Climate zones of Canada. Weather in Canada by months

Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russian Federation. The northern outskirts of the country are beyond the Arctic Circle, in the south it borders on the United States. The majority of the population of Canada lives in the southern regions of the state, as there climatic conditions are more convenient for life. In the northern regions, the population density is quite low.

Basic information about Canada

The political system of the state is a constitutional monarchy. Nominally, the country is ruled by the Queen of Great Britain, in fact, by the Canadian Parliament headed by the Prime Minister. Officially, the state did not declare its full independence, just like Australia. The area of ​​the country is 9984 thousand square meters. km. The population of Canada is 34 million people. The state capital is Ottawa. Canada is a federal country made up of ten provinces and three territories. State languages two: English and French. Canada's economy is diversified, based on the trade in natural resources.

Geographical position

Canada is the only country in the world whose shores are washed by three oceans - the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Arctic. For this reason, it has a very long coastline. In the south, the state borders on the United States, and in the north it deepens beyond the Arctic Circle. The highest point in the country is the city of Logan, located in northwestern Canada at an altitude of 5961 m.

The rocky Pacific coast is indented by fjords and fenced off from the main territory by the St. Elias mountain range, the Beregovoy and Boundari ridges. Prairie stretches from the southern borders to the Atlantic. On the coast of the Atlantic Ocean there are hills and vast plains. The Hudson Bay region and the entire polar territory of the country are represented by large plains, on which there are several thousand swampy rivers and lakes.

Climate of Canada

The climate in the country is mostly temperate and subarctic. average temperature in January, it fluctuates from minus 35 degrees in the northern regions of Canada to +4 on the Pacific coast, which is located in the south. The average July temperature in the southern regions is +21, and in the north +1 degree. In Canada, annual rainfall ranges from 150 mm in the north to 2500 mm in the south.

The climate of the country is quite diverse, and this is due to the large area of ​​the country. In a huge part of Canada, the climate is continental, in the extreme west and east it is maritime, and in the south it is subtropical. In most of the country, 4 seasons are clearly expressed: winter, spring, summer, autumn. Climatic conditions and temperatures vary in many regions depending on the seasons. In winter it is quite cold, and in summer it is very hot. In Canada, the temperature is officially measured in Celsius, unlike the same United States, where the Fahrenheit scale is used.

Population of the country

Canada's population density is quite low. The country is characterized by uneven distribution. In the vast territory of the northern regions, the density is no more than one person per 5-10 square meters. km. The main population of Canada (more than 90%) lives on a small strip that runs along the border with the States. This area, with its temperate climate, is more convenient for normal life.

The total population of Canada is a little over 30 million. The bulk are the descendants of European settlers: Anglo-Saxons, Germans, French-Canadians, Italians, Dutch, Ukrainians, etc. The indigenous people of the country - Indians and Eskimos - during the period of colonization were forced out to the northern regions. V this moment their total number is just over 200 thousand and continues to gradually decrease.

The main population of Canada is represented by Anglo-Canadians and French-Canadians. This is due to the fact that it was England and France who fought among themselves for the colonization of this country. The rest of the nationalities inhabiting Canada are quite small.

Religion and linguistic features

More than 80% is the Christian population of Canada. Of these, 45% are Catholics, 11.5% are parishioners of the United Church of Canada, 1% are Orthodox, and 8.1% are adherents of the Anglican and other Protestant churches. Slightly more than 10% of Canadians profess Baptism, Adventism, Lutheranism and other Christian denominations. Muslims, Jews, Buddhists, Hindus - all together occupy 4% of the total population. The unbelieving population of Canada is 12.5%.

The country has adopted the concept of bilingualism. Government publications are printed in English and French. The latter is most common in the province of Quebec. At the moment, the total proportion of residents of French origin is approximately 27% of the total population, British - 40%. The remaining 33% is a group that includes residents of mixed origin: Anglo-French and a mixture of speakers of these languages ​​​​with the indigenous population, as well as people of other European nationalities. V Lately A lot of Asians and Hispanics are moving to Canada.

Difference in weather in canada determined by the huge size of the country - Canada stretches from north to south from 80 to 43 parallels northern latitude! In the very north of Canada, the climate is polar and subarctic, in the central prairies the range of temperature fluctuations is very large even on individual days, in the southwest, in British Columbia, the climate is mild and temperate. Average January temperatures range from -35 degrees in the north of the country to +4 degrees in the south of the Pacific coast. Average temperatures in July are about +21 degrees in the south of the country and from -4 degrees to +4 degrees on the islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Average annual precipitation in the form of snow can reach several hundred centimeters (for example, in Quebec), while at the same time, there is almost never snow in Victoria and Vancouver.

The most cold weather in Canada is in the north of the country. In some villages on far north countries recorded temperatures up to?50 degrees in winter. There, on the islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the arctic type of climate prevails, and in the north of the mainland of the country - subarctic. Zone arctic climate It is characterized by the predominance of negative temperatures during the year, reaching at night in winter up to -45 degrees. In July, during the daytime, the air can warm up to +10 degrees. The subarctic climate zone covers the middle reaches of the Yukon and Mackenzie rivers. The coldest month in these parts is January: daytime temperatures are about -25 degrees, nighttime temperatures are about 35 degrees below zero. The hottest month of the subarctic climate zone is July: daily temperatures can reach +20 degrees.

The central part of Canada is dominated by a temperate continental type of climate. In January, daytime temperatures are -12 -14 degrees below zero, nighttime temperatures are -22 -24 degrees below zero. In July, during the daytime, the air warms up to +24 +26 degrees Celsius, and at night it cools down to +12 +14 degrees.

The weather in the St. Lawrence Valley, where the capital of Canada, Ottawa, is located, is characterized by hot rainy summer and mild wet winters. Daytime temperatures of the coldest month - January - reach -3 -5 degrees, night temperatures - 13 - 15 degrees below zero. In July, during the daytime, the air warms up to +25 +27 degrees.

The temperate maritime type of climate prevails on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Winters are milder and summers are cooler. Daytime temperatures in February hover around 0 degrees. V summer months during the day the air warms up to +20 +22 degrees.

The climate of a small area in the southwestern part of the country near Vancouver has similar features to the subtropical marine type climate. Here, even in January, the air temperature remains above 0 degrees. However, this climate does not extend deep into the continent, as the Rocky Mountains prevent it.

The vast area of ​​Canada affects the climate of this country. Some of its areas are warmer, while others are similar in climate to others. northern countries. Most of Canada is continental climate. It is characterized by distinct seasons, as well as hot summers and frosty winters.

In the central Canadian regions, winter sets in in November. There are often winds in these areas. Medium winter temperature, usually keeps at around -15 degrees Celsius. Sometimes the frost reaches 40 degrees, and is also accompanied by an icy wind.

There is a lot of precipitation in Canada in winter. For example, in Quebec, snow falls up to 300 cm during the winter. The southeast of the country is influenced by the Atlantic. This greatly softens the winter in coastal areas. To the west, rocky mountains shield the area from icy winds. So the climate of this region softens considerably, and the winters there are quite moderate.

The first flowering in Canada occurs in March. But the leaves on the trees bloom quite late: in mid-April or early May. There is a lot of rain in spring. This spring in Canada is like a real autumn. In March, the average temperature barely gets over the mark above zero. In May, it can already stay at the level of 18 degrees.

Vancouver and Victoria are much warmer than other areas of the country. Spring comes early there. It also rains quite often. For example, in Ottawa from March to May, about 200 mm of precipitation can fall in the spring.

Canadian summer

Summer in Canada can be called a stable and warm season. Only northern regions Canadian territories in summer period characterized by large fluctuations in daily temperatures. In all other areas, the temperature is kept at around 20 degrees Celsius. Sometimes in July in the south can be observed hot weather, and the mark on the thermometer rises to 40. Although such days are rare in Canada.

In the east of the country, it can be quite humid in summer. On the Canadian Prairies, summer air is predominantly dry, and it is there that the hottest days occur.

Autumn in Canada

Canadians call autumn the most beautiful time of the year. In autumn, maples in the country turn crimson, thus creating amazing natural landscapes. September is considered to be a rather warm month. From October, the cold begins, there is a lot of precipitation. The first frosts occur in mid-November. The average temperature in mid-autumn varies around the mark of 3 degrees Celsius. At the end of November, it is often cold at night, the air temperature drops below zero. There is also a lot of precipitation in autumn in Canada, as in spring. In the west and south of the state, autumn is warmer and drier than in the east and north. September to November strong winds occur less frequently than in spring or winter.

The country of Canada is one of the countries with the largest territory in the world, ranking second after Russia. The territory of Canada is 9,984,670 km², while the population of the country in 2016 was 36,048,521 people. But the density of the country is only 3.5 people per km2, which is one of the lowest in the world. Canada is also famous for having the longest coastline in the world - 243,791 km! Canada is located on the mainland North America, in its northern part. It has land borders only with the United States, and has maritime borders with Denmark (Greenland) and France (Saint Pierre and Miquelon).

Canada is washed by the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the west, and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. The length of Canada from north to south of the country is 4600 km, and from west to east of the country - 7700 km.

The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Currency unit- Canadian dollar. The current monarch of Canada is Elizabeth II.

Canada is constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. It was founded in 1534 by J. Cartier. The country consists of 3 territories and 10 provinces. There are two in the country official languages- English and French.

Flag of Canada:

Today, this country is an industrially and technologically advanced state. Canada has a diversified economy based on trade and natural resources Canada is rich in.

Relief of Canada

The central part of the country is occupied by plains. It is possible to distinguish the Hudson Bay Lowland, which is marked by a flat relief, the Laurentian Upland, which is characterized by a hilly relief, and the central plains. In the west of the country is the Cordillera mountain system. most high point is Mount Logan this mountain system, whose height reaches 5959 m above sea level. In the northeast of the country there is a strip of mountains up to 2000 m high, and in the southeast the region of the Appalachian highlands.

Climate of Canada

The climate of Canada is quite diverse, due to its large territory. In total, Canada has three types climatic zones– Arctic, Subarctic and temperate. The temperature is very different in the north and south of the country. V winter time the difference in average temperatures in the south and north reaches almost 30 units, and in summer it is slightly less.

For example, average Maximum temperature in the north in winter it reaches -28 degrees Celsius, and in the south of the country -0.4 degrees Celsius. In summer, the average maximum temperature in the north reaches 6 degrees Celsius, and in the south of the country 29 degrees Celsius. At the same time, in the summer in the south of the country the temperature can rise to 35-40 degrees Celsius, and in the north of the country it can drop to -45-60 degrees Celsius with strong icy winds.

Canada's climate is quite harsh. These are long, snowy winters that last up to 8 months a year and short summer. At the same time, in winter in the south of the country the sun shines 8 hours a day, and in the north it does not shine at all. Since icy winds from the north and warm winds blowing from the USA occur on the territory of the country, quite a lot of precipitation falls over Canada. a large number of precipitation.

Inland waters of Canada

Canada occupies one of the first places in terms of the number of lakes. About 10% of Canada is covered by water. On its territory are the Great Lakes (Ontario, Superior, Erie, Huron), as well as smaller lakes and numerous rivers throughout the country. The most important river in Canada is the navigable St. Lawrence River, which connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean basin. Thanks to Canada's climate, all of its lakes and rivers are covered with ice for 5 to 9 months a year.

Flora of Canada

The vegetation in the country varies from deciduous and mixed forests in the south of the country and up to the tundra, taiga, which in the north of the country turn into arctic deserts. Of the forests in Canada, dominated by coniferous forests. In the forests, you can most often find plants such as: black spruce, pine, white spruce, thuja, larch, oak, beech, chestnut, alder, birch, willow, cedar, fir, strawberry tree, elm and many other plants.

Animal world of Canada

In the south of the country animal world the most diverse, and in the north the most scarce. Deer, elk, sheep, goats, arctic fox, hare, chikari squirrel, chipmunks, jerboas, porcupines, American flying squirrel, beaver, striped raccoon, wolf, fox, bears and many other representatives of animals are found on the territory of the country. There are also many migratory and game birds. Rivers and lakes are rich in fish. But the list of reptiles and amphibians is not so numerous.

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