all types of recycling collection. This is due to the need to obtain a license; the rules and conditions for obtaining it, as well as handling scrap metal, are regulated by two main regulations:

1. on licensing of procurement, storage, processing - No. 1287, 12/12/2012;
2. on the handling of scrap and waste of non-ferrous metals - No. 370, 05/11/2001.

Procurement includes the purchase of scrap from individuals and organizations, transportation and sales. Mandatory requirements: drawing up acceptance certificates, monitoring for radioactivity and explosion safety. This entails the purchase of special equipment, training and confirmation of the qualifications of workers.

Licensing conditions, OKVED codes for ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals are different. This is a competitive type of activity, however, in regions with developed metallurgical and metalworking industries, it brings good income. The opportunity to open your own business in this area is simplified if you use a franchise offer, they are presented on the market.

4. Used batteries.

About 65% of the metal that is used in the production of new batteries is recovered from old batteries. The main part is lead (up to 17 kg), and in addition: nickel, zinc, cobalt, silver oxides. This is economically beneficial for enterprises, so the average acceptance prices for this type of recyclable materials are high. For example, in Novosibirsk there are more than 50 companies that buy batteries, and the cost ranges from 570 (45Ah) to 3,400 (220Ah) rubles.

Common places for battery collection: garage cooperatives, active roadways, transport companies, car repair services. Reception centers are usually located there and advertisements are posted there. If you consider that most car owners are simply too lazy to specifically look for a place to return a used battery, then they give them away for 150-200 rubles.

However, the collection and storage of batteries is subject to licensing. This is waste of hazard class 3-4, and work with it is regulated by two federal laws: No. 89-FZ (06.24.1998) and No. 99-FZ (05.04.2011). The license is issued to both the individual entrepreneur and the organization. It notes a specific type of activity, so you can limit yourself only to the collection of batteries, including their neutralization (draining the electrolyte).

5. Polymer waste (PET bottles).

This type of recyclable material is represented by waste plastic production, and household waste of the population. While 80% of the former go into recycling, used bags, packaging, and disposable tableware litter recreation areas and large and medium-sized cities everywhere. In the total volume of garbage, the share of plastic is more than 60-70%. The PET bottle holds the palm among polymers.

The main consumers are companies producing building materials, polyethylene film, and plastic household products. Demand for it clearly exceeds supply (Fig. 2). Acceptance prices depend on the quality, purity and degree of processing of the material. Thus, landfill waste costs 2-3 times lower than sorted household waste. The most primitive processing that PET undergoes:

• removing lids and labels;
• sorting by color;
• pressing into bags.

Inexpensive mini-plants for plastic processing significantly increase business profitability. For example, landfill PET waste is accepted at a price of up to 6 rubles/kg, LDPE waste - from 10 rubles/kg, washed and sorted used film - at 11-13 rubles/kg, and granules and agglomerate cost 25-35 rub/kg Despite the fact that the cost of a new film Russian production varies from 39 to 49 rubles/kg.

In fact, the plastic recycling market in Russia is just emerging. Experts estimate its potential at $150 million. From all types of polymer waste collection: collection points, separation from garbage, separate collection household waste - the latter is the most effective from an economic point of view.

6. Cullet and glass containers.

Along with waste paper, there are old and sought-after recyclables. Cullet took the place of solid glassware for a simple reason. Manufacturers have begun to produce bottles and cans that are so original that this makes them very difficult to reuse.

It is required always and everywhere. Two years ago, the Novosibirsk Ekran plant began opening collection points for recyclable materials from the population, since its shortage was holding back production. He needs up to 5 tons of cullet per month, but with the help of suppliers (including other regions) he manages to collect only 1.5-2 tons.

A collection point for glass containers justifies itself if, for example, a brewery is located nearby. Thus, Baltika uses up to 36% of recycled bottles. But cullet is even more profitable because it expands the list of potential suppliers. These could be companies that install window packages, or you can install containers for separate collection in yards. Glass makes up about 17% of household waste.

7. Computer scrap.

Old electrical equipment, computers, and telephones are in great demand, as evidenced by a simple request in Yandex (Fig. 3). At the same time, prices for scrap are very good (Fig. 4). This activity is usually carried out through intermediary firms that have appropriate licenses and are associated with raw material processors. They do the disassembly and sorting themselves, forming batches for delivery of quite large volumes (from 300 kg).

This is a good option for starting a business from scratch if you organize a reception point in a multi-storey residential area. In almost every apartment there is a lot of rubbish that has been lying around in the corners for years and is simply thrown into the trash. Simply because there is no place nearby where it can be rented out, even for little money.

The collection of equipment containing precious metals does not require licensing, but the company must be registered with the Assay Office. Therefore, in order to avoid obtaining permits at the first stage, you can operate under an agreement with one of these companies, having a representative office in your city or region.

Finally.

There are three main sources of recyclables:

• reception directly from the population,
• removal of defects and waste from organizations and enterprises;
• collection, transportation from landfills of solid waste.

The latter is the most stable, although its implementation will require concluding an agreement with the municipal housing and communal services service. It is necessary to provide for the costs of specialized equipment, which are usually small. In general, this activity does not require licensing, with the exception of work with scrap metal and hazardous waste(battery, mercury). It falls under the patent tax system - the most beneficial for small businesses.

We come across items made from recycled materials all the time - newspapers, disposable tableware, drywall, cardboard boxes and much more. The market for recycling and processing of secondary raw materials in Russia is developing quite quickly, making it possible to provide most of the production with cheap materials that are not inferior in quality. Recycling various types of plastic and paper is also one of the activities to improve environmental situation in the country.

LLC "Mosvtor LLC" on favorable terms and to the maximum high price accepts secondary raw materials in unlimited volumes for subsequent extrusion. We work 24 hours a day, we select for each client individual approach We guarantee professional and prompt service.

Classification of secondary raw materials

Recycled paper or plastic are some materials that can be reused. However, not all waste can become raw material for recycling; for example, oil-impregnated paper is not reused. In some cases, the raw material on the market may be products that have not been put into operation, for example, defective batches of textbooks.

Depending on what material is secondary raw materials, it can be used in different ways:

• the material for production can be completely or partially replaced by previously used raw materials;
• recycled waste is used to produce primary material for production, for example, plastic;
• processed raw materials are used in new technological processes.

Reception of raw materials for processing

Modern technologies make it possible to reuse secondary raw materials, increasing the share of recycled materials to 70% of the original volume. Our company accepts for processing on our own equipment such raw materials as:

• film waste of all types,
• waste paper,
• plastic.

The condition, shape, size of the raw materials do not matter. More detailed information about the conditions for accepting recyclable materials can be found on the company’s website or by calling a competent specialist. The materials accepted for processing are used to manufacture products for various purposes.

Prices for secondary raw materials

Recyclable materials are much cheaper than wood or polymers used for the first time. For manufacturers, this is an opportunity to reduce the cost of their products. In turn, organizations and individuals who use paper or polymer products in everyday life or corporate activities can earn money by sending waste for recycling.

The company "Mosvtor LLC" accepts paper and plastic waste, suitable for extrusion. Our own fleet of vehicles and production complex allows us to purchase materials without intermediaries, offering some of the best prices on the Moscow market. Call us, we will help you make our city cleaner by ridding it of garbage.