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River tiras now. The history of the Dniester as a waterway reaches deep antiquity

The Dniester begins on the northern slopes of the Carpathians, from Mount Rozluch, near the village. Volchiy, Lviv region. Descending from a height of about 900 m above sea level, the river in a mountain stream makes its way along the Ciscarpathian region, crosses the southwestern edge of the Podolsk Upland, flows along the border of Ukraine with Moldova, then enters its territory and flows into the Dniester estuary again in the territory of a significant navigable river. Ukraine. The length of the river is 1362 km, the basin area is 72100 sq. km.

The origin of the name "Dniester" is not completely clear. It is believed that the first part of it comes from the words "Given", "Dna", "Don", which means "river". The second part of the name is derived from words that mean "southern". Therefore, the Dniester is the "Southern River". There are other thoughts regarding the origin of its name.

The Dniester basin borders in the south and south west on the rivers that carry their waters to the Danube - Tisza and Prut, in the west and north west - on the tributaries of the Vistula San and the Western Bug, in the north - on the right tributaries of the Pripyat Stir and Gorynya and in the east - with the Southern Bug and its tributaries.

Forests in the river basin cover the slopes of the Carpathians, and their peaks, occupied by meadows, are meadows. In the mountains, coniferous trees predominate at a height, and deciduous trees predominate below. There are few forests in the flat part of the Dniester basin, deciduous species predominate: oak, ash, maple, linden, hornbeam, beech is found in the western part of Podolia. Forest cover is 13.2% of the basin area, waterlogging - 1.5%, lakes - 0.5%.

The channel of the Dniester is very twisted. The river network is unevenly developed. The highest density is observed in the upper part of the basin, especially the right bank, where the Dniester receives a large number of high-water tributaries that originate in the Carpathians. The tributaries that begin at the Roztochie or Podolsk Upland are shallow. In the middle reaches of the Dniester, it receives mainly left tributaries, and there are very few of them in the lower reaches.

In the upper part (up to the town of Sambir) the Dniester is a typical mountain river that flows in a narrow valley between rocky swift banks. Having reached the plain, the Dniester, within the limits of the Sansko-Dnistrovskaya lowland, flows in a wide swampy valley, its course becomes calmer. In the middle part, in a deep narrow valley in the Dniester bed, dense limestones and sandstones come to the surface, and below Kamenets-Podolsky - crystalline rocks (granites, gneisses, syenite), which form rapids near the village of Yampol. Below Dubosar, the Dniester has a wide backwater cut by numerous straits and lakes. The river valley here reaches 8-16 km. The lowest part of the Dniester is located within the Black Sea Lowland.

The Dniester carries a lot of water. The increased water content is explained by the fact that the upper part of its basin is located in the Carpathians. It is there that the numerous and high-water right tributaries of the Dniester begin, which flow into it in the area from the source to the town of Bystritsy Nadvirnyanskaya. They begin at an altitude of 800 to 1500 m and acquire features characteristic of mountain rivers in this section of the upper Dniester regime.

The flow of the Dniester is characterized by an almost continuous chain of floods that pass along the river, both in spring and in summer and autumn. High floods are caused by sudden melting of snow, rain, and in summer heavy downpours. Summer floods often exceed spring floods in height. The waters of the Dniester during floods carry a lot of sediment.

Below Sambir, where the Dniester enters the Sansko-Dniester lowland, during high levels, it gives part of its water to the Cherry (a tributary of the San). It was once designed to connect the Dniester by a canal with the rivers of the Vistula basin.

The Dniester ran deep into the granite base of the Podolsk Upland - in some places it seems to flow in a deep canyon. High rocky shores sometimes resemble mountain ranges. On the shores, layers of limestone, shale, and sandstone come to the surface. In places the riverbed is littered with rocks.

The Dniester receives 386 tributaries, of which the most important are: the right ones - Stry, Svecha, Limnica, Bystrica, Reut, Bull; left - Stryvogir, Rotten Linden, Golden Linden, Strypa, Seret, Zbruch, Smotrych, Ushitsa, Murafa.

The Dniester was used as a source of hydropower, for water supply, irrigation; from the mouth to the city of Galich - navigable. The main piers: Galich, Zalishchyky, Khotyn, Stara Ushitsa, Mogiliv-Podolsky, Yampol, Soroki, Rybnitsa, Dubosary, Grigoriopol, Bendery, Tiraspol.

In the upper reaches of the Dniester, on the left bank, lies the city of Sambir, Lviv region. According to ancient legends, the founders of the city were the inhabitants of Old Sambir, destroyed in 1241 by the Mongol-Tatar hordes. The settlement of Pogonich that appeared on this site in the XIV century. renamed Sambir (New).

In Sambir, the remains of ramparts of the 16th-17th centuries, architectural monuments have been preserved: the city hall (1668), the Catholic church (1503), the hunting house of King Stefan Batory (XVI century).

Opposite Sambir, on the Dniester, an island stretches for almost 3 km. Along the bank of the river, floodplains stretched in a wide strip. Here they graze cattle, hunt, prepare hay. Floodplain meadows in this area are criss-crossed by a network of dredged canals, and in the dry season they are a wonderful pasture.

Vereshchitsa - one of the left tributaries of the Dniester in the upper reaches (length 92 km). It originates in Roztochie. The Vereshchitsa River got its name from heather - a shrub with small leaves, which forms continuous thickets - heaths.

Of the right tributaries of the Dniester, we note the Bystrica. Its length is 72 km. Forests in the river basin cover 30% of the area. The very name "Bystrica" testifies to the rapid current. Not far from the confluence with the Dniester, the Bystrica receives the right tributary of the Tysmenitsa, the length of which is 49 km.

On the banks of the twisted Tysmenitsa, in the foothills of the Carpathians, there was a place Bich, significant in the old days. During the Mongol-Tatar invasion, it was destroyed. The inhabitants of the burned Beach became slaves of the Tatars. Later, the Tatar Khan allowed the Bichans to build dwellings above the salt mines. The main occupation of the population was weaving and boiling salt from salt brine, which was mined from the bowels of the earth. Thus, the Second Scourge was born. Subsequently, the city began to be called Drohobych.

In the middle of the XIX century. not far from Drohobych, the development of ozocerite began, and later - oil and combustible gases. In 1900-1910. oil refineries sprang up in the city.

8 km from Drohobych is the Carpathian urban-type settlement Stebnik. It has been known since the 14th century. Since ancient times, the local population of the Carpathians independently mined salt. In 1848, the first salt mine was built in Stebnik, where kitchen salt was mined. In 1848, the first salt mine was built in Stebnik, where kitchen salt was mined. At the end of the third quarter of the XIX century. significant reserves of potash salts were discovered in Stebnik. They form here several layers with layers of rock salt and salt-bearing rocks. Stebnitskaya potassium salt, unlike Kalushskaya (Ivano-Frankivsk region), is an almost finished product.

Herodotus studied with interest the barbarians of the northern Black Sea region, it is known that the Greeks called everyone who did not speak Greek barbarians. Studying the barbarian peoples of Scythia, Herodotus recognized that their traditions were older than the Greek ones.
Almost all the rivers mentioned Herodotus in stories about Scythia, originate from lakes. Geological data on the distribution of lacustrine sediments in the upper reaches of most steppe rivers confirm the reliability of these data.

It was these lakes that turned Scythia into a fertile and fertile land. The Polesye swamps still give off the moisture of the former glaciers, however, the rivers inevitably become scarce, the steppe dries up and the water reserves of the karst storages of the Crimean Yayla are slowly declining, the level of groundwater is decreasing, and springs are disappearing.
In the "History" of Herodotus are described "only the most famous rivers and navigable from the sea inland are Istres with five mouths, Tiras, Gipanis, Borisfen (Dnepr), Pantikap, Gipakiris, Herr and Tanais (Don)"(Book IV, 47).

Borisfen (Dnieper River) - the largest river in Scythia. Herodotus writes: Borisfen - the most profitable river: along its banks are beautiful fat pastures for cattle; it contains the best fish in large quantities; the water is pleasant to drink and clear (compared to the water of other muddy rivers of Scythia). The crops along the banks of Borysthenes are excellent, and where the land is not sown, tall grass spreads. At the mouth of Borysthenes, a myriad of salt naturally settles. In the river there are huge boneless fish called "Antakei" and there are many other curiosities ... Near the sea, Borisfen is already a powerful river. Here Hypanis joins him, flowing into the same estuary.(Book IV, 53). (“limen” is a backwater, a harbor in a flooded mouth of a river or a lake (limne). Herodotus so picturesquely described Borisfen river What do you believe - he saw it with his own eyes.

IN "Natural History" Roman historian Pliny the Elder, the author in 37 books, there is a mention of these places: "a city, a lake and a river called Borisfen".

About location the city of Borysthenes Herodotus writes: between the rivers Hypanis and Borysthenes was Cape Hippolay with a temple. Opposite the sanctuary on Gipanis live Borisfenites "(Book IV, 53).

The Temple at Cape Hippolay lay halfway to Olbia.

The proposed location is marked on our map. the city of Borisfen- he was turned not to the open sea and not to the strait, but to the mouth of the Hypanis. An offshore platform for the production of gas condensate (Shtormovoye village) has now been built at this site. After mining is completed, the platform may be used as a base for underwater archeology. The search for the flooded city of Borisfen will be simplified if the continuation of the Karadzhinskaya beam can be traced on the underwater continuation of Tarkhankut (the westernmost cape of Crimea). Human activity has led to the disappearance of the forests that existed on Tarkhankut in ancient times.

Cimmerian Bosporus (Bull crossing) - now the Kerch Strait between black and Sea of Azava (Meotida). The lower reaches of the ancient Tanais began to be called the Cimmerian Bosporus, after the Thracian Bosporus - the current Bosphorus Strait between the Marmara and Black Seas. Herodotus reports that the Cimmerian Bosporus was under the control of the Scythians, with the exception of the land of the Kerch (Rocky) Peninsula. The valleys and coast of Meotida (Sea of Azov) were covered with forests and oak forests unsuitable for nomads. Forests in the district of Panticapaeum(now Kerch) were cut down for the construction of a flotilla on the orders of Tsar Mithridates VI Eupator. At the beginning of the 1st century BC. Mithridates VI Eupator was preparing to fight against Rome. Salty winds from the Sea of Azov and the drying up of the climate did not allow the forests to recover. in the picture "Abduction of Europa» Zeus, in the guise of a white bull, kidnaps Europa and crosses the Thracian Bosporus. The territory of Europe begins from the Thracian Bosporus and runs along the Cimmerian Bosporus.

Herr River further she made her way along the Dnieper Upland. The main treasures of the Scythian kings are connected with the Herr River - royal mounds of Gerros! Herodotus writes: “The seventh river Gerr flows out of Borisfen in the place to which the current of Borisfen is known ... This river flows to the sea, forming the border between the lands of the nomadic and royal Scythians, and then flows into Hypakiris”(Book IV, 56). Let it not seem strange to you that one river “flows” from another, Herodotus did not mess up anything here - this happens with rivers (for example, the Protoka River, which branches off from the Kuban River), so we can assume that Herr is the old bed of the Borisfen (Dnieper). This valley could have formed about 500 thousand years ago during the interglacial era. Melted glacial waters flowed violently in a continuous stream along the slope from north to south. River valleys formed over ancient faults in the earth's crust: ancient Prut, Dniester, Ingulets, Herr and other rivers are parallel to each other.

Ancient Herr flowed from the slopes of the mountains of the Dnieper Upland and flowed into Black Sea, having “built” the mysterious Perekop rampart, he “dug” the Chatyrlyk gully and broke through the Crimean mountains: the Salgir basin, the Angarsk pass and poured into the Alushta valley. The waters of the karst caves of Taurida (Crimea) were filled with water at the time when the waters of ancient Gerr made their way to the Black Sea. On geomorphological maps, one can trace the ancient channels of the now waterless sections of the Herr River. In Crimea, the Gerr River is the old channel of the Salgir north of the village of Gvardeyskoye, Chatyrlyk and the Perekop group of salt lakes.
The rise of the Crimean mountains took place and is taking place during the Quaternary period under the influence of continental drift. (See Ushakov S.A., Yasamatov N.A. Continental drift and climate of the Earth. - M.: Thought, 1984, p.35, p.41).

Herr River made its way along the Dnieper Upland, intercepting part of the ancient Dnieper-Donetsk river system. This is how Borisfen (Dnepr) arose, which soon made a new channel for itself, deviating further and further to the west.

hypanis- a river in Scythia (R. Southern Bug),

hypakir or " Hypakiris originates from the lake, crosses the region of the Scythian nomads and then flows into the sea at city of Kerkenitida"(Evpatoria). Herodotus reports: “The sixth river - Hypakiris originates from the lake, crosses the region of the Scythian nomads and then flows into the sea near the city Kerkenitides, leaving on the right side the so-called Achilles field"(Book IV, 55). Based on this description, one should look for the Gipakiris River between modern Evpatoria and Tarkhankut. On the map we see here donuzlav lake, elongated shape and outlines of the banks reminiscent of a mighty river.

But where are its origins? The valley of the Gipakiris River was torn into three parts: Lake Donuzlav, Pobednaya River near Dzhankoy, whose valley continues deeply incised into the land Sivash Bay, and the river Domuzla- the old bed of the Molochnaya River in the Zaporozhye region, Donuzlav and Domuzla - this coincidence of names is hardly accidental, the names could have been preserved from Scythian times (in Vedic Sanskrit (related words in Russian: DON, Dnepr, DONets, Dnestr, the Don River was called " Quiet Don", i.e. "Tikhaya River".) Donuzlav possibly a valley Hypakyris river.

Danapr (Greek Δαναπρις) - the Dnieper River has a Scythian name - "Dana" in Scythian -river. The ancient Greeks called the Dnieper - Borisfen, and the Scythian farmers -, i.e. "Dnieper".

Danastris (Greek Δαναστρις) - the Dniester River, in Greek Tiras river. In Scythian -Dana -Δανα (river) + ιστρ ( Istres - a flowing river. (lat. Danastris)

Danovis (Greek: Δανουβιος) - Danube River, Greek for river Istres. Dana -Δανα (river) + vios - (lat. Danouvios).

Ingulets (Small Ingul- the right tributary of the Dnieper on the territory of Ukraine in the Black Sea basin) in ancient times it was called Panticap, had to punch himself way to the south through Aleshkovsky sands (Gilea) is a sand mass 15 km. in diameter, sand dunes 30 km east of the city of Kherson.) Now the Ingulets River winds lazily, but the width of the floodplain speaks of its former full flow and strength the Panticap River (). Obviously, here the Scythians caught sturgeon fish "Antakeev" going to spawn.

The secret of the city of Karkina keeps the old bed of the Dnieper, judging by many ancient sources, the Hellenic city Karkins should be looked for near Skadovsk, possibly at the bottom of the sea. The Scythians lived in these places, here we find unexplored barrows.

On the edge 4th and 3rd centuries BC tectonic changes have taken place and a new lower reaches of the Dnieper and the Dnieper-Bug estuary with extensive Aleshkovsky sands.

The Meotian lake appeared in the VIII century BC, more precisely the lakes and swamps of Meotida. At the time of the Argonauts, there was no Meotian lake; neither Homer nor the first Hellenic maps have it. The mouth of the Tanais (Don) ran along the bottom of the Kerch Strait. On modern physical maps, the ancient Tanais delta stands out as a large shallow south of the Kerch Strait.

From above, that is, from the north - the upper lake - wide river valley to the Azov shaft, now lying at the bottom of the sea between the mouth of the Salgir River and the Beisug Estuary. However, the Greeks did not dare to sail upstream the Tanais for a long time. According to Herodotus Tanais river “flows from above, originating from a large lake, and flows into an even larger lake called Meotida”(Book IV, 57).
Greek navigators reached the lakes and marshes of Meotida and soon on this hill the settlements of the Hellenes arose Kremny- one of the eastern possessions of the royal Scythians.

Lik - a river in Scythia, flows through the land of the fissagetes, flows into Meotida. (Herodotus IV 123.) Researchers believe that this is a modern Manych river. The word "face" has Slavic roots.

Naparis - river

Oaros (Greek: Οαρος)- a river flowing in Scythia. Modern Sal river. Ptolemy used this name to the Volga river.(Herodotus IV 123, 124)

Ordess - river, flowing in Scythia, a tributary of the Istra. (Herodotus IV 48.)

Panticap or Panticap (Greek Παντικαπης) is a river in Scythia.(Herodotus IV 47.) consonant with Panticapaeum, Panticap ("Fish Way" in Scythian). The Panticap River according to Herodotus It also flows from the north and from the lake. Between her and Borisfen live Scythian farmers. Panticap flows through Hylaea, and then, bypassing it, merges with Borisfen.(Book IV, 54).
An ancient escarpment stretches from Skadovsk to Novaya Kakhovka. It has long been precisely established that the Dnieper once flowed here and Karkinitsky bay "dug" precisely by the waters of the ancient Pantikap River. Now the river Ingulets.

Porata (Greek Πορατα) - a river in Scythia, a tributary of the Istra, modern river Rod.(Herodotus IV 47)

Sirgis (Girgis)- a river in Scythia, tributary of the Don - Northern Donets. (Herodotus IV 57, 123)

Tanais -Ταναις - a river in Scythia, at present - the Don River.(Herodotus IV 47.)
It is known that ancient authors believed, what exactly Don separates Europe and Asia. In its lower reaches, the Don runs from east to west and can in no way be the boundary between East and West. Herodotus tried to find an explanation for such a division of the world into parts of the world: “ … I can’t even understand why, in fact, the three parts of the world, which are one land, are named after women. It is also incomprehensible to me why the Nile and Phasis rivers (the Tanais river, which flows into the Meotian lake, and Cimmerian city of Portmei) in Colchis form the boundary between them. It is impossible to find out the names of those who demarcated them and from whom the names of these three parts of the world are taken.(Book IV, 45).

Tiarant - a river in Scythia, a tributary of the Istra, currently - river Alt. According to Herodotus, Tiarant flows through the Scythian land. (Herodotus IV 48.)

Tiras (Greek Τυρας)- a river in Scythia, currently a river Dniester.(Herodotus IV 47.)

Names of fish caught by the Scythians:

Antakei - huge boneless fish of the Beluga genus. According to Herodotus, antecays were found in Borisfen. (Herodotus VI 53.)

Bonito - fish, a genus of tuna, was found in the waters of Meotida. (Strabo. Geography, VII, 6.2).

Saperdis(Greek Σαπερδης (- the name of the fish among the Scythians. (from the work of Hesychius).

The Dniester River flows through the lands of Eastern Europe and crosses countries such as Ukraine and Moldova. The source is located in the Carpathians at an altitude of 911 meters above sea level. This is near the Ukrainian village of Volchie, 8 km from the Polish border. Rozluch ridge stretches 2 kilometers from the village. It has several peaks with a height of about 900 meters. The highest peak is Chontievka. Its height reaches 913 meters. Here, on the slope of the top, a small stream flows out of the ground. It connects with many other streams and gradually forms a stream that carries its waters to the southwest.

Then it turns to the north-west, and between Dankovets and Stary Pole makes a turn in a south-westerly direction and ends up in a narrow valley, in which the village of Volchie is located. Further, the water flow rushes to the northwest. Here such rivers as Zhukotinets, Dnestrik-Dubovy, Malinovskaya, Stryi and Kruglaya flow into it.

The stream becomes wider and deeper, but taking into account the local relief, it has the character of a mountain river. It quickly carries its waters along the foothills of the Carpathians, turns to the southeast and ends up near the Ukrainian city of Galich. Here the current slows down, and the river becomes flat.

It is steadily moving towards Moldova and absorbs such tributaries as the Smotrich, Zolotaya Lipa, Strypa and Zbruch. On the territory of Moldova, the length of the Dniester is 660 km. The coastal relief in these places is characterized by steep banks, indented by numerous ravines.

Near the village of Vykhvatintsy begins Dubossary reservoir. It was formed by a dam built in Dubossary in 1955. The length of the reservoir is 128 km. The average width is 528 meters. The maximum depth is 19 meters, the average is 7 meters. The area reaches 67.5 square meters. km. On the bank of the reservoir there is a reserve "Yagorlyk" with the most unique fauna and flora.

After Dubossary, the water stream spreads in breadth. The width of the river valley reaches 16 km. The slope of the channel is very small and is characterized by floodplains. In Moldova, the river is fed by such tributaries as the Botna, Reut and the Bull. 150 km from the mouth, in the area of the large village of Chobruchi, a branch called Turunchuk separates from the river. Its length is 60 km with a maximum depth of 9 meters and a width of 30 meters. Again, it reunites with the main water artery already on the territory of Ukraine.

This is the kingdom of many lakes, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 39.5 square meters. km. The largest of them are Lake Beloe and Kuchurgan estuary. The latter is located on the border of Moldova and the Odessa region. Its length is 17 km, and its width reaches 3 km with an average depth of 3.5 meters.

The Dniester River on the map of Eastern Europe

Having reunited with Turunchuk, a single water stream flows into the Dniester Estuary. This is a bay of the Black Sea, located in the Odessa region. Its length is 41 km, the average width is 8 km, the average depth is 2.7 meters. The estuary is separated from the sea by a narrow spit called Bugaz. In former times, the estuary was called Lake Ovid.

The Dniester River has a length of 1362 km. The pool area is 72 thousand square meters. km. The river delta is a continuous swamps and lakes. It is a favorite place for nesting a huge number of different birds. Within the Odessa region there is a reserved tract called "Dniester floodplains".

Feeding the river

The water flow is fed by rain and snow. The river is characterized by floods during the summer rains. In this case, floods are often observed. In winter, taking into account the warm winters, the channel practically does not freeze. Freezing is very rare and lasts no more than a month. The water of the Dniester is taken for their own needs by such large cities as Odessa and Chisinau. Wood is rafted along the river in its upper reaches. As for the environment, the water is heavily polluted.

Shipping

Ships go along the river from the Moldavian city of Soroca to the Dubossary dam and from the dam to the Dniester estuary. Navigation is carried out practically all year round. The water stream, which begins its journey near the Polish border, is of great economic importance for both Ukraine and Moldova. It irrigates the land, gives water to the inhabitants of numerous cities, and transports goods through it. Without this important water artery, life in the region would be simply unthinkable.

Dniester originates on the eastern slopes of the Carpathians, on Mount Rozluch, near the village. Vovche Lviv region. Descending from a height of about 900 m above sea level, the river, like a mountain stream, makes its way along the Ciscarpathian region, crosses the southwestern part of the Podolsk Upland, flows through Moldova, then enters its territory and flows into the Dniester estuary again on the territory of Ukraine as an impressive navigable river. The length of the river is 1362 km, the area of the basin is 72100 km2.

The origin of the name "Dniester" has not been finally established. It is believed that the first part of it follows from the words "dana", "bottom", "don", which means "river". The second part of the name is derived from words that mean "southern". Therefore, "Dniester" - "southern river". There are other arguments about the origin of its name.

Up to the city of Galich, the river stands out for its mountainous character. From s. Nizhneva to the river. Zbruch Dniester runs along a canyon-like valley.

A unique creation of mother nature, the depth of which reaches 200 m, width -1 - 5 km, length - 10 km. Fabulously picturesque landscapes, clear skies, fresh air, rivers, luxurious oak forests…

Dniester-Beremyansky canyon owns huge recreational reserves. There are also mountains here - among the flat valley of the Beremyansky canyon, like islands, majestically raise their domed peaks of Bolshaya and Malaya Govda, as well as Chervona, which appeared in the process of mountain building in the Carpathians.

In summer, the air here is saturated with the intoxicating aromas of pine resin, honey herbs and shrubs. It is easy to breathe: it seems that you are not inhaling air, but drinking a healing, aromatic drink. All this has a beneficial effect on the human body, invigorates, improves mood, relieves fatigue.

On Chervona Gora, spring is stormy. It has its own special microclimate. In the open areas, the sun has already called the grasses and the first flowers to life, and nearby, on the slopes with northern exposures, the remains of snow are still whitening.

IN Dniester-Beremyansky canyon much warmer than in the village nearby. This is predetermined by the high south-facing shores that keep the winds out and keep the heat out. There is less cloudiness here than, say, in Ternopil. All this has a beneficial effect on the temperature regime, the number of clear days, the intensity of sunlight.

You can spend your leisure time here extremely rich. From the mouth of the Strip it is possible to take walks along the routes, each of which opens up a new landscape, a new panorama of the landscape. On both sides of the Dniester, many man-made monuments have been erected: castles, palaces, temples ...

When you look at the huge red-colored Devonian rocks that rise above the Dniester, it seems as if you are in a mountainous country. The tops of the cliffs of the Chervona Mountain rise 150 meters above the Dniester and 360 meters above sea level. There is no better viewing platform for contemplating the panoramas of the Dniester.

A change of environment, a favorable temperature regime, increased solar activity - all these climatic factors in the bosom of picturesque nature cause the traveler to feel satisfaction and peace, contribute to a quick recovery of strength and ability to work, and charge emotionally.

There are also waterfalls here: the two largest are Rusilovsky and Sokiletsky- bright ornaments of the earth, her necklace. Falling water from a considerable height or from a small ledge, a thunderous roar or gentle murmur, the radiance of a rainbow always set a person to a special, poetic system.

Not far from the Dniester is Dzhurinsky waterfall(16 m), which is considered the largest flat waterfall in Ukraine. It is cascading, so for extreme people, jacuzzi lovers, experimenters, it provides many opportunities.

For those who are addicted fishing, Dniester- just heaven. Indeed, in its waters there are pike perch, catfish, wild carp, pike, madder, chub, podust, fish, roach, rudd, tench, perch, crucian carp, perch, bream and others.

Order rafting on the Dniester website www.tourclub.com.ua

Dniester (river)

Area: 72100 hectares
Depth: 20 m
Fish: bolts, eels, squids, brines, clams, cream, cream, asps, catfish, skewers, cattle beef, pike, cupid, karst carp, carp

When fishing itself, the Dniester is free. Go to the dam itself (do not take a lot with you, it will be difficult to climb) and throw it under the shore, either in a sand hook or in seaweed, and the hook will be in the water))).
Catch only at rest.

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Dniester river

From source to delta

The Dniester River flows through the countries of Eastern Europe and crosses these countries such as Ukraine and Moldova. The source is located in the Carpathians at an altitude of 911 meters. It is next to the Ukrainian village of Volchie, 8 km from the Polish border. Rozlukh Range extends 2 km from the village.

It has several peaks about 900 meters high. The highest peak is Chontievka. Its height reaches 913 meters. Here on the slope the top is off the ground and a small stream is flowing. It connects with many other streams and gradually forms a river that carries its waters in the southwest.

Then it turns to the northwest, between Dankovets and Stary Polyarny, it is directed to the southwest and is located in a narrow valley where the village of Volchiy is located.

It then plunges the watercourse to the northwest. Here it flows into small rivers such as Zhukotinets, Dniester-Dub, Malinovskaya, Stryi and Kruglaya.

The stream is getting wider and deeper, but given the local topography, it has the character of a mountain river. It quickly moves its waters at the foot of the Carpathians, turns to the southeast and is located near the Ukrainian city of Galich.

The last notes

Here the flow slows down, and the river takes on exactly the nature.

It constantly moves towards Moldova and absorbs such tributaries as Smotrych, Zolotaya Lime, Strypa and Zbrukh. On the territory of Moldova, the length of the Dniester is 660 km. The coastal relief in these places is characterized by steep banks intertwined with numerous ravines.

In the village of Vyhvatintsy begins Reservoir Dubossary.

It was designed with a dam built in Dubossari in 1955. The length of the tank is 128 km. The average width is 528 meters. The maximum depth is 19 meters, with an average of 7 meters.

The area reaches 67.5 square meters. km. On the bank of the reservoir there is a natural reserve "Yagorlyk" with unique fauna and flora.

According to Dubossari, the flow of water spreads across the width. The width of the river valley reaches 16 km. The slope of the river bed is very small and is characterized by floods. In Moldova, the river feeds tributaries such as the Botna, Reut and Bull. At 150 km from the mouth, in the area of the great village of Chobruchi, the river separates a branch called Turanchuk.

Its length is 60 km with a maximum depth of 9 meters and a width of 30 meters. Once again, the main waterway is once again united on the territory of Ukraine.

This is the kingdom of many lakes, an area of 39.5 square meters.

km. The largest of them are Lake Beloe and the mouth of Kuchurgan. The latter is located on the border of Moldova and the Odessa region. It is 17 km long and 3 km wide with an average depth of 3.5 m.

Dniester on the map of Eastern Europe

Reunited with Turunchuk, one stream of water flows into the mouth of the Dniester.

This is the Black Sea Bay, located in the Odessa region. Its length is 41 km, the average width is 8 km, and the average depth is 2.7 meters. The estuary is separated from the sea by the narrow lid of the Bugaz. In the past, the mouth was called Ovidi Lake.

The Dniester is 1362 km long. The area of the pool is 72 thousand square meters. km. The river delta is full of swamps and lakes. This is a favorite nesting place for a large number of different birds.

In the Odessa region there is a protected natural border named "Dniester blue",

Feeding the river

Water flows with rain and snow. The river is characterized by an overflow between summer earthworms. Floods are frequent. In winter, given the warm winters, the stream almost freezes over. Ice cover is very rare and lasts a maximum of one month. The waters of the Dniester need big cities like Odessa and Chisinau for their needs.

On the river in the upper limits the forest merges. As for the environment, the water is heavily polluted.

shipping

Ships go along the river from the Moldovan city of Soroca to Lake Dubossary and from the dam to the exit from the Dniester. Delivery is made almost every year. The flow of water, which begins near the Polish border, is of great economic importance for Ukraine and for Moldova.

It irrigates the land, gives water to the inhabitants of many cities, and carries cargo. Without this important waterway, life in this region would be unimaginable.

Maxim Shipunov

502: Bad Gateway

Rafting on the Dniester

Coordinates: 49°50′15″ s. sh. 24°01′00″ in. / 49.837396° N sh. 24.016749° E e. / 49.837396; 24.016749 (G) (O) This term has other meanings, see Dniester (meanings). ‎Dniester Hotel

"Dniester"(“Dnister”, Ukrainian Dnister) is a four-star hotel in Lvov (Ukraine). It is located near the historical part of the city, in front of the upper part of the Ivan Franko Park, at ul.

Yana Mateiko, 6. Hotel "Dnestr" is part of the Premier Hotels chain, which unites 7 hotels in Ukraine.

The hotel has 165 comfortable rooms, including 12 suites and 105 Premier rooms.

Dniester river

The rooms are equipped with Wi-Fi Internet. Dniester also has a restaurant with six halls for 230 people, a cafe-bar with 50 seats, a business center, 5 conference halls, a bank and a parking lot.

History

Hotel "Dnestr" was built in 1980-1982 by architects L. Nivina and A. Konsulov, who were the authors of another major hotel of the Soviet era - the hotel "Lviv" (1965).

The hotel project was developed in 1970.

A prismatic ten-story building with its main facade turned towards the park. On the first two floors, lobbies, a restaurant, banquet halls, auxiliary premises were designed, which are revealed on the facade in the form of continuous glazed ribbons. The technical floor was designed as a horizontal frieze anodized with aluminum.

The residential floors have the appearance of stained-glass glass, dissected by anodized aluminum cladding in golden and dark brown hues. The building ended with a covered terrace with a summer cafe for 120 seats and a view of the central part of Lviv.

In May 1999, the Dniester Hotel became a meeting place for the presidents of nine countries participating in the summit of the heads of state of Central Europe.