Business plan for waste and plastic recycling. Profitable recycling: How to build a waste recycling business

Contemporary issues related to processing household waste in Russia, are based on limited opportunities to return resources to natural and economic circulation. Running a business based on waste recycling is characterized by the rationality of investments with high degree payback and profitability. In addition, this business option does not require special knowledge.

Business relevance

According to the Ministry natural resources, average Russian family About 1.6 tons of household waste are thrown out annually, including more than 145 kg of plastic and almost 100 kg paper waste, as well as almost a thousand glass bottles. All this garbage is a potential source of raw materials for production activities in the waste processing industry. Waste recycling as a business in Russia is one of the most profitable and promising due to the following circumstances:

• the emergence of high-quality and affordable domestic equipment that allows you to process household waste in small production areas;
• annual expansion of the sales market.

In addition, the Ministry of Natural Resources plans to prohibit incineration of waste that may be suitable for further processing. Like any business, waste recycling requires initial financial investments and registration of all necessary title and permitting documentation.

Preparation of a package of documents

The first and most important document that allows you to engage in waste recycling as a business is obtaining a license from the Ministry of Environment. This document must be obtained once. The received license is valid for the entire duration of implementation entrepreneurial activity. Obtaining a license is quite simple. It is enough to register as or with a simplified taxation system and organize an environmental assessment, which issues a conclusion.

Next, a package of documents is collected, including title and project documentation for the premises used, as well as a business plan for waste processing, with a description of the production technology and permission from the fire inspectorate, SES, water and utilities. The process of collecting and confirming the entire package of documents takes about three months.

It is worth noting that a fairly convenient option is to order turnkey licensing. Firms involved in the preparation of such documentation work with both legal entities and individuals with individual entrepreneur status. The cost of such a service depends on the type of solid waste processed and the volume of production.

Of greatest interest is a mini-plant for waste processing based on crushing and sorting equipment, a business plan for the use of which is developed according to a standard scheme. The highest profitability is shown by a plant with a Russort production line, with a productivity of 10 tons and a power of 100 kW per hour.

Production premises and personnel

The construction of the plant requires the use of a relatively flat plot of land, the dimensions of which range from 55 by 30 to 80 by 40 meters. The location of production lines may vary depending on the type of access roads. The building must include a sorting room with an area of ​​about 10 by 7 meters. The plant area must be landscaped using road slabs and equipped with a protective net to prevent debris from scattering.

The standard staff of the main personnel, in addition to the manager, foreman and mechanic, includes a team of workers consisting of:

• sorting line operators;
• press line operators;
• hydraulic manipulator operators;
• drivers.

Five-day work week- 8 hour shift:

• number of workers - 21 people, including foreman and mechanic;
• processing volume per shift - 80 tons of solid waste;
• the volume of processing per year is 19 thousand tons of solid waste.

Five-day work week - 2 shifts of 12 hours:

• number of workers - 40 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
• processing volume per shift - 115 tons of solid waste;
• the volume of processing per year is 39 thousand tons of solid waste.

Seven-day work week - 24-hour operation:

• number of workers - 80 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
• processing volume per shift - 230 tons of solid waste;
• the volume of processing per year is 80 thousand tons of solid waste.

The work is carried out in four shifts, each with 19 workers, a mechanic and a foreman.

Equipment selection

Modern standards and requirements require equipping the complex with the following equipment:

• press for recyclable materials and “tailings”;
• hydraulic manipulator;
• container capacity of 15 cubic meters for broken glass;
• feeding and sorting conveyors;
• a basket for secondary raw materials with a volume of 8 cubic meters;
• hydraulic stacker and trolley with scales;
• a sorting booth of 168 square meters with twenty working sorting stations for sixteen types of waste;
• KAMAZ-multilift.

In addition, the area of ​​the frameless hangar should be about 430 square meters, including household compartments with locker rooms, showers and toilets, a manager’s room and a relaxation area for service personnel, as well as an individual boiler room.

Process technology

The technology used in solid waste processing plants may vary depending on the equipment and the final destination of the raw materials, but the main processes are standard and consist of the following steps:

• unloading garbage trucks at the unloading site;
• loading of waste mass onto the feed inclined conveyor belt using a hydraulic petal gripper of a hydraulic manipulator;
• lifting waste by the feed conveyor onto the sorting conveyor belt;
• manual sorting of waste with the selection of useful fractions that accumulate in special baskets;
• unloading the remaining mass into the press compactor, which is located near the end of the plant;
• compaction of waste into press containers;
• pressing of recyclable materials into special bales, ready for shipment to consumers.

Income/expenses and profitability

Starting investments:

• the cost of the mini-plant is 30 million rubles.

Economic indicators:

• annual volume of solid waste - 33 thousand tons;
• the annual volume of sorted recyclables is 5 thousand tons;
• capital investments for the acquisition of the plant - 30 million rubles;
• annual depreciation rate of fixed assets - 3 million rubles;
• annual diesel costs - 356 thousand rubles;
• annual transportation costs - 8.3 thousand rubles;
• annual equipment maintenance costs - 81 thousand rubles;
• annual costs for equipment repairs - 150 thousand rubles;
• annual payment for electricity - 650 thousand rubles;
• annual volume wages— 3.85 million rubles;
• annual payroll taxes - 1.1 million rubles;
• expenses for workwear - 48 thousand rubles.

Total expenses: 9.2 million rubles. in year.

• maximum consumption of secondary raw materials per ton is 1.8 thousand rubles;
• annual sales volumes of secondary raw materials, including VAT - 17 million rubles;
• profit before taxes - 8 million rubles;
• VAT -1.4 million rubles;

Income: 6 million rubles.

The estimated payback period is about three years.

Mini-plants for processing solid waste belong to the category of prefabricated ones, and the average construction time is about three months. A high-quality and reliable line for such an enterprise can be purchased for an amount of 30 million rubles, and inexpensive and modern construction solutions make it possible to minimize start-up costs.

The productivity of such production is standard conditions is about one hundred tons per shift, which is comparable in volume to twelve KAMAZ trucks of waste. With such indicators, the payback threshold does not exceed four years.

Purpose of this project is the creation of production, main activity which is the processing of waste with the further production of valuable fractions that are suitable for processing and subsequent compaction by 5-7 times and briquetting into blocks. The business plan provides calculations of investment and profitability for an enterprise with a capacity of 100,000 tons per year, and also assumes possible expansion into a network of processing complexes.

A business plan for waste recycling is an opportunity to assess the prospects for implementing a waste disposal project, reduce the environmental load, improve the sanitary situation, and comprehensively solve the problem of solid waste.

This business plan involves the creation production infrastructure for plastic processing, as well as the opening of production, the basis of which is the production of commercial secondary products: paving slabs, building and finishing structures, environmentally friendly insulation, packaging containers, compost, etc.

The introduced waste recycling technology makes it possible to return valuable secondary resources (paper, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, cardboard, plastic, glass) back into circulation, reduce the number of landfills and landfills, and simplify waste storage. The project has significant economic and environmental significance.

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Analysis of potential consumers and sales market

The problem of solid waste does not lose its relevance, since it is directly related to the normal life of the population, sanitary cleaning of cities, security environment and resource saving. The waste that is generated as a result of human activity is nothing more than a heterogeneous mixture of multi-level morphological composition. A city dweller annually produces more than 200-300 kg of waste. Delaying the removal and disposal process leads to global epidemics and serious urban pollution. The business plan suggests extracting maximum benefit from recyclable raw materials and make it an energy source.

The attractiveness of this type of activity is observed both in the category of private and larger-scale investment. Conducted research indicates that services and products of this enterprise will be in steady demand among production and procurement companies secondary resources, industrial enterprises and paper mills.

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Business case based on process features

As a result of recycling plastic waste, secondary polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyethylene and polypropylene are formed. Use recycled plastic Any enterprise whose activities are not related to the packaging of food and pharmaceuticals can.

Implementation recycled polyethylene carried out in the average price range from 8.8 to 18 rubles per 1 kg. Proper organization technological process makes it possible to obtain 0.8 kg of polyethylene from 1 kg of plastic. The entire mass of waste thrown out daily by the population consists of 25% food waste, 10% paper, 50% polymers, the rest is textiles, metal, glass and rubber.

Classic disposal methods this moment ineffective, potentially dangerous due to the occurrence of “landfill gas”, which provokes the greenhouse effect.

Methods for recycling various wastes

Solid waste in the form plastic packaging are the most difficult to process. There is currently talk about introducing a waste separation system, but the legislative framework does not regulate this process. Therefore, a business plan will help to analyze all prospects for creating primary capital in this segment and assess the opportunity to occupy a production niche.

Using a press for sorting and recycling solid waste, you can get 8 tons of waste paper, 1,000 kg of polymers, 200 kg of aluminum cans and plastic bottles within a month. A ton of recyclable materials is estimated: waste paper - 1,500 rubles, polymers - 9,000 rubles, aluminum cans- 15,000 rub. Such indicators allow us to expect production profits of 17,000-18,000 rubles per month.

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Technological features of the project implementation

The business plan involves the implementation of a project designed for an area of ​​600 m², including a processing workshop - 500 m² and a warehouse - 100 m². Each of the above premises must comply with the standards and requirements of sanitary and fire safety. Implementing these requirements will require a capital investment of $2,000 to $3,000. When choosing premises, preference should be given to the urban outskirts or industrial zone of the city; the minimum distance from residential buildings is 600 m.

To process solid waste, you need a sorting line, a crusher, a press, a storage hopper, a magnet and a number of other technical devices, the choice of which will depend on the scale of the enterprise and the investment base. When choosing between domestic and imported equipment, take into account the fact that domestic models are simple and economical to maintain, but are not inferior in performance, efficiency and versatility.

A special feature of solid waste processing is that it involves the use of manual labor. For this reason, even for a small enterprise, the business plan is designed for 40-50 service personnel. The shift work schedule involves working a shift of 10-15 people with an average salary of 15,000-20,000 rubles.

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Investment requirement of the project

The analysis allows us to conclude that the creation of an integrated waste processing enterprise requires an investment of 20 million dollars. Such a complex will make it possible to effectively process all types of solid waste, including rubber, plastic, wood, glass, paper, and metal. To organize a workshop whose activities are based on the disposal of one type of waste, about $150,000 is required.

Launching an enterprise of this type requires obtaining a number of permits. First of all we're talking about on a license from the Ministry of Environment, which allows for the collection and processing of solid waste. To obtain it, it is necessary to undergo an environmental assessment, the results of which are confirmed by an environmental report.

Having received this conclusion and design documentation and description technological processes processing plant, it is necessary to obtain permission from the city's municipal and water management, sanitary and fire service. It is mandatory to obtain permission from the waste department of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation to generate and dispose of waste on its territory. Obtaining permits and licenses takes about 4 months, which also takes into account the business plan.

IN European countries up to 80% of household waste is returned back to production. In Russia, the system for collecting recyclable materials is being revived. This is economically beneficial for processors, and gives many entrepreneurs a good chance to open their own business with minimal investment in 2017.

 

About 4 million hectares of land are occupied in Russia garbage dumps, and it is no coincidence that 2017 has been declared the year of ecology. The federal budget includes funds for preferential loans for waste disposal activities. For those who are starting a business from scratch, ideas for collecting recyclable materials will be interesting, since this business does not require large investments, and the need of enterprises is constantly growing. Since there are a lot of varieties of “useful waste,” we will review the recyclable materials in demand in Russia.

What types of waste are in demand?

Expecting to open a business in 2017, you need to know what waste is of interest to existing producers in the city or region. Demand and prices for them are determined by actual and potential buyers. The most profitable is considered to be the processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass and waste paper (Table 1).

Table 1. Percentage of waste used as secondary raw materials. Based on materials from the study of the SSGA, Novosibirsk.

Type of recyclable materials	Inferred resources, million tons	Usage rate, %	Type of production	Share in the finished product, %
Scrap ferrous metals			steel foundry
Car tires (crumb rubber, reclaimed)			rubber
Blast furnace slag, thermal power plant, ash, mining and processing waste			Construction Materials(crushed stone, gravel, sand)
Plastic waste			products made from thermoplastic polymers
glass breaker
Waste paper			cardboard and paper

Recycled raw materials in Russia are used in almost all industries, and the demand for them is growing. Prices vary in different regions, they are determined by the needs of local producers.

1. Car tires.

This is one of the most promising directions to start a business from scratch, ideas in this direction deserve special attention. The volume of discarded tires in Russia in 2015 was about 940 thousand tons. More than 80% goes to landfill (of which 20% is burned), and only 17% is mechanically recycled. The content of usable components is shown in table. 2, potential market capacity - in Fig. 1.

More often worn tires processed into crumb rubber. The material is 2-3 times cheaper than synthetic rubber. The market is at an early stage of development, but prices have already formed, demand and stable supply have appeared. Certain requirements are imposed on the feedstock: the waste must comply with GOST 8407-89, it must be clean, have a residual layer of rubber, and intact sides. Typically, tires on rims, with studs, and mixed rubber-metal products are not accepted.

2. Waste paper

During 2013-2015, prices for waste paper increased by almost 60%; its export is currently prohibited, and sales are exempt from VAT. This is a traditional raw material in demand on the market; GOST 10700-97 has been developed for it. According to this document, the paper used is divided into 15 classes based on composition and 3 quality groups. The most expensive variety: white drawing, writing, copying (MS-1A), the cheapest - wallpaper, packaging, poster (MS-13B).

Raw materials are universally accepted for processing by factories producing:

1. paper, containers, corrugated cardboard packaging (relevant ones included);
2. linoleum, roofing insulating materials, vinyl leather;
3. toilet paper, napkins, disposable medical linen.

From direction recycling quality requirements depend. The paper must be cleaned, sorted, packaged (pressed) into briquettes weighing 50 kg or more. This processing saves warehouse space and reduces transportation costs.

3. Scrap metal (ferrous and non-ferrous).

Most profitable business However, its organization is the most expensive of all types of recycling collection. This is due to the need to obtain a license; the rules and conditions for obtaining it, as well as handling scrap metal, are regulated by two main regulations:

1. on licensing of procurement, storage, processing - No. 1287, 12.12.2012;
2. on the handling of scrap and waste of non-ferrous metals - No. 370, 05/11/2001.

Procurement includes the purchase of scrap from individuals and organizations, transportation and sales. Mandatory requirements: drawing up acceptance certificates, monitoring for radioactivity and explosion safety. This entails the purchase of special equipment, training and confirmation of the qualifications of workers.

License terms, OKVED codes for ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal - different. This is a competitive type of activity, however, in regions with developed metallurgical and metalworking industries, it brings good income. The opportunity to open your own business in this area is simplified if you use a franchise offer, they are presented on the market.

4. Used batteries.

About 65% of the metal that is used in the production of new batteries is recovered from old batteries. The main part is lead (up to 17 kg), and in addition: nickel, zinc, cobalt, silver oxides. This is economically beneficial for enterprises, so the average acceptance prices for this type of recyclable materials are high. For example, in Novosibirsk there are more than 50 companies that buy batteries, and the cost ranges from 570 (45Ah) to 3,400 (220Ah) rubles.

Common places for battery collection: garage cooperatives, active roadways, transport companies, car repair services. Reception centers are usually located there and advertisements are posted there. If you consider that most car owners are simply too lazy to specifically look for a place to return a used battery, then they give them away for 150-200 rubles.

However, the collection and storage of batteries is subject to licensing. This is waste of hazard class 3-4, and work with it is regulated by two federal laws: No. 89-FZ (06.24.1998) and No. 99-FZ (05.04.2011). The license is issued to both the individual entrepreneur and the organization. It notes a specific type of activity, so you can limit yourself only to the collection of batteries, including their neutralization (draining the electrolyte).

5. Polymer waste (PET bottles).

This type of recyclable material is represented by waste plastic production, and household waste of the population. While 80% of the former go into recycling, used bags, packaging, and disposable tableware litter recreation areas and large and medium-sized cities everywhere. In the total volume of garbage, the share of plastic is more than 60-70%. The PET bottle holds the palm among polymers.

The main consumers are companies producing building materials, polyethylene film, and plastic household products. Demand for it clearly exceeds supply (Fig. 2). Acceptance prices depend on the quality, purity and degree of processing of the material. Thus, landfill waste costs 2-3 times lower than sorted household waste. The most primitive processing that PET undergoes:

• removing lids and labels;
• sorting by color;
• pressing into bags.

Inexpensive mini-plants for plastic processing significantly increase business profitability. For example, landfill PET waste is accepted at a price of up to 6 rubles/kg, LDPE waste - from 10 rubles/kg, washed and sorted used film - at 11-13 rubles/kg, and granules and agglomerate cost 25-35 rub/kg Despite the fact that the cost of a new film Russian production varies from 39 to 49 rubles/kg.

In fact, the plastic recycling market in Russia is just emerging. Experts estimate its potential at $150 million. From all types of polymer waste collection: collection points, separation from garbage, separate collection household waste - the latter is the most effective from an economic point of view.

6. Cullet and glass containers.

Along with waste paper, there are old and sought-after recyclables. Cullet took the place of solid glassware for a simple reason. Manufacturers have begun to produce bottles and cans that are so original that this makes them very difficult to reuse.

It is required always and everywhere. Two years ago, the Novosibirsk Ekran plant began opening collection points for recyclable materials from the population, since its shortage was holding back production. He needs up to 5 tons of cullet per month, but with the help of suppliers (including other regions) he manages to collect only 1.5-2 tons.

A collection point for glass containers justifies itself if, for example, a brewery is located nearby. Thus, Baltika uses up to 36% of recycled bottles. But cullet is even more profitable because it expands the list of potential suppliers. These could be companies that install window packages, or you can install containers for separate collection in yards. Glass makes up about 17% of household waste.

7. Computer scrap.

Old electrical equipment, computers, and telephones are in great demand, as evidenced by a simple request in Yandex (Fig. 3). At the same time, prices for scrap are very good (Fig. 4). This activity is usually carried out through intermediary firms that have appropriate licenses and are associated with raw material processors. They do the disassembly and sorting themselves, forming batches for delivery of quite large volumes (from 300 kg).

This is a good option for starting a business from scratch if you organize a reception point in a multi-storey residential area. In almost every apartment there is a lot of rubbish that has been lying around in the corners for years and is simply thrown into the trash. Simply because there is no place nearby where it can be rented out, even for little money.

The collection of equipment containing precious metals does not require licensing, but the company must be registered with the Assay Office. Therefore, in order to avoid obtaining permits at the first stage, you can operate under an agreement with one of these companies, having a representative office in your city or region.

Finally.

There are three main sources of recyclables:

• reception directly from the population,
• removal of defects and waste from organizations and enterprises;
• collection, transportation from landfills of solid waste.

The latter is the most stable, although its implementation will require concluding an agreement with the municipal housing and communal services service. It is necessary to provide for the costs of specialized equipment, which are usually small. In general, this activity does not require licensing, with the exception of work with scrap metal and hazardous waste(battery, mercury). It falls under the patent tax system - the most beneficial for small businesses.

Once upon a time, a wise man in the financial field said that money can be obtained from everything, even from those things that lie under our feet.

As practice has shown, he was right, since waste recycling is very profitable business, if you look at it in more detail. The main factor in the relevance of this business lies in all its aspects, starting from positive influences on the environment and ending with making big profits.

The essence of the waste recycling business

There is virtually no competition in the waste recycling market. The positive advantages in this area are that local authorities talk a lot about waste recycling, but they do practically nothing about it, but at the same time, they are under pressure from higher authorities. As a rule, the waste recycling industry is practically not funded, so the local administration always supports such ideas, helps to find industrial premises and provides financial support.

The volumes of production raw materials are not limited. Analytical data from experts suggests that on average a person throws out up to 250 kilograms of garbage per year, with 25% being food waste, 15% being paper, and the remaining waste consisting of metal, textiles, rubber, plastic and other valuable materials for industry. materials.

It is possible to create a waste processing plant, but it is an expensive and labor-intensive process. According to experts, investments in such a processing industry range from several tens of millions to hundreds of millions of rubles. It’s a completely different matter if you take as a basis not a plant, but a workshop.

In this case, investments will be an order of magnitude smaller and amount to about 1,800,000 rubles, and the profit will be no less than when creating an entire plant. It is worth noting that standard scheme Waste disposal is not at all environmentally friendly and poses some danger to the environment, since during disposal there is an accumulation of gases from rotting or combustion. This trend leads to the fact that the authorities have a positive attitude towards any ideas for processing food and household waste from the population and enterprises.

Despite the many positive factors, this business has disadvantages. Entrepreneurs, starting to engage in recycling, are faced with problems such as delivery and sorting of waste, but even here, with the right approach, an adequate solution can be found.

Obtaining permission to create a waste processing workshop

When organizing a waste recycling business, there are many general points, as well as a scheme for obtaining permission to operate that is identical for many CIS countries. In the process of creating a business, you must obtain a license to collect solid household waste and process it. The procedure for obtaining it is quite simple. The head of the future organization is required to organize an environmental assessment, through which a conclusion is issued once and for all.

Having received the expert opinion, the manager is required to collect all documentation, certificates, design documents for the premises, documents describing the production technology, and also obtain permits from fire departments and other authorities. In addition, you will need to obtain permission to generate solid waste on the territory of your future enterprise. Collecting and confirming documentation takes 2-4 months of work, as well as up to 24,000 rubles.

Industrial premises for business

The second most important step is to find a room. The average area of ​​waste processing production should be at least 600 square meters, where 300-400 sq.m. – these are processing shops, and 100-200 sq.m. – warehouses. In addition to industrial buildings and structures, it is necessary to acquire administrative premises, which can be rented both on the premises of the workshop and separately. Each of the premises should be equipped in accordance with regulatory standards and requirements, in accordance with fire and sanitary safety. This procedure requires from 6,000 to 9,000 rubles.

Waste recycling does not require the manager to search for a specific location, but if you locate the workshops near the city landfill, then you will be able to save not only on the delivery of raw materials, but also on renting premises.

Waste sorting equipment

When purchasing equipment, you should pay attention that its cost is from 1,500,000 rubles. The most minimal equipment includes a sorting line, a storage hopper, a crusher, a magnet and a press. As additional equipment for waste sorting, you can purchase a melting furnace, which significantly increases the cost of the project. The most popular equipment, due to its availability and functionality, is created by domestic manufacturers.

Workers and staff

The essence of the recycling business household waste is that 50% of it consists of manual labor. Process of sorting, selection, calibration and many others production stages occurs through the work of employees. As a rule, they work in shifts of 10-15 people. The average number of such workers varies from 20 to 40 depending on the volume of business. In addition to production workers, do not forget that for the quality functioning of your enterprise you will need an accountant, driver, manager and cleaner.

Supply of raw materials

To ensure that your enterprise is always provided with a supply of waste, the easiest way is to enter into an agreement with the management of local landfills. This procedure does not cause any problems if there is permission to collect and process solid waste. In addition, you can enter into agreements with representatives of packaging collection points and plastic waste. Thus, recycling waste will not cause any problems, since ready-made and sorted waste can be obtained at a price of 1 to 5 rubles per kilogram. Everything will largely depend on the specifics of your future workshop. Among other things, local supermarkets, which have large volumes of cardboard and plastic boxes, as well as film, stretch and paper, can become reliable suppliers of raw materials.

Financial plan

Having considered all the main aspects associated with opening a waste processing plant, it is advisable to move on to figures that will fully show the profitability of this business. Based on practice, existing enterprises main task which is processing and sorting waste, during one shift they are capable of processing from 3 to 5 tons of waste paper, up to 1.5 tons of polymer raw materials, as well as up to 250 kilograms of plastic containers.

Price of one ton of pressed raw materials various types, varies on the market from 9,000 to 45,000 rubles. The average monthly profit of such an enterprise from the sale of pressed recycled materials ranges from 150,000 to 3,300,000 rubles, which fully justifies the profitability indicators in this segment, which are about 50%.

Thus, the business of collecting and processing waste waste is highly relevant for implementation. Naturally, the initial investment is significantly higher than that of hairdressers and flower shops, but the profits made are worth giving it a try.