What happens in nature in spring. Essay on the topic Spring nature (description)

In nature, the seasons constantly change, then it's raining, until the sun “fries”, then snow, then fog. All these changes are called natural phenomena and do not depend in any way on the will of humanity. Spring is one of the most beautiful seasons of the year; in three months nature changes beyond recognition.

Spring changes in living and inanimate nature

Nature is conventionally divided into living and nonliving, as are the phenomena that occur. TO inanimate nature include stars, clouds, soil, mountains, sun, minerals. Living - bacteria, humans, animals, plants.

Spring natural phenomena

In the spring, nature practically “comes to life” in a short period of time. In 90 days, the snow completely disappears and flowers bloom, insects appear and fly migratory birds. And this is only part of what happens to nature during one of the 4 seasons of the year.

Spring natural phenomena:

And the most interesting event that characterizes such a phenomenon as spring, nature wakes up - a thunderstorm. It usually happens at the end of May, not too strong yet, but already very bright. This phenomenon is due to the fact that warm air from the lower layers of the atmosphere is displaced by colder fronts.

Nature in spring is surrounded by numerous myths and interesting facts.

If we talk about people living near North Pole, then in the spring they definitely notice the sun sliding across the horizon in the sky. This is confirmation that the six months of the polar day are coming. And at the South Pole, this phenomenon indicates that 6 months of polar night are approaching. It is at the South Pole that spring occurs from September to November.

The spring equinox, observed in our country on March 20-21, means the period when the day begins to become longer than the night.

The Egyptian Sphinx was positioned by the ancient Egyptians in such a way that it clearly indicates the sunrise on the day of the vernal equinox. And the ancient Greeks believed that the first day of spring is the day when the goddess of fertility Persephone returns after a long stay in the underworld.

In America, Groundhog Day is still celebrated to this day. Every year on February 2 in the city of Punxsutawney, a groundhog is pulled out of its hole, which by default has the name “Phil.” If he suddenly sees his shadow, it means that winter still has 6 weeks to “rule”. If the groundhog doesn’t see her, doesn’t get scared and doesn’t hide in a hole, then spring has already come.

Spring transformation in different cultures

Nature in spring is not only dramatic changes V surrounding nature, but also a great holiday for the Slavs. March 22 is listed in the folk calendar as Lark Day. It is believed that it is on this date that the first 40 birds arrive every year, bringing spring on their wings. Believers hoped that their hooting on this day would attract warmth and a rich harvest. But March 22 is only the second or subsequent date for attracting spring; they often started hooting when spring itself spoke about it, the drops began, and the snow melted profusely.

For the Japanese, the blossoming nature in spring is its awakening, as for all peoples of the world. Setsubun-sai is a Shinto holiday that marks the end of the long winter season and the beginning of the long-awaited spring.

In medieval Britain, spring was celebrated on the first Monday in May. On the day of the celebration, the girls washed themselves with dew, and the boys competed in archery. But not all Englishmen celebrate it, because it was on the day of the spring celebration that Robin Hood was arrested.

In any case, spring is a time of change, when the soul awakens, new sensations appear, and there is nothing more magnificent than the riot of colors of nature.

Fedor Mikhailov, Maxim Nikitin, Misha Konkov, Matvey Klochkov, Islom Shodiev, Danya Sergeev

Objective of the project:
What determines spring changes in nature?

Tasks:

1. find out how spring changes in living and inanimate nature are related? How are the three months of spring different?

2. find out the signs of the spring months;

3. cultivate a caring attitude towards the awakening nature

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Project goal: what determines spring changes in nature Tasks: 1. find out how spring changes in living and inanimate nature are connected? How are the three months of spring different? 2. find out the signs of the spring months; 3. cultivate a caring attitude towards the awakening nature

Questions: How many months do you know how spring is connected? When does spring begin in the Yaroslavl region? 3. How does one month differ from another?

March First spring month. People call March a drip. March is also called protalnik. In March, the first thawed patches appear.

“March is the third month of the Gregorian calendar, the first month of the ancient Roman year.” It is named after the Roman god Mars. Nature wakes up and animal world Same. March is a changeable month, sometimes it looks at summer... Bears, hedgehogs and many other different animals come out of hibernation.

The beginning of spring, the awakening of nature, the sound of drops and the melting of white snow, the rooks are the first to arrive in March

March 1 is the calendar beginning of spring. March 21 is the day of the vernal equinox, the day of the onset of astronomical spring. At the very beginning of March you can see snowdrops - small blue flowers.

Folk signs Long icicles - for a long spring. If the water does not flow in March, the grass does not grow in April. Frequent fogs in March foretell rainy summer. How in March the frost is not creaking, but not painfully burning. March with water, April with grass.

April April is the second month of spring. If the month of March is known as the “spring of light,” then April is the “spring of water,” popularly known as the “month of Aquarius.” Its Old Russian name is beautiful and sonorous - pollen; After all, this month the first greenery appears and some plants bloom. The Romans called the second month of their calendar Aprilis, from the Latin “aperire” - “to open” (in this month, as we know, the buds open). The word “April” is associated with the verb “to perish” (in April the earth perishes). This is the month of the snowman, the month of the opening of rivers and floods, bird songs, forest snowdrops.

April April is Aquarius. Sun, snow and rain mixed together. The deceiver is fickle – April: there are seven weather conditions per day. By the end of this month, the red sun drives away the last remnants of snow - that’s why April is called snowmobile. Meteorological spring occurs when the actual average daily temperature exceeds 0°C.

In April, the rivers are free of ice. Ice drift begins. Ice floes float along the river, collide and gradually melt.

In April, rivers overflow with water and overflow their banks. This phenomenon is called flood.

The starlings arrived at the end of March, took a liking to their houses and are now carefully arranging warm nests.

May The month of May is the eve of summer, the final month of spring. If the month of April is considered the “spring of water,” then May is the “spring of greenery.” This is the month of the first thunderstorms, earth renewal, green noise. May is the end of spring, the beginning of summer. Traven is the Old Russian name for the month of May; Indeed, everything around is covered with grass, flowers, trees with greenery. The Romans called the third month of the year Maius, in honor of the goddess Maia, the mother of the god of trade Mercury. People have a lot of different sayings and proverbs about the month of May. “May is cold - you won’t be hungry,” says one of them, “May will deceive, and will go into the forest,” echoes another, and the third narrates, “No matter how nice May is, it’s still cold.” The weather in the month of May is often changeable and not constant, which is why these proverbs and sayings appeared.

May March with water, April with grass, and May with flowers. Spring began seriously to take on its third task: it began to dress the forest. That's what they call May - grass - pollen.

May is the month of the first green leaves, flowering and the first thunderstorms. Everything sings, plays and dances in May.

Folk signs May has arrived - paradise under the bush. May grass feeds the hungry. Rain in May raises the grain. If it rains in May, there will be rye. May is cold - a grain-bearing year. The May frost will not squeeze out tears. When the bird cherry blossoms, there is always cold.

By folk signs: "Neither colder than March“April has never been warmer than May.” The snow is still white in the fields, and the waters are noisy in the spring... Under the bright rays of the spring sun, the snow melts and darkens, the ground is gradually freed from the snow cover, becoming saturated with moisture. Just as cold matinees do not hold back the young spring at first, it takes its toll. The April water begins its “speaking” while still under the snow. At noon, puddles of snow water spill on the streets, and bright streams ring on the slopes. The sun gets warmer and warmer day by day. The sky is turning blue. 3 04×404 A 7 49×562

People noted: “February is rich in snow, April is rich in water,” “Where there is a river in April, there is a puddle in July,” and “April streams awaken the earth.” And indeed, how much unbridled power there is in this picture! April is the spring of water. The April weather is fickle and changeable, with seven weather conditions per day. First there is sun and frost, then suddenly the northern wind “Siverko” will blow and it will snow, at night the frost will catch the puddles with transparent blue ice. And the next day it will become warmer again and it will drizzle. Return frosts in April are common. It’s not for nothing that they say: “It’s April - don’t trust anything” and “Don’t break the stove - it’s still April.”

The month of May And many feathered flocks sing in the sky - Of all months, the cheerful month of May is louder! A.K. Tolstoy The month of May is the eve of summer, the final month of spring. If the month of April is considered the “spring of water,” then May is the “spring of greenery.” This is the month of the first thunderstorms, earth renewal, green noise. May is the end of spring, the beginning of summer. Traven is the Old Russian name for the month of May; Indeed, everything around is covered with grass, flowers, trees with greenery. The Romans called the third month of the year Maius, in honor of the goddess Maia, the mother of the god of trade Mercury. People have a lot of different sayings and proverbs about the month of May. “May is cold - you won’t be hungry,” says one of them, “May will deceive, and will go into the forest,” echoes another, and the third narrates, “No matter how nice May is, it’s still cold.” The weather in the month of May is often changeable and not constant, which is why these proverbs and sayings appeared.

Chapter II. Spring phenomena in coniferous and deciduous forests

Spring changes in the forest primarily affect snow cover. This is where we should begin the story about what happens in the forest in the spring.

In the forests of the central zone of our country, the snow cover is especially deep at the end of winter. Its thickness sometimes reaches 40-50 cm and even more. Under this layer of snow, the soil usually remains unfrozen and thawed.

Even if it froze at the beginning of winter, after the first severe frosts, then in the future it still manages to thaw. Therefore, underground organs forest plants in the pre-spring time they are in fairly favorable environmental conditions - in soil whose temperature is close to zero or even slightly higher.

Loose, unfrozen forest soil absorbs moisture well. When the snow begins to melt in the forest, the melt water easily penetrates deep into the forest; it almost does not flow down the surface of the earth. Thanks to this, stocks are replenished groundwater. The slow, gradual melting of snow in the forest and the free seepage of moisture into the soil do not allow large masses of water to flow down the slopes into hollows and depressions. As a result, in wooded areas the spring rise of water in rivers is much less than in treeless areas. In other words, the forest softens the spring floods of rivers and moderates floods. But the influence of forests on river regimes is manifested not only in spring. The forest helps keep rivers full in the summer and protects them from shallowing.

In forests that vary in composition tree species, spring develops differently. Each type of forest has its own characteristics. Snow cover also varies.

In the coniferous forest, in the last weeks of winter, the snow loses its whiteness. A lot of all sorts of litter accumulates on its surface - dry spruce needles, thin dead twigs, pieces of bark, cones, scraps of lichen, etc. All this is especially noticeable when there has been no snowfall for a long time. The end of winter is marked by a massive fall of dry spruce needles. Under each spruce there is a scattering of dry needles, the snow seems dark, dirty, littered. There are an unusually large number of needles, they lie almost close to each other.

At this time, spruce seeds are also found on the surface of the snow. The seed itself is very small, like a grain of millet, black. It is equipped with a filmy, reddish, oval-shaped wing. Winged spruce seeds can often be seen in the snow at the end of winter. There are especially many of them in those years when spruce has a bountiful harvest. The seeds were eaten appearance similar to pine seeds. Their distinctive feature- the fact that the seed lies in the recess of the wing like a plum in a spoon (in a pine tree the seed seems to be covered from the sides by tweezers).

While it is cold, the snow cover in the forest is continuous, the ground is nowhere to be seen. The surface of the snow is more or less smooth and even. As spring approaches, the picture changes. The winter monotony of the snow cover disappears. First, the snow settles near the tree trunks and the overall whiteness is not disturbed. But soon it thaws to the ground, and then dark rings appear around the trees.

In a deciduous forest, ring-shaped thawed patches are unremarkable. The ground is covered with a brown layer of fallen leaves from last year; there are usually no plants. But in a coniferous forest, something completely different is observed. Here the thawed patches stand out sharply with their green color. Mosses, green overwintered leaves of lingonberries, wintergreens and other inhabitants of the coniferous forest emerge from under the snow.

As the snow begins to melt, the ground in the forest is exposed not only around tree trunks. Thaws also appear along the edge of the forest, on the forest edges - where the hot rays of the spring sun penetrate. This is where the snow melts first.

Even later, thawed patches form in the depths forest area, under a thick canopy of trees. Here, too, spots of dark earth appear, green in a coniferous forest, dirty brown in a deciduous forest. But all this happens much later, when it comes warm weather. In the depths of the forest, the snow melts not from the sun's rays, but from warm air, from the first spring rains.

Thaws in the forest have a varied and often bizarre shape. Expanding more and more, they merge with each other. In oak and birch forests, the alternation of dark thawed patches and white spots of snow creates a beautiful diversity on the ground. At this time, the forest looks very picturesque, but this period does not last long.

In warm weather, the snow melts quickly, and the ground in the forest is exposed almost everywhere. The last snowdrifts and spots remain in holes, deep depressions, under the thick canopy of young spruce trees. A little more time passes, and no traces of the snow cover remain. Now nothing in the forest reminds me of winter anymore. One of the earliest manifestations of plant life in the forest is sap flow in the trees. It begins when the snow has not yet completely melted. If you slightly wound the trunk of a birch or maple tree at this time, a clean, transparent liquid resembling water immediately begins to ooze from the wound. If the trunk is smooth, the sap slowly flows down in a weak stream, and if the bark has protrusions, it drips in separate drops. The taste of the juice different trees not the same. Birch, for example, has watery, slightly sweetish sap, while maple has much sweeter sap.

The spring awakening of trees begins precisely with the movement of sap inside the trunk. The sap rises up the tree - from the roots to thin branches. This liquid is a very weak sugar solution. Moving up the trunk, the sap carries carbohydrates to the tree buds - construction material, necessary for the formation of young shoots. It is not difficult to understand that if we wound a tree in order to extract sap, this harms the plant, weakens it, and, as it were, bleeds it. Another thing is bad: the wound on the trunk does not heal for a long time, becomes covered with mucus, and various microorganisms develop here. This wound can become a path for various infections to enter the tree trunk.

It is interesting that spring sap is not only extracted from trees by humans. Some forest birds do the same, especially large motley woodpecker. To enjoy the sweet juice, the bird drills several small holes on the trunk with its beak. These holes are located quite high on the tree. From them a dark wet stripe runs down the bark of the trunk. It can be quite long - several meters. The woodpecker is especially eager to extract maple sap. You can immediately guess that the tree was deliberately injured by a bird, and not a person: a trickle of sap flowing down the trunk begins at high altitude, much taller than human height.

Very early in the spring, ants awaken in the forest. Ant mounds, especially their southern, warm side, are cleared of snow at the end of winter. In the first days of spring, ants crawl onto the surface of their homes. There is still snow all around, but insects are already awakening to life. Having gathered in a dark dense mass on the surface of their mound, the ants slowly move without spreading to the sides. If the weather is warm, insects become more active and move faster. But even in this case they remain crowded. Their clusters somewhat resemble a lump of black caviar.

Some butterflies in the forest also awaken to life early. They begin to fly even when the snow has not completely melted. Their emergence can be observed on the very first truly warm day, when the sun shines brightly and suddenly almost summer warmth sets in. At this time, in a large forest clearing, in a wide clearing, where the sun is especially hot, you are surprised to notice the flickering of the wings of pale yellow lemongrass, brick-red urticaria, almost black mourning grass. It seemed like it was winter just recently, and suddenly butterflies were already flying. Their first flight is an unexpected and pleasant event. Butterflies are especially visible when they land on some objects. Basking in the rays of the sun, insects open their wings wide and move them slightly. At this moment, you can examine their bright, motley pattern in all details. The admiral's black, red and white outfit, large multi-colored circles on the wings of the daylight, especially attract attention. peacock eye. The mourning bird has a more strict coloring - the wings are entirely dark brown, only along the edge there is a light yellow stripe. Butterflies that start to fly in early spring in the forest, overwinter in natural conditions on the ground, under the snow. In the fall, they seem to hibernate and spend the winter this way. As soon as spring warmth arrives, they awaken and rise into the air. These butterflies are surprisingly tenacious. They can freeze to a brittle state, but nevertheless remain alive and do not die. Late autumn When frost has set in, but the snow has not yet fallen, you can meet a completely icy pale yellow lemon butterfly on the ground in the forest. It seems to you that she died from frost. But it turns out the butterfly is alive. As soon as you put it on a warm palm and wait a little, the insect detects signs of life and begins to slowly move.

How does the plant world of the forest change throughout the spring, with the transition from cold to warm? What events are happening here at this time? Let's look first at coniferous forest, for example, in a spruce forest.

When the snow melts in the spruce forest, the green moss cover is exposed. It often completely covers the ground, and the fallen needles are almost invisible. Against the background of mosses, we find various herbaceous plants that have overwintered green - some types of wintergreens, mosses, hairy moss, and palmate sedge. Shrubs are also turning green - lingonberry, wintergreen, and northern linnaea. Only blueberry bushes stand without leaves, their branches are bare, green, and angular.

Very soon the first signs of plant awakening become noticeable. The hairy sedge and palmate sedge begin to develop especially early: they begin to produce flowers. Both of these plants are among the very first to bloom in the spruce forest. However, their flowers are small, inconspicuous, and not attractive. special attention. They do not disturb the overall green background of the soil. Noble coppice blooms much more noticeably - the flowers of this plant are bluish-lilac, relatively large and beautiful. They are clearly visible on the green moss cover. But coppice is not found in all spruce forests. It is distributed mainly in the north-west of the European part of the country. It must be said that in our spruce forests there are almost no plants that would bloom very early and, moreover, beautifully.

Another phenomenon attracts attention in the spruce forest at the very beginning of spring: many shoots with two rather large oval cotyledons appear among the moss cover. This is the beginning of its development. One should not be surprised at such an early emergence of seedlings: the plant is forced to hurry in its development. In order to remain part of the vegetation cover, the herb must have time to develop sufficiently during the short northern summer, then bloom and bear fruit. If new, fresh seeds do not fall on the soil at the end of summer, the plant will not survive in the forest, it will disappear.

Over time, more and more signs of spring awakening of plants appear in the spruce forest. Blueberry buds begin to grow, giving rise to tender young leaves and buds. The sprouts of maynik, sedmichnik, and raven's eye emerge from the ground. Young, yellowish-green sorrel leaves appear. Day by day there are more and more of them. Soon the wood sorrel begins to bloom and then becomes very noticeable in the forest. Wherever you look, you can see its white flowers, barely rising above the surface of the soil.

Blueberry blossoms, which occur around the same time, on the other hand, are not very noticeable. The flowers of the plant are small, usually whitish-greenish. They stand out little among the young leaves surrounding them and usually do not attract attention. But young blueberry greens are very striking: they have a fresh, bright color. The blueberry thickets in the forest at this time seem like light green, beautiful lakes.

After the sorrel has flowered on the soil in the spruce forest, a monotonous green background is restored again. But this doesn't last long. After some time, already at the very end of spring, the sedmichnik blooms, the white flowers of which are very noticeable. They resemble a star with seven rays. Almost simultaneously, the maynik begins to bloom - a small plant with two heart-shaped leaves of a characteristic shape and a cluster of small white flowers at the end of the stem.

Lingonberries also bloom late. At the end of an overwintered shoot with dense green leaves, a small short inflorescence of white flowers appears, somewhat similar to lily of the valley flowers.

Spring changes occur, of course, in the spruce tree itself. This one has coniferous tree, like all other trees, buds bloom in the spring. Young light green shoots with soft, delicate needles appear. At first, these shoots are clearly visible against the background of the dark green crown. When spruce buds open, their protective covers - reddish conical caps - fall to the ground. If you see such caps on the ground, it means that the spruce has begun to grow young shoots. Spruce buds bloom not very early, approximately in mid-spring, after the flowering of sorrel and blueberries.

These are the main spring events in the flora of the spruce forest. Appearance spruce forest changes little during the spring. The transition from winter to summer is not very noticeable here. The trees remain green all the time. The moss cover and many grasses and shrubs do not change. On the ground, as before, green dominates, under the canopy of trees it is still dark. Some variety is introduced only by the appearance of young foliage on blueberries and white flowers on wood sorrel, rosewort and a few other plants.

The situation is completely different in a deciduous forest, for example, in an oak forest. Here the arrival of spring is very noticeable. Over the course of several spring weeks, many changes occur that immediately catch the eye. First of all, the appearance of the forest itself changes dramatically. At first it is light, “empty”, trees and bushes stand without leaves, the ground is illuminated by the sun, you can see far around. Over time, leaves appear on trees and shrubs, grass grows, completely covering the ground with its greenery. Leo covers himself with foliage and becomes dense and shady.

The sequence of spring events in the oak forest is quite clear, quite definite. Life awakens first in the lowest tiers of the forest, on the ground. The arrival of spring is first greeted by forest grasses.

As soon as the snow melts, a continuous brownish layer of fallen leaves is first visible on the ground. At first it is wet and smooth, the leaves are pressed tightly to the ground, stuck to each other. But soon the fallen leaves dry out, become loose, and rustle underfoot.

Very early, sometimes right from under the snow, sprouts of “hasty” plants - oak forest ephemeroids - begin to emerge. Some sprouts are curved like a hook, others look like a thick short awl. Several days pass and instead of sprouts we already see lilac inflorescences of corydalis, cornflower-blue graceful scilla flowers. A little later, the buttercup anemone begins to bloom. Its bright yellow flowers always attract attention. There are many flowering plants in the forest, they grow very densely.

At this early time of spring, the oak grove is especially beautiful: on the soil there is a continuous motley carpet of flowers of different colors. It is very light under the trees, there is a lot of sun, and therefore the bright colors are especially noticeable. Such variety of colors never occurs in a spruce, pine, or birch forest. The oak forest is completely unique in this regard; it differs sharply from all other types of forest.

In the spring, the lungwort is in a hurry to bloom in the oak forest. Almost immediately after the snow melts, if the weather is warm, short, strong stems of this plant appear bearing flowers of different colors - bright pink and cornflower blue. However, lungwort is not an ephemeral plant. It does not dry out with the onset of summer, like ephemeroids, but continues to develop until late autumn.

In early spring, not only flowering plants can be seen on the soil in the oak forest. At the same time, the leaves and shoots of other forest herbs come to light - honeydew, spring nomad, and Kashubian buttercup. At first, the sprouts are very small, unexpanded, and it is difficult to recognize them as any specific plant. Over time, the sprouts increase in size and the leaves become noticeable. The soil in the forest is becoming more and more covered with young greenery. Those plants that bloomed very early begin to fade. They are no longer so noticeable among the lush greenery of other, later grasses; they are lost in the thick grass cover.

The early flowers are replaced by later ones - dark crimson comletus, bright yellow Kashubian buttercup, etc. The flowering relay continues.

And under the trees in the oak grove at this time it is still light: the upper tiers of the forest do not immediately awaken in the spring. When the soil is already completely green, trees and shrubs are still without leaves, they are just beginning to bloom. As already mentioned, spring awakening occurs in the oak forest from the bottom up - from the grass to the trees.

Following the grasses, shrubs begin to grow in the spring - hazel, warty euonymus, and forest honeysuckle. They gradually also begin to turn green and become more and more covered with foliage. The forest is no longer as light as before, you can’t see so far around. The green lace becomes denser and denser, the forest is gradually filled with greenery.

Already at the very end of spring, two shrubs bloom in the oak grove - honeysuckle and euonymus. Honeysuckle flowers are white, small, oddly shaped; euonymus flowers are greenish-brownish, inconspicuous, and inconspicuous.

Trees awaken in the oak forest later than all other plants. The oak tree is especially slow: it is the last to bloom. Its crown is completely covered with foliage only at the beginning of summer. And then it becomes really dark in the forest. Dubrava is acquiring quite summer look and it remains like this until the fall.

The leafing out of plants in an oak forest, as already mentioned, occurs in the spring from the lower tiers of the forest to the upper ones. However, flowering does not follow this rule. Not only some herbs, but also individual shrubs and trees bloom very early in the oak forest. Hazel is especially noted for its early flowering. It blooms when the last patches of snow still lie in the forest, and the bush itself stands with completely bare branches. It was at this time that at the ends of some hazel buds you can notice tufts of crimson stigma tendrils. At the same time, pollen is dispersed from long yellow earrings hanging from the branches.

Two trees also bloom early - elm and elm. Loose bunches of small, inconspicuous flowers appear on their bare branches. A little later, the aspen begins to bloom: many hairy catkins hang from the leafless branches. All those plants that were just discussed bloom at a time when they still have absolutely no leaves and the leaf buds have not even begun to grow. These plants are wind pollinated, and the very early flowering (before the leaves appear) makes it easier for pollen to be transferred from one tree to another.

Maple blooms much later, and its flowering is clearly visible even from afar: dense yellowish bunches of flowers can be seen on bare branches. The leaves at this time are still very small, barely noticeable.

The oak blooms later than the maple, when it already has small yellowish-green leaves and the tree seems to be dressed in thin green lace. But the oak blossoms usually go unnoticed by anyone, since its flowers are very small and do not differ at all in color from the young leaves.

Among the spring events in the life of the oak grove, the fruiting of some plants attracts attention. In the minds of many, spring is the time of awakening of the plant world, growth and flowering, but certainly not fruiting. However, in reality this is not the case at all. Some inhabitants of oak forests develop so quickly in the spring that they manage not only to bloom, but also produce mature fruits before the onset of summer. In this respect, the oak forest is also very different from other types of forest. Plants in the spruce forest, for example, do not bear fruit so early.

Which oak forest inhabitants bear fruit first, at the very end of spring? Perhaps the earliest to bear fruit different kinds Corydalis. Blooming extremely early, immediately after the snow melts, these plants develop at a very fast pace and bear fruit within a few weeks after birth. Black shiny seeds ripen in small pod-like fruits that form in place of flowers. After the fruit flaps open, they spill out onto the ground. All this happens surprisingly early - shortly after the bird cherry blossoms.

A little later, elm and elm bear fruit. The flat, webbed fruits of these trees fall en masse to the ground. The shape of the membrane-shaped fruits is oval; in the center a small swelling is clearly visible, in which the seed is placed. Elm fruits are smaller, slightly larger than the nail of the little finger, and reddish. In elm they are twice as large and whitish.

And now let’s return again to the herbaceous plants that live in the oak forest. We talked only about those of them that are born in the spring and by autumn or even earlier completely lose their above-ground part. Plants of this type are characteristic of oak forests; they predominate in the number of species and often dominate the grass cover. But besides them, there are also those that overwinter green. Among them there are massive, dominant plants, often forming a continuous cover. These include primarily hairy sedge. The leaves of this plant remain green all winter. They are long, ribbon-like, soft, covered with many short hairs. In the spring, new, young leaves appear among the old overwintered leaves of the sedge. They stand out for their light color. Flowering soon begins. Especially noticeable are the staminate inflorescences - elongated yellow tassels sitting at the end of long stems.

Another plant of the same type is yellow green grass. Long shoots of the plant bearing leaves are spread out on the ground. Flowers develop on other shoots - relatively short ones that rise upward. With the arrival of spring, the appearance of zelenchuk almost does not change - it remains green all year round. Only at the very end of spring does flowering begin - yellow flowers of a peculiar shape bloom, somewhat reminiscent of the half-open mouth of some animal.

Another inhabitant of the oak forest, the hoofed grass, also overwinters green. Its large rounded leaves with a notch at the base are familiar to those who have been in the forest. Botanists call such leaves kidney-shaped. The leaves of the plant are quite dense, slightly shiny on top. They sit on long petioles, which in turn are attached to a stem spread on the ground. Spring changes can be noticed in the hoofed grass very early, soon after the snow melts. In the fork between two old overwintered leaves, a large bud opens, and a dark small flower protrudes from it. It has only three petals, and the color is unusual, reddish-brown. Soon after flowering, young leaves begin to grow. At first they are small and light, then gradually increase in size and darken.

The three herbs listed above probably limit the list of those oak forest plants that overwinter green. All other herbs do not retain their above-ground parts for the winter.

In that short essay Of course, not all the spring events taking place in the oak grove are told. We did not set ourselves the task of giving full spring calendar development of flora in the forest. Our goal was to draw the reader’s attention only to the most important and essential things.

Let us now look in more detail at what changes occur during spring in individual forest plants - trees, shrubs and shrubs, grasses. In other words, let’s get acquainted with how various forest inhabitants develop in spring.

As the long winter draws to a close, we begin to look forward to the arrival of spring. I really want to get rid of the heavy one as soon as possible outerwear, expose your face to the warm rays of the sun, inhale the aroma of blossoming buds! And that’s why we celebrate even the most subtle signs of spring with such joy. Every slightest change in nature resonates in the soul with joy and hope for its imminent complete victory.

The first signs of spring in inanimate nature

The most basic sign, naturally, is associated with the calendar, which cannot be deceived in any way. Even if “spring is late” and there is still deep snow in the yard, and people wear winter clothes, we still feel its approach. After all, the day is gradually increasing, and the nights are becoming shorter, and even somehow brighter.

The sun's rays are already beginning to warm the earth in a new way. And this is understandable: our planet has turned slightly towards the sun, and now its rays do not slide tangentially, but fall at an angle that increases every day. That is why the air temperature becomes higher.

The sky takes on a special deep blue color, seemingly bottomless. Although sometimes, no, no, it will be covered with heavy lead clouds, which will suddenly sprinkle snow mixed with rain on the ground.

Spring will come - the snow will melt!

The heat causes thawed patches to appear on the snow cover, and icicles melt. “Winter is crying,” the old people say. “He doesn’t want to leave us!” And the ringing drops notify us of the arrival of spring first. These are undoubtedly the first visible signs of spring.

The snow in those places that are not covered loosens, becomes spongy, and darkens. If you look closely, you can see steam rising from the surface of the already exposed earth. And now the streams, babbling merrily, run across the earth. This sound cannot be compared or confused with anything, it is like the magical music of a new life!

And what can compare with the special smell of the spring wind, when it blows towards you, so fresh and gentle? And all because it is filled with the smells of damp earth, melted snow, blossoming buds, and young grass.

The arrival of spring in the plant world

Young grass beginning to emerge into the light and buds swollen on trees and bushes welcome the new spring season.

Outside the city, near any body of water, an alder tree grows, which with its sprouting cones will show that spring has come. This definition is suitable for those in which the cones are supported by stalks.

Visually, this can be determined as follows: if the alder crown has acquired a light red color, then this is evidence of the onset of spring, since in winter the crown is transparent.

Gradually, the buds turn into red earrings - they come out and absorb the power of the spring sun. Their growth is very noticeable. When the earrings reach full growth, scales with pollen form on them, which flies away from a gust of wind, forming a cloud of golden dust!

The signs of spring are also indicated by the pollen of gray alder, which, waiting for a favorable moment, begins to fly in the air under the influence of the spring sun.

Following the alder, the hazel begins to bloom, and then the aspen and willow. The trees seem to be holding competitions to see who will release their leaves first towards a new life.

And almost everyone admired the willow’s fluffy “seals” - the holiday “Palm Sunday” was even dedicated to them.

The coltsfoot flower proves that signs of spring in nature are manifested not only in the flowering of trees. This plant can be found on soils near rivers or reservoirs, as well as in ravines. The moisture-loving coltsfoot has the peculiarity of producing flowers first, and only then leaves. Seeing the cheerful little yellow ones medicinal plant, we can say with confidence that spring has come into its own!

Modest mimosas are the first to remind people of spring. It is not for nothing that they are the symbol of the women's holiday on March 8th.

And how can we not remember the snowdrops, whose fluffy and tender sprouts make their way to the air through the melted snow? The very combination of flowers and snow gives the arrival of spring a fabulous touch, as an anticipation of something new and joyful.

And along with snowdrops, forest violets, scillas, wild carnations and many other flowers appear in meadows and forests. Unfortunately, people do not take care of them and mercilessly destroy them for the sake of a few days of enjoying their aroma and beauty.

Birds in spring

What else speaks of the arrival of the most wonderful time of the year? What signs of spring are known?

Following her, you can hear the singing of starlings. The arrival of birds from warm regions marks the beginning of a new period of the year, and these are eternal signs of spring.

Now the rooks are walking importantly through the thawed patches, looking for larvae and insects crawling out of the ground towards the warmth.

Swifts and swallows flashed in the air - they also have a serious task. After all, they need to have time to build nests, lay eggs and start breeding.

Insects in spring

After the snow melts, the earth begins to warm up, and the insects hibernating under it also awaken. Ants and bugs crawl out, flies wake up. And now the first moths and butterflies are increasingly beginning to catch our eye.

Animals welcome spring

But the signs of spring are not only physical manifestations, but also a general, special uplift. This can be seen even in animals (how can one not remember the funny pranks of cats?). As they say: “Cats are screaming - March has come.”

Almost all animals shed in the spring, changing their lush winter attire to a lighter one - spring. Forest dwellers also manage to change the color of their fur coats: squirrels turn from gray-blue to bright red, hares turn from white to gray. The color of the skin also changes in mice, otters, gophers, marmots, jerboas, wolves, and foxes.

Even domestic animals shed, however, their color in most cases remains the same, because they do not need to hide to save their lives.

People's occupations

And a person’s life changes dramatically with the onset of spring. This is especially noticeable in rural areas. After all, we need to start preparing for planting. That's why people clear areas. And where the soil has already dried up, they dig it up.

After the cold weather, you can already remove the insulation from the windows, and at the same time you can wash the glass. And warm blankets, along with fur coats and hats, felt boots and boots, “move” into the mezzanine and storage rooms. And from there they take out demi-season clothes, light blankets, shake them out of dust, and dry them in the sun. And even though there are now many technical improvements that allow you to do all this at home, without taking your clothes and bedding outside, some still put them out in the old fashioned way. Sun rays pillows and mattresses, hanging blankets and coats on ropes.

And somehow it turns out naturally that this activity turns into “ general cleaning dwellings." That’s why an unspoken rule has been established since the distant past: to clean the premises in the spring. Well, and at the same time clean the area, otherwise a lot of dirt and debris crawled out from under the melted snow. And the soul so asks for purity and joy, light and goodness!

It’s not for nothing that spring is called the period of awakening, because this period marks only love and warmth!