White mushroom - where it grows, description, photo. False white mushroom

There are several varieties of porcini mushrooms, but they all have similar characteristics

The most revered porcini mushroom in Rus' belongs to the Borovikov genus; it has a lot of varieties, as well as names, the most common of which are boletus and cowberry. The porcini mushroom is tubular, and its appearance greatly depends on the growing conditions, but in comparison with other mushrooms, it almost always looks like a strong, handsome giant. Therefore, it is impossible to unambiguously answer the question of what it looks like White mushroom. It is very widespread in fir and spruce forests, where its dry, smooth cap becomes brown with a chestnut or reddish tint and is crowned by a long stem, widened at the bottom.

Video about porcini mushrooms

Varieties of porcini mushroom

Our mushroom pickers, undoubtedly, give the palm to the porcini mushroom, not only for its beautiful appearance, but also for the unsurpassed taste of dishes prepared on its basis. Prepare all types of porcini mushrooms Can be in any form: fried, boiled, dried, pickled, even cheese.

The boletus is easily recognized by its cap, which gradually turns from a hemisphere into a convex cushion-shaped shape, sometimes reaching a diameter of 30 centimeters or more. No less characteristic is the stocky, barrel-shaped leg, wider at the base. The porcini mushroom is cosmopolitan, it can coexist with different trees, which is why it is found in deciduous and coniferous, mixed forests and birch groves and takes on a unique appearance everywhere.

Birch white mushroom

It has a light yellow, sometimes almost white cap, reaching 15 cm in diameter. The finely porous sponge of the tubular layer of the cap is initially often white or light yellow, but becomes more and more yellow with age. The stem is pale brown, but unlike other varieties of porcini mushrooms, it has a light mesh only closer to the cap. Birch boletuses can grow in groups or singly along roads or on forest edges in cool climates.

Oak white mushroom

It prefers warmth and deciduous forests - in addition to oaks, it grows under hornbeams, lindens, and in the south - under chestnuts. This variety has a rich aroma that is perfectly preserved after drying. Its large cap (up to 30 cm in diameter) has a relatively light color (coffee, ocher, brownish) and a slightly velvety skin, which cracks during drought and is covered with a specific mesh. Its tubular layer is also white at first, but with age it changes to yellow and even olive green. On the cylindrical stem of the mushroom, a white or brown mesh is clearly visible along its entire length.

Pine white mushroom

Compared to the varieties already described, it has the brightest color: the 20-centimeter cap of a mature mushroom becomes dark wine-red, and the tubular layer acquires a rich greenish-olive hue. The mesh covering the entire height of the leg is also reddish, but paler than the cap. White pine trees can grow not only in warm and well-lit clearings in coniferous forests, but also under the shade of dense crowns.

All the varieties mentioned, regardless of the forests in which porcini mushrooms grow, have common characteristics that are important in determining their edibility.

• The tubular layer should only have a yellow, white or olive color.
• The edible porcini mushroom has dense flesh, odorless and tasteless, with a pleasant mushroom aroma, and does not change white color when cut or broken even during heat treatment.
• Squirrels, worms, slugs, mice and other forest inhabitants eat various mushrooms, but they especially love, like us, white mushrooms. Large, venerable mushrooms cannot do without a densely populated hostel, which means there are a lot of waste products there. It is impossible to completely get rid of old mushrooms, so decay products embedded in the mushroom pulp can lead to intestinal diseases or food poisoning. So, it is better to leave porcini mushrooms infested with worms or turned into mush in place rather than putting them in the basket.
• If a place is rich in mushrooms, it is better to collect the youngest of them, since older specimens partially lose their taste and accumulate protein decomposition products that are hazardous to health.

Where and when do porcini mushrooms grow?

The question of where to look for porcini mushrooms can have many different answers.

Boletuses love old forests, abundantly overgrown with lichens and mosses, but they feel no less good on sandy loam, loamy and sandy soils. Therefore, porcini mushrooms grow on all continents, except Antarctica and Australia.

Short showers and foggy warm nights in the second half of August are ideal conditions for rapid growth of porcini mushrooms. The traditional period when porcini mushrooms grow is the months from June to September. Sometimes boletus mushrooms can grow in May and October, but the end of summer is considered the most productive.

Video about where to look for porcini mushrooms

In Russia, boletus mushrooms are taken up to Arctic zone, although they are very rare in the tundra (only in the Kamchatka, Khibiny and Chukotka tundra zones). They rarely grow in the forest-tundra, but in the northern taiga they are already becoming the most common mushrooms. In the European part of Russia there are many areas that are productive for boletus, but as you move east, closer to Eastern Siberia, there are fewer of them. And in the Far East, an outbreak of their population is again appearing. In forest-steppes, the white mushroom is a rarity and is completely absent in the steppes. He prefers flat areas more than mountainous ones. Boletus mushrooms grow both individually and in families, and sometimes growth is observed in rings.

There are many opinions and guesses why porcini mushrooms are called that, although there is no reliable answer. Once upon a time, the word “mushroom” already denoted its white appearance. Now the dominant version is that what makes it white is that during processing its pulp does not change color or darken, like other mushrooms.

In summer, the white mushroom lives on average from 6 to 9 days, and in September its life cycle increases significantly (9-15 days), during which it manages to reach an impressive size, much larger than the size of other mushrooms that manage to ripen in 3-5 days.

Despite its widespread occurrence and impressive size, the boletus has learned to skillfully camouflage itself, so searching for it invariably requires persistence and patience. Of course, it is best if it is possible to collect only young mushrooms with caps no more than 5 cm.

Fresh porcini mushrooms are poorly stored without processing, since after 10 hours they lose many of their beneficial qualities. Industrial cultivation porcini mushrooms have been recognized as unprofitable, but mushroom lovers are still experimenting with it.

The benefits and harms of porcini mushrooms

An important question is what benefits and harms porcini mushrooms have. As already mentioned, the porcini mushroom allows any culinary processing, and Italians even make salads from raw porcini mushrooms. Boletus mushrooms go well with potatoes. You need to boil fresh boletus for about 40 minutes, and pre-soak the dried ones in cold water for several hours and then cook until they sink to the bottom. After boiling, frozen mushrooms are cooked for half an hour. Unfortunately, heat treatment deprives the mushrooms useful qualities, and most of all they are preserved in dried boletus mushrooms, which have a wonderful mushroom aroma and light color. Dried porcini mushrooms must be stored in paper or fabric bags in dry rooms at room temperature. They can be stored for one year. Regular inclusion of porcini mushrooms in the diet helps strengthen eyes, nails, hair, the immune system, and prevents atherosclerosis, anemia, heart and digestive problems. It is claimed that a teaspoon of boletus powder taken daily will protect against cancer. Porcini mushrooms contain natural antibiotics, which have proven effective in the treatment of tuberculosis. You can quickly heal a wound with a paste of fresh porcini mushrooms.

Experienced mushroom pickers know the signs of an edible mushroom well and can quite confidently distinguish it from the dangerous double of the porcini mushroom - the bitter gall mushroom, which is hardly distinguishable from boletus mushrooms - to do this, just compare their photos. However, there is a difference: the tubular layer of the gall fungus has a slight pinkish tint, this mushroom grows on stumps or near the butt of a tree, the mesh on its stem is darker than the main background. The gall mushroom has a sharp bitter taste, which can be easily determined by touching its cut with your tongue, which quickly turns pink - this is not dangerous, since the mushroom is only bitter, but not poisonous.

Have you been lucky enough to find porcini mushrooms? In which month did you harvest the most? Tell us about it in

In which forest to collect porcini mushrooms?

White mushroom, also known as boletus mushroom, grows in the most different forests, but finding it is not so easy. Among coniferous and deciduous trees, he prefers proximity to birch, oak, pine and spruce. The age of the trees should be as old as possible: more than 50 years; pine forest can be younger - 20-25 years.

Most porcini mushrooms are found in well-lit and sun-warmed meadows, but they also grow in the shade of dense crowns.

The soil

Boletus grows well in moist, but not swampy soil; it loves moss and lichen coverings. Pine forest with sandy soil – Here's the best place to pick porcini mushrooms.

Temperature and weather

The best temperature for the growth of porcini mushrooms: 15-18 °C in summer and 8-10 °C at the beginning of autumn. Favorable conditions– moderately dry weather, without prolonged rains, and no sudden temperature changes. Porcini mushrooms love brief thunderstorms and warm, foggy nights.

Geography

The porcini mushroom grows not only in Russian forests, but throughout the world, except Australia. It is found even beyond the Arctic Circle. But the forests where to collect porcini mushrooms It’s a pleasure, they have a flat topography; the boletus disappears in the steppes and mountains.

Season: when to pick porcini mushrooms

In moderate climatic zone The boletus bears fruit from mid-June to the end of September, although sometimes it appears briefly in May. In warmer regions it can grow quietly until October.

Answer the question briefly and clearly where to collect porcini mushrooms, impossible. To get your hands on one and enjoy this fragrant forest delicacy in the middle of winter, you will have to do a good “hunt.” But it's worth it!

Healthy and aromatic. It received this name due to its cap, which does not change color even after drying. The mushroom remains white, although other species gradually turn black.

Nutritional and taste qualities are excellent. From the article you will learn everything about porcini mushrooms: when to collect them, where they grow, how to distinguish them from inedible ones.

Description of white mushroom

Almost every summer mushroom pickers rejoice at the harvest. How nice it is to look for mushrooms and at the same time enjoy the fresh, clean air. The porcini mushroom is in great demand. Every person who specializes in this matter knows when to collect it. There is an opinion that the porcini mushroom is from the boletus genus.

The diameter of the cap is most often 25 cm. Sometimes it reaches 27 or even 30 cm. It all depends on the species. Once the cap begins to grow, it looks like a hemisphere. Gradually becomes flatter and drier. The color of the porcini mushroom is varied. Depending on the habitat. As mushroom pickers say, it depends on how much light hits the mushroom. It can be either white or dark brown. That is, the lighter the area, the darker the mushroom.

The length of the stem can be 15, 20 and even 25 cm. The thickness of the mushroom varies. At first its leg is thin, over time it becomes cylindrical in shape and reaches 10 cm.

The mushroom has a tube on which small pores are clearly visible. As it grows, its color changes. At first it is light white, then yellowish, and when ripe it is green. At the very break of the stem, the color does not change from the cap. This is the white mushroom. You need to know when to collect it. After all, you can’t eat it green and overripe.

Benefits of porcini mushroom

This product contains carotene, vitamin B, C, D and riboflavin. It is these vitamins that help strengthen nails, hair, skin and the entire body. The high content of sulfur and polysaccharides helps with cancer.

The porcini mushroom contains a lot of lecithin, which helps treat atherosclerosis and increase hemoglobin. It contains a lot of protein, which gradually disappears when fried. That is why it is recommended to use dried mushrooms. They are better absorbed in the body.

The carbohydrates found in porcini mushrooms support and strengthen the immune system and protect against a variety of viruses. Therefore, it is recommended to use them as often as possible. However, mushrooms are difficult food for the stomach. Try to use them dried in soups. Read the article about where porcini mushrooms grow and when to collect them.

Harm of porcini mushrooms

People often use toxic substances, without even knowing it. Any mushrooms that grow near the highway or in polluted places are strong natural sorbents. They absorb all toxic substances. Therefore, to maintain your health, you need to look for porcini mushrooms in clean places. When to collect and where, we will tell you further.

Doctors prohibit giving mushrooms to children. If there is poisoning, it is almost impossible to save the child.

The child's body cannot cope with the fungal chitinous shell, since it does not have enough necessary enzymes to digest food. Especially mushrooms.

Habitats

Many people do not know where porcini mushrooms grow. Wet and rainy conditions are best for them. Where there is horsetail, it is impossible to find porcini mushrooms in the forest.

Most often, this delicacy is found near fly agaric mushrooms. In which forests do porcini mushrooms grow? Experienced mushroom pickers can answer this question. They are often located near rivers or streams. Mushrooms love not only moisture, but also warmth. In hot weather, they hide under bushes and grass, and in the fall, on the contrary, they look for open places so that the sun can warm them.

Mushroom pickers have an idea in which forests porcini mushrooms grow. After all, they can’t be found everywhere. Pine forests or birch groves are famous for porcini mushrooms. In these places they grow not alone, but in families. Therefore, if you find at least one mushroom, do not go far, there are probably more nearby.

All forests, coniferous, pine or deciduous, are famous for porcini mushrooms. However, only in old places. Young forests cannot boast of an abundance of this glorious delicacy.

Now you understand in which forests porcini mushrooms grow, and you can go looking for them without any problems.

Where to pick porcini mushrooms in the Moscow region

This wonderful delicacy does not grow in every forest. This territory is located in the direction from Moscow to the West. It is there that there are forests with high humidity and all the conditions for the growth of porcini mushrooms.

This is in the Ruzsky or Shakhovsky districts. If you go north from Moscow, then you can turn to the suburb of Taldom.

Experienced ecologists believe that it is impossible to collect porcini mushrooms in the Khimki forest or Lyubertsy. These areas are considered polluted, and the conditions in them are unfavorable for porcini mushrooms. Even if they are edible, they can be poisonous only because they have absorbed all the harmful substances.

Now you know where to pick porcini mushrooms in the Moscow region, and it won’t be difficult for you to sort out clean and polluted areas. Most often, the harvest for this wonderful delicacy is large, the main thing is not to make a mistake in it and not to pick a poisonous one.

When to pick porcini mushrooms

In spring and winter, you don’t have to look for this delicacy. It will be impossible to find them anyway. No one can say for sure in what month porcini mushrooms are harvested. They usually appear in June and their season lasts until October. If summer began earlier, in April or May, and the air humidity is high, then the first porcini mushrooms can be found. However, if autumn is frosty and cold weather sets in early, then do not expect it in October.

They grow very quickly. From a small one, weighing 3 grams, in a week it becomes about 200-250 grams. Very often you can meet giants that reach 700 grams. As many years of practice have shown, the smaller the mushroom, the better it is absorbed by the body. That is, a very small one is not suitable, since it is not ripe. Ideal for consumption from 100 g. up to 300 gr. In too large mushrooms There is a lot of fiber, so it is difficult for the human body to absorb them.

A very useful white mushroom. When to collect it, decide for yourself. However, it is always worth remembering that summer is the optimal time for harvesting. Porcini mushrooms are very popular with worms and insects. Therefore, in the fall you need to try to find a good and undamaged product.

The difference between a false mushroom and a real one

Very often people collect the wrong product that they need. Everything happens out of ignorance. Therefore, they confuse the false white mushroom with the real one. They are found equally under deciduous or coniferous trees. They look almost identical.

The first misconception of people is that the inedible false porcini mushroom grows separately. It can be seen in a warm, illuminated clearing or forest edge. The false mushroom often overlaps with the real one.

The first difference is the terrible bitter taste. The false mushroom is not classified as poisonous, so more experienced people try a very small piece. A very bitter taste immediately appears.

If you are afraid to try the mushroom during collection, then heat treatment will help you. When fried or boiled, the bitter taste becomes unbearable.

Be careful, as the pulp of the false mushroom contains toxic substances, which gradually poison the body. With constant use, the liver and its performance are destroyed, and even cirrhosis can develop.

Symptoms of poisoning

You already know what a porcini mushroom is, when to collect it and where. However, it is necessary to understand what symptoms occur during poisoning and what to do in this case. As practice has shown, the first signs appear no later than two hours after consumption.

In case of poisoning, nausea, vomiting and severe diarrhea occur. The temperature rises to almost 40 degrees, and the hands and feet become very cold and chills begin. In some cases, hallucinations are noticeable.

At the first signs of poisoning, you need to take activated carbon, drink as much cold water and strong chilled tea as possible. In the meantime, you need to call a doctor or ambulance. Only with proper and timely treatment does a person have the opportunity to recover within three days.

The white mushroom or boletus (Boletus edulis) belongs to the class Agaricomycetes, genus Boletus, family Boletaceae. It has many names: cow, bear, wood grouse, belevik and others. Classified as edible.

The cap is convex in shape, gradually becoming flatter, with a span of up to 30 cm. The outer part is usually smooth, but may have wrinkles and cracks in hot weather. During periods of high humidity with a small mucous layer, in dry times it is shiny.

The color of the porcini mushroom cap varies depending on where it grows:

• among pine trees - closer to chocolate, perhaps pink edging;
• in a spruce forest - brown with a coffee, sometimes green tint;
• next to deciduous trees - light, light walnut, yellow ocher.

The pulp is dense, in newly emerging specimens it is light, turning yellow with age. When cut, the color does not change. It has a weak taste and smell when raw. A special pleasant aroma spreads during cooking or drying.

The stem of the mushroom is 8-12 cm high, up to 7 cm thick. The shape is “barrel” or “club”, elongated in aging specimens, thickened at the base. The surface shades are brown with whitish or reddish tints. The reticular layer is light, most often located closer to the cap. Rarely is it mild or absent altogether.

The tubular layer is from light in young to yellowish and greenish in older individuals; it comes off easily from the flesh of the cap.

Distribution and collection season

They grow next to many trees, but most of all they love the “community” of pine forests, birch or oak groves, and spruce forests.

In the fall, the boron form friendly shares space with the green russula in the oak forest and with the chanterelle next to the birches, appearing at the same time as the greenfinch.

There is a high probability of finding such whites in pine trees that are 20-25 years old, or pine forests that are at least 50 years old and covered with moss and lichen.

The best temperature for mushroom growth is 15-18 degrees Celsius in the summer months, and 8-10 in September. Serious temperature changes and rain inhibit the development of mycelium. White hare grows best after minor thunderstorms and foggy, warm nights.

They like soils with the presence of sand and loam, without excess water. Peat bogs and swampy areas are excluded. They also do not like hot places, although they prefer good lighting.

You can meet the hare on all continents except Australia. It grows especially actively in Europe, northern America and even Africa. In Asia it reaches Japan and China. In Russian forests - almost everywhere, reaching the tundra and Chukotka, but is not found in the steppes. Doesn’t like to “climb mountains” too much.

Fruiting occurs solitary, closer to autumn days - in clusters.

Porcini mushrooms grow in seasons: in more temperate climatic latitudes - from mid-June to the end of September, the most mushroom time is from the fifteenth of August. Where it is warmer, it may appear by the end of May and not disappear until October.

Species diversity and description

Scientists have counted 18 forms among white hare, but the average amateur will not want to climb into such jungle. And it’s possible to meet some only on other hemispheres of the planet. Therefore, let’s take a closer look at what grows in the forests of Russia.

Spruce

The white spruce mushroom (Boletus edulis f. edulis) is large in size, up to 2 kg per specimen. The hat is chestnut-brown or “brick with a red tint”, in the form of a hemisphere, turning into a plane over time. The top is wrinkled and velvety to the touch. In young mushrooms, the edges are slightly turned inward.

The tubes are white, gradually appearing yellow-green. Leg height 6-20 cm, thickness 2-5. The mesh layer is located closer to the cap.

Distribution and collection time

Collection is possible from early June to early October in spruce-pine and mixed forests - wild and park. They love the proximity to spruce.

Oak

The white oak mushroom (Boletus quercicola) has a cap most often of a coffee-gray color, with possible light inclusions, 5-20 cm in diameter, fleshy and dense. With age, it gradually begins to wrinkle. As humidity increases, the surface becomes shiny and slightly slimy.

The leg is widened or club-shaped, 6-20 cm high and 2-6 cm in diameter. The inner part is more fragile than that of other species.

Where and in what season is it collected?

Oak porcini mushrooms grow from May to October next to oak trees and mixed vegetation in the middle and southern zone of the center of the country, the forests of the Caucasus, and Primorye. They spread widely, sometimes in clusters.

Birch

Birch porcini mushroom (Boletus betulicola) - the fruiting body is much larger than that of its other counterparts. The cap reaches 5-15 cm in diameter, but at times grows to 25-27 cm. The color is light - from white to light coffee, it can wrinkle slightly and crack in the heat.

The tubes are white, with the decay of the mushroom comes a creamy tint. The interior is dense and remains white when dried. The leg is barrel-shaped, white-brown, the mesh is closer to the cap, 5-13 cm high, 1.5-4 cm wide.

Distribution and collection time

The white birch mushroom is present throughout the forests of the European part of Russia, the middle latitudes of Northern and North-East Asia, the Caucasus, and the tundra zone - among the northern birch forests. Any soil (but does not take root on peat bogs), the main thing is that birches or at least aspens grow nearby.

You can find it from early summer until October. Some beauties can survive until the first cold weather. Trim carefully 1.5-2 cm from the ground. You need to look for birch porcini mushrooms on the outskirts of the forest and along nearby roads.

Pine

The white pine mushroom (Boletus pinophilus), also called boletus, looks like a “fat mushroom.” The height of the leg is from 5 to 16 cm, with a diameter of 4-10 cm, thicker at the base. The surface is completely “enveloped” in a reddish or light brownish mesh.

The diameter of the cap is 5-25 cm. The general color is dark brown, there may be variability in reddish shades, the outline is slightly pink, in newly grown ones it is closer to light. The lower part is white-yellow, darkening with increasing age. The flesh at the break is white, under the skin – brown with a red tint, more weak structure than that of the white birch mushroom.

Where and in what season is it collected?

Borovaya porcini mushroom is collected in the Siberian taiga, coniferous forests of the western half of the European part of the country and in the northeast from July to the 15th of October. Prefers sandy pine forest soils, old forests with mosses and lichens. Can be found in forests mixed with pine.

It is important to collect before the tubular layer acquires a greenish tint - old specimens can lead to poisoning!

Picking mushrooms - how to do it right?

When going to the forest, you need to understand where, when and how to collect porcini mushrooms. It is preferable to start “hunting” for them in July and August. They especially scatter across the soil after brief thunderstorms and warm fogs at night. In summer, the boletus mushroom grows for 6-9 days, in autumn – 9-15.

It is advisable to come to the forest before the sun has risen, when the white mushroom is clearly visible. Move slowly, carefully examining the ground. Especially places with sand and loam, where the soil does not flood. When the summer is damp, it is worth looking at a distance from trees, on hills and in places well lit by the sun. If the season is dry, whites hide near the trees, where the grass is thicker. They love to live next to morels.

The best specimens for collecting are those with a cap diameter of approximately 4 cm. Boletus is adored various kinds pests, so you need to look out for them carefully, especially in the cap. Be sure to cut it into pieces and remove the wormholes. Within 10 hours, the porcini mushroom must be processed (placed for drying, salting, fried, etc.), otherwise most of the beneficial properties will be lost.

Collection rules

• cut off the porcini mushroom carefully, without damaging the mycelium;
• can be unscrewed;
• clean off possible pests(although it’s better to take whole ones);
• place in a collection container with the cap down;
• if the legs are high, lay them sideways;
• leave overripe and questionable specimens on the ground;
• do not trample.

Healthy porcini mushrooms are not afraid of frost, so they can be harvested even after frost. After thawing, they do not lose their taste.

Nutritional quality

Freshly picked porcini mushroom has a calorie content of 34 kcal per 100 g of mass, dried - 286 kcal. Nutritional value – 1.7 g fat, 1 g carbohydrates, 3.5 g protein per 100 g weight. Also disaccharides and saturated fatty acids.
Praised for excellent taste in any form. The special nutritional value is that it makes the stomach work actively.

90% of the weight is water, the remaining 10 is divided into proteins, fiber, carbohydrates, minerals and fats.

It contains the most important microelements - iodine, copper, manganese and zinc. Vitamins – PP, C, B1, A. 22 amino acids. The amount of protein depends on the type, age of the mushroom (the younger the better), place of growth and method of preservation. Dried porcini mushrooms are especially good at preserving proteins.

Digestibility of mushroom proteins

It happens more slowly than in animals, since the proteins of the fungus are enclosed in special walls that “do not penetrate” the enzymes of the digestive tract. To improve absorption by the body, mushrooms need to be well chopped, boiled or fried.

Usage

White mushrooms without wormholes are allowed to be eaten in any form - dried, boiled, fried, salted, pickled and fresh. When dried, they do not become dark, leaving a pleasant forest aroma. The sauce goes great with meat and rice. Powder from such mushrooms can be seasoned different dishes. Italians love them very much, adding them raw to the ingredients of a salad with Parmesan cheese, seasoning with oil, spices and lemon juice.

Dried mushrooms can be stored for 1 year by placing them in paper bags. The air temperature should be fixed and moderate, and regular ventilation is required.

The benefits and harms of porcini mushroom

Porcini mushrooms are both beneficial and harmful depending on their human use.

Beneficial features

• in pharmaceuticals – treatment of mastopathy, oncology, angina pectoris, tuberculosis;
• strengthen the immune system;
• improve the condition of eyes, hair and nails;
• are a preventative against anemia and atherosclerosis;
• when used externally – promotes rapid healing of wounds.

Harm

• collected from the roads and industrial enterprises– absorb heavy metals and toxic substances;
• if stored improperly, porcini mushrooms can cause serious stomach upset, especially in children;
• Excessive consumption of dried mushrooms can cause obesity;
• use porcini mushroom with caution in patients with liver and kidney problems.

Mushroom look-alikes

A serious problem is created by dangerous doubles of the porcini mushroom. To distinguish white mushrooms from false poisonous and non-poisonous ones edible mushrooms, use the table below.

	Porcini	Satanic (false white mushroom)	Gall (bitter)
hat	from red-brown to almost white	grayish-white, coffee shades or olive	light brown shade
Leg	light mesh layer	yellowish-red with mesh pattern	dark mesh layer
Tubular layer	white or cream in young and greenish in old	reddish-orange, turns blue when pressed	white, later pink
Pulp	dense, odorless	dense with an unpleasant odor	soft with a pleasant mushroom smell
Behavior at fracture and shear	color does not change	slowly turns red, then turns blue	turns pink
Edibility	edible	poisonous	inedible

It is clear that poisonous and inedible mushrooms are in many ways similar to porcini mushrooms, but upon closer inspection they can still be distinguished. An additional look at the external condition will help - false ones have an impeccable appearance.

Symptoms of doppelgangers poisoning, first aid

In case of poisoning in an adult, serious symptoms last up to 3 days. These are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and headache. But due to the unknown impact of poisons, psychogenic reactions are real, including hallucinations, absolute loss of self-control and memory, and even lethargic sleep or death.

As soon as symptoms arise, immediately rinse the stomach and take the poisoned person to the hospital or call an ambulance. The effects of doppelgangers mushrooms, especially Satanic mushrooms, have been little studied and delaying first aid can be fatal.

Carefully compare the appearance of the specimen you come across on a “quiet hunt” with the description of the porcini mushroom, as you remember it and using the photos given in the article. Place only those in your cart that you are completely sure of. And then the beauties brought home will delight all gourmets with the amazing aroma and taste of forest gifts.

Since ancient times, porcini mushroom has been considered the most valuable and tasty mushroom of all those mushrooms that grow in the forest. The cap of a mature porcini mushroom reaches sizes from 7 to 30 cm, in some cases it can be larger. The pulp is quite strong and has a meaty consistency. If you cut a porcini mushroom, the color of the cut does not change, which allows you to distinguish it from a similar double poisonous mushroom. The mushroom stem reaches a height of 8 to 24 cm, and on average is 11-13 cm; the thickness of the porcini mushroom stem is on average 7 - 8 cm.

WHEN TO PICK CEPT MUSHROOMS

When is it worth picking porcini mushrooms in the north? temperate climate Russia? In this case, the white mushroom grows from mid-June to the end of September. We recommend that you read

When is it worth picking porcini mushrooms in the warm climate of Russia? In this case, the porcini mushroom can be found from mid-May to October.

Although in some cases the timing and season for collecting porcini mushrooms may be delayed depending on climatic weather conditions.

When does the porcini mushroom grow the most? The most massive collection of porcini mushrooms is considered to be the period from mid-August to early September. It is during this period that the majority of mushroom pickers go out to hunt and collect porcini mushrooms, and knowing the mushroom spots, they return home with a full basket.

WHERE TO PICK CEPT MUSHROOMS?

It is worth collecting and searching for porcini mushrooms mainly in the forests of the prevailing coniferous, spruce, pine, it is also good if these forests are mixed with oak and birch.

To find porcini mushrooms, you need to give preference to deciduous forests with trees over 50 years old, and in pine forests with pine trees 20 to 30 years old.

It is necessary to collect the white mushroom at the very peak of its growth, which occurs at an air temperature of 15 to 19 degrees in the presence of light, rare precipitation. If the air temperature fluctuates greatly between day and night and precipitation is very frequent, it will be more difficult to collect the porcini mushroom, since such a climate prevents its growth.

Look for and collect porcini mushrooms on sandy, sandy loam and loamy soils, since it is in such places that the porcini mushroom grows best, but you should not look for it on wet and swampy soils, it practically does not grow there. We recommend that you read

Considering that the porcini mushroom loves light, it is worth looking for it in illuminated areas of forests, although in good fruitful years it can also be found in unlit and even heavily darkened areas of the forest.

The Moscow region is famous for its mushroom places. August and September are the months when they stock up on mushrooms for the winter. At this time, in the forests of the Moscow region you can pick up full baskets of boletus, saffron milk caps, aspen boletus, birch boletus, and moss mushrooms. From the second half of August, milk mushrooms, saffron milk caps, and white trumpets appear in the forests of the Moscow region. In all directions of Moscow railway there are places where you can go for mushrooms. Let's figure out where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region, what mushrooms grow in the Moscow region and how to safely pick mushrooms. Study the map, remember the mushroom places in the Moscow region and boldly go into the forest.

Map mushroom places Moscow region

Mushroom places on the map of the Moscow region - enlarged by clicking

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Kazan direction

Gzhel station. 4 - 5 km north of the railway, in the vicinity of the villages of Minino and Konyashino.

Grigoryevo station.

Ingatyevo station.

Kuzyaevo station. On both sides of the railway.

Shevlyagino station. North of the platform 2 km towards the villages of Averkovo and Shabanovo.

Platform 73rd km, Antsiferovo, station. Boletuses. 3 - 4 km from the railway.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Ryazan direction

Bronnitsy station. 5 - 6 km from the villages of Biserovo, Plaskinino.

Platform 63 km. 3 - 4 km from the railway.

Faustovo station. 3 - 4 km from the railway.

Peski station. 5 - 6 km near the villages of Berdniki and Novoselki.

Konev Boy station. In the direction of the villages of Shelukhino and Klimovka.

Shchurovo station. Located near the village of the same name coniferous forest. Chanterelles and porcini mushrooms.

Chernaya station. Located among a light pine forest. This is a cult place for mushroom pickers near Moscow. Even at the entrance to the station you can see them wandering among the tall trunks. When you leave the station, you almost immediately find yourself in the forest. Among the pines you can look for boletus and chanterelles. Pig mushrooms also love coniferous forests, but it is not recommended to collect them: these mushrooms absorb harmful substances very quickly. Either take them young, or discard them altogether.

Lukhovitsy station. Not far from the station there are two forested areas. The one to the north attracts with porcini mushrooms and boletus mushrooms. The locals call it that way: birch forest. After walking a couple of kilometers along a country road towards Moscow, you will come to an unusually beautiful pond. It is located on the edge of the forest, which is replete with boletus and aspen mushrooms.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Yaroslavl direction

Pravda station. 1 - 2 km from the railway on both sides. To the east - towards the village of Nazarovo. To the west - towards the village of Stepankovo.

Pushkino station. This is one of the most environmentally friendly areas of the Moscow region. There are a lot of forests in the city area. Local grannies assure that there are mushrooms there. It all depends on your desire and perseverance. Lots of chanterelles and russula.

Sokolovskaya station. By bus number 349 from the station. From the Shchelkovskaya metro station you reach the final station (Shchelkovo-7), then you can catch a car and drive in a south-west direction. You disembark and walk through the forest in the same direction. From Yaroslavsky station by train to Fryazevo or Monino to Sokolovskaya. Next, take a bus or minibus to the village of Krasnoznamensky, then walk about 2 - 2.5 km north to the Klyazma River. It takes 40 minutes to get to Sokolovskaya by train.

Zelenogradskaya station. 2 km west of the platform in the direction of the village of Daryino.

Sofrino station. 3 - 4 km west of the platform in the direction of the villages of Mitropolye and Novovoronino.

Ashukinskaya station. Cross the rails and move into the thick of the forest. According to locals, there are a lot of boletuses here. You won't return with empty baskets. You can take a break on the banks of the Vyaz River. The water is clean, so you can swim. 4 - 5 km west of the railway in the direction of the villages of Novovoronino and Martyankovo.

Kalistovo station. 3 - 4 km west of the platform, in the forests near the village of Artemovo. To the east - towards the village of Golygino and along the banks of the Vori River.

Abramtsevo station. 4 - 5 km west of the platform near the villages of Zhuchki and Akhtyrka.

Semkhoz station. On both sides of the railway. To the south - towards the villages of Vysokovo, Morozovo, to the west - towards the village of Shapilovo.

Station 76 km. This is the longest mushroom hunting trip. We walk the first 5 km to the Yaroslavl highway at a brisk pace, admiring nature, but don’t forget to look under the Christmas trees. Red boletus caps await you here. Go out to the shore of Lake Torbeevskoye. You can swim, have lunch, ride a jet ski or rent a catamaran. There are restaurants, cafes, and kebab shops. You can spend the night in a hotel complex on the shore. From the shore you move north parallel to the Yaroslavl highway. Five kilometers to the highest waterfall in the Moscow region - Gremyachey. There are a lot of mushrooms in this area.

The village of Sharapovo. Locals call this place “rows”. Porcini mushrooms are hiding under the moss in the swamp. If you come in early August, you will be greeted by a wild raspberry harvest. How to get there: from Yaroslavsky station to Sergiev Posad, then by bus to Sharapovo to the “Cemetery” stop. You go down to the lake and go around it on the left to the forest area.

The most mushroom route: from the platform 43 km to the west there are deciduous forests. You can move along the highway or forest paths to the village of Mitropole. Then you go from there along the banks of the Vyaz River, which will lead to the village of Eldigino. Next, the route will lead southeast to the village of Daryino. And from here the forest road, after about 3 km, will lead to the Zelenogradskaya platform. The length of the route is about 16 km.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Leningrad direction

Podrezkovo station. 1.5 km south of the railway line along the right bank of the Skhodnya River in the direction of the villages of Ivanovskoye and Korostovo.

Firsanovka station. There are mushrooms on both sides of the railroad. In the north - 1.5 km from the station towards the villages of Novye Rzhavki, Nazaryevo and further towards the village of Klushino. In the west - 3 km from the station across the Goretovka River towards the village of Ruzino and near Pyatnitskoye Highway.

Beryozki Dachnye station. 1 - 2 km from the railway on both sides. From the west - towards the village of Snopovo and to the banks of the Istrinsky reservoir. On the eastern side - on the territory of the former Verkhne-Klyazminsky Nature Reserve towards the village of Terehovo.

Golovkovo station. 1.5 km north of the station in the direction of the village of Ermakovo.

Pokrovka station. On both sides of the station. From the north side - towards the villages of Koskovo, Dulepovo, Shakhmatovo. On the south side - to the villages of Zamyatino and Nikulino.

Frolovskoye station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. East of the station - in the direction of the villages of Dulepovo and Golenishchevo. To the west - towards the villages of Marfino and Vvedenskoye.

The most mushroom route: northeast from Firsanovka station to the village of Nazaryevo. Further - again to the northeast. Near the village of Elino, the route will cross the Leningradskoye Highway and lead into a dense mixed forest. This is the land of boletus mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, saffron milk caps and honey mushrooms. The trail leads to the banks of the Klyazma to the village of Poyarkovo.

The map of mushroom places in the Moscow region increases by clicking

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Savelovskoe direction

Lobnya station. 3 km east of the railway line in the direction of the Pyalovsky reservoir.

Lugovaya station. Mushrooms can be found on both sides of the railway: in the west, 2 km towards the village of Ozeretskoye. To the east of the station - 3 km towards the villages of Sholokhovo, Fedoskino, as well as along the banks of the Pyalovsky reservoir. In these places you can collect a good harvest of chanterelles, boletus and boletus.

Lugovaya station. Mushrooms can be found on both sides of the railway: in the west, 2 km towards the village of Ozeretskoye. To the east of the station - 3 km towards the villages of Sholokhovo, Fedoskino, as well as along the banks of the Pyalovsky reservoir. In these places you can collect a good harvest of chanterelles, boletus and boletus. From Savelovsky railway station to Lugovoy station it takes 40 minutes. You can get there by any train, except the next one to Orudevo station.

Nekrasovskaya station. A kilometer west from the platform towards the village of Ozeretskoye. From Moscow to Nekrasovka it takes 42 minutes.

Catuar station. 2 km west of the station.

Trudovaya station. In a southwest direction.

Iksha station. There are mushrooms 2 km west of the station in the direction of the villages of Staro-Podgornoye, Khoroshilovo, Lupanovo. Boletus and boletus are found in these places. From Khoroshilov to the northeast to the Morozki platform. From Savelovsky station to Iksha - 54 minutes by train.

Morozki station. There are mushrooms on both sides of the railway: 1.5 km in the west - near the villages of Novlyanka, Grigorkovo, 2 km in the east - near the villages of Sboevo, Grishino, Novinki. Travel time from the station is 1 hour.

Tourist station. Mushrooms can be found on both sides of the railway: to the west - 4 km towards the villages of Dyakovo, Paramonovo, Strekovo. 2 km in the east - towards the villages of Shustino and Ulyanki. From Moscow to Tourist it takes 1 hour and 7 minutes.

Vlasovo station. A kilometer west of the station towards the villages of Bobylino and Popadyino. 1.5 km on the north side of the railway in the direction of the villages of Rastovtsy, Sorokino. It takes 2 hours to get to Vlasovo station. You can get there by train going to Taldom or Savelov.

Taldom station. 4 km southwest towards the villages of Nagovitsino and Gusenki. There are a lot of chanterelles in these places. From Savelovsky station to Taldom - 2 hours 10 minutes.

The most mushroom route: from Iksha station, go towards the village of Khoroshilovo (about 2 km). From here you need to turn northeast to the Morozki platform. The length of the route is about 15 km.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Riga direction

Opalikha station. In the north of Opalikha station in the direction of the village of Saburovo and in the forests along the banks of the Nakhabinka, Banka and Sinichka rivers, in the south towards the villages of Nikolo-Uryupino and Voronki there is a forest rich in mushrooms. To get to these places you need to walk 2 - 3 km, since there is no transport from the railway station. You can't drive a car there either. The train to Opalikha takes about 35 minutes.

Nakhabino station. According to locals, there are mushrooms 4 km north of the station towards Kozino along the banks of the Nakhabinka River. The drive to Moscow is about 45 minutes.

The village of Pavlovskaya Sloboda. The surroundings of this village are rich in mushrooms, in particular champignons. From the railway station From Nakhabino to Pavlovskaya Sloboda there is minibus No. 23, the ride to the village is about 10 minutes. There are lakes near Pavlovskaya Sloboda and the village of Valednikovo, where you can swim. Both in Nakhabino and Pavlovskaya Sloboda they sell mushrooms, mainly champignons.

Dedovsk station. 3 - 4 km from the station to the north from the railway line towards Turov and Nikolo-Cherkizovo.

Snegiri station. On both sides of the railway. In the north - 2 km from the station towards Eremeev, in the south - a kilometer towards the village of Zhevnevo and along the right bank of the Istra River.

Kholshcheviki station. A kilometer south of the station and further in the forests along the right bank of the Malaya Istra River.

Yadroshino station. On both sides of the railway. In the north - a kilometer from the station towards the village of Markovo-Kursakovo. In the south - behind the Volokolamsk highway, 3 km from the station, in the direction of the villages of Lapino and Novodarino.

Kursakovskaya station. To the east from the station towards the village of Markovo-Kursakovo.

Rumyantsevo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway line on both sides. In the eastern and northern directions - towards the villages of Rybushki, Savelyevo, Dolevo, along the banks of the Maglushi River. In a south-west direction - towards Lake Trostenskoye.

Lesodolgorukovo station. To the north of the railway line towards the villages of Nudol-Sharino and Maryino.

The most mushroom route: 2 km north of Opalikha station, behind the village of Novonikolskoye, on the banks of the Banka River. The forest here extends for several kilometers to the west and east. Go around the village of Saburovo from the west and head towards the village of Fedorovka. From the village of Yurlovo on Pyatnitskoye Highway you can take a bus back to Moscow. The length of the route is 12 km.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Belarusian direction

Zhavoronki station. 1 km south of the station, in the direction of the villages of Mitkino, Sumino, Malye Vyazemy. 2 - 3 km north of the railway line towards the village of Nazaryevo, in the vicinity of which you can now “hunt” for chanterelles and honey mushrooms, as well as in the forest along the banks of the Bolshaya and Malaya Vyazemka rivers. From Belorussky Station to Zhavoronki it takes about 50 minutes by train.

Khlyupino station (Zvenigorodskaya line from Golitsyno station). From the southwest the forest came close to the railway line. Route in the direction of the villages of Raevo and Alyaukhovo. To the north and northeast of the station you can go through the forest to the villages of Chigasovo and Goryshkino. There are also mushrooms in the village of Malye Vyazemy. Malye Vyazemy station is one stop on the train, before reaching Golitsyn.

In the Smolensk direction Golitsyno is the most Big City. Various mushrooms are sold at the market near the station. If you decide to spend the weekend in the Moscow region, you can spend the night in Golitsyn: there is a small hotel in former House Writers' Union (1 and 2 local numbers). The rooms are not luxurious, but there is a shower and toilet. To get to the hotel, you need to turn left from the platform and walk about 700 meters in a straight line. The low red brick building on the right is the hotel.

Skorotovo station (Zvenigorod line). To the north from the station in the direction of the village of Dunino, to the east - towards Chigasov, to the south and southwest - to the villages of Raevo and Alyaukhovo.

Zvenigorod station. In the western and eastern directions from the station in the vicinity of the villages of Maryino, Salkovo, Dunino. In the west - near the villages of Klopovo, Pestovo, as well as along the banks of the Ostrovnya River. There is a minibus going to Zvenigorod from Golitsyno station.

Stations Sushkinskaya, Petelino, Chastsovskaya and Portnovskaya (the stations follow each other). 2 - 3 km from the stations a huge forest stretches in south direction for many kilometers, to the Kyiv direction railway.

Petelino station. In the northern direction there is a forest rich in mushrooms (north is the right side of the railway tracks when coming from Moscow). At the station Petelino there is a sign to the Petelino poultry farm. If you follow this road, you can come to places rich in mushrooms, a lot of honey mushrooms. From Moscow to Petelin it takes about an hour.

The most mushroom route: from Petelino station you walk along the Ostrovni River to the north, passing the village of Tatarki, the village of Gar-Pokrovskoye and the village of Ivonino. Then walk about 6 kilometers along a forest path along the bank of the Ostrovni River to the village of Pestovo. From here head north-east through the forests to the village of Klopovo. 2 km east of it is the Zvenigorod station.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Kiev direction

Here, in the vast deciduous and mixed forests, mushrooms of all kinds grow

Pobeda station. Mushrooms on both sides of the railway (1 km). In the southeast - towards the village of Kalugino. In the west - to the villages of Sumino, Sanniki, Mamyri. It is better to get there from the Kievsky railway station on all trains, except those going to the Airport, Solnechny and Lesnoy Gorodok. It takes 48 minutes to get to Pobeda station.

Dachnaya station. 2 km south of the platform in the forest beyond the Desna River, in the vicinity of the villages of Svitino and Timonino. Travel time from Moscow is 55 minutes.

Selyatino station. Move south and southeast from the station in directions to the villages of Syryevo, Glagolevo, Ignatovo. From Kievsky railway station to Selyatino station - approximately 1 hour 3 minutes by train.

Rassudovo station. 2 - 3 km east of the railway line in the direction to the village of Glagolevo, as well as in the vicinity of the villages of Kuznetsovo, Dolgtino, Ignatovo.

Ozhigovo station. A path goes south from the platform, which after 1.5 km intersects with the Kyiv highway. Then the path goes through fields. Head south. It's easy to get lost here, so you need to take a compass. After crossing the Ladyrka River, you will find yourself in a forest - Kuznetsovskoe forestry. You can return to Moscow from the Bekasovo or Zosimova Pustyn platforms, which are located to the west. There are quite a lot of russula and nigella in these places. From Moscow to Ozhigov it takes 1 hour and 10 minutes.

Bekasovo station. Mushrooms on both sides of the railway in the area of ​​1 - 2 km. Head east and south from the station, in these places the forests are very rich in mushrooms, especially in the area of ​​the villages of Ivanovka, Afanasovka, Savelovka and Mogutovo. From Kievsky station to Bekasov it takes 1 hour 12 minutes only by train, going to Maloyaroslavets.

Bashkino station. Forests on the west side of the railway. 2 km east of the station towards the village of Pokrovka. The forests are rich in russula and other mushrooms. Bashkin can be reached in 1 hour 47 minutes.

Obninskoye station. North-west of the station, 2 - 3 km towards the villages of Samsonovo, Belkino, as well as on both banks of the Protva River.

The most mushroom route: a path goes south from the Ozhigovo platform. After 1.5 km it crosses Kievskoye Highway. Then the path goes through fields. In the west you can see the village of Sotnikovo. From here it is better to move in a southerly direction. You cross the Ladyrka River and find yourself in the Kuznetsovskoye forestry, thinned out by unusual clearings. They start at the forester's house and spread out in twenty-five rays in all directions. You can return to Moscow from the Bekasovo platform. The length of the route is 12 - 15 km.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Kursk direction

Here there is an abundance of russula, nigella, milk mushrooms, boletus, aspen, chanterelles, and boletus.

Grivno station. 2 - 3 km east of the railway in the direction of the villages of Berezhki and Kharitonovo.

Lvovskaya station. To the southeast of the station in the direction of the village of Ivino.

Kolkhoznaya station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the east - towards the village of Nikonovo and in the forests along the banks of the Rozhaya River. South-east of the station in the forest behind the village of Sharapovo. In the west - towards the villages of Panino and Zhokhovo.

Station Chepelevo and Chekhov. In the direction of the villages of Alachkovo, Maksimikha, Oksino.

Luch station. 4 - 5 km from the railway on the western side in the vicinity of the villages of Popovka and Milyachino.

Sharapova hunting station. To the east to the villages of Pleshkino, Voskresenki, Petrukhino.

Avangard station. 2 - 3 km east of the station, in the direction of the village of Vskhody, as well as into the forests stretching along the banks of the Rechma and Lopasnya rivers. You can get to the Lopasni River valley from Serpukhov by bus to the village of Gurovo or by boat to the Priluki pier.

The most mushroom route: start collecting 2 km east of Lvovskaya station in the forest behind the village of Lagovsky. In this forest, along the gentle slopes of ravines, in open birch forests, along the edges and old forest roads and clearings, whites grow. From the village of Meshcherskoye to Kolkhoznaya station you can walk along the picturesque banks of the Rozhaya River or straight through the forest. The length of the route is 16 - 20 km.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Gorky direction

Fryazevo station. South of the station beyond the village of Vselodovo.

Kazanskoe station. On both sides of the railway.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Paveletskaya direction

Vzletnaya station. On both sides of the station: in the birch forest behind the village of Redkino or west of the villages Bityagovo and Yusupovo, as well as east of the station towards the village of Elgazin.

Vostryakovo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway, south of Zaborye.

White Pillars station. 3 - 4 km from the station in the direction of the villages of Shebantsevo, Kolychevo, Sonino, Kurganye.

Barybino station. West of the station behind the village of Rastunov, in the vicinity of Yusupov, Shishkin, Uvarov. Along the banks of the Severka River.

Velyaminovo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the east towards the villages of Tatarinovo, Lenkovo, Kaverino and in the forests along the right bank of the Vostets River. In the west - in the vicinity of the village of Velyaminovo.

Privalovo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the east - towards the villages of Konstantinovskoye and Kishkino. In the west - in the vicinity of Nemtsov, Sidorov.

Mikhnevo station. 3 km from the railway on both sides. To the east - towards Koshelevka, Vasilievsky, Ignatiev. To the west - to Razinkov and Usady.

Shugarovo station. 3 - 4 km west of the station, towards Torbeev, Zavorykin.

Zhilevo station. On both sides of the railway. In the east - 1 - 2 km towards the village of Petrovo, in the west - 3 - 4 km towards Pochinki, Sitna-Shchelkovo, Psarev.

Stupino station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the northeast - towards the village of Staraya Sitnya. In the west - to Matveikov, Saigatov.

Akri station. In the forest to the west and south of the station in the direction of Saigatov, Sokolovaya Hermitage.

The most mushroom route: start the hike from Belye Stolby station. A deciduous forest begins 1 km to the west. 6 km from the station, south of the village of Shebantsevo, you need to cross the Kashirskoe highway and go deeper into the forest south of the village of Sonino. This is the kingdom of porcini mushrooms. From Shebantsev you can return along the road to the station. White pillars or take a bus to the station. Domodedovo or Mikhnevo.

Where and when to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region?

Everyone knows that mushrooms grow well in warm, humid weather, especially if it is July or August. Most mushroom pickers can be found in mixed and spruce forests, birch groves and pine forests.

Cap mushrooms, many of which are edible, usually have a developed mycelium under several tree species at once. IN Forests near Moscow mycorrhiza (“fungal root”) most often appears near pines, spruces, birches, oaks and aspens. Less common under larches, poplars, alder and rowan.

For some edible mushrooms, the organic matter of decaying wood or the forest floor of leaves and needles is more important. Many honey mushrooms are famous for this.

There are edible mushrooms that thrive in seemingly completely inappropriate places. For example, on burnt areas and fireplaces you can see the tall morel growing.

There are more mushrooms on the edges of the forest, along forest roads, clearings, on lawns, etc. But dense thickets and too high grass stand are considered less suitable places for collecting mushrooms.

The first (spring) mushrooms are morels and strings. June - August is the time when the bulk of edible mushrooms appear. The growth of many edible mushrooms is inhibited or ends with the onset of autumn frosts. Although some of them can be collected even with a serious drop in air temperature in late autumn. For example, winter honey fungus. Toward the end, before the beginning of winter, such little-known edible mushrooms as buttercollibia and violet rowan continue to appear.

How to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - safety rules

The basic safety rules that should be followed when going into the forest to pick mushrooms or berries are simple, the main thing is to follow them. The forests of the Moscow region, of course, are not taiga, but you can get lost in them, so do not neglect the safety rules when picking mushrooms and enjoy quiet hunt in the Moscow region you are guaranteed:

1. You should not go into the forest alone. When going to the forest, it is necessary to warn relatives and friends about the route and time of stay in the forest.

2. Rescuers recommend refilling your cell phone balance and checking the battery charge before going mushroom hunting. Take with you a compass, matches, a knife, a small supply of water and food. Those who constantly use medications, and this primarily concerns older people, need to have medications with them.

3. Clothes should be bright. Camouflage in the forest can be invisible even from three meters. It would be good if there were reflective stickers on your clothes.

4. Enter the forest only when daylight hours days. Remember your route, pay attention to fallen trees, streams, and clearings that will help you navigate the forest.

5. If you do get lost, don’t panic, stop and think about where you came from, whether you can hear screams, car noise, or barking dogs. If possible, climb on tall tree and look around.

6. Try to find a clearing or road and move along it. It should be remembered that any road will sooner or later lead you to a populated area.

7. If you couldn’t find your way and night found you in the forest, don’t worry. Find a suitable place to stay overnight. It is not recommended to move in the dark; you can get injured by tripping or falling into the water.

8. The place to spend the night is chosen high and dry, preferably near big tree. Prepare brushwood for the fire, make bedding from spruce branches. It is best to sit with your back to a tree, light a fire in front of you and keep it going all night.

9. More than once I have helped to identify the location of lost mushroom pickers cellular telephone. To ask for help, you need to dial 112 and explain your location, following the quarter post, which is a kind of forest sign. You can call rescuers from your mobile phone even without a SIM card or if you are on the territory of a “foreign operator” of cellular communications.

Previously on the topic of Mushrooms:

Before moving on to the story of the places where porcini mushrooms grow, it would not be amiss to mention that the phrase “porcini mushroom” is a collective one, and means not one specific fungus, but several. Their number, as it turned out, is not limited to ten. In total, there are 18 subspecies, 4 of which are even trying to be defined as independent, separate species. Most of these mushrooms belong to the Borovik genus, but by a lucky coincidence, one “sent Cossack” from the Obabok genus (white boletus) also found its way among the “noble ones” - because of the light color of its cap. For the average mushroom picker, this information may seem scientifically tedious, or even completely useless, but it significantly explains why porcini mushrooms grow in a variety of forests - from coniferous to deciduous.

The diversity of forests in which porcini mushrooms grow is explained by the fact that their different subspecies “conclude” an alliance - and a very mutually beneficial one - with the most different trees. And they grow exactly where these trees are.

It would seem that to find places where boletus mushrooms should be found in fat herds, it is enough to write down the list of trees to which they gravitate and carry it with you on outings. But no - due to pickiness to the conditions, the lion's share of all varieties of porcini mushroom turned out to be noticeably more “choosy” than the same boletuses and other boletuses. Give them not only “your” symbionts (and of a certain age), but also specific soil, as well as characteristic thermal and humidity conditions. That is why porcini mushrooms do not grow anywhere, but only in special forests. These are the ones we will now consider in detail.

Coniferous forests

Let's start, of course, with conifers, because these forests are the most dominant in temperate zone northern hemisphere of the planet, especially in its extreme northern part. In addition, they are the most characteristic landscape where porcini mushrooms grow.

Pine forests

Photo 2. Mountain Pine forest, rich in porcini mushrooms.

In such forests it is usually found white pine mushroom, entering into symbiosis is clear with which tree, less often with spruce and other (including deciduous) species. It differs from other boletus mushrooms in its sugary brown cap and stem, which sometimes also has a brownish tint. He likes sandy or loamy soil, but never waterlogged. That is, the mushroom definitely avoids swamps and damp lowlands, preferring dry forests to them. In mountainous areas he loves to “climb” higher - there, apparently, the conditions for him are better.

You can figure out the places where pine porcini mushrooms grow not only by digging into the forest soil with a shovel and finding grains of sand under the half-rotted litter. The main landmark is moss (sphagnum) or lichen “pillows”. Mushrooms usually appear here, especially if there are small openings in the trees that are more warmed by the sun than the rest of the surrounding area. They can also be found along the edges of clearings, clearings, and along the sides of forest roads.

Let me give you an example from my personal mushroom practice, when I managed to come across a whole “field” of porcini mushrooms, where they grew like cucumbers in a greenhouse and almost climbed on top of each other. It was a clearing bordering a forest and a river, and it was completely covered with moss and reindeer moss. From one square meter of this place a bucket of mushrooms was instantly collected, and in total we managed to cut a dozen such buckets. How we then carried this wealth, and how we carried it home in general, is the topic of a separate story. I'll just say one thing - for the first time I felt everything fully negative traits own greed.

Spruce, fir or spruce-fir forests

Photo 4. Spruce-fir forest.

It grows here spruce porcini mushroom. Outwardly, it is almost indistinguishable from the pine boletus, except that the color of its cap is slightly less saturated. By the way, this mushroom is a type species, and therefore it is the “real porcini mushroom”.

Photo 5. Here he is - a handsome man, a typical representative of porcini mushrooms. Grew up on a bed of sphagnum moss.

The growing conditions of the spruce boletus actually correspond to its pine counterpart, with the exception that the former is more inclined towards spruce trees.

Just like the previous mushroom, the spruce boletus loves sandy or loamy, not waterlogged soils, and moss-lichen litter.

Deciduous forests

There are noticeably fewer of them than coniferous forests, but this in no way prevents them from occupying a very decent area. Deciduous forests are more developed in the southern areas; in the north they are, as a rule, an infrequent occurrence.

Birch forests

Photo 6. Birch forest. Place of growth of the birch variety of porcini mushroom.

It’s funny, but the true porcini mushroom has managed to form a subspecies here too - birch boletus, aka spikelet(this name is due to the fact that this mushroom appears exactly at the moment of heading the rye).

Unlike previous varieties, the spikelet has a lighter cap, is not so picky about the type of soil, and grows almost everywhere, except perhaps avoiding outright swamps and peat bogs. It is very common and numerous, for which we are especially adored by fans of “silent hunting”. In fact, it can end up in any birch forest, preferring edges and boundaries between overgrown and open areas.

There are three signs by which you can accurately determine whether porcini mushrooms grow in a birch forest. First of all, these are grass tussocks. Or popularly - white grass.

Photo 8. Where there are similar grass tussocks, porcini mushrooms will definitely grow.

The other two signs are neighboring mushrooms. Red fly agaric and chanterelle. As a rule, both of them accompany the porcini mushroom, and even begin to bear fruit with it at approximately the same time.

Dubravy

Photo 9. A small oak forest with a slight admixture of birch and dark coniferous species (the eastern border of the pedunculate oak).

The area is not entirely typical for the Urals, however, and it is worth mentioning, because, after all, we have small oak groves in the southwest, and this is the territory where porcini mushrooms of the oak variety grow. However, this variety is controversial - some scientists distinguish it as an independent species - bronze boletus. It differs from the previous ones in the most dark color caps, sometimes it even has a black, mold-like coating. In France, this fungus is popularly called “negro’s head.”

Photo 10. Oak “ceps”, also known as bronze boletus, also known as “negro’s head”.

It grows in warm forests and tends to the southern regions. In mountainous areas it is rare or completely absent. According to rumors, it also happens here, but very rarely.

Elm forests

Vyazovniki, also known as elmovniki. There are others like that. A specific breed of porcini mushrooms that prefers these particular forests has not yet been noticed. However, pine and spruce species are occasionally found in these forests, and sometimes birch is also found.

Scientists from mycology unanimously claim that it is difficult for porcini mushrooms to form a symbiosis with elm due to certain specific nuances of the biology of this tree. That is why they are so rare there, and if they are found, it is in small quantities.

I want to add one thing: elm forests are those forests where porcini mushrooms do not grow. No matter how much I wandered in these places, I never saw boletus mushrooms, although some others edible mushrooms they still came across them there.

It’s another matter when elm grows mixed with linden and birch trees, or even fir and spruce. But this is already -

Mixed forests

Which I mentioned for a reason, because their share among our forests is very noticeable. So, it is in them that you most often come across large accumulations of porcini mushrooms. What this is connected with is unknown. I can only assume that the “hodgepodge” of symbiont trees somehow provides the mushrooms with the best conditions for growth. And perhaps the original undergrowth mixed forests has some influence here.

Although... In mixed forests there is often a tree such as birch, and therefore there is everything for the growth of the birch variety of porcini mushroom - the most numerous of all. Maybe it ensures the “productivity” of mixed forests?

Something about the minimum age of trees

It is noticed that what older forest The more pristine and primitive it is, the greater the chances of coming across large accumulations of porcini mushrooms. But in young forest plantations you will most likely be with the old ones, but not with the white ones. For the latter require a huge period of time (according to some sources - from 20 to 50 years) to form a well-developed mycelium capable of bearing fruit on a maximum scale. Although, small harvests of whites sometimes occur in relatively young forests, but that’s just the point: they are small.

conclusions

Well, now is the time to sum up all of the above. So, where porcini mushrooms grow, there:

1. There are birches, pines, spruces, fir and oaks. And also other trees, but the number of mushrooms here will be noticeably smaller.
2. The trees are “mature”, that is, at least 20 years old, but older is better.
3. In relatively dry, non-wetlands.
4. Along the borders of forests and open areas, in places where trees are less common.
5. In the mountains.
6. On sandy, sandy loam and loamy soils.
7. Where mosses (sphagnum, cuckoo flax) and lichens grow on the ground.

Knowing these seven rules, you can safely go into the forest and quite successfully discover places where porcini mushrooms grow. However, I strongly recommend that you be observant and record any interesting points and draw your own conclusions regarding the places where mushrooms grow. And the more often you walk through the forest, the more mysteries and secrets it will reveal to you. And you will always come back with full baskets.

Yes, yes! Just don't forget to sharpen your knife well.

The porcini mushroom is perhaps the most famous representative of the mushroom kingdom, which could easily be called, without exaggeration, “the king among mushrooms.” Such fame came to him thanks to his extraordinary taste properties and appearance. The white mushroom itself (its Latin name Boletus edulis) belongs to the Boletaceae family, a species of boletus, due to which it is often also called boletus.

Why is the porcini mushroom called white?

The name “ceps” has a deep history that dates back to ancient times. The fact is that our distant ancestors, who lived centuries ago, often dried mushrooms rather than fried or stewed them. They noticed that when dried, this mushroom continues to remain white, hence its name. There is another version, according to which the white mushroom received its name due to its contrast with the less tasty “black” mushrooms, whose flesh tends to darken when cut.

White mushroom - description and photo, characteristics and properties

White mushroom cap

The porcini mushroom, as well as other mushrooms of the boletus genus, are famous for their aroma and piquant taste. The cap of the porcini mushroom is brownish-brown in color; it usually grows to 7-30 centimeters in diameter. Although in some, especially favorable places you can find a white mushroom with a cap 50 cm in diameter.

Good to know: you can determine the age of a porcini mushroom by looking at its cap. So the cap of a young mushroom has an almost artistic convex shape. But older mushrooms have a flatter cap. Also, the older the mushroom, the darker the color of the cap, and its surface itself becomes more rough.

Also, the cap of the porcini mushroom is pleasant to the touch; its upper skin is tightly bound to the pulp of the mushroom and for this reason it is difficult for it to separate from it. In dry or windy weather, the mushroom cap may become covered with deep wrinkles and cracks, causing damage to the internal pores of the mushroom. A thin film of mucus forms on the cap of the porcini mushroom.

White mushroom pulp

In a ripe porcini mushroom, it is usually juicy, dense, fleshy and, of course, white. But in old mushrooms it may turn a little yellow.

White mushroom leg

Typically, the height of the stem of an average porcini mushroom is 12 cm, but sometimes in the forest you can find real “giant porcini mushrooms” with a stem height of 25 cm. The shape of the stem of a porcini mushroom is barrel-like or club-shaped, but in old mushrooms it can be cylindrical, the diameter of the stem usually about 7 cm. The color of the leg can be from white to brown

Where do porcini mushrooms grow?

Almost everywhere, with the exception of, of course, cold Antarctica and Australia, which is also too dry for them. They are often found in European forests, including in our native Ukrainian Carpathians. You can also find them in Mexico, Far East and even northern Africa, their habitat is very wide.

When do porcini mushrooms grow?

The growth cycle of porcini mushrooms strongly depends on the place of their growth; in our latitudes, porcini mushrooms begin their growth in May-June, and end in October-November - the most mushroom months. Mushrooms often grow in families-colonies, so if you see a porcini mushroom in the forest, know that there are definitely its relatives nearby.

In which forests do porcini mushrooms grow?

Typically, porcini mushrooms like to grow in coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests under trees such as spruce, fir, pine, oak, and birch. You can find them in places that are overgrown with moss or lichen, but, alas, porcini mushrooms do not grow on swampy soils and peat bogs. In general, the porcini mushroom likes to bask in the sun, but it also happens that it grows in the shade. The porcini mushroom is a rare guest in the tundra, forest-tundra and steppe regions.

Types of porcini mushrooms, names and photos

In fact, there are several varieties of porcini mushrooms, and below we will write in detail about them.

He's a net boletus, Latin name"Boletus reticulatus" looks very similar to a moss fly. Its cap (6-30 cm in diameter) has a brown or ocher color. The leg is cylindrical. The pulp is white. The reticulated porcini mushroom can be found in beech, oak or chestnut forests of Europe, America, and Africa. This mushroom ripens earlier than other porcini mushrooms - in June-September, again depending on the habitat.

It is also known as bronze boletus, also known as copper or hornbeam boletus. It differs from other porcini mushrooms in the dark, even brown color of the cap and stem; sometimes similar mushrooms are even found completely black. The leg is also cylindrical. But the flesh of this mushroom is white in color and also has a very pleasant taste. The dark bronze porcini mushroom is particularly common in North America, but can also be found in Europe, especially in oak and beech forests.

Its other name is spikelet. A distinctive feature of this mushroom is its light color. The cap, reaching a diameter of 5-15 cm, is almost white in color; sometimes it comes in cream or light yellow colors. The stalk of the spikelet is barrel-shaped, the flesh is white. The birch mushroom grows exclusively under birch trees (hence the name) and is found throughout the habitat of porcini mushrooms, wherever there are birch trees.

Also known as boletus mushroom or boletus pine. It is distinguished by a large, dark-colored cap, which sometimes has a purple tint. The flesh of this mushroom has a brownish-red color. The stem of this mushroom is short but thick and has a brown or white color. You probably guessed by the name that this mushroom grows under pine trees and is found everywhere in the pine forests of Europe, America, and Asia.

The cap of the oak mushroom is brown, but with a gray tint. The flesh of this mushroom is looser than that of other types of porcini mushrooms. Lives in Caucasian oak forests.

The most common among porcini mushrooms. His hat is brown and reddish in color. The leg is long, but with a thickening at the bottom. It usually grows in pine and spruce forests in Europe.

Porcini mushroom - benefits, properties, vitamins, minerals

Porcini mushroom has a high mineral content, which makes it one of the most healthy mushrooms, so what are the benefits of porcini mushrooms?

• The pulp of the porcini mushroom contains the extremely useful substance selenium, which helps cure cancer in the early stages.
• Porcini mushroom also contains ascorbic acid, which is necessary for the normal functioning of human organs.
• The pulp of the porcini mushroom contains calcium, which is vital for the human body (especially bones).
• Riboflavin in the porcini mushroom improves hair and nail growth, and also helps regulate the thyroid gland.
• B vitamins, also present in porcini mushrooms, have a positive effect on the nervous system, memory and brain function in general, promote sound sleep, good mood, appetite.
• Lecithin, present in porcini mushroom, is useful for atherosclerosis and anemia, as it helps cleanse blood vessels of cholesterol.

Also, porcini mushroom has a low calorie content, it can be dried, fried, stewed and pickled for the winter. The taste of the porcini mushroom is simply excellent, although it itself is quite difficult to digest.

Good to know: of all the types of preparation of porcini mushrooms, it is mushrooms in dried form that are best absorbed by humans, with the use of dried mushrooms Up to 80% of porcini mushroom proteins enter the body. It is not without reason that nutritionists advise eating dried porcini mushrooms.

Harm of porcini mushroom

Despite all the benefits of porcini mushroom described above, it can also cause poisoning.

• The porcini mushroom contains chitin, and it is poorly absorbed by children, pregnant women, and people with problems with the digestive system and kidney diseases.
• Porcini mushrooms can accumulate toxic substances from the soil in which they grow. Therefore, you should not collect mushrooms growing near industrial facilities, highways, landfills, and so on.
• Some people may experience allergic reactions for fungal spores.
• Also, poisoning can result from the mistaken use of a double of the porcini mushroom, known as gall mushroom or golchak. We will write about it further.

False porcini mushroom (gall mushroom). How to distinguish a white mushroom from a false one?

• The most important difference between a false porcini mushroom and a genuine one is the color of the cut; in a false mushroom it will darken or become pinkish-brown. The white flesh, as we wrote above, always remains white.
• The gall mushroom on the stalk has a very bright pattern in the form of a mesh, which a real porcini mushroom does not have.
• The tubular layer of the false porcini mushroom has a pinkish tint, while that of the edible porcini mushroom is yellow or white.
• Also, the gall mushroom has a bitter taste, and it remains bitter even after boiling or frying.

Growing porcini mushrooms at home on a personal plot

Planting and growing porcini mushrooms in your garden is the dream of many owners. Well, it is quite possible to make it a reality. The technology for growing porcini mushrooms at home is not that complicated. Although it will require perseverance, patience and maximum accuracy from you. But keep in mind that the porcini mushroom is a forest citizen that cannot live without symbiosis with a tree, so it would be ideal if your country cottage area adjacent to the forest. If it is not adjacent, then at least several trees should grow there, such as pine, birch, oak or spruce.

In general, there are two main ways to grow mushrooms at home in the country: growing from mycelium and growing from spores that are located in the mushroom cap. Below we will describe them in detail.

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium

First of all, you need to purchase porcini mushroom mycelium in a special store. Then you can begin preparing the area for planting mushrooms. The preparation itself is best done in May, but not later than September.

• Around a tree (be it oak, birch, pine, spruce) it is necessary to expose the soil by removing 15-20 cm of the top layer, thus creating a circle with a diameter of 1-1.5 meters. The soil should be saved for later covering the area.
• Peat or well-ripened compost is placed on the finished plot.
• Pieces of the acquired mycelium are laid out on the soil prepared in this way; it is advisable to lay them out in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 30-35 cm.
• Then you need to cover the planted mycelium with a layer of soil that you initially removed. Then the whole thing needs to be carefully watered (2-3 buckets per tree, but only so as not to wash away the soil).
• The area with mycelium can be covered with a layer of straw, which will maintain the necessary humidity and prevent the mycelium from drying out.
• Before the onset of winter frosts, the area must be covered with forest moss to create a protective “cover” from frost. In early spring this “blanket” will need to be carefully removed with a rake.

The first harvest of excellent porcini mushrooms will be in just a year, and if you do everything correctly, then your home mycelium will bear fruit for 3-5 years.

Growing porcini mushrooms from caps

First, you will need to collect caps from wild mushrooms, always ripe ones, or even better, overripe ones. The diameter of the caps should be at least 10-15 cm. Also remember under which trees the mushrooms whose caps you picked grew under, then they will need to be planted exactly under these same trees.

• The collected caps are carefully separated from the stems and soaked in water for 24 hours. (you can add 3-5 tablespoons per 10 liters to water).
• After a day, you need to thoroughly grind the soaked mushroom caps to a homogeneous mass, then strain it through a layer of gauze, separating water solution with fungal spores from mushroom tissue.
• The preparation of the place for planting porcini mushrooms is identical to what we have already described in the first option.
• Then the water with the spores must be poured onto the fertile cushion, stirring the aqueous solution periodically.

Caring for a mushroom meadow involves watering it, although not frequently, regularly and abundantly.

How to collect more porcini mushrooms, video

And in conclusion, a useful video life hack for mushroom pickers on how to collect more porcini mushrooms.

With the onset of mushroom season, hunters for these gifts rush into the forests. Some people prefer redheads; Some people prefer boletus or russula, boletus or boletus, but almost everyone wants to find porcini mushroom. Therefore, all mushroom pickers want to know how to properly look for the places where porcini mushrooms grow and by what signs they can be identified.

It is important to understand and be able to determine the time when the mycelium is ready to produce the greatest harvest, how to properly look for porcini mushrooms so that the search is crowned with success.

Before deciding where to collect porcini mushrooms, you should understand what this trophy of a quiet hunt looks like. There are several main versions, but they all agree on one thing: this mushroom is popularly called white because it does not change its color when processed. In nature, mushrooms are called boletus mushrooms, and they grow mainly in colonies.

Experts say that their appearance directly depends on where this porcini mushroom grows.

1. Birch mushroom is different in that it can grow singly or in groups. They often grow in birch forests and are distinguished by the fact that the cap is white or light yellow in color, and the leg is pale brown. Unlike other species, this mushroom can be distinguished by a characteristic light mesh near the cap.
2. The oak species is large in size and is located mainly near oak plantings. The stem of this mushroom has a coffee tint or other light brown tones and a velvety skin. A brown mesh covers the entire stem of the mushroom.
3. The pine species differs from others in its bright color and impressive size: the cap reaches up to 20 cm in diameter and has a red wine color. The leg is painted olive color, covered with a red mesh.

Depending on the forest in which porcini mushrooms grow, their appearance changes. Experienced mushroom pickers also know how to correctly determine the beginning of the mushroom season and hunting for this particular variety.

The porcini mushroom itself is a capricious species. Its qualitative and quantitative growth requires special conditions that take into account its increased sensitivity to meteorological changes and other climatic parameters. This little king loves shade and moisture, and is suspicious of direct sunlight and drought.

Time and location of boletus mushrooms

Borovik has rightfully taken the position of king of mushrooms and, like a real titled person, does not like to attract attention to himself. Perhaps this is why the answer to the question of where to look for them has many variations, except for one: never look for porcini mushrooms in open, steppe areas.

1. Boletuses grow on almost all continents, with the only exceptions being Australia and Antarctica. This king especially prefers areas where there are mosses, lichens, loamy or sandy soils.
2. In a pine, spruce or birch forest, the porcini mushroom is a frequent resident, especially if it old forest. In addition, in these places, boletus mushrooms mainly grow not singly, but in entire colonies, which attracts experienced mushroom pickers who want to collect whole baskets of forest gifts.
3. Ecologists argue that the more remote the forest area is from settlements, the greater the likelihood of finding a good fungus that has not absorbed toxic waste and chemical decay products. You can safely eat such gifts without fear of harming your health.

Spruce and pine trees, under which last year's and the year before last's needles lie in a thick carpet, often serve as an indicator that porcini mushrooms grow in this particular forest.

When is the best time to collect boletus mushrooms?

Even children know that spring and winter are absolutely unsuitable seasons for quiet hunting. That is why experienced mushroom pickers are looking forward to summer time when you can pick mushrooms after the first warm rainy days.

The answer to the question of when to collect porcini mushrooms depends on the area in which the hunter is going to do it. There is no definite answer, but, according to many years of observations, it was concluded that in June this type of vegetable protein is already present in the forests.

1. An indicator that boletus mushrooms can already be found in the forests is, first of all, the weather. After warm rains against the backdrop of stable warmth, you can safely go wandering through the forests, since the king of mushrooms is most likely already waiting for the first amateur mushroom pickers.
2. In the autumn, you can also find such mushrooms, but the likelihood that they will be edible is too low. Such gifts grow very quickly; in 10 days they can outgrow their taste. In addition to humans, this mushroom is also favored by ants, worms and other insects, which is why it quickly becomes damaged by them and, accordingly, unsuitable for food.
3. If the weather outside is stable, humid and warm, then this mushroom can be found in the forests from June to October, provided there are no early frosts. But the best time to collect boletus mushrooms is July and August, when summer rains give way to warm, hot days.

In dry summers, they look for this mushroom closer to the trees, where they hide in the shade from the scorching arid rays of the sun. During the wet summer season, on the contrary, it willingly grows in open areas, as it loves moisture, air and cloudy weather.

Collection rules

In order to be guaranteed to get a delicious forest trophy, it is important to follow the basic rules of collection. It is not enough to simply understand where it is best to look for boletus, it is also worth knowing and taking into account the time of day when this can be done productively and efficiently.

1. You should come for mushrooms after sunrise, since at this time of day they are most visible and practically do not hide from the hunter.
2. Particular care should be taken to inspect the soil with admixtures of sand and loam, and non-flooded areas.
3. Particular attention should be paid to small specimens with a cap diameter of no more than 4 cm. It is believed that this species is the most optimal for consumption, moreover, insects do not have time to penetrate it and do not spoil it from the inside.
4. The found mushroom is cut off carefully, avoiding damage to the mycelium. In the absence of a cutting tool, it is allowed to carefully twist the mushroom.
5. The trophy is examined and cleaned of possible pests if it is not possible to select whole mushrooms at once.
6. If the trophy has a small or standard leg, then it is placed in the basket with the cap down. Mushrooms with long stems should be carefully placed on their sides.
7. It is not advisable to take specimens that are too large and overripe for processing; it is better to leave them on the ground.
8. Healthy boletus mushrooms are not afraid of frost, so small and strong mushrooms can be taken even after the first frost.

Collected mushrooms require processing within the next ten hours, otherwise they will lose some of the beneficial and taste qualities.

When collecting boletus mushrooms, it is also important to take into account the fact that in nature there is an inedible mushroom called false white. This species differs from its healthy counterpart in its strong bitterness, so experienced mushroom pickers not only know how to distinguish it by appearance, but also by its strong bitterness.

Mushroom pickers also advise that when collecting boletus mushrooms, take into account the peculiarities of the local fauna: this mushroom willingly coexists with blueberries, lingonberries, and heather. It does not ignore porcini mushrooms and anthills, but at the same time has an absolutely negative attitude towards ravines. Therefore, when searching for the king of mushrooms, it is recommended to safely avoid ravines.