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Camouflage: types and colors, countries in which they are used. Winter and summer camouflage: how military clothing has taken root in everyday life

Camouflage is camouflage. Camouflage allows you to hide an object or person located in natural conditions, due to visual changes in color and shape. That is why from materials that imitate color natural objects, strive to make clothing for the military, as well as for hunters.

The camouflage camouflage effect is achieved due to the fact that with correctly selected colors and patterns, an object with clearly defined contours is broken down into a chaotic accumulation of spots, some of which will be a natural color for the area, while others will simply be lost among the general background.

The right camouflage shade is one that matches the shades prevailing in a particular area. That is, each of the colors of spotted camouflage used must correspond to the prevailing colors of the territory where it will be used (taking into account their seasonal changes) - then the desired effect will be achieved, and the person or object will not be visible.

Using the wisdom of nature

Observing the behavior of animals, how they appear and disappear seemingly from nowhere, a person realized that the optimal option for passive protection is precisely correct selection clothes and their colors. This is how the development of special camouflage for military purposes and hunting began.

Just like animal skins, it can have different colors and shades. It all depends on the terrain in which it will be used. Thus, it is reasonable for security, riot police and any units working in urban conditions to be disguised in shades of asphalt and concrete, and therefore the urban uniform has predominantly gray tones.

It is better to use in forests and fields green camouflage, in deserts - yellowish and so on. If a unit is planning to be sent to fight in any specific conditions, and the terrain is known in advance, they usually try to issue camouflage in the appropriate shades so that its use is appropriate. In many cases, this form is used together with special paints for the face, which help blur its contours - as a rule, it is the head that unmasks a person, since its outlines are too recognizable.

Some camouflage patterns:

Sometimes, in addition to camouflage, local plants are also used to make the camouflage more realistic - they can be attached directly to clothing. This practice is often used by snipers who occupy a static position - the person even camouflages the weapon so that the shine does not give it away. And as a result, it completely merges with the terrain, turns out to be a natural part of it, is perceived as a small bump, or remains completely invisible. Camouflage nets and other auxiliary camouflage elements also perfectly help hide both people and objects on the ground.

Natural camouflage

Nature itself taught this method of passive defense. Many animals do not run away at the sight of a predator, but simply hide and successfully avoid the threat:

	Moth can carry out daytime on a tree trunk and literally dissolve against the background of the bark, invisible to birds and insectivorous animals.			Deer and other animals can also successfully camouflage themselves in grass or leaf litter that hides them.

	Predators also use similar means - among the sun-scorched grass, bushes and branches, they instantly dissolve.			The hare molts twice a year to match the color of the area - for the same purposes.

How does camouflage work?

An important aspect of the advisability of using camouflage is not only the color, but also the size of the spots, as well as their mutual arrangement. It’s ideal when they allow you to not only blur, but also break, literally “break” a person’s silhouette. Completely distorted body contours do not allow the enemy’s vision to “assemble” the silhouette anew, and even the most developed imagination and intuition turn out to be useless.

Camouflage is, of course, very useful, but when using it, a person must also know in what conditions it will work especially effectively. Natural shadow helps to break the silhouette into shades and spots - the lack of light and additional spotting together create an ideal camouflage.

Also, a person who wants to remain invisible should not make sudden movements, and, if possible, try not to move at all. You should not give yourself away through sounds (talking, coughing, sneezing), smells (tobacco, perfume) or any other means. If you need to move, you should use natural shelters and do not move in full height, periodically lie behind obstacles, and then the camouflage will fully justify its purpose.

These rules are especially important to know and follow for a hunter who usually uses civilian camouflage. A person who decides to compete with animals in this regard must be extremely careful, choose clothes according to the time of year and the colors prevailing in the area.

History of modern camouflage

In military practice, modern typical multi-color camouflage began to be actively used at the beginning of the twentieth century, and during the Second World War it was used together with single-color: it was mainly issued to snipers, Luftwaffe and SS special forces soldiers, and paratroopers.

During these times, humanity became aware of all the advantages of a multi-colored military suit; everyone was clearly convinced that it was not a luxury, and indeed turned out to be much more effective than a plain one. Today the troops use exactly these camouflage fabrics- multi-colored. Camouflage clothing made from them makes a person invisible on the ground with minimal effort on his part - and this has been proven in numerous local wars past and present centuries.

Camouflage allows you to hide your positions and even equipment from the enemy, remain invisible, and, therefore, alive. Over the past decades, a huge number of shades and patterns have been tested, and currently only the most effective fabrics are used in troops around the world, capable of literally dissolving a person on the ground so much that he turns into a real invisible man.

Camouflage in modern fashion

If we look at military-style clothing - namely, stylized, and not real army clothing, you can see even more types and colors of camouflage. It turned out that multi-colored fabrics with blurry patterns are not just practical in war field conditions, but also very beautiful. By making the colors just a little brighter, and sometimes even using “military” fabric with its typical coloring, you can create very stylish things.

And real army clothes different countries, and military-style items remain equally fashionable and relevant these days. They are practical and almost always look neat - the spots are lost among the washed-out coloring. From the point of view of hunters, camouflage items have no equal at all - they allow people to successfully engage in their favorite craft.

In warfare, it is important to remain invisible. Camouflage serves these purposes: it allows both people, equipment, and structures to blend into the environment and be invisible to the enemy.

Camouflage colors of Russia

IN modern Russia The armed forces use many types camouflage colors, this is primarily due to big amount geographical and climatic zones. The main color is KZS or popularly “Birch”. The colors Reed and Flora are also very common.

Summer and winter camouflage colors

In addition to summer camouflage, there are winter colors, which are based on White color. And the additional ones are already under the surrounding terrain: forest, reeds, dark spots. In addition to suits, camouflage suits are also used, which are put on top. In addition to the military, such clothing is used by hunters, gamekeepers, fishermen, as well as those who are interested in airsoft.

Pixel camouflage colors

Pixel color camouflage, or as it is also called number, uses a slightly different principle. It seems to break the silhouette of a person into separate fragments, and allows them to dissolve in the area. These colors also work even in motion. However, there are also several disadvantages; the number must be very well matched to the surrounding colors.

NATO camouflage

NATO equipment is based on camouflage known as Woodland and its various modifications. It is based on two colors, brown and black, and the background is selected based on the geography of use, most often it is green or light brown.

One of the very popular methods of car tuning today is painting it in camouflage. Military style motifs are becoming more and more relevant in design solutions for various directions, apparently due to the fact that it fully reflects the modern pulse of life. If you look at it, camouflage on a car can serve two opposing purposes. On a hunter's or fisherman's car, this is a means of camouflaging vehicles in wildlife. In a peaceful city, such a color is a way to stand out, attract attention, and show your style and worldview. Cars in camouflage look stern and brutal, arousing respect and admiration.

Custom car painting - camouflage

Like any other pattern, camouflage may well carry an aesthetic meaning or be a purely functional means of camouflage. Depending on the assigned tasks and types of terrain, the vehicle may be coated with different kinds camouflage - they will be discussed below.

Geometric camouflage

The geometric (or chopped) look was created in order not so much to hide the object, but to break its silhouette into sections with chopped geometric shapes different shapes and size. Being painted in this way, the car is very difficult to visual assessment in respect of actual sizes and outlines. Typically the colors used here are white, gray and black.

Originally created for military purposes, this pattern is very popular among designers today. By adding areas with an unexpected color, for example, blue, pink or purple, you can create very aesthetically interesting car color options.

Geometric camouflage on cars

Pixel art

Pixel (or digital) camouflage is visually similar to the arrangement of pixels on a computer monitor. It is also called “destructive” - it blurs the silhouette of the car, hiding its movement on the ground. If we are talking about camouflage, there are special instructions that determine the ratio of spots different color. The colors themselves are determined based on the area in which the object operates.

Pixel art can be used in urban areas, in mountains or deserts, as well as in some types of forests. For rocky mountains and urban areas, gray-white and black are used.

Sand-colored spots are appropriate in the desert, that's obvious. For forest areas, green with brown, black colors are chosen.

Pixel art on a car

Forest view

The most common pattern among those who camouflage a car for functional purposes is forest. It prevails here green color and its different shades. Brown and black colors are added to it. The forest pattern uses flowing lines and soft transitions to blend seamlessly with the forest foliage.

Those who use this design for purely aesthetic purposes can make it in any colors: acidic, purple, pink, etc. It all depends on taste and flight of fancy.

Car camouflage painting - forest look

Winter drawing

It is quite natural that there are types of camouflage for a car in snowy winter conditions. Here the predominant color is white, to which are added gray-blue stains. The winter version can be made both in the form of smooth lines and transitions, and in a “chopped” design.

Sometimes black can be added to a winter pattern - smooth dark spots and lines dilute the white and mask well if the snow cover is not solid.

As a rule, this variety has a purely practical value - few people choose it for the aesthetics of the car and self-expression. Most often it is in demand among hunters living in the northern regions of the country. Sometimes white camouflage used by those who like to hunt in winter time, and who is not too lazy to change for this appearance your car.

Winter camouflage

Hunting civilian camouflage

Varieties of patterns have been developed for hunters that have nothing to do with the military style. This is a solid foliage background of green or gray-yellow color. This option looks very stylish on jeeps - it seems like it was created just for them. There are pattern options that imitate the jungle, coniferous and deciduous forests, grass of the steppes and savannas.

This color looks very stylish and is at the same time an excellent remedy camouflage and a stylish design solution for car styling.

Car painting - “hunting” camouflage

Desert Storm

One of the very common varieties is the desert pattern. It prevails here yellow and various variations on its theme. Simulates a sandy surface. These can be smooth transitions, lines and a digital pixel version.

This pattern is quite often used in regions where there are sandy deserts. You can decorate your car in such a style that it feels harmonious in the context of the surrounding landscape.

Desert Storm car camouflage

Type of varnish

Two types of varnish can be used to varnish camouflage vehicles:

with a glossy effect;
with a matte effect.

If camouflage color interests you in a practical sense, then glossy varnish is definitely not suitable. The shine of the body in no way contributes to effective camouflage. Therefore, if you are a hunter, fisherman or military man, do not hesitate to use only a matte finish for your car.

If you are interested in a design effect, rely on your taste. It all depends on your preferences and tastes. Both glossy shine and matte restraint are allowed. But if you want to create the image of a brutal adventurer, then you should still give up glossy varnish.

Conclusion

Camouflaging a car can pursue different, sometimes completely opposite, goals. This may be a desire to camouflage the car in hunting conditions. wild beast, For example. Or, conversely, the desire to stand out from the crowd, to look cool and stylish.

There are many varieties and variations of camouflage patterns. They are created for different conditions, landscapes and produce different visual representations.

When choosing the type of pattern for styling your car, first of all, decide what goals you are pursuing. And only after that decide to choose one or another pattern.

Reading time: 4 minutes

Camouflage fabric is a fabric of a special color that allows you to “break” the silhouette of an object (object or person) covered with it, and make it less noticeable or distort its shape and pattern of movement.

The fabric borrowed this property from nature - many species of animals, birds and fish have a protective color, with the help of which they become less vulnerable to enemies or less noticeable to a potential victim. Also, almost all animals have color and surface structure (and sometimes body shape) that are in harmony with their environment.

Translated from French camouflage ( camouflage) means "disguise".

The use of camouflage began in ancient times. Thus, for hunting, American Indians made clothes from animal skins or attached leaves and grass to their bodies.

Camouflage fabrics began to be used as military equipment relatively recently - at the end of the 19th century. British colonial troops in India began wearing khaki (meaning "khaki" in Hindi). dusty"). This is a color of earthy brown, yellow-green “dusty” shades. Since then, this color has been used in military uniforms in almost all countries of the world as a type of camouflage.

Varieties of camouflage and colors

Further for each area and depending on the season and weather conditions created its own colors. It assumes not only suitable shade, but also a certain pattern. The main large groups are waterproof camouflage fabric “Forest”,“Jungle”, “Desert”, “Winter”, “City”, “Summer” camouflage.

First spotted camouflage The military costume (chameleon) was created and patented in 1939 by the artist Vladimir Baranov-Rossine.

In the USSR before the Second World War, the Amoeba color scheme was used - a khaki or green background with black or dark brown spots.

The modern camouflage colors of the Russian Armed Forces are “Digital Flora” or “Pixel”. It was created in 1984. Outwardly, it looks like a configuration of pixels from a monitor screen, enlarged many times, applied to fabric. Tone from light green to dark brown. This pattern does not allow the eye to “catch” on an object and determine its shape, distance, and movement. For video surveillance systems or photographic equipment, a person in this form will be just a blurry spot.

Properties

In addition to camouflage properties, camouflage fabrics must have characteristics that also meet the conditions in which they are used. The main ones are:

strength;
high hygienic qualities;
waterproof;
windproof properties;
resistance to external influences (UV radiation, high temperatures, salty water, chemical weapon etc.).

All these indicators vary depending on specific needs.

summer camouflage: “TC” fabric

What material to choose from

The basis for applying a camouflage pattern is usually synthetic or mixed fabrics. They can be of different densities.

Oxford

It is mainly used for sewing jackets, suits, and tents. Consists of polyester or nylon. It has a characteristic fabric texture - in a square - due to the interlacing of matting threads. Clothing made from Oxford is durable, does not blow out and retains heat, and is resistant to chemicals.

Rip stop

Tear-resistant fabric. Even if a cut or puncture occurs on it, it will not tear further. This property camouflage fabric has thanks to polyester threads that pass through cotton base and form a kind of reinforced lattice. At the same time, clothing made from this material remains quite light, breathes well, and does not allow water to pass through when using special impregnations. Jackets, raincoats, backpacks and tents are also made from it.

Greta

This is a mixed camouflage fabric It has gained popularity due to the fact that it is woven in such a way that the reverse side is made of cotton, and the front part consists of polyester fibers. This way the clothes remain soft and pleasant to the body inside, absorb sweat, dry quickly, and repel dirt and water.

Polarfleece

For winter species Camouflage uses polyester fiber woven in such a way that air chambers remain inside it. The top of such material can be finished with water-repellent impregnation or duplicated with another material. Polar fleece provides excellent warmth, is easy to clean, and weighs little.

Sorochechnaya

T-shirts, T-shirts and thin trousers in camouflage colors are made from a mixture of cotton or viscose and polyester. Such lightweight products have good hygienic properties, are practical and comfortable.

Membrane

Also in civil and military equipment use a membrane with a masking pattern applied on top. Membrane clothing is easy to move and protects well from cold, wind and rain. From above it does not allow moisture to pass through, but it removes all body evaporation well, so the clothes underneath always remain dry and the person does not freeze.

After making the fabric, a background of the desired shade is applied to it, and after that the stains are applied. When determining the composition of dyes, reflection indicators are taken into account. For each area, the geometric structure of the spots, their shades and saturation are individual and are calculated by specialists.

Areas of application

The main areas of application of camouflage fabrics were and remain the army and the military industry. They are still used for sewing military uniform for many military units, as well as covering covers for special equipment.
Also, such materials are actively used for the production of protective, uniform and workwear, suits and equipment (backpacks, tents, shoes and hats) for fishermen, hunters, and tourists.
Thanks to its non-marking colors, it is widely used as outer work clothing for construction workers. Sometimes supplemented with reflective elements.
In the entertainment industry, camouflage is used to produce clothing for military sports games (paintball, airsoft, etc.).
In the 60s of the last century in the United States, military camouflage became fashionable among the civilian population. Initially, the goal was to attract the attention of the population and protest against wars. Interest in such clothing quickly faded, but was revived in the 80s and since then it has regularly appeared in the fashion collections of popular designers. Jackets, raincoats, coats, sweaters and accessories (scarves, bags) in the military style are made from camouflage. For this purpose, softer and more comfortable materials are used, such as knitwear, jeans, silk, and wool. In addition to the military “protective” colors in Everyday life Other types of camouflage are also popular: leopard and zebra. A less aggressive style is the “safari” style; it also uses all shades of the first camouflage pattern - khaki.

Camouflage fabric is an indispensable material in military affairs, serving as protection for people and equipment. It has also firmly established itself in the fashion world and, together with the corresponding accessories, helps create unique images for men's, women's and even children's wardrobes.

" is a spotted or pixelated camouflage color used to reduce visibility in environment clothes of people, equipment, weapons and other objects due to blurring and breaking the silhouette of an object or person. Camouflage is designed and used to make it difficult for the enemy to recognize the outlines of a person or equipment on the ground when using visual, photo, or optoelectronic detection methods.

The coloring of camouflage, as a rule, is a multicolor (2-4 colors) spotted pattern or design (large or small spots of various colors), blurring and distorting the outlines of the fighter.

For the first time in the world, camouflage appeared in the “Khaki” coloring during the Boer War (1899-1902) - this war was fought for the independence of the Transvaal from England. The British at that time wore red uniforms, which is why they suffered heavy losses compared to the Boers, who knew how to use the terrain around them for camouflage. As a result, the British army was dressed in a marsh-colored uniform (“khaki”). Then camouflage began to be actively used various armies and during the Second World War, Germany had about 30 different camouflage colors in service, some of which later migrated to Soviet army(example: “birch” camouflage, which is used and modernized to this day.

From the time of Cold War Camouflage is usually divided into five large groups:
- “Forest” - “Woodland” - used mainly in Europe and America;

- “Desert” - “Desert” - used in North Africa and Central Asia:
- “Jungle” (tropical) - “Tropical Uniform” - used in South-East Asia, South America;
- “Winter” - actually himself winter camouflage, in which white colors predominate.
- “Bush” - “Bush” - used in Southern Africa, there are very few types of this camouflage, due to the limited terrain and countries.

Since the 1960s, the development of types of camouflage began to occur at a rapid pace and at the moment there are a huge number of types and colors of camouflage, ranging from military to commercial options. But at the same time, it is necessary to understand that there is no universal camouflage in principle; therefore, each color was created and designed to work only in environmental conditions and seasons specific to it.

There are several types of colors and names of camouflage types:

Army camouflage (Army camouflage used by the military of different countries);

Commercial camouflage (Commercial camouflage - those color variations that were not included in army units into service for any reason, and for this moment are produced by certain companies (factories) exclusively for independent military units and fans of hunting or tactical games. Commercial types of camouflage also include variations of existing army colors, from which additional colors were excluded, or, conversely, added).

Army camouflage of the Armed Forces of Russia and the USSR:

Digital Russian camouflage (Digital flora):

New pixel camouflage for the Russian Armed Forces.

VSR-98 Flora (Armed forces Russia-98 Flora):

It has been the main Russian combined arms camouflage since 1998 (based on the official designation). Camouflage "Flora" camouflages a person very well in central Russia. Because of its characteristic stripes, Flora was nicknamed “watermelon” camouflage. Available in three variations.

VSR-93 (Armed Forces of Russia-93):

He is also a “vertical”. Russian camouflage 1993 model.

Butane (Oak):

Aka “Dubok” This camouflage was developed in 1984. This pattern breaks up the silhouette of a person well at various distances against the background of vegetation.

Silver leaf 1957):

Camouflage “Silver leaf”, also known as “Birch” and “sunbeams”, as well as “border guard camouflage”. Camouflage with a deforming pattern, model 1957. Excellent for camouflage in deciduous forests middle zone Russia.