English oak: photo and description, characteristics and interesting facts. The common oak tree is a green symbol of wisdom

English oak, or common oak (in Latin Quercus robur or Quercus pedunculata) is a perennial, deciduous tree, which belongs to the Beech family (photo below). This type of oak is one of the most widespread tree species in temperate Europe. In addition, it is the most durable tree that grows on an impressive plot of forestry in Ukraine.

Common oak

Description of the plant

The pedunculate oak is capable of growing to incredible sizes, because the average height of such a tree is 20-50 meters with a tent-shaped or wide-pyramidal crown and very massive branches. The trunk thickness is 1-1.5 meters.
In newly planted trees, the covering bark is gray in color and smooth to the touch. In older specimens, it is much darker and thicker; in addition, it is very rough, with many longitudinal cracks. The young shoots that sprout on the tree are completely bare or have a slight covering of fluff, slightly reddish in color with many buds. The root system of the pedunculate oak is more than well developed, all roots are directed down to the depths of the soil, and their length is equal to the height of the tree that it has above the ground.

The foliage covering the branches is alternate, short-petiolate, elongated-obovate in shape with a downward narrowing (from 7 to 40 centimeters). The leaf blades are blunt, rounded with small notches between them. All new leaves are covered with fine fluff, the old ones have edges only on the veins.

The flowers that bloom on the oak tree are unisexual, and the oak tree itself is monoecious. Staminate flowers are earrings (on each flower, 6-10 stamens are concentrated). Pistillate flowers are collected 2-5 in the axils of the upper leaves; they are small, up to 2 millimeters in diameter. There is only one pistil with a red 3-lobed ovary.

In the photo - earrings of common oak

The pedunculate oak bears fruit with nuts (acorns), which grow naked, Brown, ranging in size from 1.5 to 8 centimeters. The acorn is placed in a so-called saucer, or cup-shaped bowl (0.5-1 centimeter in length).

In total, there are 2 seasonal forms that the pedunculate oak has - early and late. In early oak, flowering occurs quickly, and the foliage begins to bloom in mid-spring (April), but with the arrival of winter it already has time to fall. In late oaks, foliage appears several weeks later, so young plants can remain with foliage throughout the winter.

Growing

Planting an oak tree is not as easy as it seems at first glance. Despite the complexity of this process, this powerful tree can be grown not only in forests, but also in a personal or garden plot.

To properly grow a tree, you must adhere to several conditions, which are described below:

• Rationally selected planting site on the site;
• The nature of the soil;
• Environment.

The choice of seat is one of the most important moments. A mistake can result in the loss of all your invested efforts. The first step is to ensure that water does not stagnate in the area. Also, the place where the tree will grow must be sunny. The composition of the soil should be sufficiently fertile, with an acidity level (from weak to neutral). Suitable for this type of oak are the types of soil in which plants from deciduous forests.

How to grow an oak tree from an acorn?

To grow a tree from an ordinary acorn, you need:

The first step is to find a high-quality acorn and do everything to preserve it as much as possible before planting it in the soil in the spring. Of course, it can be planted in the fall, but there is a high probability that it will be eaten by earth mice in the winter. The most suitable acorns are considered to be those that fall from the tree at the very last stage; based on this, they are advised to be collected at the end of September or in October. Under the largest trees, you can find the highest quality acorns for planting.

The correct conditions for storing an acorn that will be planted in the future is considered to be a cool room; it can be stored either in the basement or in the refrigerator. To protect it from drying out, temperature regime should be around 0 degrees. In addition, normal storage requires moderate air humidity and normal air circulation, so you cannot use hermetically sealed packaging to store acorns. If you keep the planting acorn in a room, then before spring it will dry out and lose its properties.

How to distinguish a living acorn from a dead one?

A living and high-quality pedunculate oak acorn is light yellow inside, while a dead one has black insides. In a great way To check viability is a test with immersion in water: a living acorn will sink, and a dead acorn will float.

The germination rate of the acorn is very slow. Planting should be done as soon as the first warming occurs. To grow several oak seedlings at once, it is recommended to plant them at a distance of 20 centimeters from each other. The planting depth is at least 15 centimeters, the acorn lies horizontally. First, a root appears from it, and only after that a shoot appears. Mostly 1-2 week old seedlings are on sale.

Planting seedlings and caring for oak

It is recommended to plant an adult oak in early spring, before the leaves begin to bloom. The place should be well lit, protected from the wind and with normal level moisture. It is good if it is surrounded by bushes. These conditions will help the tree develop more quickly.

Photo of a small oak seedling

To carry out planting, you need to make a hole in the ground (with a stick), the depth of which should be about 25 centimeters. The root of the seedling is straight, taplike, and there are practically no lateral branches. Immersion in the ground is carried out until the remains of the acorn are at a level of 2-3 centimeters from the level of the soil ball. The soil around the seedling needs to be compacted.

It is easy to care for the seedling. The main care consists of timely weeding and periodic watering, especially during periods when the weather is dry outside. In order for the oak tree to be well prepared for winter, watering is stopped a month before the leaves begin to fall.

Among pests and diseases, pedunculate oak is very sensitive to powdery mildew. The disease manifests itself as white plaque on the foliage. To eliminate this problem, use the method of spraying with a 1% solution of copper sulfate or colloidal sulfur. If winter passes with severe frosts, it is recommended to cover young trees with acrylic.

(Quercus robur L.)
Synonyms: common oak

English oak is a deciduous tree, reaching 50 m in height, of the beech family (Fagaceae). The bark of old trees (from 50-60 years old) is brown-gray, fissured, up to 10 cm thick, of young trunks and branches it is silver-gray, fissured, of young shoots it is smooth, olive-brown. The buds are hemispherical, light brown, with cilia along the edges of the scales. The leaves are simple, alternate, oblong-obovate, lobed, with short petioles, glabrous, shiny, green with prominent veins and clearly defined ears at the base. The flowers are unisexual, the plant is monoecious. Males have greenish-yellow long dangling earrings, females are reddish, one or several on short stalks. The fruits are acorns, brownish-yellow with oblong stripes and a spine at the top, immersed in a shallow cup-shaped plus. Reproduction is by seed; Acorns are carried by birds. English oak begins to bear fruit at the age of 40-60 years. Abundant harvests of acorns are repeated after 4-8 years.

Renewal is also carried out by stump growth. It blooms in late April - early May (during the blooming of leaves and the beginning of the growth of young shoots), the fruits ripen in September - early October. Oak lives up to 400-500 years, individual trees - up to 1500-2000 years, reaching 4 m in diameter. The oldest Stelmuk oak tree in Europe (located in Lithuania) is 2000 years old. Grows in deciduous forests and oak forests. Oak refers to heat-loving trees. Often suffers from late spring frosts. It is relatively light-loving, and at a young age, when it grows slowly, it is often drowned out by fast-growing trees (birch, aspen and hornbeam). Therefore, it requires care - clarification by cutting down fast-growing species.

Not a single tree enjoyed such love and honor among the peoples of Europe as the oak. The Slavs, ancient Greeks, and Romans considered it sacred, worshiped it, and attributed miraculous properties to it. It was believed that the oak was given by the gods to people as a great gift. Without the permission of the priests it was impossible to cut down an oak tree or break off a branch. In Greece, an oak branch was a symbol of strength, power, and nobility. Oak branches were awarded to warriors who accomplished great feats. The Greeks believed that the oak appeared on earth earlier than other trees, and dedicated it to the god of light, science and art, Apollo. The Slavs dedicated the oak to Perun. The Slavs held meetings, trials, and wedding ceremonies under the sacred oak trees.

Collection and drying of raw materials. Oak bark is mainly used as a medicinal raw material. It is harvested during sap flow (which coincides with bud bursting), without a cork layer on the outside and wood on the inside. To collect bark, only young trees cut down at logging sites and sanitary fellings can be used. Dry it under shelters in the open air or in well-ventilated areas. IN good weather can be dried in the sun. Dry bark breaks when bent, while under-dried bark bends. It is necessary to ensure that the bark does not become moist during drying, as this will cause it to lose a significant part of the tannins it contains. The shelf life of raw materials is 5 years. Dry bark has no odor, but when soaked in water and especially when washed hot water a characteristic smell characteristic of fresh bark appears. The taste is very astringent.

Pharmacological properties. Galenic preparations of oak bark have astringent, anti-inflammatory and anti-putrefactive properties. The plant's tannins (tannin) are responsible for the main tanning effect. When applying galenic preparations of oak or tannin to wounds or mucous membranes, interaction with proteins is observed, and a protective film is formed that protects tissues from local irritation. This slows down the inflammation process and reduces pain. Tannins denature protoplasmic proteins pathogenic microorganisms, which leads to a delay in their development or death.

Application in medicine. The bark of young branches and thin trunks is used as an astringent, for rinsing with gingivitis, stomatitis, inflammatory processes of the pharynx, pharynx, larynx and for the treatment of burns, replacing imported ratania. In homeopathy - for tumors of the spleen and liver, for alcoholism. In France, a decoction is used for tuberculosis and rickets. In England, the ointment is used to treat frostbite. English oak infusion - for gastritis and enteritis, stomach ulcers, gastric bleeding, colitis, dysentery, cholera. Lotions - for skin diseases, bedsores, enemas and suppositories - for hemorrhoids and anal fissures, douching - for vaginal diseases and polymenorrhea, baths - for hyperhidrosis. Infusions and decoctions - for frostbite. Antidote for poisoning with alkaloids and salts of heavy metals. The decoction has a pronounced deodorizing effect. IN folk medicine(inside) - for gynecological diseases, heavy menstruation, diarrhea, gastric ulcers, dysentery, gastrointestinal diseases, liver and spleen diseases, thyroid gland, rickets, cholera, pyelonephritis; externally - for sweating, for washing bleeding hemorrhoids and purulent wounds, rinsing the throat and mouth during inflammation, to eliminate bad breath, to remove calluses; ointment - for burns and frostbite. Oak bark is included in bath mixtures for scrofula and rickets.

Leaves. In Azerbaijan, infusion and decoction - with diabetes mellitus. They have an astringent, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effect. Juice - for diabetes.

Gauls. Lotions from freshly prepared decoction or powder - for gastrointestinal disorders, burns, purulent wounds, lichen, eczema, skin tuberculosis.

Acorns. Acorn coffee and dry powder - for colitis, scrofula. Infusion and decoction - for rickets, anemia, nervous diseases, polymenorrhea, scrofulosis, diabetes. Juice - similar to infusion and decoction.

Dosage forms, route of administration and doses. Decoction of oak bark (Decoctum corticis Quercus); 20 g (2 tablespoons) of raw materials are placed in an enamel bowl, poured with 200 ml of hot boiled water, covered with a lid and heated in boiling water (in a water bath) for 30 minutes, cooled for 10 minutes at room temperature, filtered, the remaining raw materials are squeezed out, the volume of the resulting The broth is brought to 200 ml with boiled water. The prepared broth is stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days. Used for rinsing - 8 times a day as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa, pharynx, pharynx, larynx, gingivitis, stomatitis.
Oak bark (Cortex Quercus) is available in packs of 100 g. Store in a cool, dry place.
* Decoction of oak bark: 40 g of raw material is poured into 250 ml of water, boiled for 30 minutes, left for 2 hours. Used in the form of lotions, enemas, baths, rinses.
* Infusion of oak bark: 10 g of raw material is infused in 400 ml of chilled boiled water for 6 hours, then filtered. Take 1/2 cup 3-4 times a day before meals.
* Oak leaf juice: squeezed from fresh leaves collected immediately after flowering. Take 1/2-1 teaspoon of juice with honey (1:1), diluted in warm water, 3 times a day.
* Oak acorn juice: squeezed from green acorns. Take 1-3 tablespoons with honey (1:1) on an empty stomach 3-5 times a day.
* Oak bark ointment: 2 parts of oak bark powder, 1 part of black poplar buds are mixed with 7 parts of butter, kept in a warm oven for 12 hours, then boiled over low heat or a water bath for 30 minutes, filtered.
* Acorns: dried, peeled seeds are fried until pink.
* Acorn coffee: Grind roasted acorns into powder and brew like coffee.
* Powder from dried galls or fresh galls: lubricate eczema, lichen, burns.

Applications in other areas. It is used for afforestation of mountain slopes and in protective plantings. Oak can be planted along irrigation canals, since its root system does not drain the walls of the canals and does not destroy their covering. Wood is used in shipbuilding, for various buildings, crafts, sleepers, parquet, in furniture and cooperage production. Waste - for the production of tanning extracts. After a long stay in water, oak becomes “stained”, has a black color, but does not lose its strength - it is valued in all sorts of crafts. Tannides contained in oak wood give drinks a unique taste and aroma. Powder from the bark of young branches and thin trunks in veterinary medicine - for sprinkling wounds, decoctions and mixtures - as an astringent and antiputrefactive agent for dyspepsia, gastritis and enteritis in farm animals, for bloody urine and poisoning poisonous plants, in the form of infusions and decoctions - as an anti-inflammatory agent for burns and frostbite. Good tanning agent for hard leathers; produces yellow, green, dark brown and black paints. The leaves are suitable for dyeing fabrics and wool black. Food for oak silkworms. The leaves are used as a spicy and aromatic addition when pickling cucumbers. The galls are suitable for making black ink, gray and brown dyes, and for tanning sole leather. Acorns in veterinary medicine - as an astringent and anti-putrefactive agent; orally in the form of powders, porridges and mixtures - for gastritis and enteritis. Acorns are a substitute for coffee; peeled - to obtain starch and flour. Feed for pigs, large cattle, horses, geese and wild animals.

The yield of acorns in an oak forest is up to 2 t/ha. In beekeeping it is important mainly as a pollen bearer, but in some years, with a favorable combination of meteorological factors, it produces nectar and is then visited in abundance by bees. However, honeydew often appears on oak trees, from which bees produce honeydew honey, which is of low quality and unsuitable for wintering.

Beech family. English oak is a tree with a tall trunk and a highly branched crown. To recognize pedunculate oak in the wild, you need to know its distinctive features.

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English oak – description of the tree, photos and videos

The crown of this tree is highly branched and has a wide pyramidal shape. Its young buds are ovoid, covered a large number scales. The buds located at the top are pentagonal in shape and brown or light brown in color.

They are often surrounded by lateral buds. On the cut of the trunk, the core is five-rayed, and the core is dark or light brown. Wood is highly valued in the market due to its strength and hardness.

The leaves can have either an obovate or oblong-obovate shape with an average long leaf blade of 7-15 centimeters, with a petiole length of about 5 millimeters. In spring they have a reddish tint, but by summer they turn green and become more shiny.

Male flowers are pendulous catkins 2-3 centimeters long, emerging from the bud scales. They have a simple perianth consisting of yellow-green lanceolate-shaped leaves and 4-7 stamens.

In the axils of the upper leaves of the shoots, female flowers with short pedicels are formed, which subsequently form inflorescences.

Each such inflorescence contains from 3 to 12 flowers. The perianth is cup-shaped, with 6 lobes. At the apex of the oval ovary there are three fleshy, oval stigmas. Flowering season is May.

The fruit of the oak tree is an acorn, its length is 2-3 centimeters. Externally, it is oblong, gray or brown in color with longitudinal green stripes. Acorns ripen in the fall, in September or October.

This type of oak has become widespread from the Urals to the Iberian Peninsula; it can be found throughout Europe. The northern border of the range is in Scandinavia, and the southern border passes through Krivoy Rog, Dnepropetrovsk, Chisinau, the mouth of the Northern Donets River, south of Volgograd, and goes to Saratov.

Also, small fragments of the range were discovered in the Caucasus and Crimea. Often found in coniferous-deciduous forests. Rarely found in the southern taiga, mainly in valleys large rivers. In the steppe zone it forms valley, ravine and ravine forests. often used in the steppe zone in shelterbelts.

Due to its relative resistance to atmospheric pollution, it can grow in the surrounding area. chemical production. It needs light more than other trees growing in the broadleaf forest and is afraid of darkness. If it does happen, then the lateral one will be tolerated by the tree better than the apical one. Because of its heat-loving nature, oak is able to penetrate into the southern regions of the steppe, where more moisture-loving trees do not survive.

Acorns do not require a rest period to germinate. It was also noticed that large acorns are more viable and germinate than small ones. At the beginning of the development of the seedling, the main root is formed, and after it the main stem appears. During the first year of a young oak's life, its root can reach 50 centimeters in length.

The trend of faster growth of the root compared to the stem persists for several years, and this increases the viability of young plants in unfavorable conditions environment. At the age of 30 to 50 years, the main axis of the tree lengthens, and because of this, the top of the crown has a sharp shape. At the age of 100 years it becomes dome-shaped. Oak can live up to 500-600 years.

The yield of acorns is variable: it depends both on the year and on the habitat. The best yield is observed at intervals of 3-10 years, but if conditions are favorable, it can persist for several years in a row. Productivity can be reduced by spring frosts during the flowering period. The oak tree has an interesting ability - it can grow together with the branches of neighboring relatives. Such cases were registered in the Lower Volga region, in trees aged 70-80 years.

The economic importance of oak is very great. Even in the Stone Age, primitive people made various tools from it. Later, peasants made wheels and agricultural utensils from it. Also, our ancestors, even in pre-Christian times, made canoes from oak, which they used for trade expeditions to the southern countries.

This direction developed, and by the end of the 18th century, oak wood was used everywhere in shipbuilding. It was also used in construction, and sometimes entire cities were built from it. But over-harvesting of this tree has made it rarer and scarcer, and has led to a decline in its use. At excavations in the Kirovograd region (Ukraine), acorn flour was discovered, from which bread was baked 5000 years ago. Nowadays, it is used to make coffee.

English oak, or rather its bark, has been used since ancient times for tanning leather, fishing nets, etc. In Rus' there was even a special profession - “oak crusher” - a person who crushed oak bark for tanning.

Let's watch the video - it's not common oak- this is English oak

English oak (common oak): properties and applications

Everyone probably knows about oak. But not everyone knows that there are more than 600 biological species plants of the genus Oak. And English oak (common, English, summer) is just one of them.

The Oak genus belongs to the Beech family (Fagaceae). Many species of oak trees are evergreens. Almost all of them originate from the Northern Hemisphere.

In Russia, the most widespread and famous is the pedunculate oak (lat. Quercus robur). In the West of our country and in Black Sea coast Sessile oak (lat. Quercus petraea) is common in the Caucasus. But further we will talk only about the oak that is stated in the title of the article.

Translated into Russian Latin name plants means "beautiful strong tree." The majesty of the pedunculate oak is glorified in the folklore of a wide variety of peoples: from the Mediterranean to the rocky mountains of Scandinavia.

Biological description of pedunculate oak

English oak is a tree that can reach a height of 45 m. Average duration The lifespan of these trees is 300-400 years, but there are specimens that are about 2000 years old. Of course, such oaks differ from their other representatives and are taken into account. Thus, the Stelmuz Oak, which grows in Lithuania and has received the status of a natural monument, reaches a diameter of 13 m at the base. According to scientists, its age ranges from 1500 to 200 years.
The oak owes its longevity to the tannins contained in its bark, which have a detrimental effect on pests, pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

And this despite the fact that oak grows in height for no more than 200 years, and then only continues to increase in thickness.

Oak has a very powerful root system, tap-like. Immediately after germination, the young oak tree puts out a long tap root, and upon reaching 6-8 years of age, lateral roots begin to develop, also going deep into the ground.

The crown of the pedunculate oak can acquire different shape depending on growing conditions: from wide-pyramidal to tent-like. Most often it is spreading, asymmetrical (most of the crown faces the south). It is noteworthy that the trunk of young trees is irregular, geniculate, but straightens with age.

The oak bark is dark gray, blackish, and thick. As the plant matures (by the age of 20-30), it begins to form deep cracks, and in old tree specimens the thickness of the bark can reach 10 cm.

The “attraction” of the pedunculate oak is also the shape of the leaf. An oak leaf cannot be confused with anything. Oak leaves are pinnately shaped, from 40 to 120 mm long, from 25 to 70 mm wide, with 4-7 lobes. Hard, leathery, bare to the touch.

Oak trees begin to bear fruit late, only at 40-60 years of age. Its fruit - an acorn - from a botanical point of view is a real nut. In pedunculate oak, the acorns are bare, brownish-brown in color, from 1.5 to 3.5 cm long. Acorns ripen in September-October.

This plant received its specific name “petiolate” due to its long stalks reaching 8 cm.

There are 2 forms of pedunculate oak - early and late. Early oak leaves bloom as early as April, and always fall off in the fall. In late oak, the leaves bloom 2-3 weeks later, and are not always shed for the winter (especially in young plants), although they die off at the end of the growing season.

Distribution of English oak

This type of oak has a very wide distribution area. It is found almost throughout the territory Western Europe, in the European part of Russia, with outbreaks entering northern Africa and Western Asia. The northern border of the common oak runs along the south of Finland and the north Leningrad region. By the way, thanks to the influence warm current Along the Gulf Stream in Norway, the oak range reaches 65°N, but as one moves east, the northern border of the pedunculate oak range shifts to the south, and in Siberia, the pedunculate oak natural conditions is no longer found at all, although it can easily be found in plantings in the southern regions of Siberia and the Far East.

Thanks to settlers from Europe, oak groves can be found in North America.

In the broad-leaved forests of Europe, common oak is one of the main forest-forming species. Next to it you can find linden, hornbeam, maple, ash, elm, beech, birch, pine, spruce, fir, etc. In the taiga zone, oak occurs alone, that is, it does not form continuous thickets.

Young plants are shade-loving and require lateral shading for their normal development. As they say, “an oak tree grows with a fur coat, but without a cap.” However, as the oak grows older, it becomes more and more light-loving. The plant is quite demanding on soil fertility.

Procurement of common oak raw materials

The bark of this plant is mainly harvested for phytotherapeutic purposes. The optimal harvesting period is April-May, when intense sap flow occurs.

The bark is removed from young branches and thin trunks (up to 10 cm in diameter). To avoid extermination of the plant, this is allowed only in areas allocated for felling (cutting areas) or during thinning fellings.

To remove the bark from the branches and trunk, you need to make circular cuts every 30 cm, which are then connected with longitudinal slits, after which the bark peels off more easily. The technology is exactly the same as when removing birch bark from a birch tree.

Then the bark needs to be dried, and this should be done in rooms with good ventilation or under a canopy. After drying, the bark is stored in a dry and well-ventilated area, shelf life is up to 5 years.

Chemical composition of pedunculate oak bark

Found in the bark:

• tannins (the group of these substances owes its very name to pedunculate oak);
• flavonoids (quercetin, etc.);
• ellagic and gallic acids;
• pentosans;
• phlobafen;
• pectins;
• sugar and starch;
• slime;
• proteins.

Beneficial properties of common oak bark

Herbal preparations obtained from the bark of this plant have the following properties:

• astringent;
• anti-inflammatory;
• antiputrefactive.

In the cortex in large quantities contains tannins such as tannin. If tannin or oak herbal preparations are applied to mucous membranes or wounds, a chemical interaction will occur with the skin proteins, and a film will immediately form that will protect the tissue from local irritation. All this helps to stop inflammatory processes and reduce pain. In addition, the tannins contained in oak bark have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microorganisms.

Since ancient times, English oak bark has been used as an anti-inflammatory and astringent in the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity (for example, stomatitis, periodontal disease), halitosis, diseases of the upper respiratory tract (pharyngitis, gingivitis and others), internal bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, with increased sweating of the feet, heavy menstruation, poisoning with lead and copper salts, mushroom poisoning, as well as diseases of the spleen and liver.

Oak bark has proven itself especially well in the treatment of chronic enterocolitis, inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract and bladder. Externally, oak preparations are used in the treatment of chronic purulent ulcers, a number of pustular skin diseases, non-healing wounds, bleeding hemorrhoids and fissures in the anus, for colpitis, eczema, frostbite and in general in dermatological practice.

Oak bark is included in various herbal preparations and more complex complex medicines.

Acorns have also found medicinal use. From them, a coffee surrogate is prepared, which contains a huge amount of mineral elements and vitamins, indicated for anemia (anemia), scrofula (especially in children), rickets and a wide variety of gastrointestinal diseases. Doctors also recommend drinking this drink during heavy menstruation, stress and nervous exhaustion.

Recipes for using common oak bark

1. The decoction is used to gargle and mouth, for enemas, baths and lotions. To prepare it, you need to take 20-40 g of crushed bark, pour 200 ml of boiling water and leave, covered, for half an hour. Then the broth is cooled and filtered. If this decoction is diluted with vodka in a 1:1 ratio, then it can be used to wipe the face (like lotion) for various inflammatory skin diseases.

2. The infusion is used as an internal remedy for the above diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system. To prepare it, pour 10 g of bark into 2 cups of cold boiling water and leave for about half a day. Then the infusion is filtered. Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day.

3. An ointment based on oak bark is used in the treatment of the mentioned skin diseases. To prepare it, the bark is ground into powder (you can use a coffee grinder), and then mixed with butter and black poplar buds. The ratio of the marked components is 2:7:1. It will be even better if you keep this mixture in the oven for about 12 hours.

Contraindications to the use of pedunculate oak bark

There are no special contraindications, so you only need to focus on individual intolerance. To avoid allergic reaction Pediatricians recommend using oak bark preparations with caution in young children.

or summer - Quercus robur L. (Q. pedunculata Ehrh.)

Large powerful tree up to 40 m tall and 1-1.5 m trunk diameter. with a wide pyramidal and highly branched crown. Young shoots are reddish-brown or grayish in color, with numerous light lentils. The buds are ovoid, imbricately covered with numerous scales. The pith is five-rayed, with clearly visible medullary rays, with a light or dark brown core. The wood is hard, heavy and durable and therefore ranks high and is highly valued in the world market.

It grows slowly. The active growth phase is observed in the first 20 years when the annual growth is 30 cm in height and 20 cm in width.

The leaves are obovate or oblong-obovate, 7-15 cm long, on petioles about 5 mm, pinnately lobed (usually 6 pairs of lobes), reddish in spring, green in summer, leathery, slightly shiny.

Male flowers are collected in hanging earrings 2-3 cm long, emerging from the axils of the bud scales. The perianth is simple, consisting of 5-7 yellow-green lanceolate leaflets, about 3 mm long. Stamens 4-7. Female flowers collected in inflorescences (from 3 to 12 flowers each), which are formed in the axils of the upper leaves of the shoots. Pedicels are short, almost sessile. When the fruit ripens, the perianth grows into a cup-shaped plus. Its outer surface is tuberculate, with small scales. Blooms in May.

The fruit is an oblong acorn, 2-3 cm long, single-seeded (occasionally with 2-3 seeds). When mature, it is gray or brown with longitudinal green stripes. Ripens in September-October.

Relatively resistant to air pollution and at moderate concentrations toxic substances continues to exist in the vicinity of chemical plants. Soil compaction in places with excessive recreational load leads to dry crowns. It also grows in river floodplains, withstanding short floods. It is more light-loving than other components of broad-leaved forests (ash, linden, maple) and does not tolerate apical shading compared to lateral shading. Thanks to its thermophilic nature and drought resistance, it “penetrates” into the southern regions steppe zone, where its more moisture-loving “companions” can no longer grow.

Oak usually lives up to 500-600 (1500) years. Old oaks are often dry-topped and at the same time form water shoots from dormant buds in the crown.

IN late XVIII centuries, oak was widely used in shipbuilding. Also, tyns, bridges, churches, and sometimes entire cities were built from it. At a later time due to shortage building material oak began to be used only where it was impossible to do without it: for the manufacture of beams, doors, windows, floorboards (blocks), parquet strips, etc. Since ancient times, oak bark has been used for tanning leather, canvas, fishing nets, etc.

English oak is quite stable in an industrial environment and has long been valued in landscaping (solitary plantings, alleys, large parks and forested areas). Application: Single plantings, groups, arrays, alleys.

Homeland: Europe, Crimea, Caucasus.

You can buy seedlings in Krasnoyarsk from us!