When porcini mushrooms emerge in the Samur forest. Mushrooms all year round - how to understand the mushroom calendar
A long-term study of the timing of the appearance of edible mushrooms in central Russia allows us to identify a certain pattern. First in spring forest morels and strings appear - from mid-April to mid-May. This is followed by three harvests or, as experienced mushroom pickers say, “layers”, different in the composition of the mushrooms, and most importantly, in productivity.
The first harvest occurs during the period when winter rye is earing. That is why the mushrooms that appear at this time (white mushrooms, boletuses, boletus mushrooms and boletus mushrooms) are often called “spike mushrooms”. First harvest noble mushrooms in the new season is always welcome, but small and pleases collectors only very much a short time. They look for spikeworts in well-lit places: clearings, forest edges, clearings, along paths, among rare deciduous young growth.
The second layer of mushrooms appears 2-3 weeks after the first. It is much more diverse in composition, but weak in yield. Lasts no more than 2-3 weeks. Mushrooms appear mainly in open places, less often in mature deciduous forests.
The third layer is rightfully considered the main harvest of mushrooms. In terms of the variety of mushrooms, the timing of fruiting and the strength, it is unrivaled. Mushrooms are collected both in open areas and under the forest canopy.
The table summarizes information about the timing of harvests of a number of edible mushrooms. It should be borne in mind that the dates indicated here are for the Moscow region. Therefore, if you live in more northern regions, then the beginning of the mushroom harvest will be delayed by 1-2 weeks, and the end will come earlier by the same period. If you are located south of the Moscow region, then the mushroom harvest should be expected 1-2 weeks earlier than the dates indicated in the book. At the same time, the mushroom picking season is also extended by 1-2 weeks. The indicated dates are indicative only and may vary slightly from year to year depending on specific weather conditions.
| Types of mushrooms | May | June | July | August | September | October | ||||||||||||
| Decades | ||||||||||||||||||
| I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | |
| Morel | ||||||||||||||||||
| Porcini | ||||||||||||||||||
| Boletus | ||||||||||||||||||
| boletus | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chanterelle | ||||||||||||||||||
| Oiler | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mosswort | ||||||||||||||||||
| Honey fungus | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ryzhik | ||||||||||||||||||
| Volnushka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gruzd | ||||||||||||||||||
| Valuy | ||||||||||||||||||
| Russula | ||||||||||||||||||
| Champignon | ||||||||||||||||||
| Belyanka (white volnushka) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gorkushka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Greenfinch | ||||||||||||||||||
| Serushka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Kozlyak | ||||||||||||||||||
| Raincoat | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cap | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ryadovka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Violin | ||||||||||||||||||
The Moscow region is famous for its mushroom places. August and September are the months when they stock up on mushrooms for the winter. At this time, in the Moscow region, in the forest, you can collect full baskets of boletus, saffron milk caps, aspen boletus, birch boletus, and moss mushrooms. From the second half of August, milk mushrooms, saffron milk caps, and white trumpets appear in the forests of the Moscow region. In all directions of Moscow railway there are places where you can go for mushrooms. Let's figure out where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region, what mushrooms grow in the Moscow region and how to safely pick mushrooms. Study the map, remember the mushroom places in the Moscow region and boldly go into the forest.
Map of mushroom places in the Moscow region
Mushroom places on the map of the Moscow region - enlarged by clicking
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Kazan direction
Gzhel station. 4 - 5 km north of the railway, in the vicinity of the villages of Minino and Konyashino.
Grigoryevo station.
Ingatyevo station.
Kuzyaevo station. On both sides of the railway.
Shevlyagino station. North of the platform 2 km towards the villages of Averkovo and Shabanovo.
Platform 73rd km, Antsiferovo, station. Boletuses. 3 - 4 km from the railway.
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Ryazan direction
Bronnitsy station. 5 - 6 km from the villages of Biserovo, Plaskinino.
Platform 63 km. 3 - 4 km from the railway.
Faustovo station. 3 - 4 km from the railway.
Peski station. 5 - 6 km near the villages of Berdniki and Novoselki.
Konev Boy station. In the direction of the villages of Shelukhino and Klimovka.
Shchurovo station. Located near the village of the same name coniferous forest. Chanterelles and porcini mushrooms.
Chernaya station. Located among a light pine forest. This place of worship mushroom pickers near Moscow. Even at the entrance to the station you can see them wandering among the tall trunks. When you leave the station, you almost immediately find yourself in the forest. Among the pines you can look for boletus and chanterelles. Pig mushrooms also love coniferous forests, but it is not recommended to collect them: these mushrooms absorb harmful substances very quickly. Either take them young, or discard them altogether.
Lukhovitsy station. Not far from the station there are two forested areas. The one to the north attracts with porcini mushrooms and boletus mushrooms. The locals call it that way: birch forest. After walking a couple of kilometers along a country road towards Moscow, you will come to an unusually beautiful pond. It is located on the edge of the forest, which is replete with boletus and aspen mushrooms.
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Yaroslavl direction
Pravda station. 1 - 2 km from the railway on both sides. To the east - towards the village of Nazarovo. To the west - towards the village of Stepankovo.
Pushkino station. This is one of the most environmentally friendly areas of the Moscow region. There are a lot of forest areas. Local grannies assure that there are mushrooms there. It all depends on your desire and perseverance. Lots of chanterelles and russula.
Sokolovskaya station. By bus number 349 from the station. From the Shchelkovskaya metro station you reach the final station (Shchelkovo-7), then you can catch a car and drive in a south-west direction. You disembark and walk through the forest in the same direction. From Yaroslavsky station by train to Fryazevo or Monino to Sokolovskaya. Next, take a bus or minibus to the village of Krasnoznamensky, then walk about 2 - 2.5 km north to the Klyazma River. It takes 40 minutes to get to Sokolovskaya by train.
Zelenogradskaya station. 2 km west of the platform in the direction of the village of Daryino.
Sofrino station. 3 - 4 km west of the platform in the direction of the villages of Mitropolye and Novovoronino.
Ashukinskaya station. Cross the rails and move into the thick of the forest. According to locals, there are a lot of boletuses here. You won't return with empty baskets. You can take a break on the banks of the Vyaz River. The water is clean, so you can swim. 4 - 5 km west of the railway in the direction of the villages of Novovoronino and Martyankovo.
Kalistovo station. 3 - 4 km west of the platform, in the forests near the village of Artemovo. To the east - towards the village of Golygino and along the banks of the Vori River.
Abramtsevo station. 4 - 5 km west of the platform near the villages of Zhuchki and Akhtyrka.
Semkhoz station. On both sides of the railway. To the south - towards the villages of Vysokovo, Morozovo, to the west - towards the village of Shapilovo.
Station 76 km. This is the longest mushroom hunting trip. We walk the first 5 km to the Yaroslavl highway at a brisk pace, admiring nature, but don’t forget to look under the Christmas trees. Red boletus caps await you here. Go out to the shore of Lake Torbeevskoye. You can swim, have lunch, ride a jet ski or rent a catamaran. There are restaurants, cafes, and kebab shops. You can spend the night in a hotel complex on the shore. From the shore you move north parallel to the Yaroslavl highway. Five kilometers to the highest waterfall in the Moscow region - Gremyachey. There are a lot of mushrooms in this area.
The village of Sharapovo. Locals call this place “rows”. Porcini mushrooms are hiding under the moss in the swamp. If you arrive in early August, you will be greeted by a wild raspberry harvest. How to get there: from Yaroslavsky station to Sergiev Posad, then by bus to Sharapovo to the “Cemetery” stop. You go down to the lake and go around it on the left to the forest area.
The most mushroom route: from the platform 43 km to the west there are deciduous forests. You can move along the highway or forest paths to the village of Mitropole. Then you go from there along the banks of the Vyaz River, which will lead to the village of Eldigino. Next, the route will lead southeast to the village of Daryino. And from here the forest road, after about 3 km, will lead to the Zelenogradskaya platform. The length of the route is about 16 km.
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Leningrad direction
Podrezkovo station. 1.5 km south of the railway line along the right bank of the Skhodnya River in the direction of the villages of Ivanovskoye and Korostovo.
Firsanovka station. There are mushrooms on both sides of the railroad. In the north - 1.5 km from the station towards the villages of Novye Rzhavki, Nazaryevo and further towards the village of Klushino. In the west - 3 km from the station across the Goretovka River towards the village of Ruzino and near Pyatnitskoye Highway.
Beryozki Dachnye station. 1 - 2 km from the railway on both sides. From the west - towards the village of Snopovo and to the banks of the Istrinsky reservoir. On the eastern side - on the territory of the former Verkhne-Klyazminsky Nature Reserve towards the village of Terehovo.
Golovkovo station. 1.5 km north of the station in the direction of the village of Ermakovo.
Pokrovka station. On both sides of the station. From the north side - towards the villages of Koskovo, Dulepovo, Shakhmatovo. On the south side - to the villages of Zamyatino and Nikulino.
Frolovskoye station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. East of the station - in the direction of the villages of Dulepovo and Golenishchevo. To the west - towards the villages of Marfino and Vvedenskoye.
The most mushroom route: northeast from Firsanovka station to the village of Nazaryevo. Further - again to the northeast. Near the village of Elino, the route will cross the Leningradskoye Highway and lead into a dense mixed forest. This is the land of boletus mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, saffron milk caps and honey mushrooms. The trail leads to the banks of the Klyazma to the village of Poyarkovo.
The map of mushroom places in the Moscow region increases by clicking
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Savelovskoe direction
Lobnya station. 3 km east of the railway line in the direction of the Pyalovsky reservoir.
Lugovaya station. Mushrooms can be found on both sides of the railway: in the west, 2 km towards the village of Ozeretskoye. To the east of the station - 3 km towards the villages of Sholokhovo, Fedoskino, as well as along the banks of the Pyalovsky reservoir. In these places you can collect a good harvest of chanterelles, boletus and boletus.
Lugovaya station. Mushrooms can be found on both sides of the railway: in the west, 2 km towards the village of Ozeretskoye. To the east of the station - 3 km towards the villages of Sholokhovo, Fedoskino, as well as along the banks of the Pyalovsky reservoir. In these places you can collect a good harvest of chanterelles, boletus and boletus. From Savelovsky railway station to Lugovoy station it takes 40 minutes. You can get there by any train, except the next one to Orudevo station.
Nekrasovskaya station. A kilometer west from the platform towards the village of Ozeretskoye. From Moscow to Nekrasovka it takes 42 minutes.
Catuar station. 2 km west of the station.
Trudovaya station. In a southwest direction.
Iksha station. There are mushrooms 2 km west of the station in the direction of the villages of Staro-Podgornoye, Khoroshilovo, Lupanovo. Boletus and boletus are found in these places. From Khoroshilov to the northeast to the Morozki platform. From Savelovsky station to Iksha - 54 minutes by train.
Morozki station. There are mushrooms on both sides of the railway: 1.5 km in the west - near the villages of Novlyanka, Grigorkovo, 2 km in the east - near the villages of Sboevo, Grishino, Novinki. Travel time from the station is 1 hour.
Tourist station. Mushrooms can be found on both sides of the railway: to the west - 4 km towards the villages of Dyakovo, Paramonovo, Strekovo. 2 km in the east - towards the villages of Shustino and Ulyanki. From Moscow to Tourist it takes 1 hour and 7 minutes.
Vlasovo station. A kilometer west of the station towards the villages of Bobylino and Popadyino. 1.5 km on the north side of the railway in the direction of the villages of Rastovtsy, Sorokino. It takes 2 hours to get to Vlasovo station. You can get there by train going to Taldom or Savelov.
Taldom station. 4 km southwest towards the villages of Nagovitsino and Gusenki. There are a lot of chanterelles in these places. From Savelovsky station to Taldom - 2 hours 10 minutes.
The most mushroom route: from Iksha station, go towards the village of Khoroshilovo (about 2 km). From here you need to turn northeast to the Morozki platform. The length of the route is about 15 km.
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Riga direction
Opalikha station. In the north of Opalikha station in the direction of the village of Saburovo and in the forests along the banks of the Nakhabinka, Banka and Sinichka rivers, in the south towards the villages of Nikolo-Uryupino and Voronki there is a forest rich in mushrooms. To get to these places you need to walk 2 - 3 km, since there is no transport from the railway station. You can't drive a car there either. The train to Opalikha takes about 35 minutes.
Nakhabino station. According to locals, there are mushrooms 4 km north of the station towards Kozino along the banks of the Nakhabinka River. The drive to Moscow is about 45 minutes.
The village of Pavlovskaya Sloboda. The surroundings of this village are rich in mushrooms, in particular champignons. From the railway station From Nakhabino to Pavlovskaya Sloboda there is minibus No. 23, the ride to the village is about 10 minutes. There are lakes near Pavlovskaya Sloboda and the village of Valednikovo, where you can swim. Both in Nakhabino and Pavlovskaya Sloboda they sell mushrooms, mainly champignons.
Dedovsk station. 3 - 4 km from the station to the north from the railway line towards Turov and Nikolo-Cherkizovo.
Snegiri station. On both sides of the railway. In the north - 2 km from the station towards Eremeev, in the south - a kilometer towards the village of Zhevnevo and along the right bank of the Istra River.
Kholshcheviki station. A kilometer south of the station and further in the forests along the right bank of the Malaya Istra River.
Yadroshino station. On both sides of the railway. In the north - a kilometer from the station towards the village of Markovo-Kursakovo. In the south - behind the Volokolamsk highway, 3 km from the station, in the direction of the villages of Lapino and Novodarino.
Kursakovskaya station. To the east from the station towards the village of Markovo-Kursakovo.
Rumyantsevo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway line on both sides. In the eastern and northern directions - towards the villages of Rybushki, Savelyevo, Dolevo, along the banks of the Maglushi River. In a south-west direction - towards Lake Trostenskoye.
Lesodolgorukovo station. To the north of the railway line towards the villages of Nudol-Sharino, Maryino.
The most mushroom route: 2 km north of Opalikha station, behind the village of Novonikolskoye, on the banks of the Banka River. The forest here extends for several kilometers to the west and east. Go around the village of Saburovo from the west and head towards the village of Fedorovka. From the village of Yurlovo on Pyatnitskoye Highway you can take a bus back to Moscow. The length of the route is 12 km.
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Belarusian direction
Zhavoronki station. 1 km south of the station, in the direction of the villages of Mitkino, Sumino, Malye Vyazemy. 2 - 3 km north of the railway line towards the village of Nazaryevo, in the vicinity of which you can now “hunt” for chanterelles and honey mushrooms, as well as in the forest along the banks of the Bolshaya and Malaya Vyazemka rivers. From Belorussky Station to Zhavoronki it takes about 50 minutes by train.
Khlyupino station (Zvenigorodskaya line from Golitsyno station). From the southwest the forest came close to the railway line. Route in the direction of the villages of Raevo and Alyaukhovo. To the north and northeast of the station you can go through the forest to the villages of Chigasovo and Goryshkino. There are also mushrooms in the village of Malye Vyazemy. Malye Vyazemy station is one stop on the train, before reaching Golitsyn.
In the Smolensk direction Golitsyno is the most Big City. At the market near the station they sell various mushrooms. If you decide to spend the weekend in the Moscow region, you can spend the night in Golitsyn: there is a small hotel in former House Writers' Union (1 and 2 local numbers). The rooms are not luxurious, but there is a shower and toilet. To get to the hotel, you need to turn left from the platform and walk about 700 meters in a straight line. The low red brick building on the right is the hotel.
Skorotovo station (Zvenigorod line). To the north from the station towards the village of Dunino, to the east - towards Chigasov, to the south and southwest - to the villages of Raevo and Alyaukhovo.
Zvenigorod station. In the western and eastern directions from the station in the vicinity of the villages of Maryino, Salkovo, Dunino. In the west - near the villages of Klopovo, Pestovo, as well as along the banks of the Ostrovnya River. There is a minibus going to Zvenigorod from Golitsyno station.
Stations Sushkinskaya, Petelino, Chastsovskaya and Portnovskaya (the stations follow each other). 2 - 3 km from the stations, a huge forest stretches in a southern direction for many kilometers, to the Kyiv direction railway.
Petelino station. In the northern direction there is a forest rich in mushrooms (north is the right side of the railway tracks when coming from Moscow). At the station Petelino there is a sign to the Petelino poultry farm. If you follow this road, you can come to places rich in mushrooms, a lot of honey mushrooms. From Moscow to Petelin it takes about an hour.
The most mushroom route: from Petelino station you walk along the Ostrovni River to the north, passing the village of Tatarki, the village of Gar-Pokrovskoye and the village of Ivonino. Then walk about 6 kilometers along a forest path along the bank of the Ostrovni River to the village of Pestovo. From here head north-east through the forests to the village of Klopovo. 2 km east of it is the Zvenigorod station.
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Kiev direction
Here, in the vast deciduous and mixed forests, mushrooms of all kinds grow
Pobeda station. Mushrooms on both sides of the railway (1 km). In the southeast - towards the village of Kalugino. In the west - to the villages of Sumino, Sanniki, Mamyri. It is better to get there from the Kievsky railway station on all trains, except those going to the Airport, Solnechny and Lesnoy Gorodok. It takes 48 minutes to get to Pobeda station.
Dachnaya station. 2 km south of the platform in the forest beyond the Desna River, in the vicinity of the villages of Svitino and Timonino. Travel time from Moscow is 55 minutes.
Selyatino station. Move south and southeast from the station in directions to the villages of Syryevo, Glagolevo, Ignatovo. From Kievsky railway station to Selyatino station - approximately 1 hour 3 minutes by train.
Rassudovo station. 2 - 3 km east of the railway line in the direction to the village of Glagolevo, as well as in the vicinity of the villages of Kuznetsovo, Dolgtino, Ignatovo.
Ozhigovo station. A path goes south from the platform, which after 1.5 km intersects with the Kyiv highway. Then the path goes through fields. Head south. It's easy to get lost here, so you need to take a compass. After crossing the Ladyrka River, you will find yourself in a forest - Kuznetsovskoe forestry. You can return to Moscow from the Bekasovo or Zosimova Pustyn platforms, which are located to the west. There are quite a lot of russula and nigella in these places. From Moscow to Ozhigov it takes 1 hour and 10 minutes.
Bekasovo station. Mushrooms on both sides of the railway in the area of 1 - 2 km. Head east and south from the station, in these places the forests are very rich in mushrooms, especially in the area of the villages of Ivanovka, Afanasovka, Savelovka and Mogutovo. From Kievsky station to Bekasov it takes 1 hour 12 minutes only by train, going to Maloyaroslavets.
Bashkino station. Forests on the west side of the railway. 2 km east of the station towards the village of Pokrovka. The forests are rich in russula and other mushrooms. Bashkin can be reached in 1 hour 47 minutes.
Obninskoye station. North-west of the station, 2 - 3 km towards the villages of Samsonovo, Belkino, as well as on both banks of the Protva River.
The most mushroom route: a path goes south from the Ozhigovo platform. After 1.5 km it crosses Kievskoye Highway. Then the path goes through fields. In the west you can see the village of Sotnikovo. From here it is better to move in a southerly direction. You cross the Ladyrka River and find yourself in the Kuznetsovskoye forestry, thinned out by unusual clearings. They start at the forester's house and spread out in twenty-five rays in all directions. You can return to Moscow from the Bekasovo platform. The length of the route is 12 - 15 km.
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Kursk direction
Here there is an abundance of russula, nigella, milk mushrooms, boletus, aspen, chanterelles, and boletus.
Grivno station. 2 - 3 km east of the railway in the direction of the villages of Berezhki and Kharitonovo.
Lvovskaya station. To the southeast of the station in the direction of the village of Ivino.
Kolkhoznaya station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the east - towards the village of Nikonovo and in the forests along the banks of the Rozhaya River. South-east of the station in the forest behind the village of Sharapovo. In the west - towards the villages of Panino and Zhokhovo.
Station Chepelevo and Chekhov. In the direction of the villages of Alachkovo, Maksimikha, Oksino.
Luch station. 4 - 5 km from the railway on the western side in the vicinity of the villages of Popovka and Milyachino.
Sharapova hunting station. To the east to the villages of Pleshkino, Voskresenki, Petrukhino.
Avangard station. 2 - 3 km east of the station, in the direction of the village of Vskhody, as well as into the forests stretching along the banks of the Rechma and Lopasnya rivers. You can get to the Lopasni River valley from Serpukhov by bus to the village of Gurovo or by boat to the Priluki pier.
The most mushroom route: start collecting 2 km east of Lvovskaya station in the forest behind the village of Lagovsky. In this forest, along the gentle slopes of ravines, in open birch forests, along the edges and old forest roads and clearings, whites grow. From the village of Meshcherskoye to Kolkhoznaya station you can walk along the picturesque banks of the Rozhaya River or straight through the forest. The length of the route is 16 - 20 km.
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Gorky direction
Fryazevo station. South of the station beyond the village of Vselodovo.
Kazanskoe station. On both sides of the railway.
Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Paveletskaya direction
Vzletnaya station. On both sides of the station: in the birch forest behind the village of Redkino or west of the villages Bityagovo and Yusupovo, as well as east of the station towards the village of Elgazin.
Vostryakovo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway, south of Zaborye.
White Pillars station. 3 - 4 km from the station in the direction of the villages of Shebantsevo, Kolychevo, Sonino, Kurganye.
Barybino station. West of the station behind the village of Rastunov, in the vicinity of Yusupov, Shishkin, Uvarov. Along the banks of the Severka River.
Velyaminovo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the east towards the villages of Tatarinovo, Lenkovo, Kaverino and in the forests along the right bank of the Vostets River. In the west - in the vicinity of the village of Velyaminovo.
Privalovo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the east - towards the villages of Konstantinovskoye and Kishkino. In the west - in the vicinity of Nemtsov, Sidorov.
Mikhnevo station. 3 km from the railway on both sides. To the east - towards Koshelevka, Vasilievsky, Ignatiev. To the west - to Razinkov and Usady.
Shugarovo station. 3 - 4 km west of the station, towards Torbeev, Zavorykin.
Zhilevo station. On both sides of the railway. In the east - 1 - 2 km towards the village of Petrovo, in the west - 3 - 4 km towards Pochinki, Sitna-Shchelkovo, Psarev.
Stupino station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the northeast - towards the village of Staraya Sitnya. In the west - to Matveikov, Saigatov.
Akri station. In the forest to the west and south of the station in the direction of Saigatov, Sokolovaya Hermitage.
The most mushroom route: start the hike from Belye Stolby station. A deciduous forest begins 1 km to the west. 6 km from the station, south of the village of Shebantsevo, you need to cross the Kashirskoe highway and go deeper into the forest south of the village of Sonino. This is the kingdom of porcini mushrooms. From Shebantsev you can return along the road to the station. White pillars or take a bus to the station. Domodedovo or Mikhnevo.
Where and when to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region?
Everyone knows that mushrooms grow well in warm, humid weather, especially if it is July or August. Most mushroom pickers can be found in mixed and spruce forests, birch groves and pine forests.
Cap mushrooms, many of which are edible, usually have a developed mycelium under several tree species at once. IN Forests near Moscow mycorrhiza (“fungal root”) most often appears near pines, spruces, birches, oaks and aspens. Less common under larches, poplars, alder and rowan.
For some edible mushrooms, the organic matter of decaying wood or the forest floor of leaves and needles is more important. Many honey mushrooms are famous for this.
There are edible mushrooms that thrive in seemingly completely inappropriate places. For example, on burnt areas and fireplaces you can see the tall morel growing.
There are more mushrooms on the edges of the forest, along forest roads, clearings, on lawns, etc. And here dense thickets and too high grass stands are considered less suitable places for collecting mushrooms.
The first (spring) mushrooms are morels and strings. June - August is the time when the bulk of edible mushrooms appear. The growth of many edible mushrooms is inhibited or ends with the onset of autumn frosts. Although some of them can be collected even with a serious drop in air temperature in late autumn. For example, winter honey fungus. Toward the end, before the beginning of winter, such little-known edible mushrooms as buttercollibia and violet rowan continue to appear.
How to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - safety rules
The basic safety rules that should be followed when going into the forest to pick mushrooms or berries are simple, the main thing is to follow them. The forests of the Moscow region, of course, are not taiga, but you can get lost in them, so do not neglect the safety rules when picking mushrooms and enjoy quiet hunt in the Moscow region you are guaranteed:
1. You should not go into the forest alone. When going to the forest, it is necessary to warn relatives and friends about the route and time of stay in the forest.
2. Rescuers recommend refilling your cell phone balance and checking the battery charge before going mushroom hunting. Take with you a compass, matches, knife, small stock water and products. Those who constantly use medications, and this primarily concerns older people, need to have medications with them.
3. Clothes should be bright. Camouflage in the forest can be invisible even from three meters. It would be good if there were reflective stickers on your clothes.
4. Enter the forest only when daylight hours days. Remember your route, pay attention to fallen trees, streams, and clearings that will help you navigate the forest.
5. If you do get lost, don’t panic, stop and think about where you came from, whether you can hear screams, car noise, or barking dogs. If possible, climb on tall tree and look around.
6. Try to find a clearing or road and move along it. It should be remembered that any road will sooner or later lead you to a populated area.
7. If you couldn’t find your way and night found you in the forest, don’t worry. Find a suitable place to stay overnight. It is not recommended to move in the dark; you can get injured by tripping or falling into the water.
8. The place to spend the night is chosen high and dry, preferably near big tree. Prepare brushwood for the fire, make bedding from spruce branches. It is best to sit with your back to a tree, light a fire in front of you and keep it going all night.
9. More than once, a cell phone has helped to locate lost mushroom pickers. To ask for help, you need to dial 112 and explain your location, following the quarter post, which is a kind of forest sign. You can call rescuers from your mobile phone even without a SIM card or if you are on the territory of a “foreign operator” of cellular communications.
Previously on the topic of Mushrooms:
White mushroom (lat. Boletus edulis) is a type of fungus that belongs to the department Basidiomycetes, class Agaricomycetes, order Boletaceae, family Boletaceae, . This is the most colorful representative of the mushroom kingdom. The abbreviated name of the mushroom is simply “white”, some call it boletus. Even inexperienced mushroom pickers easily recognize the “forest celebrity” and fill their baskets with it.
Why is the porcini mushroom called white?
Your name White mushroom received in ancient times, when mushrooms were often dried rather than fried or stewed. The marbled pulp of the porcini mushroom, even after heat treatment and drying, remains perfectly white. People noticed this feature and called the mushroom with a dark cap white. Another version of the name is associated with the contrast of the porcini mushroom with the less tasty and less valuable “black” mushrooms, the flesh of which darkens when cut.
White mushroom - description and photo, characteristics and properties
hat
All mushrooms of the boletus genus have a strikingly delicate aroma and piquant taste.
The brownish-brown cap of a mature porcini mushroom grows on average to 7-30 centimeters in diameter. But in certain latitudes, subject to heavy rains and mild temperature regime Porcini mushrooms with a cap diameter of 50 centimeters also appear.
Determining the age of a mushroom is quite simple: the cap of a young porcini mushroom has an almost artistically designed convex shape, while overripe mushrooms are flatter, sometimes even prostrate in appearance. The surface of the porcini mushroom cap in most cases has a pleasant to the touch, slightly velvety texture; the upper skin is tightly connected to the pulp, so it is difficult to separate from it. In dry and windy weather, the cap becomes covered with a network of small but deep wrinkles or cracks, which leads to damage to the internal pores of the mushroom. In rainy weather, a thin film of mucus can be seen on the top of the cap. The color of the porcini mushroom cap can vary - from reddish-brown to almost milky white. How older mushroom, the darker and denser the cap becomes, and the skin acquires a characteristic roughness.
Pulp
The pulp of a ripe porcini mushroom is dense, juicy and mostly fleshy, attractive white. In old mushrooms, it turns into a fibrous structure, the shade of the pulp acquires a slightly yellow or light beige tone.
Leg
The height of the leg of the porcini mushroom is small, on average reaching 12 centimeters, but you can also meet “tall” representatives, the leg of which reaches 25 centimeters in height. The diameter of the stem is 7 cm, less often - 10 cm. A distinctive feature of the porcini mushroom is the shape of its stem: it is barrel-shaped or club-shaped, over time in old mushrooms it becomes cylindrical, slightly elongated in the center and thick at the base and cap. Its color varies from white to deep brown, sometimes with dark red spots. There are porcini mushrooms, the colors of the caps and legs of which are almost completely identical. Often, at the base of the cap, the stem has a network of light, thin veins, sometimes almost indistinguishable against the main background of the skin.
Blanket and spore powder
There are no remains of the porcini mushroom’s cover – the base of the stem is perfectly clean.
The spore powder is a juicy olive-brown hue, the spores of porcini mushrooms themselves are shaped like a spindle, their dimensions are amazingly tiny: 15.5 x 5.5 microns. The tubular layer is light, then turns yellow, acquiring an olive green hue.
Where do porcini mushrooms grow?
Porcini mushrooms grow on all continents, with the exception of arid australia And cold Antarctica. It is found throughout Europe, Northern and South America, in Mexico, in the territories of China, Japan and in the northern regions of Mongolia, in North Africa, in the British Isles, in the Caucasus, Kamchatka, Far East, in the middle and southern latitudes Russia. Very often, porcini mushrooms can be found in the northern taiga, in the European part of Russia and in the Far East.
When and in what forests do porcini mushrooms grow?
The growth cycle of porcini mushrooms is very variable and depends on the place of growth. Porcini mushrooms begin to grow in May or June, and the abundant appearance of mushroom islands ends in late autumn - in October-November (in warm regions). In the northern regions, the white mushroom grows from June to September, with mass collection beginning in the second half of August. Growth phase white boletus quite long: it takes only a full week to reach adulthood. Mushrooms grow in families or ring colonies, so meeting even one porcini mushroom in the forest often promises sure success for a mushroom picker.
Porcini mushrooms grow in both coniferous and deciduous or mixed forests under trees such as spruce, pine, oak, birch, hornbeam, and fir. Porcini mushrooms can be collected in places covered with moss and lichen, on sandy, sandy loam and loamy soils, but these mushrooms rarely grow on swamp soils and peat bogs. The porcini mushroom loves sunlight, but can also grow in dark areas. The mushroom grows poorly when the soil is waterlogged and daily air temperatures are low. Whites rarely grow in the tundra and forest-tundra, forest-steppe, and in steppe regions whites are not found at all.
Types of porcini mushrooms, names and photos
Among porcini mushrooms, the following varieties are considered the most famous:
- Porcini mushroom (net boletus) (lat.Boletus reticulatus )
Edible mushroom. It looks similar in appearance, has a cap of brown or ocher color, sometimes with an orange tint, located on a short cylindrical stem. The mesh on the mushroom stem is white or brown. The cap has a diameter of 6-30 cm. The flesh is white.
The reticulated porcini mushroom is found in beech, oak, hornbeam, and chestnut forests of Europe, North America and Africa, and in Transcaucasia. Occurs in June-September, but not too often.
- White mushroom dark bronze (copper, hornbeam) (bronze boletus) (lat. boletus aereus)
An edible type of porcini mushroom, it is distinguished by a very dark brown color of the cap and stem - sometimes they are almost black. On the leg there is a mesh, first white, then walnut. The leg has a cylindrical shape. The flesh of the bronze porcini mushroom is white, does not change color when cut, is dense, with a pleasant smell and taste.
The dark bronze porcini mushroom can be found in oak, beech, oak-hornbeam forests from July to October, and is common in western and southern countries Europe, often found in the United States.
- White birch mushroom (spike mushroom) (lat. Boletus betulicol a )
A special feature of the species is the very light, almost white color of the cap, which reaches 5-15 cm in diameter. Less commonly, its color has a slightly creamy or light yellow tint. The stem of the mushroom is barrel-shaped, white-brown in color, and has a white mesh in its upper part. When cut, the mushroom does not turn blue; the flesh of the mushroom is white.
It grows exclusively under birch trees and is found throughout its habitat, where there are birch forests and groves, along roads and on the edges. Fruits from June to October singly or in groups. It often grows throughout Russia, as well as in Western Europe.
- White pine mushroom (pine mushroom, boletus pine-loving) (lat. Boletus pinophilus)
A type of porcini mushroom with a large, dark-colored cap, sometimes with a purple tint. The cap has a diameter of 6-30 cm. The flesh of the mushroom under the thin skin of the cap has a brownish-red color; in the stem it is white and does not turn blue when cut. The stem of the mushroom is thick, short, white or brown in color, and has a light brown or reddish mesh.
White pine mushroom grows in pine forests on sandy soils and in the mountains, less often in spruce and deciduous forests, found everywhere: in Europe, Central America, Russia (in the northern regions of the European part, in Siberia).
- White oak mushroom (lat. Boletus edulis f. quercicola)
A mushroom with a brown cap, but not brownish, but with gray tint, sometimes there are light spots “scattered” on the cap. The pulp of this species is loose and less dense than that of other white varieties.
Oak porcini mushroom can be found in the oak forests of the Caucasus and Primorsky Krai; it is often found in central Russia and its southern territories.
- White spruce mushroom (lat. Boletus edulis f. edulis)
The most common type of porcini mushroom. The leg is elongated and has a thickening at the bottom. The mesh reaches a third or half of the leg. The hat has a brown, reddish or chestnut color.
The spruce porcini mushroom grows in fir and spruce forests in Russia and Europe, except Iceland. The white mushroom appears in June and bears fruit until autumn.
Beneficial properties of porcini mushrooms, vitamins and minerals
Due to its high mineral content, porcini mushroom is one of the most popular and healthy mushrooms. What are the benefits of porcini mushroom?
- First of all, the pulp of the porcini mushroom contains the optimal amount Selena, capable of curing cancer in the early stages.
- Ascorbic acid, which is contained in white, is necessary for the normal functioning of all organs.
- The aromatic, delicious white pulp contains calcium, vital for the human body iron, and phytohormones, allowing to reduce inflammatory processes in the body.
- Riboflavin, which is part of the porcini mushroom, helps normalize the functioning of the thyroid gland, and also improves the growth of hair and nails.
- B vitamins contained in white have a beneficial effect on nervous system, energy metabolism, memory and brain function, protect the skin and mucous membranes from infections, are responsible for sound sleep, good mood and appetite.
- Lecithin porcini mushroom is beneficial for atherosclerosis and anemia, helps cleanse blood vessels of cholesterol.
- The value of porcini mushroom also lies in the presence B-glucan, an antioxidant that protects the human immune system and fights fungi, viruses and bacteria.
- Ergothioneine as part of porcini mushroom, it stimulates the renewal of body cells, and is also beneficial for the kidneys, liver, eyes, and bone marrow.
- The porcini mushroom also perfectly stimulates the secretion of digestive juices.
Porcini mushroom is low-calorie, consists of 90% water, is perfect for drying, it is fried and stewed, and pickled for future use in the winter. The taste of the cooked pulp is unusually soft; immediately after cleaning, it emits an attractive mushroom smell, which only intensifies after heat treatment. The white mushroom has the strongest aroma after proper drying, when the pulp gradually loses moisture.
Any mushroom is quite difficult for human digestion. But it is dried porcini mushrooms that are most accessible for digestion, since in dried form, the human body absorbs up to 80% of porcini mushroom proteins. This is the form of the mushroom that nutritionists recommend.
Harm of porcini mushroom
Porcini mushroom is an edible mushroom, but it can also cause poisoning in several cases:
- Porcini mushroom contains chitin, which is difficult for children, pregnant women, and people with diseases to digest. digestive system and kidneys. Even porcini mushroom broth can lead to exacerbations.
- Porcini mushrooms, like any other mushrooms, accumulate toxic heavy metals contained in the soil. That is why you need to be careful and under no circumstances collect mushrooms growing within the city or near industrial enterprises, landfills, waste, or near highways.
- The third reason for feeling unwell when eating porcini mushrooms is the occurrence allergic reaction for fungal spores.
- And, of course, poisoning can result from the consumption of poisonous and dangerous double white mushroom, which is called gall mushroom or bitter.
The simplest advice for people who do not understand mushrooms and may confuse a porcini mushroom with a gall mushroom is not to collect mushrooms that turn blue (pink, red) when cut and have a bitter taste!
False porcini mushroom (gall mushroom). How to distinguish a white mushroom from a false one?
- Pulp
One of the main differences between porcini mushroom and false gall mushroom is the color of the cut. When cut, the flesh of the gall fungus darkens and becomes pinkish-brown. The pulp of the porcini mushroom does not change color and remains white.
- Leg
The gall mushroom has a rather bright mesh-like pattern on its stalk, which the edible porcini mushroom does not have.
- Hymenophore
The tubular layer of the false porcini mushroom is pinkish in color, while that of the true porcini mushroom is white or yellow.
Tubular layer of porcini mushroom
- Taste
The false white mushroom is bitter, unlike the edible white mushroom. Moreover, the bitter taste of the gall fungus does not change when boiling or frying, but may decrease when pickling due to the addition of vinegar.
Read about the poisonous false porcini mushroom.
False white mushroom
The porcini mushroom (boletus) belongs to the tubular mushrooms and belongs to the species Boletus edulis sensu lato of the Boletaceae family. Grows throughout the European part of Eurasia. In total, about 18 of its forms are known. In order not to make mistakes when collecting porcini mushrooms, you need to have some information about them. appearance And elementary rules mushroom grower behavior.
Kinds
Spruce porcini mushroom (Boletus edulis f. edulis Fr.) is the most common. It is characterized by an elongated leg with thickening downwards. The hat is brown with a red-chestnut tint. The surface is smooth and dry. Grows in spruce forests.
Oak porcini mushroom (Boletus edulis f. quercicola) is distinguished by a gray-brown cap, which is occasionally covered with light spots. The pulp is looser. Grows in oak groves and forests.
Birch white mushroom (Boletus betulicolus or Boletus edulis f. Betulicola) is characterized by a beige cap. Grows under birch trees.
The pine porcini mushroom (Boletus pinophilus) is characterized by a large dark cap, often of a purple hue. The color of the pulp is brown-red.
The main difference between the lemon-yellow porcini mushroom (Boletus edulis f. citrinus) is the lemon-yellow or bright yellow color of the cap. Grows in spruce-pine forests.
The smooth-stalked white mushroom (Boletus edulis f. laevipes) is distinguished by the absence of a mesh on the stalk. Grows in birch forests.
External signs
The porcini mushroom has a smooth and dry surface. The diameter of the boletus cap reaches 25 cm. When it is small, the cap is hemispherical, and after maturation it becomes cushion-shaped. The color of the cap can vary from beige to brown. The pulp is white and does not change color when cut. The length of the leg is up to 17 cm, the thickness is about 2-6 cm. The leg is oval, thickens from bottom to bottom, and is covered with a white mesh pattern on top. Whites grow unusually quickly, gaining about 4 cm in length per day.
Doubles
It is important to collect carefully, since very often baskets contain inedible white doubles, which are also called “false whites.” Therefore, you should know their features.
The gall mushroom (Tylopilus felleus) or bitterling from the genus Tylopil has an external resemblance to young oak boletus. It has the same convex cap of a brownish or brownish color. The leg is oval-shaped, thickened at the base and covered with a mesh pattern. The color of the finely porous tubular layer is not typical for boletus mushrooms; it is pink or off-white. But the main difference is the very bitter taste, which even repels insects. Therefore, the double always looks flawless.
Satanic mushroom(Boletus satanas) also represents the genus Boletus. It has a cushion-shaped cap and a barrel-shaped stem. The cap is grayish-white, olive or brownish. The tubular layer is orange or any shades of red. Characteristic signs: The mesh leg in the middle has a rich red color, and when cut within five minutes the flesh turns blue. Old individuals have the smell of rotting onions.
Collection time
When to collect boletus mushrooms? When going into the forest to pick mushrooms, it is important to know when to pick them and where. Because the optimal temperature for the growth of porcini mushrooms lasts a long time in July and August, at this time it is worth looking for them. The greater the temperature changes and humidity, the less the boletus fruiting bodies develop. The best climatic conditions short-term thunderstorms with foggy, warm nights are recognized. The collection begins before sunrise, since at this time of day they are much more visible. You need to walk slowly, carefully examining your surroundings. Boletus mushrooms grow in well-drained, moist sandy or loamy soils.
If the summer is wet, you should look for boletus away from trees on dry, well-warmed hills, clearings, and edges. And if the summer is dry, it is better to look under trees, in thick grass - where moisture is well retained. In addition, it is believed that boletus mushrooms grow more often where morels grow.
The favorite delicacy of worms is fresh porcini mushrooms. Pests are especially active in hot weather. There is such a peculiarity for white ones that grow in an open place: the root is clean, but the cap turns out to be wormy. Worms make their way into the cap from below; the worm passages and the bottom of the cap are brown. Such mushrooms need to be cut in half and cleaned of wormholes.
Mature boletus is not afraid of frost. Therefore, if the collection was carried out after severe frost, thawed whites will have their normal appearance and taste.
The most necessary things for every mushroom picker are a mushroom picker's calendar and a mushroom guide. By checking the mushroom calendar, you can easily understand which mushrooms to pick at this particular time. Despite the fact that the timing of the appearance of a particular type of mushroom is not constant and depends on weather conditions, each mushroom has its own specific dates for the beginning and end of the season. These are what the mushroom picker’s calendar for 2017 contains. If you have forgotten the main differences poisonous mushrooms from edible, be sure to refresh your memory by looking at the mushroom guide.
Mushroom picker calendar for summer
- Mushrooms in June. According to the mushroom picker’s calendar, in the first ten days of June, those who like to pick mushrooms should look for pine forest boletus, and in birch groves - boletus. In the second half of June comes mushroom season at the white loaders. Pogruzdki are fruitful mushrooms; they are collected all summer and until late autumn.
- Mushrooms in July. In early July, the season of saffron milk caps begins, and at the end of the first ten days of July, the most desirable for mushroom pickers are porcini mushrooms. At the same time, according to the calendar, the first russula appear - the most productive mushrooms. They can be found in almost any forest from July until late autumn frosts. In the second half of July, milk mushrooms and black milk mushrooms begin to be found in coniferous and mixed forests, and on the edges and forest clearings Mushroom pickers are delighted with chanterelles and pigs.
- Mushrooms in August. August is considered the most mushroom month. In fruitful years, mushroom pickers in August collect porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms, saffron milk caps, boletus mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, russula, boletus and other mushrooms in baskets. At the beginning of August, the first honey mushrooms appear, and in the middle of the month - moths and white mushrooms. Second half of August and first ten days of September - best time for collecting mushrooms.
Mushroom picker calendar for autumn
- Gibs in September. Mushroom pickers are happy in September. As the mushroom picker’s calendar says: many summer mushrooms continue to grow, while at the same time they appear in large numbers autumn mushrooms. In the second half of September, some species of mushrooms disappear, but honey mushrooms, volushkas, white mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, pigworts, and white cape mushrooms are still abundant.
- Mushrooms in October. At the end of October you can postpone until next year mushroom picker's calendar, because the mushroom season is ending. In the second ten days of October, when the average daily air temperature drops to 4-5 degrees Celsius and night frosts begin, the mushroom picking season will end. However, you can still find young honey mushrooms preserved under the foliage and grass of saffron milk caps, saffron milk caps and white mushrooms.
Mushroom picker calendar for 2017
The mushroom picker's phenological calendar will come to the aid of beginning mushroom pickers. The mushroom picker's calendar marks the most popular mushrooms and the period when to collect these mushrooms in the forest. Of course, everything depends on the region and the weather in each season, but the mushroom picker’s calendar fully provides some of the useful knowledge of when to pick mushrooms. You will also find it useful
| What mushrooms to collect |
When to pick mushrooms |
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| April | May | June | July | August | September | October | |
| Morels | + | + | + | - | - | - | - |
| Stitches | + | + | + | - | - | - | - |
| May mushroom | - | + | + | - | - | - | - |
| Oyster mushroom | - | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Meadow honey fungus | - | - | + | + | + | + | - |
| boletus | - | - | + | + | + | + | - |
| Oiler grainy | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Summer honey fungus | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
| The fox is real | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Porcini | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
| Boletus | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
| Pluteus deer | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
| Spiky raincoat | - | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Common champignon | - | - | + | + | + | + | - |
| Field champignon | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Valuy | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Funnel talker | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| White umbrella mushroom | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Variegated umbrella mushroom | - | - | - | + | + | + | + |
| Real milk mushroom | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Poddubovik | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Ivyshen | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Loader white | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Loader black | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Fat pig | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Russula yellow, food, etc. |
- | + | + | + | + | + | - |
| Green moss | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
| Yellow hedgehog | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Ringed cap | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Larch oiler | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Volnushka pink | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Black breast | - | - | - | + | + | + | + |
| Spruce green camelina | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Pine mushroom | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Gray talker | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Late oiler | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Winter mushroom | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
| Loader black and white | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
| Polish mushroom | - | - | - | - | + | - | - |
| Autumn oyster mushroom | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
| Gray row | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
| Autumn stitch | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
| Autumn honey fungus | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
| Row purple | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Greenfinch | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Hygrophor brown | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
Mushroom picker calendar 2017
for the Moscow region and central Russia
| Types of mushrooms | May | June | July | August | September | October | ||||||||||||
| Decades | ||||||||||||||||||
| I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | |
| Morel | ||||||||||||||||||
| Porcini | ||||||||||||||||||
| Boletus | ||||||||||||||||||
| boletus | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chanterelle | ||||||||||||||||||
| Oiler | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mosswort | ||||||||||||||||||
| Honey fungus | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ryzhik | ||||||||||||||||||
| Volnushka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gruzd | ||||||||||||||||||
| Valuy | ||||||||||||||||||
| Russula | ||||||||||||||||||
| Champignon | ||||||||||||||||||
| Belyanka (white volnushka) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gorkushka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Greenfinch | ||||||||||||||||||
| Serushka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Kozlyak | ||||||||||||||||||
| Raincoat | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cap | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ryadovka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Violin | ||||||||||||||||||
Mushroom picker calendar 2017
for the Leningrad region and northern places of Russia
Mushroom season in the forests Leningrad region- time from August to November. Mushroom places There are countless varieties in the Leningrad region, the main thing is to know when to pick this or that mushroom. The mushroom picker calendar for the Leningrad region will help with this. Edible mushrooms in the Leningrad region are varied: these include bright aspen mushrooms and delicious boletus mushrooms, valuable porcini and boletus mushrooms, red chanterelles, slippery boletus and moss mushrooms, as well as red mushrooms, milk mushrooms and honey mushrooms. If you check the mushroom picker’s calendar, you can pick up delicious morels, puffballs, and russula. Don’t be lazy, if the weather is right after the rain, look at the mushroom calendar and get ready for a mushroom trip. Refer to the mushroom picker calendar below for the Leningrad region.
| Mushroom picker calendar for the Leningrad region | ||
| When to pick mushrooms | What mushrooms to collect | Where to pick mushrooms |
| March | Oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms, talker | There are practically no mushrooms, but at the end of the month the first snowdrops may appear. If the winter is warm, you can find fresh oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms usually grow on trees, the cap of such a mushroom is one-sided or rounded, the plates run down to the stem, as if growing to it. Distinguish oyster mushroom from inedible mushrooms It’s not difficult - it has a cap that is completely leathery to the touch. |
| April | Oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms, govorushka, morel, stitch | Snowdrop mushrooms are quite common - morels and stitches |
| May | Morel, stitch, oil can, oyster mushroom, raincoat | Most mushrooms can be found not under trees, but in clearings, in thick grass. |
| June | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey fungus, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, puffball | In June, mushrooms of the highest (first) category begin to appear. |
| July | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, puffball, honey fungus, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, moss mushroom | There are already quite a lot of mushrooms - both in the clearings and under the trees. In addition to mushrooms, strawberries and blueberries are already found. |
| August | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey mushroom, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, moss mushroom | At this time, mushrooms can be found almost everywhere: in the grass, under trees, near stumps, in ditches and on trees, and even in city squares and on the sides of roads. In addition to mushrooms, lingonberries have already ripened, and cranberries are appearing in the swamps. |
| September | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey mushroom, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, moss mushroom, | September is the most productive month for mushrooms. But you need to be careful: autumn is coming to the forests, and in the bright foliage it is difficult to see the multi-colored mushroom caps. |
| October | Valuy, oyster mushroom, camelina, honey fungus, champignon, boletus, porcini mushroom, milk mushroom, moss mushroom, russula | The number of mushrooms in the clearings begins to decrease. In October, it is better to look for mushrooms near stumps and under trees. |
| November | Butterfly, greenfinch, oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms. | Frosts are beginning, but there is a high probability of finding frozen mushrooms. |
You will also find useful material about mushrooms with a mushroom picker’s calendar:
Mushroom key
There are no reliable methods for distinguishing edible and poisonous mushrooms by eye, so the only way out is to know each of the mushrooms. If the species identity of mushrooms is in doubt, you should under no circumstances eat them. Fortunately, among the hundreds of species found in nature, many have such clearly defined characteristics that it is difficult to confuse them with others. However, it is better to always have a mushroom identification guide on hand.
Mushroom Guide - How to distinguish edible mushrooms |
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 |
 |
| 1 - breast; 2 - saffron milk cap; 3 - cone mushroom; 4 - greenish russula; 5 - edible russula; 6 - fox. |
7 - oiler; 8 - morel; 9 - porcini mushroom; 10 - large umbrella; 11 - row; 12 - field champignon. |
Mushroom identification guide - How to distinguish poisonous mushrooms |
|
 |
 |
| 1 - paneolus; 2 - gray float; 3 - glowing talker; 4 - common veselka; 5 - death cap; 6 - white fly agaric (spring). |
7 - red fly agaric; 8 - variegated champignon; 9 - russula emetic; 10 - value; 11 - entoloma |
Taking a mushroom guide and a mushroom picker's calendar with you as you make your way through the forest in search of mushrooms, you can entertain yourself with a conversation about mushrooms. Share with friends interesting facts about mushrooms.
The most poisonous mushrooms
Undoubtedly poisonous species There are about a hundred mushrooms in Europe. Of these, only eight are deadly poisonous.
- The most poisonous mushroom is Galerina sulciceps, which grows in Java and Sri Lanka. Even one eaten fruit leads to death in half an hour or an hour.
- In Europe and in North America The most poisonous are the white (spring) fly agaric and the stinking fly agaric.
- The most poisonous and deadly to humans is the toadstool, for which no antidote has yet been found.
The largest edible mushrooms
Most big mushroom growing in the world national park Mahler in the Blue Mountains (Oregon, USA). This mushroom covers an area of 890 hectares. However, we are interested in edible mushrooms.
- Biggest edible mushroom was discovered in Canada by Jean Guy Richard. The unique raincoat (Calvatia gigantean) had a circumference of 2.64 meters and a weight of 22 kilograms.
- The largest champigno was found in Italy by Francesco Quito in the province of Bari. The mushroom weighed 14 kilograms.
- The largest truffle found weighed even less - only 7 kilograms.
The most expensive mushrooms
- Of course, the most expensive mushrooms are truffles, white and black. Incredibly expensive white truffles grow mainly in Italy, in the Piedmont region. The Perigord black truffle or Tuber melanosporum is also considered a real masterpiece of nature.
- The matsutake mushroom competes with truffles for the title of the most expensive mushroom. This mushroom is often called the king of mushrooms due to its rich mushroom aroma and excellent taste. No one has yet managed to grow matsutake artificially, which is why the price for them has increased significantly, unlike truffles, which the Chinese have learned to successfully cultivate.
Now, thanks to the mushroom picker's calendar, you know what mushrooms to pick and when to pick them in the Moscow and Leningrad regions. A short mushroom guide will help you distinguish edible and poisonous mushrooms. Happy quiet hunting.
