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Waste recycling as a highly profitable business in Russia. How to start a waste recycling business in Russia

In this material:

Waste recycling as a business is an extremely promising activity for investment. This socially significant activity has a positive impact on the environment.

It was not profitable enough 2-3 years ago. Recycling of recyclable materials and disposal of waste to landfills provided great profits. Much has changed since then. Today household waste At least 60% recyclable.

Business idea concept

The average person throws out up to 250 kg of garbage per year. The problem of waste disposal and reuse has become urgent.

Many components of waste can be recycled, but up to 96% of waste is sent to landfill.

Advantages of waste recycling business:

Since the waste recycling sector is practically not funded, local authorities, as a rule, have a very favorable attitude towards the waste disposal business. The city administration provides financial support and helps find industrial premises.
Enterprises that recycle waste are always in demand. Recycling and recycling of waste allows you to save primary raw materials. New companies in this segment are created every year.
You can use a sorting complex. This is inexpensive equipment created by domestic manufacturers. Its use will reduce costs.
High economic efficiency. According to professionals, the profitability of a waste removal and disposal business can be up to 80%.
Garbage is a valuable raw material. The waste recycling business is profitable because there is very little competition in this segment.

Starting a business from scratch

Everything useful should be extracted from garbage whenever possible. For this it is important to create appropriate conditions.

Legal registration:

It takes several months to complete the paperwork for the implementation. commercial activities. Obtaining a license from the Department of Rosprirodnadzor is a mandatory condition.
To issue a permit, an environmental audit is carried out by the local Department of Environmental Management. A project with a detailed description of the technological process must be submitted to the water and municipal authorities, Rospotrebnadzor, and the fire inspectorate.
A sanitary zone of 500 m must be created around the waste treatment plant, as established by the requirements of the regulatory authorities. Based on the results of this work, a conclusion is drawn. At least 2 thousand dollars must be invested in order for the production premises to meet the requirements of industrial sanitation and fire safety.

Financial component of entrepreneurial activity

It is important to find ways to attract investment to start a waste recycling business.

Starting capital required:

Initially, only the initial stages of processing recyclable materials can be launched. The company can collect and sort waste and create semi-finished products. The organization requires significant material costs universal enterprise on waste disposal, so the entrepreneur should decide in advance what types of secondary raw materials he will work with.
Residents are not inclined to sort the garbage they throw away for free. It is necessary to set a certain price for waste paper or bottles.
How to choose a location for a waste recycling business? A production area, landfills, and sources of waste are an ideal solution to create a company that processes recyclable materials.
Deep recycling of waste can bring maximum profit. According to experts, over $20 million is needed to build a large universal complex that will process any type of solid waste: glass, paper, plastic, rubber, wood.
If an entrepreneur does not have this opportunity, you can start recycling one type of waste. From 50 to 300 thousand dollars will be required to create a specialized production facility for the recycling of one type of secondary raw material. Such a modest enterprise can generate significant income. The waste recycling business has a large share of utility costs. They make up about 20%.

Garbage recycling

Construction waste contains concrete, wood, brick and metal parts. Extracting metal particles is the purpose of recycling. Vacuum forming of polymer thermoplastic waste is a relatively inexpensive method. Rubber crumbs obtained from car tires, from waste paper - toilet paper, from polymers - pressed blocks, chipboard - from sawdust. Only 25% of valuable recyclables can be obtained from unseparated waste, so it is necessary to use modern waste sorting lines. Installations for sorting recyclable materials can be automated or manual. Plastic and paper are the best to use.

food waste - 25%;
cardboard and paper - 10%;
polymers - about 50%;
textiles, rubber, metal, etc. -15%.

Plastic packaging is the most difficult waste to recycle. Obtaining recycled crushed stone by recycling recyclable materials is very profitable.

Production goes through the following stages:

large parts are processed using a press;
then using a crusher they are crushed;
metal is selected with a powerful magnet;
Particles are sorted using a special storage device.

Organization of production and supply of raw materials

For production, a premises of about 600 m² is required. The warehouse must be at least 100 m². It will be possible to significantly save on the removal of raw materials if the recycling facility is located near residential buildings.

The area where a lot of old buildings are being demolished is suitable for recycling construction waste. To transport raw materials, you need to purchase a truck with compartments. Disposing of recyclable materials is a labor-intensive process.

About $300 per month must be paid to qualified workers. Up to 40 workers can be involved in such production.

The expensive process of creating a company for processing recyclable materials gives real income in the future if you approach this problem correctly.

The income of a waste processing enterprise depends on the scale of activity. You can recoup the initial investment in 1 year. Then the scope of your activity can be expanded.

Order a business plan

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We live in an age of opportunity. Everyone is free to do what they want: one works “for someone else,” another earns money by freelancing, and the third opens his own business. Most believe that own business- guarantee of success and good level life. Despite the fact that high competition in almost all areas of business does not often allow newcomers to gain a foothold in the market, there are still industries where you can earn good money and occupy a certain niche. One of these is the waste recycling market.

Waste recycling as a business

Currently, about 44 million tons of garbage end up in landfills in Russia every year. At the same time, only 30% can be recycled, the rest is left to rot, causing enormous damage to the environment. If you are not an environmentalist, then these words are unlikely to motivate you. And if you consider that along with tons of garbage, billions of rubles rot annually that could be yours?

Garbage recycling - promising business in our country. There is little competition in this area, but there are many “resources”. In addition, the government actively supports such businessmen, helping with renting premises and purchasing necessary equipment.

The average payback period for a waste recycling business is 2–6 months. This is a very good indicator. As for profitability, it usually reaches 30%.

Thus, the waste recycling business is beneficial because:

actively supported by the state, it provides tax breaks on property used for waste processing, assistance in finding, renting or purchasing premises and equipment;
raw materials cost 7–10 times cheaper than the finished product (the amount of waste at the moment can be considered unlimited);
a waste recycling plant pays for itself in 3–5 years, which is a good indicator;
the demand for recyclable materials is high and continues to grow, that is, there is no need to look for buyers;
This is an opportunity not only to earn good money, but also to help protect the environment.

A small waste processing workshop can be opened in any locality in Russia

Business areas

What exactly does a waste recycling company do? Obviously, waste recycling. But not only. The search for raw materials, their transportation, and sorting will also fall on the shoulders of the businessman. However, you can narrow the scope and choose only one area of activity.

Garbage collection and transportation

Garbage removal from cities and settlements- one of the most popular areas. However, competition in this area is the highest.

You won’t have to look for garbage for transportation for a long time; just submit several advertisements in populated areas or enter into an agreement with local authorities and customers will find you themselves.

The question is who should sell the collected garbage. There are two options.

The first one goes to the landfill. In this case, you will receive funds only for waste removal outside populated areas. This is the least expensive and easiest way to make money from garbage. To implement it you will need:

freight transport. It can be rented or purchased. A month's rental of one garbage truck costs about 150,000 rubles. Buying a new garbage truck will cost 3,000,000–3,500,000 rubles; a used car in good condition will cost 1,000,000–1,500,000 rubles less;
enter into an agreement with a landfill for waste disposal. The cost of storing waste is 1,500–2,000 rubles per 5 tons;
staff, which includes: drivers, accountant, administrator. If your fleet has about 10 cars or more, you need to hire a mechanic and a car mechanic. Approximate monthly fund wages for a company with a fleet of 10 cars will be about 300,000–350,000 rubles, depending on the region;
permission from SES, Rospotrebnadzor, fire department. These documents can be obtained from the relevant authorities in each specific region.

Thus, in the first six months of operation of a company with ten cars, you will have to invest about 12,000,000 rubles (renting a vehicle) or 30,500,000 rubles (purchasing a vehicle).

The profit from the business will consist of the cost of garbage removal: 5 tons of waste will bring the businessman about 4,000 - 5,000 rubles. Accordingly, the income of an organization with a fleet of 10 cars at full load averages 6,000,000 rubles per month. Over six months, this amount will be 36,000,000 rubles.

There is a second option - selling the removed garbage. But it is quite difficult to find a buyer for unsorted waste, so let’s consider the second type of activity - waste sorting.

For the successful functioning of a business, a pack of modern garbage trucks is needed

Waste sorting

Collection and sorting are interrelated stages. Sorted waste is in high demand in the market. However, in order to engage in this type of activity, expensive equipment is needed. The most budget sorting complex costs 4,000,000 rubles.

Almost all the work in the sorting room is done manually, so for a medium-sized sorting shop you will need at least 5 pairs of workers, and this is another 100,000 rubles in costs per month.

And also to organize sorting it is necessary to rent a room with an area of at least 300 m2. The rental cost will be from 25,000 to 30,000 rubles per month.

Particular attention should be paid to obtaining permission to sort and store waste. Below will be discussed detailed instructions receiving it.

Thus, the cost of organizing and running a waste sorting business will be about 7,000,000 rubles for the first six months, taking into account the purchase of raw materials.

A medium-capacity sorting shop is capable of producing 15–20 tons of products per month. The cost per ton depends on the type of waste and ranges from 5,000 to 10,000 rubles. Accordingly, the average income will be equal to 120,000 rubles per month or 720,000 rubles for six months.

A company collecting and sorting waste is forced to attract many workers, so its labor costs are quite high

Waste sorting as a business idea is attractive because the demand for it is quite high. If you wish, you can find clients even abroad. In addition, competition in this industry is low.

But there are also disadvantages. Waste sorting equipment is not cheap. You will also need a room of impressive size.

Disposal

You don’t have to sort the garbage, but simply get rid of it. The most common method of waste disposal is incineration.

Oddly enough, the waste disposal business is the most expensive and least profitable. The fact is that waste must be disposed of according to certain rules, which are dictated by a variety of government and non-government organizations.

In addition, to carry out recycling it is necessary to collect a lot of permits and only then issue a license.

Waste treatment

Waste treatment activities involve bringing raw materials to a state in which they can be reused.

Before moving on to the financial indicators of waste processing activities, we will consider what materials can be recycled.

Types of materials for processing

There are many options for raw materials: plastic, rubber, paper, wood, glass, metal. Any of these materials are present in sufficient quantities in city landfills.

Now let's get acquainted with the intricacies of working with each material in more detail.

Polymers are not only a popular type of waste, but also the most profitable. There is high unmet demand for recycled polymers. Processing costs for plastic are low. The whole cycle consists of several stages:

sorting by color;
removal of dirt, stickers;
pressing;
grinding;
re-cleaning;
polishing

The resulting material is used to make plastic bottles, packages and much more.

Recycling of plastic products is the most profitable segment of the industry

Paper recycling

The waste paper recycling industry is the most popular among Russian businessmen. Paper and cardboard waste goes through the following stages:

sorting by type - there are 12 types in total;
removal of contaminants;
thermomechanical treatment.

The recycled material is used to produce cardboard packaging and toilet paper.

Rubber is the most hazardous waste, burning it is strictly prohibited. Most often, tires can be recycled; there is a lot of such waste in Russian landfills.

There are several ways to process rubber:

grinding into crumbs. Everyone has seen playgrounds with rubber coating. This coating is made from such crumbs;
pyrolysis As a result of pyrolysis, it is possible to obtain artificial oil, technical carbon raw materials, and raw materials for metallurgy.

Recycled rubber is in demand on the Russian market, so this area is one of the most profitable

Glass recycling

Broken glass - Goldmine waste recycling. The material can be taken from factories producing any glass products completely free of charge. There are always a lot of marriages there. In addition, this particular waste processing industry is actively supported by the state.

Glass melts at relatively low temperatures, and this is a good saving on electricity.

Glass goes through the following stages of processing:

cleansing;
grinding;
melting;
grinding;
grinding.

The last three actions are performed by one machine.

Metal recycling

Metal processing is the most environmentally responsible industry. Metal waste is very harmful to our planet, so its recycling must be taken with the utmost seriousness.

What can be recycled? The list is quite extensive:

discarded cars and their components;
industrial waste.

The processing of metals is somewhat more complex compared to the processing of other waste. It consists of the following stages:

dismantling;
transportation;
examination;
sorting;
recycling.

Scrap metal recycling is not only a profitable business, but also a contribution to improving the environmental climate in the region

What you need to start a waste recycling business

Waste recycling company initial stage requires more time and administrative resources than material ones. Below is step-by-step instruction for organizing such a business.

Registration

It is permissible to register a company both in the form of individual entrepreneur and in the form legal entity. The choice depends on the planned scale of activity.

When registering as a legal entity, the LLC form is preferred. This will allow the business to expand in the future. For example, start producing products from recycled materials.

Registration of LLCs and individual entrepreneurs is carried out at the tax office. Documents for establishing an LLC include:

statement about state registration legal entities;
minutes of the founders' meeting;
agreement on the establishment of a company;
charter of the company;
notification of the transition to the simplified tax system.

When registering a business, you must choose a taxation system. The most preferable from the point of view of cost savings would be the simplified tax system.

The application will need to indicate the OKVED activity code. In OKVED there is class 38 with a list of activity codes, including:

38.1 - waste collection;
38.11 - collection of non-hazardous waste;
38.12 - collection of hazardous waste;
38.21 - treatment and disposal of non-hazardous waste;
38.22 - treatment and disposal of hazardous waste.

The cost of registering an LLC is 4,000 rubles. The duration of consideration of the application is no more than three working days. Templates of required documents:

registration application form;
notification of the transition to the simplified tax system.

Obtaining permits and licenses

To carry out waste processing activities, it is necessary to obtain a number of permits from various regulatory authorities:

for the use of land. You can obtain it from your regional land department. Before applying, fill out the form;
from the SES, for which you should contact Rospotrebnadzor at the place of business. The following documents will be required: an application, a copy of the constituent document, an account opening statement, a rental agreement for premises or a certificate of ownership, a garbage removal agreement, an agreement for disinfection. The application will be reviewed within a month;
fire authorities. You must contact the fire department at your place of registration;
from the environmental center;
from electrical supervision.

You cannot engage in waste recycling without the appropriate license. It can be obtained from the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources. The cost of the license is 24,000 rubles.

In order to obtain a license, you must:

submit documents confirming the property base in the form of buildings and structures, equipment for work;
confirm the presence of certified workers in the team. This is done by providing copies of employee certificates for the right to work with waste and employment contracts;
have permission from the SES;
provide information about the waste that the organization will work with;
have concluded agreements with landfills and landfills. Their copies must be provided to the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources.

In addition to the listed documents, to obtain a license you must provide:

business registration certificate,
copies of constituent documents,
a copy of the tax registration certificate,
application for a license.

You can submit documents either in person by contacting Rosprirodnadzor or by sending them by mail.

Sample license for waste recycling

Search for premises

You can build a waste treatment plant yourself, or you can rent it. However, it is important to remember that the premises for a waste recycling plant must be at least 600 m2. The processing workshop will occupy 400 m2, 200 m2 will be required for storing raw materials and finished products. Don't forget about the administrative office. It can be either at the factory or separately.

An excellent option would be to use abandoned factories and warehouses. You don't have to pay much to use them.

Independent construction of a structure suitable for waste recycling will cost 15,000,000–20,000,000 rubles.

Renting the building will cost from 50,000 to 80,000 rubles per month, depending on the region.

Recruitment

Low-skilled workers can be hired to sort waste, so there will be no shortage of personnel

Recycling waste is quite a responsible task, which a beginner cannot always cope with. In addition, without certified specialists on the team, it is impossible to obtain a license to operate.

The number of employees depends on the production capacity. You will definitely need waste sorters, an accountant, an administrator and a driver. In total, a medium-sized waste recycling plant employs about 10–30 people.

Table: plant staff

Thus, the plant's staff is 12 people. The monthly wage fund is 270,000 rubles.

Purchase of equipment

Today there are two types of devices on the waste recycling equipment market: stationary and mobile.

Stationary equipment takes up large areas, not intended for movement, has lower productivity. The cost of a complex of stationary installations ranges from 3,000,000 to 5,000,000 rubles.

Mobile devices are more convenient to use and require less intervention. Prices for a waste recycling complex start at 4,000,000 rubles.

The minimum equipment of a processing workshop includes:

sorting line. Average market value - 1,000,000 rubles;
storage bunker. Cost - 500,000 rubles;
crushing apparatus. The minimum price of the device is 1,800,000 rubles;
magnet. The average price is 1,200,000 rubles;
bake. The price starts from 800,000 rubles.

Each of the listed devices can be purchased separately, or as part of the complex mentioned earlier. The second option will save about 500,000 rubles.

Equipment may include vehicles, without which it is impossible to do in the waste processing business

Thus, to start a business you need to spend a lot of effort, time and money. But business prospects justify these costs.

How much does it cost to open a waste recycling plant?

Now let’s summarize all of the above and talk about material costs in more detail. Let's say that we want to take this matter seriously, and for this we need own factory for processing. The building will be located near the city, next to a landfill, in order to save money on transportation in the future. The table shows the main average costs.

Table: starting capital for opening a waste recycling plant

The total costs according to the table will be approximately 20,000,000 rubles.

How to open a waste recycling business without start-up capital

Of course, not everyone has 20,000,000 rubles. But this does not mean that you should abandon the business.

You can choose one area of activity, thereby reducing costs. The least expensive step in the waste processing process is its transportation. Your consumer in this case will be a waste recycling plant.

The main costs of such a business will include the cost of transport, licensing and labor. Obviously, the profit from transportation will be less than the profit from a full-cycle waste processing business. This option is suitable for those who do not have large sums at the initial stage.

Business plan for waste recycling: example calculation

Let's move on to the calculations. Let’s assume that the plant employs 10 people, whose average salary is 20,000 rubles per month. The monthly wage fund will be 200,000 rubles. Full cycle plant.

The cost of raw materials depends on the chosen industry. In the example, the acquisition costs will be calculated plastic waste. The market value of a ton of plastic is approximately 9,000 rubles. In a month, a plant with 10 employees will be able to process approximately 8 tons of waste. Therefore, monthly costs for raw materials will be 72,000 rubles. Let's include in this amount transportation costs, which correspond to approximately 20,000 rubles per month. The table shows the main expense items.

Table: Expected Costs

Expense item	Amount of expenses, rubles
One-time
Equipment	4 500 000
Vehicles (2 cars)	4 000 000
License	24 000
Registration costs	20 000
Total	8 544 000
Monthly	Amount of expenses per month, rubles
Renting premises	50 000
Wage	200 000
Raw materials	72 000
Communal payments	30 000
Other	20 000
Total	372 000

Now let’s determine the payback period and profitability of our business. The table shows the main income items.

Table: estimated income

The average cost of recycled plastic on the market is 70,000 rubles per ton. In a month, a plant of average capacity will process 10 tons, therefore, the income will be 700,000 rubles per month.

In addition to the sale of recyclable materials, income comes from the removal of waste from populated areas. Two cars per month are capable of removing 300 tons of garbage worth 1,200,000 rubles.

The payback period will be 8,544,000/1,800,000 = 4.8 months.

Video: how to make money from garbage

Waste processing is one of the most promising areas of business. The return from the waste recycling plant will not be long in coming. In addition, you will receive support from government authorities, which will allow you to expand your business and increase your income. However, be prepared for major temporary and material costs, especially at the initial stage.

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Equipment for waste processing: method of application + 4 methods of waste disposal + cost of creating a mini-plant for waste processing.

Starting a waste recycling business is not only profitable for the entrepreneur, but also beneficial for the environment and society. This area of activity in Russia is not yet as highly developed, for example, as in European countries.

That's why this topic is attracting increasing interest from investors and entrepreneurs.

Thanks to new technologies in waste processing, it has become possible not only to recycle municipal solid waste (MSW), but also to create recyclable materials from it. This idea is supported by many countries, as a result of which more and more enterprises are emerging that are associated with this type of activity.

Purchasing equipment for waste processing You can not only improve the environmental condition of the city, but also make good money from it. Since, there are several directions and methods for recycling waste.

Main directions of waste recycling

Just a few years ago, waste was simply taken out of town and buried. But the gradual deterioration of the environment forced people to find a solution to this problem.

The waste had to go somewhere.

To solve this problem, they began to create equipment for waste disposal and find new solutions for using waste. Thus, several main directions for waste recycling have emerged.

1) Recycling of construction waste and solid waste.

The most commonly recycled waste is construction and solid waste. This is due to the fact that the presence of such waste is almost everywhere, and there are no problems with its collection.

To reduce the cost of transporting waste, it is advisable to locate waste processing plants near large landfills. This solution will eliminate the need to buy many cargo tractors. For a mini-factory, it will be enough to have one such machine.

Various equipment is used for waste disposal, depending on the goals of the enterprise and financial capabilities.

Whatever process the plant is involved in (combustion, packaging, pressing), main role plays waste sorting.

This is important, because without proper separation of materials, recycling of solid waste will not only lose its meaning, but will also harm the operation of the equipment itself. For example, it is unacceptable for both plastic and metal to enter a processing machine.

2) Sorting waste.

Security this process assigned to special waste sorting systems.

The responsibility of the country's population itself is also considered very important. In large cities, waste bins are installed, which are separately designed for glass, plastic, etc. However, each plant has a separate sorting line, which consists of several mechanisms.

The main components of such a line are:

sorting unit;
conveyor;
press.

3) Waste disposal.

After the sorting process is completed, the materials are sent to recycling.

The corresponding equipment can be located both on the territory of the plant and in another place. It all depends on the chosen enterprise strategy. To carry out complex waste processing work, which includes sorting and disposal, a lot of space is needed.

There are several options for processing solid waste, and each of them requires certain type equipment.

Let's look at several ways to dispose of waste:

Burning	This method is intended for the complete destruction of solid waste. They resort to it if the material cannot be reuse. To carry out this process, special ovens are used.
Pressing is already more reminiscent of the processing process	In this case, the garbage is not destroyed, but prepared for transportation. After pressing, the process of final disposal of solid waste is carried out.
Crushing waste involves the use of so-called shredders	These are quite large machines that are equipped with special knives and crushing tools for crushing the material into small pieces.
Plasma waste treatment is the most advanced and innovative technology in this area.	This is a completely environmentally friendly method. The principle of operation is to burn solid waste and convert it into electricity or synthetic fuel (ethanol, diesel). Plasma processing not only recycles the material completely, but also turns it into useful materials (1 ton of waste = 1 - 1.4 MWh of electricity). Using this equipment, it is possible to produce gas, which is subsequently sold or used as fuel for a waste processing line. Plasma processing is a fairly new technology, so it has not yet become widespread throughout the world.

1. Features of plastic recycling.

The material in the form of plastic is very useful for recycling and does not imply complete destruction. Industrial waste, plastic bottles, etc. are excellent for these purposes.

The following items are mainly made from recycled plastic:

plastic dishes and bottles;
food film;
plastic bags;
food containers, etc.

Requires several types of equipment. First of all, this sorting tape, where excess elements and contaminants are removed. At this stage, plastic is sorted by type, color, and size. All work is mostly done by hand.

After this, all garbage must be shred with a shredder or cryogenically. The next stage involves washing and drying polymer material. Only after this happens granulation process(transformation of plastic into granules of the same shape and mass).

2. Tire recycling.

This type of activity is very relevant in Lately. More and more cars are being produced, and tires take up a significant portion of the population's waste. And the question of their processing is becoming more and more relevant.

It’s not that difficult, but it’s expensive (production cost starts from 2 million rubles).

First you need to find and collect raw materials. To do this you will need to purchase tractors(preferably powerful) for transporting material to production. You will also need sorting tape for cleaning tires from excess elements.

To shred tires into small pieces and prepare the raw materials for the next stage to be used shredders, which will use special scissors to cut the waste into elements with a diameter of 8–12 cm.

The following equipment, which is extremely necessary, is called reactor. It occupies an area of about 30 – 40 sq.m. This is the most expensive part of production.

In the reactor, tires are exposed to high temperatures (450 ° C), as a result of which gas, fuel fraction and steel cord can be obtained. Part of the gas produced is used to maintain the operation of the reactor, and the rest is sold.

3. Disposal of office equipment.

Computers and various office equipment are also subject to destruction. The main material that is obtained after recycling computers is gold and silver, since these metals are used in the manufacture of microcircuits.

The idea of building a business recycling office equipment can be very profitable:

First, the recycling process is relatively inexpensive.
Secondly, this type of activity is quite new, and competition is not yet so high.

4. Glass recycling.

The glass recycling process begins with a sorting belt, which separates the raw materials from the rest of the waste. The mass is then processed by melting to make new products.

The glass recycling business is attractive because you can recycle absolutely all glass waste, regardless of color or thickness.

5. Recycling of waste paper.

Probably the most famous and popular type of waste recycling.

Even now in small towns you can find waste paper collection points. In principle, it is not necessary to build a whole plant with a bunch of equipment. It is enough to purchase one press, which will prepare large briquettes of paper and cardboard for shipment and sale to the plant.

Large shopping centers are adopting this practice. Since the turnover of goods is very large, there is a lot of packaging material left, which can not be thrown away, but put into the press.

We see that the existence of waste recycling equipment allows us to recycle almost any waste. This not only allows you to increase environmental safety, but also make money from this business.

4 options for waste recycling equipment

Initially, the idea of recycling waste in Russia was perceived as a way to improve the environment. Gradually, this has grown into a profitable business, which leads to the formation of factories and the emergence of new solutions for waste disposal.

The following are the most popular waste processing equipment:

1) Garbage press.

The press ensures compactness of the material and ease of transportation.

Today there is a wide variety of this equipment. Starting from the smallest ones, which are used in factories and shops, to huge machines that are designed for large waste processing plants.

Presses are distinguished between baling and briquetting, which in turn have a vertical or horizontal loading type. Vertical presses are most often installed in enterprises and shopping centers, since they are more compact. And horizontal machines are designed for large factories.

In addition, this equipment can be classified according to its intended purpose. But there are also universal presses that can process several types of waste.

2) Compactors.

The compactor operates like a trash compactor.

This equipment is indispensable in large commercial enterprises where there are significant volumes of waste and their compaction is required. Stationary compactors consist of a press and a replaceable container. This is very convenient, as it allows you to compact and transport large amounts of garbage.

3) Shredders.

Any waste processing plant simply cannot do without this type of equipment. Shredders are designed to shred waste, otherwise the next stage of waste disposal will be impossible.

Modern equipment can work with almost any type of waste:

plastic;
paper;
metal;
glass;
tree;
rubber;
organic waste, etc.

4) Containers.

This is equipment that is familiar to us. Almost every day we take trash there.

Most often, containers are made of metal or plastic. For the convenience of sorting waste in the future, some containers are made, for example, only for glass, and others only for plastic. This greatly simplifies the entire recycling process.

5) Sorting line.

Based on the fact that there are several ways to dispose of waste, special equipment is needed that will separate one type of waste from the rest. This is exactly what sorting lines are for.

Still have questions about the operation of waste processing equipment?

Take a visual look at the operation of pyrolysis equipment:

What equipment is needed to create a mini-factory?

To open a waste disposal company, you will need a minimum set of equipment:

sorting tape;
waste press;
shredder;
container.

Let's calculate the approximate cost of these funds:

Thus, the minimum amount of money that will be spent on organizing such an activity is $43,000. And this does not take into account land rental, waste delivery costs and other expenses.

In addition, additional equipment may be needed, namely:

various ovens;
tractors;
machines for more thorough waste shredding;
additional equipment (washers and dryers), etc.

Alternatively, you can get by with used equipment. This will significantly reduce costs. In practice, the payback for such a plant, according to calculations, will occur after about 3-4 years of operation.

If you nevertheless decide to take up this type of activity seriously, then soberly assess your capabilities.

Having waste recycling equipment will not be enough. It is necessary to take into account such features as renting land, agreements with regional authorities, concluding an agreement with enterprises for the delivery of raw materials and many other subtleties.

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One of the wise men once said a long time ago that you can make money even from what lies under your feet.

Modern practice confirms his words. Recycling is very profitable business, and the following indicators confirm this fact:

Processing companies are not that common, and there is plenty of raw material.
The entrepreneur has the opportunity to organize different kinds garbage.
High profitability is ensured by the possibility of recycling waste and turning it into secondary raw materials.

The relevance of this business can be seen in almost every aspect, starting with the fact that it has a positive effect on ecological situation, and ending with the result giving greater profit to the owner.

The positive aspects include:

support from local authorities (this area is very poorly funded, and the local administration is obliged to ensure cleanliness, therefore, you can safely count on support for such an idea and help with finding industrial premises);
unlimited volume of production raw materials;
if it is not possible to get involved with the expensive and labor-intensive process of creating a waste processing plant, then you can limit yourself to building a workshop, which will cost several times less and will bring a decent profit.

Despite the many positive aspects, entrepreneurs may also have some problems related to the delivery and sorting of waste. The correct approach to these issues will certainly lead you to an adequate solution.

An interesting story about this field of activity in Russian conditions is in the following video:

What kind of waste can you deal with and what is most profitable?

So, let's look at the most common options:

Car tires. The most promising and profitable method of processing this variety is called pyrolysis (depolymerization), which consists in the decomposition of rubber:
- on carbon;
- for gas;
- for steel cord, which is an excellent raw material for the metallurgical industry;
- for synthetic oil.
Each of these products is a sought-after raw material, and if sales are organized correctly, the result can be high profitability.
Construction garbage usually consists of concrete, brick, wood and metal. After careful sorting, you can, for example, begin processing concrete, which includes crushing and parallel extraction of metal particles from it. As a result, it is possible to obtain secondary crushed stone used in construction. In world practice, dismantling of buildings and sorting are now increasingly practiced. construction waste, about 80% of which can be reused.
Recycling broken glass involves reusing non-standard and broken bottles that would otherwise end up in a landfill. Broken glass can be taken directly from production or you can organize your own collection point for glass containers or your own waste sorting line. Recycled raw materials are readily available to glass manufacturers because the material can be melted at lower temperatures than the glass-making process requires. Also, this secondary raw material is in great demand among manufacturers of abrasives, ceramic products, tiles and bricks.
Used paper. The process of processing simple (so-called wet) waste paper involves:
- dissolving paper in water using a thinner;
- removing all foreign objects from it with a cyclone cleaner;
- thermomechanical treatment, if we're talking about about cardboard;
- fine purification of the mixture (filtration).
Recycled paper can be used to make packaging board, toilet paper or roofing material.

Necessary documents for business registration

Legal recycling of solid household waste involves obtaining a license from the Ministry of Ecology. The Law “On Environmental Expertise” regulates the obligation of each entity that decides to collect and process waste to conduct an environmental assessment. This conclusion can be used throughout the entire life of the company (the approximate cost of this document is 5,500 rubles).

The entrepreneur must obtain permits from services such as fire, sanitary, and also stock up project documentation, which will describe all the technological processes of the future waste processing organization. The total period for collecting and confirming documentation varies from 2 to 4 months, and the cost is approximately 24,000 rubles.

Where to get garbage?

The average trash can contains:

50% polymers: polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene;
25% food waste;
10% paper and cardboard;
15-20% rubber, metal, textiles.

In general, household waste is at least 60% recyclable. But this is only from a theoretical point of view, since separate collection of solid waste, generally accepted in many European countries, seems to us only a distant prospect. And unseparated waste sent to a modern recycling line can only give a result of 25%.

The best option is to install special mobile processing units. They can be manual or automated, and their cost ranges from several hundred thousand to several million dollars.

There is another option: entering into an agreement with a local landfill or collection point for glass or plastic containers. Then the problem of sorting will disappear by itself: production will be provided with ready-made and sorted waste at a price of up to 5 rubles/kg.

Efficient production organization

Suitable premises - very important stage, because for waste processing production you need at least 600 m2, for a processing workshop - 300-400 m2, and for a warehouse - 200 m2. In addition to buildings and structures for industrial purposes, it is necessary to allocate space for administrative premises, which can be located both on the production site and outside it. By the way, workshops located next to the city landfill will help reduce costs both for the delivery of raw materials and for renting premises.

The minimum equipment package should include:

sorting line;
storage bunker;
crusher;
magnet;
bake.

Additional equipment is a melting furnace, but it is worth considering that it will significantly increase the cost side of the project.

Domestic equipment is considered the most affordable and functional.

Staff

It is impossible to recycle household waste without manual labor. In order to carry out sorting, selection, calibration and many others production stages, necessary staff from 20 to 40 people(it all depends on production volumes).

In addition, high-quality functioning of the enterprise is impossible without accountant, driver, manager and cleaner.

Sales channels for finished products

The final result directly depends on the raw materials used:

Toxic waste, such as mercury lamps, can be used to produce many industrial and construction materials;
from plant waste you can make compost, which serves as an excellent soil fertilizer;
from electronic waste (picture tubes, electrical appliances) - iron, copper, aluminum and glass;
from paper - secondary raw materials, from which new materials are subsequently formed.

And the main consumers of waste processing services and materials will be:

enterprises whose activities are related to one or another the final product- cellulose, wood, glass;
industrial and individual consumers in need of secondary raw materials.

About costs and future profits

Waste recycling is sufficient profitable business even against the backdrop of the amount of funds required for its organization. This type of business will pay for itself very quickly (1.5-2 years) if sales are well established. Experts, based on their own observations, claim that The level of profitability of waste recycling production ranges from 42 to 80%, because this market segment is practically not subject to competition.

Based on the practice of existing enterprises, you can work with the following statistical data:

One shift can process 3 tons of waste paper, 1.5 tons of polymer waste or 250 kg of plastic raw materials.
One ton of any raw material costs on average from 9,000 to 45,000 rubles.
Consequently, the average monthly profit of such an enterprise can range from 150,000 to 3,300,000 rubles.

A huge universal complex for processing any type of waste (wood, plastic, metal, paper or glass) will cost a huge amount of money. Experts claim that the amount will exceed the $20 million mark.

But even a modest enterprise has the opportunity to bring a decent profit. Setting up a workshop specializing in one type of waste will cost from 50 to 300 thousand dollars. Arrangement of warehouse and production premises in accordance with fire and sanitary requirements - another 2-3 thousand. A crusher, sorting line and other necessary equipment will require 50-70 thousand dollars.

In general, the business of receiving and processing waste is very relevant. The size of the initial investment is of course higher than that of or, but the amount of profit will also please you at the very beginning.

In this material:

For a large project such as a waste treatment plant, a business plan is needed primarily for investors or lenders. Therefore, this document should contain a detailed description of the project, calculation of costs for starting a business, planned profit, profitability and payback period.

Project Description

Such a plant is built on the concept of processing one of the most accessible types of raw materials - waste. Entrepreneurial activity in the waste processing sector is new to our country, so competition is very weak.

The business plan considers a receiving point as a source of raw materials different types sorted waste from the population for a fee. This point or network of points is planned to open together with the plant itself.

According to the experience of other entrepreneurs working in this area, business profitability is 60-70%. Glass, plastic, metal become valuable after recycling secondary raw materials and the cost is 3-5 times higher than the price for which garbage was accepted from the population.

The waste recycling plant, in addition to making a profit, solves important social problems, improving the environment and cleanliness of the city.

This fact allows us to reasonably ask for various types of support from the municipal authorities. In a number of regions, entrepreneurs receive such support in the form of grants for starting an enterprise.

Garbage recycling is considered a highly promising project, among other reasons, because the amount of waste requiring disposal is increasing every year. The costs of maintaining specialized landfills are rising. The project organizers, on the contrary, offer a way to avoid the costs of waste disposal by turning it into recyclable materials.

The total cost of the project included in the business plan is estimated at 15 million rubles, excluding the costs of creating a client base. Given such high capital investments, the help of investors, municipal and federal authorities is simply necessary.

Basic documentation

The main costs before the start of construction of the plant will be various types of licenses and permits:

licensing from the Ministry of Ecology - 18 thousand rubles;
conclusion of environmental experts - 40 thousand;
permission to operate from the fire service - 2.5 thousand;
permission from the sanitary and epidemiological service - 3.2 thousand;
development of technological documentation - 13.5 thousand.

Total about 80 thousand rubles. Please note that obtaining all the necessary certificates and licenses is a very lengthy procedure, taking up to six months or more.

Business plan for construction costs

Construction of a workshop, its equipment with various types of communications - 1 million 700 thousand rubles. Costs for warehouses and waste collection points - 1500-1600 thousand rubles. The cost of purchasing production equipment and a conveyor is 1800-1900 thousand rubles.

Funds allocated for the purchase of raw materials from the population are 800 thousand (paper and plastics) and 900 thousand (metals). Funds to cover current expenses for the first 3 months - 750 thousand (salaries, taxes, utility bills).

Registration of a legal entity, creation of constituent capital, preparation of documentation - 1 million rubles. The minimum amount of all expenses included in the business plan will total 7600-7800 thousand rubles.

It is important to note that the amounts given are the minimum for a paper and plastics processing plant. Recycling waste that includes metals in addition to those listed will increase the cost of the project to the required 15 million.

However, experts strongly discourage new market players from investing in processing all types of waste at once. It is more practical when waste recycling specializes in one type of waste, and you can gradually add additional types for yourself.

In addition, if you set up a mini-plant specializing in processing only one type of waste, the cost of costs can be reduced to 2-3 million. Also, equipment costs can be optimized by purchasing domestic machines and mechanisms.

Plant profitability

Despite the weak competition in this type of business, it makes more sense to build a plant in those regions where there are no competitors at all. Subsequently, it is possible to expand the capacity of the enterprise to values that satisfy the region.

From the standpoint of ensuring uninterrupted supply of raw materials, you should not rely only on the population. The reason is the lack of culture among the population separate collection waste and its delivery to collection points, as well as the low cost of delivered raw materials.

Therefore, the location of the plant should be a city landfill or its environs. As an alternative, it is worth considering the location of the plant in the industrial zone of the city.

Transportation of recyclable materials can be organized either using your own fleet of vehicles or with the help of existing waste collection companies. The first option will increase the amount of investment in organizing a business by half a million rubles (or more). The second option, according to experts, is still considered more profitable.

Separately, it is necessary to regulate the work of raw material collection points. On average residents big city they rent out plastics and paper worth 500-1000 thousand rubles. Prices should be kept a little higher than competitors.

Good money should be invested in the development of a network of collection points, since with high volumes of raw materials purchased from the population, 30-50% can be used not for processing, but for further resale.

The average income of an enterprise owner ranges from 40 to 180 thousand rubles per month. The average statistical figure is 120 thousand. This shows that the payback period for a business project is estimated at 5 years.

A mini-factory, in which small funds were originally invested, in a large city can pay for itself in more than short term(2-3 years), and expensive full-cycle production in a small city can extend the payback period to 9-10 years.

Factory clients

The search for customers to sell manufactured products is analyzed in advance. The product of plastic processing - building materials - is sold to wholesale suppliers construction companies. Offer compost generated from paper recycling farms and agricultural companies. Scrap metal of copper, iron and aluminum is sold to wholesale players in the ferrous and non-ferrous metals market.

Not only the population and the municipality are considered as sources of raw materials. Serious work can be done with woodworking, glass and pulp factories. These same factories can also be considered as buyers of secondary raw materials produced by the waste recycling plant.

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