Fundamentals of combat and mobilization readiness of internal troops. Combat readiness (combat readiness)

By combat readiness, military science understands the ability of units and subunits of various military branches to carry out comprehensive training in an extremely short time, engage in battle with the enemy in an organized manner, and, under any situational conditions, complete the assigned task.

Combat readiness is the quantitative and qualitative state of troops, which determines the degree of their readiness in any situation to begin decisive fighting with all their available forces and means and successfully complete the combat mission.

High combat readiness is the main qualitative indicator of the state of troops and naval forces. It determines the degree of military vigilance of personnel, their readiness to carry out combat missions at any time, even in the most unfavorable conditions, including with the use of nuclear missile weapons by the enemy. Such readiness cannot be temporary, seasonal, or frozen at a certain level.

In combat readiness there is not and cannot be anything secondary or insignificant. Here everything has its very definite meaning, everything is vitally important. This is understandable. After all we're talking about about the holy of holies - the security of our great Motherland. And here there can be no place even for individual facts of complacency and carelessness of soldiers, the slightest dulling of vigilance and underestimation of property in real danger.

Combat readiness covers all new aspects of the life and activities of the Armed Forces; enormous efforts and material costs people to equip the army with modern weapons and equipment, consciousness, training and discipline of all military personnel, the art of command and much more. It is the crown of military excellence in peacetime and predetermines victory in war.

The level of combat readiness of formations and units greatly depends on:

Combat training of troops in peacetime

Mobilization readiness of formations and units of reduced strength and personnel

Professional training of commanders and staffs

Good condition of equipment and weapons

Provision of material resources

Conditions of duty equipment on combat duty

The basis for the combat readiness of troops and naval forces is the high combat training of personnel and the ability to fight in a modern way, achieve a decisive victory over a strong, well-armed and trained enemy. These qualities are formed and refined to mastery during exercises, classes, drills, training sessions in tactical, technical, tactical and special training.

Mastering the science of winning has never been simple or easy. Now, when the fire and strike power of the army and navy has invariably increased, when the nature of the battle has radically changed, achieving high field, air and sea training has become an even more difficult matter, requiring enormous efforts of the entire personnel of the unit, unit, ship, everyday, hard work every warrior. Therefore, the primary task in increasing combat readiness in modern military-political situation - to learn military affairs in a real way. This means, with full dedication of spiritual and physical strength, to study the entrusted weapons and military equipment, to practice to high skill and automatism all the techniques of their use in various, including extreme conditions, fulfill all standards perfectly.

We are also talking about the need to persistently and tirelessly harden ourselves physically, to cultivate such qualities as courage, perseverance, endurance, discipline and diligence.

To truly master military skill, a soldier or sailor needs to effectively use every minute of training, exercises, actively and decisively act in various types battle, day and night, in difficult geographical, climatic and meteorological conditions, to reduce the time to the limit when performing combat training tasks and standards.

Learn to anticipate the enemy in opening fire, hit him at maximum range when they use electronic warfare means, both conventional and nuclear weapons. Make sure that every shot and missile launch is striking. Develop strong skills in practical solutions to combat support issues, including such as conducting anti-aircraft reconnaissance and protection against weapons of mass destruction. All these are clear indicators of combat readiness, capable of winning not by numbers, but by skill. We should not forget that success usually accompanies those who are persistent, who are not afraid of difficulties, do not look for easy ways in mastering combat specialties, and consider it a matter of honor to deserve everything higher signs military valor.

An important role in achieving this goal is played by improving class qualifications, mastering related specialties, and achieving complete interchangeability at the combat post, in the crew, in the crew, and in the squad.

Highly qualified specialists use the combat capabilities of equipment weapons much more effectively. They rarely cause breakdowns, fix the problem faster, and they have a broader not only technical, but also tactical outlook. Therefore, the struggle for high class is an element of the struggle for high combat readiness.

Achieving high military skill is not a wish, not a request, but an immutable requirement. It is dictated by the nature of the potential enemy’s military preparations and the capabilities of modern weapons. Therefore, you need to counter the enemy with skill that has been practiced to the point of automatism, such personal training that not a single second is lost, and not a single unnecessary movement occurs in the battle.

The constant combat readiness of a soldier or sailor is unthinkable without strong moral and combat qualities. As military affairs develop, the tasks facing soldiers become more complex. Their volume increases, the nature of military labor changes qualitatively, moral, moral-psychological and physical exercise. And this requires an increase in the consciousness of personnel.

The level of combat readiness is directly dependent on the state of military discipline, statutory order, and efficiency.

The collective nature of weapons, the increased role of interaction entailed requirements for precision in the combat work of each specialist, a clear organization of combat training, the inviolability of training schedules, daily routines, and statutory procedures educate personnel in the spirit of commitment, helping to make military service not only a school of combat excellence, but also a remarkable school of physical training, discipline and organization, a school of courage. The need to strengthen discipline, maintain strict order, and check every step with statutory requirements is the duty of every soldier and sailor. If a warrior is truly deeply imbued with an understanding of the enormous personal responsibility that is entrusted to him by the people for the security of the sacred borders of the Fatherland, then he will do everything necessary to ensure that combat readiness is constantly maintained at the proper level.

There are different levels of combat readiness. Its degrees differ significantly in the activities that each soldier, piece of equipment, unit, and so on are required to perform for a specific period. There are certain exceptions (features of behavior in different situations for certain types of troops). However, for the most part, readiness affects the vast majority of employees, significantly affecting their actions, equipment, weapons, and in some cases even their emotional and mental state.

What is combat readiness?

There is a very simple definition of what combat readiness is. Degrees, features, preliminary training are all very important, but the fact itself is much more significant. Thus, this concept means the ability of a certain unit or troops to begin performing its immediate functions. There are different standards for response time, which directly depend on the specific type of equipment used, the characteristics of the department, and so on. But all of them must be completed strictly within the established deadlines. Any delay will be punished, and there is a difference here too. The higher the combat readiness, the more serious the punishment for the offense.

Factors

There are a number of signs that directly affect the readiness of units, regardless of whether there are tanks, aviation or infantry units. So, one of these factors is the provision of reserves. This includes absolutely all types of property that may be needed for combat operations, from ammunition, fuel, communication systems, and so on. In this case, their actual presence is taken into account.

The second factor is the package. This includes the number of soldiers according to staffing table etc. To put it simply, we can put it this way: will there be enough employees for a helicopter, airplane, armored personnel carrier or any other equipment to go/fly and be able to fight?

Next comes the technical condition factor. It is understood that all property, facilities, equipment, weapons, and so on must be in good condition. This also includes equipment options. That is, are the soldiers armed with modern weapons, or will they be forced to go into a hand-to-hand attack?

The fourth factor is the training of command personnel. Will the employees in charge of the units be able to adequately respond to the situation and fight?

The fifth factor is the moral readiness of troops to act in battle.

The sixth and last thing is how the personnel are trained. That is, do the soldiers even know how to shoot, can they act as part of a group, and so on.

Maintaining readiness

It is quite natural that separate training is needed to increase combat readiness. The degrees here can also be different, but for the most part it is simply taken into account whether this or that training is carried out in a timely manner and in full, or not. So, soldiers are taught to walk in formation, hit a target, perform engineering work, respond to them, learn the basics of tactics, develop physically, and so on. This is just a short list of possible types of training designed to maintain the required level of combat readiness. The same point applies Various types exercises, training of soldiers, their psychological preparation to complete tasks and so on.

The system of rewards and punishments plays an important role. Working correctly and consistently, it strongly motivates an individual employee. We should also not forget about regular maintenance of equipment, reconnaissance work, providing the unit with everything necessary, and the like. It is from such small or large factors that the overall combat training both one specific branch and the entire group of troops of the country as a whole.

External features

Everything that was stated above applies only to those items that can be performed directly by employees. However, there are other factors that do not directly relate to them, but on which combat training in general and the level of combat readiness in particular depend. It is very important that the country's transport system is as efficient as possible. The state must be able to wage war for a long time. All units must be rearmed in a timely manner. The army itself as a structure must look strictly positive in the eyes of the majority of the population. And, naturally, sufficient funds should be allocated for all this. Some of the factors can be partially influenced by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and others as well. dignitaries, directly interested in solving problems. However, ordinary soldiers will not be able to do anything here. For example, a unit may provide excellent training in all areas. The employees will be absolutely wonderful. But if they are not given modern weapons, funds are not allocated for development, and so on, then such training will not be of much use.

Always Ready

As mentioned above, there are different levels of combat readiness. Its degrees differ from each other quite significantly. The simplest, most common and standard is called “constant”. It represents the most classic mode of operation of the unit. That is, this is exactly the state it is in every day. is engaged in preparation, study, conducts scheduled maintenance of equipment, and so on. Helicopter, plane and other combat units carry out training missions, and life goes on as usual. Naturally, even in such a state, some must be able to protect themselves and, if something happens, at least somehow start fighting. Among other things, this is the most economical type in terms of resource expenditure that can be combat ready. A constant, stable and thoughtful sequence of actions is not disturbed by anything, and everything goes as planned.

Increased

This is the second degree, which already has certain differences from constant readiness. Thus, the entire composition of the unit is assembled, and, if necessary, it is completed to the required level. Also, increased combat readiness implies the need to check all available equipment, weapons and similar equipment. It will be necessary to further emphasize combat coordination. A check of combat readiness at this level will also have to reveal that the unit is fully prepared to change its current position, all material reserves are available in the required quantities, and there is enough transport to move army unit. The transition to this mode of operation automatically leads to much more significant costs of funds, and therefore it is most often resorted to only as part of exercises.

Danger

This concept refers to the third degree of readiness. Its name is slightly different from the others, but the essence remains the same. High alert officially sounds like " military danger", and it will be more correct name. It begins with the announcement of a combat alert. Immediately after this, the unit is obliged to perform the following actions: go to the troop concentration point, receive food, communications, ammunition, protective equipment there, and organize outpost security. This applies to any. For example, Russian tanks will have to move to the desired area, where they will receive ammunition, be refueled, and so on. The same is true for other types of units, no matter what they belong to. Naturally, all data and information on a specific destination is strictly classified. The cost of funds in such a situation will be even more significant than in the two previous cases.

Full combat readiness

This is the last degree. Most often, this involves checking a specific district. Nevertheless, the announcement of such readiness throughout the country may be the last step before the immediate outbreak of hostilities. All units are required to move to pre-specified positions, receive their own tasks, and deploy existing ones. fire weapons and begin combat guarding. This applies to all employees, from the very last soldier to such a high post as the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. This is the most expensive level of readiness in terms of funding, and therefore it is used only in exceptional cases. In particular, to carry out global checks. Only some units operate in this mode on a permanent basis, but this is already a mandatory security requirement for any country in the world.

Features of the military branches

Taking into account the peculiarities of possible military operations in modern world, when a strike can occur at any moment and simply does not give the opportunity to react in time, some types of troops are constantly in full readiness. They are always fully staffed, in the right positions, and so on. Naturally, combat training and similar actions typical of other, ordinary units are also carried out. However, if necessary, such a unit can begin to respond immediately. Similar categories include radio engineering, border guard, missile defense and air defense forces.

Elite units

Some parts of the army are more privileged. But not in the sense that they live the best, but in the sense that they are asked the most. Such units are also in full combat readiness at all times. In principle, this is not an entirely correct term, since, in fact, they are located in the places of their deployment and some elements characteristic of this degree are not inherent in them, but if necessary, they, just like anti-missile troops, are capable of instantly starting the battle. These include parts special purpose, protection of heads of state, strategic troops and so on. The combat readiness of units of this type is so high that it is almost impossible for an ordinary employee to join the staff of such a detachment. They choose only the best, those who have shown themselves to be excellent in all respects, who have the correct vision of the situation, a stable psyche, and so on. Many career military personnel would like to serve in elite units, but not everyone is given this for one reason or another.

Mobilization readiness

This concept also applies to the armed forces, but the main role here is played by the state as a whole. This type of readiness means the country’s overall readiness for war, the availability of personnel reserves, funds, weapons, strategic resources, and so on. That is, this is not a direct indicator of how quickly a country can start fighting, it reveals how long it will last. For example, a country’s entire army is capable of instantly starting military operations. But mobilization readiness is extremely low. As a result, if war breaks out, the army will be able to immediately open fire, but will not be able to continue doing so for a long time. That is, in such a situation, the bet is on a lightning-fast capture and achieving the set goals. In the opposite case, if the army is not very prepared, but huge mobilization reserves have been accumulated, the country will be able to turn the situation in its favor after a certain time, when the enemy’s resources run out.

Combat duty

This is the most basic type of holding events in a unit during full readiness. So, in a normal situation, it consists of guard and garrison service, as well as security of the territory. But in the event of hostilities, it is also supplemented by combat and outpost security. Sometimes a curfew service is added. Combat duty performs such functions as constant monitoring of the situation, objects (from external and internal problems) and so on. Additionally, all employees are trained on the topic of vigilance and the adequacy of decisions in a wide variety of situations that could theoretically occur. All this is aimed at complicating the enemy’s reconnaissance work with maximum efficiency and in no case allowing him to launch a surprise attack.

Different countries

Features of preparation for certain actions can vary quite significantly in different countries. This depends, first of all, on the state itself, and only secondly on its armed forces. For example, if a country has not conducted hostilities for a very long time and, in principle, does not intend to do so, then the degree of readiness may be different. That is, the same situation in North Korea and Switzerland will lead to completely different reactions from each other. It is believed that the better trained soldiers are, the less time it takes to full preparation to immediate war. But in fact, given that after the Second World War there were no more such global conflicts, it is completely impossible to say for sure now. Most experts agree that if this happens again, then all countries that have nuclear weapons will simply exchange blows and humanity will cease to exist after that. During the time this happens, not a single standard unit will have time to more or less adequately react to the situation, and certainly not be able to do anything.

Bottom line

In general, all of the above concerned service during the Soviet era and remains relevant today. Some items or features may be subject to change. Quite naturally, in order to combat the intelligence of other countries, they are not reported. In general, all sets of measures taken with the increase in combat readiness at each new level become more stringent and aimed at the immediate response of units to the emerging threat. How effective will they be if such a need arises? We can only hope that the world never finds out about this.

Degrees of combat readiness

established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and departmental regulations types of state of the troops and bodies of the RF PS, from which they can prepare for the implementation of the safety protection system within the required time frame. They are introduced by order of senior commanders (chiefs). S.b.g. (“Constant”, “Increased”, “ ” and “Full”) are established in order to maintain the ability of troops and bodies in any situation to successfully carry out the tasks of protecting and guarding the State Guard of the Russian Federation.

Border Dictionary. - M.: Academy of the Federal PS of the Russian Federation. 2002 .

See what “Degrees of combat readiness” are in other dictionaries:

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Combat Kit- a certain amount of ammunition contained in peacetime for each weapon in case of war. The size of the B. kit is determined by three conditions: 1) the amount of ammunition located with the battery or in general with the unit... ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

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Combat readiness is a state that determines the degree of readiness of troops to solve the combat missions assigned to them. The combat readiness of units and subunits should be understood, first of all, as their ability to immediately begin solving combat missions in accordance with the goal, plan and situation.

Combat readiness depends on:
the staffing of units and units, the training of personnel and their equipment in working order modern weapons and military equipment;
high moral and political condition and discipline of the troops;
high field training and coordination of actions of units and subunits in preparing them for battle, the ability to move from peaceful living conditions to a martial law, strike at the enemy and achieve his defeat in the shortest possible time;
availability and condition of all types of material resources.

Units and subunits in peacetime are always in constant combat readiness, and as the situation worsens they can be transferred to other higher degrees combat readiness.

There are the following levels of combat readiness:
constant;
increased;
combat danger;
complete.

Constant combat readiness of the unit is achieved:
staffing and provision of the unit with everything necessary;
high combat training and readiness to operate in difficult conditions;
timely and organized bringing of the unit to the highest levels of combat readiness;
high political and moral state, discipline and vigilance of personnel.

With constant combat readiness, units engage in daily, planned activities, being ready at any moment to quickly and in an organized manner to carry out a combat mission.

The units are located in permanent deployment points, military equipment is stored in parks, ammunition and military supplies are stored in warehouses. The units are engaged in accordance with the combat training plan, guard duty is carried out and internal duty is on duty around the clock.

“Increased combat readiness” is introduced in order to ensure that troops are brought to “military danger” and “full” combat readiness in a shorter time than from a “constant” state.

It includes:
Bringing equipment and weapons to full combat readiness.
Loading supplies of material and technical equipment onto vehicles.
Strengthening security.
Transfer of all troops to barracks position.
All military personnel return to their units from vacations, business trips, etc.
All types of communications are checked.
Radiation and chemical monitoring is organized.
Excess supplies and barracks funds are being prepared for delivery.

Subsequently, the units engage in combat training near military camps.

Combat readiness “military danger” means a state that allows you to immediately begin performing a combat mission. At this level of readiness, troops are withdrawn on combat alert to concentration areas or combat areas.

The following activities are carried out:
Alarm and exit to the concentration area.
Replenishment is accepted according to wartime staff.
The personnel are issued new helmets, gas masks, dosimeters, dressings and anti-chemical bags.
Units receive cartridges and grenades in standard closures.
Ammunition is brought into final equipment.
Equipment and weapons are put into combat use.

In “full” combat readiness, units are brought into the highest readiness to carry out combat missions.

Equipment for soldiers and sergeants - full form clothes, weapons according to the state, equipment and a complete duffel bag (see Appendix N2).

Encyclopedic sources note: “Combat readiness is a state that determines the degree of readiness of troops to carry out the tasks assigned to them... This is, ultimately, the crown of combat excellence in peacetime and the key to victory in war.” 1

Many works have been written about the concept of “combat readiness”, its essence and the need to maintain it in the troops. Combat readiness is of particular importance for the Russian Armed Forces. Untimely and disorganized bringing them into combat readiness with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War resulted in dire consequences not only for the army, but also for the country as a whole, with the death of millions of people.

IN Soviet period A corresponding conclusion was drawn from this lesson. I would like to remind you what efforts military and non-military people throughout the country had to make in order to subsequently maintain the combat capability of the army and navy at the proper level for many decades and thereby preserve the peaceful labor of their citizens. This problem is still relevant today. Experience has been accumulated in creating a coherent combat readiness system for the domestic Armed Forces. This is an example of the creative, selfless work of the people and the army.

In the post-war period, military science gave Objective assessment reasons for miscalculations in ensuring the combat readiness of the Red Army on the eve of the war and in its initial period, and certain recommendations were developed in order to avoid making mistakes in the future. Everything that was done during the Soviet period in the field of improving the organizational structure of formations and units, their technical equipment, command and control systems, combat training, combat, technical and logistical support, strengthening the moral and psychological state of personnel, discipline and organization, was ultimately is aimed at ensuring that troops are not taken by surprise in the event of war.

It was concluded that the country's Armed Forces must be in constant high combat readiness to repel a surprise attack by an aggressor, and be able to carry out the tasks assigned to them at any time. After World War II, five main stages can be distinguished in the development of the theory and practice of combat readiness. The first stage covers eight and a half years - from 1945 to 1953. It is due to the transfer of the Armed Forces to a peaceful position, their reorganization and modernization. At this time, complete mechanization and motorization of the army was carried out, technical renewal of all branches of the military was carried out, jet aviation was created and the country's air defense forces were formed. During this period, requirements were formulated for maintaining the combat readiness of troops in peacetime.

It was taken into account that during the Korean War (1950–1953), new combat weapons were used - jet aircraft, effective incendiaries- napalm, some types of bacteriological and chemical weapons. The second stage took six years - from 1954 to 1960. It is characterized by massive equipment of all branches of the Armed Forces nuclear weapons, the creation and introduction of new weapons, restructuring organizational structures and, accordingly, a revision of views on the nature of the operation and battle. The troops switched to a new system of gradually bringing formations to combat readiness, according to which three levels of combat readiness were provided: everyday, increased and full. The third stage includes the next ten years - from 1961 to 1970.

This was the decade of creating strategic nuclear forces, the massive introduction of missiles for various purposes into all types of armed forces, the emergence of military space assets, a sharp leap in the development of information and control systems. During this period, according to the state of combat readiness levels, the Armed Forces were divided into several categories. At the same time, most of the troops, forces and assets capable of immediately starting to carry out combat missions without additional deployment were classified as permanently ready troops.

These are the rocket troops strategic purpose, all foreign military groups, a significant part of the air defense, air force and navy forces. The second category included compounds with short term readiness (1–2 days). Most of these formations were part of border military districts. The third category included reduced strength troops with terms mobilization readiness up to 10–15 days. The fourth category included framed formations with a deployment period of 20 to 30 days from the start of the war. The fourth stage lasted from 1971 to 1980. and was also very rich in content. At this time, a sharp qualitative leap occurred in the state of the Armed Forces and their combat readiness. Their strategic potential has increased several times.

Particular attention was paid to increasing the combat readiness of the Strategic Missile Forces. They switched to new level management. The Signal A system was put into operation. This improved missile force control system was combined with centralized system combat control of the Armed Forces (Center). The warning time for launches of small missiles was increased to 30–35 minutes, and for launches of RSD and radar-guided missiles - to 5–8 minutes. A new element of “airmobility” appeared in the combat readiness system, which affected the timing of the maneuver. This was facilitated vietnam war, where multi-purpose helicopters were used in large numbers.

Taking into account the increased ground and air mobility of troops on the battlefield, it was necessary to make certain adjustments to the standards for bringing troops to combat readiness. It is also significant that the war in Vietnam, as well as the wars in the Middle East (1967, 1973, 1982) marked the beginning of the wars of a new technological era, where the massive use of controlled precision weapons: in Vietnam these are air defense systems, guided bombs, homing aircraft missiles"Shrike", in the Middle East - guided missiles ATGM, SAM, air-to-air missiles that meet the "fire-to-hit" concept. The fifth stage in the development of the troop combat readiness system took place from the 80s to the 90s. Its main content was the wars in Afghanistan (1979–1989), in the Persian Gulf zone (1991), and military campaigns in the North Caucasus (1994–1996; 1999–2000). The important thing is that from one local war to the other, new weapons systems began to be introduced more and more intensively. If in the Korean War 9 fundamentally new combat systems were put into operation, in Vietnam - 25, in the Middle East - 30, then in the Gulf War - 100.

The new quality was manifested in the fact that in the 90s the specific gravity use of precision weapons. If in Operation Desert Storm (1991) the share of guided bombs was 8 percent, then 7 years later, during Operation Desert Fox (1998) against Iraq, their share increased to 70 percent, in Operation Terrifying Force (1999) against Yugoslavia - up to 90 percent. All American weapons were controlled, high-precision weapons. Taking into account changing conditions in the 70s, it was developed new system bringing troops to combat readiness. It provided for administrative order and the possibility of extreme deployment of forces and means in the event of a sudden crisis situation.

A genuine revolution in views on war, methods of waging it and, accordingly, the system for ensuring the combat readiness of the armed forces was due to grandiose scientific breakthroughs in nuclear physics, optics, solid state physics, radio physics, thermal physics, space, electronic and laser technology and other scientific fields. The development of the theory and practice of combat readiness of the Armed Forces was greatly facilitated by a coherent system of operational-strategic exercises in theaters of operations. Thus, from 1971 to 1980, 9 such exercises were held in the West, 7 exercises in the East, 2 exercises in the South, 4 operational-strategic exercises of air defense forces, 3 operational-strategic exercises of the Air Force, 2 strategic exercises of the Navy. The entire range of problems of the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of that time was reflected in military-theoretical works that appeared from 1961 to 1990, including such as “The Initial Period of the War” (1964), “ Common problems Soviet military strategy" (1969), "Strategic operation in the theater of military operations" (1966), "War and the art of war" (1972), "War and the army" (1977), "Modern warfare" (1978), " Military strategy"(1970), "Combined Arms Battle" (1965), Field Manual of the Armed Forces (1948), etc. An analysis of the theory and practice of combat readiness of troops in the Soviet period would be incomplete without coverage psychological aspect Problems.

In textbooks, psychology is considered as a science about the patterns, mechanisms, conditions, factors and features of the development and functioning of the human psyche. A separate branch of it is military psychology, which studies the patterns of the psyche and behavior of people in conditions military service, especially in a combat situation. 2

Combat research is the study of the laws of human activity in combat. At one time, Clausewitz wrote: “Combat is the ultimate goal of an army, and man is the first weapon of battle; without accurate knowledge of man and his condition at the decisive moment of battle, no tactics are possible.” But the nature of human psychology has remained unchanged over the centuries. People are still guided in their behavior by passions, base inclinations, instincts, and in particular, the most powerful - the instinct of self-preservation, which can manifest itself in battle in different forms: in the form of fear, indifference, and sometimes panic.

To be able to control a person’s behavior in battle, to instill fearlessness in him, to inspire him to heroic deeds, to mobilize him to carry out a combat mission - this means ensuring the proper combat capability of the unit in any situation. Napoleon said: “The instinct of every person is to prevent himself from being killed by the defenseless.”

Philosophers argue that it was human knowledge that created Roman tactics and ensured the successes of Julius Caesar. 3 Combat tests a person’s spiritual and physical strength. The famous historian B. M. Teplov’s statement about fear in battle is noteworthy. “The question,” he writes, “is not whether a person in battle experiences the emotion of fear or does not experience any emotion, but whether he experiences the negative emotion of fear and positive emotion combat excitement. The latter is a necessary companion to military vocation and military talent.” 4

Maintaining proper combat readiness in battle is impossible without the combat cohesion of the unit, without the courageous, decisive actions of military personnel, which is the result of their targeted training and education. Perhaps the most difficult and most important thing in a commander’s activity is managing the behavior of people in battle. To do this, we need to find ways to the heart of every soldier, awaken the best in him. fighting qualities. M.I. Dragomirov wrote that “only war causes that joint tension of all the spiritual sides of a person, especially his will, which shows the full extent of his power and which is not caused by any other type of activity.” 5

As a conclusion from what has been discussed, we note that without instilling such fighting qualities in military personnel as determination, courage, courage, combat activity, willingness to take reasonable risks, strength of character, initiative, collectivism, military camaraderie, mutual assistance, composure in the face of mortal danger, belief in the superiority of one’s weapons, the ability to control oneself in stressful situations it is impossible to ensure high combat readiness of the unit. Taking care of this is the most important duty of a commander.

With the strength of his intellect, depth of foresight, originality of the battle plan, military cunning, decisiveness of action, achievement of surprise, swiftness of maneuver, clarity and flexibility in coordinating combat efforts of forces and means, firmness and flexibility in leading units, a commander can double or triple combat capabilities divisions. Decisive role The time factor plays a role in ensuring combat readiness. The loss of time is irreplaceable. Strengthening the combat readiness and combat capability of a unit is work today and for the future. It is necessary to take into account not only that likely enemy has today, but also what weapons he will have tomorrow.

LITERATURE

1 . Soviet military encyclopedia, vol. I, 1976. M.: Military Publishing House. P. 511.

2. Military psychology and pedagogy. Tutorial. M.: “Perfection”. 1998. P. 10.

3. Shumov S. Weapons, army, war, battle. Kyiv-Moscow: “AlternativeEvrolints”, 2003. P. 399.

4 . Teplov B. M. The mind of a commander. M.: Pedagogy. 1990. P. 97.

5 . Dragomirov M.I. Analysis of war and peace. St. Petersburg: 1898. P. 14.

I.N. VOROBYEV, V.A. KISELEV