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Hygienic requirements for the daily routine of schoolchildren. Hygienic requirements for the daily routine, week, study load

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Introduction

The correct daily routine allows you to correctly distribute temporary resources for rest, work, nutrition, self-development, and self-care.

Why is it important to teach your child a proper daily routine? Children easily get used to a new daily routine due to the fact that a clear dynamic stereotype has not yet been developed in their minds - a form of human brain activity, the manifestation of which is a fixed order of actions performed. Violation of dynamic stereotypes leads to tension in the nervous elements of the cerebral cortex, going beyond the limits of their functional capabilities, resulting in a violation of higher nervous activity and the development of neurotic conditions.

The daily routine of a child is somewhat different from the daily routine of an adult. The daily routine for children is the basis of education, teaching the child to use time resources responsibly, self-discipline, developing character and willpower. The daily routine for a child is especially important

If the daily routine is not followed, the following consequences may occur for the child:

Tearfulness, irritability of the child;

Psycho instability emotional state;

Developmental disorders;

Difficulty getting your child used to routines kindergarten, schools.

Each period in a child’s life must be properly organized in terms of alternating activity and rest. Prolonged wakefulness and reduced sleep duration can negatively affect the activity of the child’s nervous system, resulting in disturbances in his behavior. There is no single correct daily routine that would suit every child. However, there are a number of rules by adhering to which parents will be able to properly organize a child’s daily routine that will contribute to his full physical and mental development.

1. The concept of dirthe name of the day and the reasons for its change

The daily routine is the organization and expedient distribution of a person’s time resources, a kind of life schedule. The daily routine should correspond to the age characteristics of children and contribute to their harmonious development.

The basis for the normal development and proper upbringing of a small child is routine.

Compliance with the regime ensures the physiologically necessary duration of sleep and wakefulness, a certain alternation of all hygienic processes and feeding, timeliness of classes and independent games, walks, and hardening procedures. The regimen promotes the normal functioning of the body and is the main condition for the timely and correct physical and neuropsychic development, cheerful mood, and calm behavior of the baby.

As a result of precise adherence to the hours of sleep, wakefulness, feeding, and their certain sequence, the child develops a dynamic stereotype of behavior. Thanks to this, the need for food and sleep arises in set time, and the adult’s offer to go to sleep, eat, or go for a walk does not cause objections from the child. The correct rhythm protects the nervous system from overwork and has a beneficial effect on the quality of sleep, the nature and duration of wakefulness. But the formation of a rhythmic alternation of sleep and wakefulness in children largely depends on the conditions of their upbringing.

The duration of the period of wakefulness is determined by the limit of the nervous system's performance. The most significant role in maintaining active wakefulness is played by visual impressions obtained from observations of the surrounding world. After this, rest and sleep are necessary. How younger child, the shorter the periods of his wakefulness and the more often he sleeps.

With age, not only the duration of a child’s wakefulness changes significantly, but also his character, his activities become more varied. This helps keep you active for longer and longer periods of time. However, the endurance of the nervous system still remains relatively low. Therefore, long monotonous activities, the same body position lead to rapid decline activity during wakefulness and the appearance of fatigue. The younger the children, the more they need frequent changes of activities and changes in the nature of activity. This determines the duration of classes in a child care facility.

Determined that best time for classes - the first half of wakefulness, when the child’s nervous system is in a state of optimal excitability (but not immediately after eating, but 30 minutes later). You should not conduct classes immediately after sleep, when the child is still somewhat lethargic, or after a walk, when he is tired, immediately before meals and before bed, especially at night (the baby gets overexcited and does not fall asleep for a long time).

With changes in the duration of wakefulness, sleep and breaks between feedings during the first three years of life, the regime changes several times. Each child should live according to the regime of his age. But the duration of wakefulness and the need for sleep in children of the same age may vary depending on their individual characteristics. Children after illness, during the recovery period, and physically weakened require close attention. Due to less endurance and efficiency of the nervous system, weakened by the disease, they need more frequent rest and longer sleep.

It is necessary to transfer children to the next age regimen taking into account not one, but several indicators indicating that the child is physiologically prepared for this. The following must be taken into account: the age of the child; nature (systematic very slow) falling asleep or refusal of daytime sleep; early awakening after a nap; maintaining activity until the end of wakefulness; anxiety after feeding and signs of hunger agitation that occur long before feeding (in the first year of life).

It is especially difficult for children to switch to a regimen with two naps a day and then one nap during the day, since this changes not only the rhythm, but also the sequence of all routine processes. Therefore, the transition to the new regime must be gradual. First, reduce the duration of each daytime nap and increase wakefulness, then reduce the total amount of daytime sleep by increasing the duration of each period of wakefulness. Before the child completely gets used to the new rhythm, it is necessary to reduce the duration of his wakefulness as much as possible, feed him earlier, put him to bed immediately, etc. The teacher carefully monitors the children's behavior and promptly signals the senior teacher and doctor about the need to transfer a particular child to a new age regime in accordance with the changes that have occurred in his behavior.

If in the same group there are children of different ages who need different sleep and wakefulness modes, it is necessary to establish 2 or 3 different modes, clearly dividing the children into age subgroups. In different modes, some are awake while others are asleep. This allows for better care for children. Thanks to fewer children being awake at the same time, the teacher can give each of them maximum attention, and they are also less tired.

The children's regimen is determined for the day, i.e. during their stay in a child care facility and at home. Knowing well the working and living conditions of the family, it is necessary to advise parents what regime is best to set for the baby at home in the evening and on weekends, emphasizing the usefulness of taking short walks with children in the evening before bed. At the same time, excitability is relieved and the child sleeps soundly.

IN summer period(compared to winter) the time children spend outdoors increases. Taking this into account, when drawing up regimes, some outdoor activities with children should be included (gymnastics, outdoor games, games with water, sand, etc.). Hardening procedures should be carried out after walks, before lunch.

Strict adherence to the regime is of great importance, but deviations are also possible. For example, if it is noticeable that the child is tired, he should be put to bed earlier than the set time; in cases when the baby sleeps soundly during the day, he should not be woken up for some time, although according to the schedule it is time for him to get up. In the morning, during the child's reception, the teacher finds out how the baby slept at home. Having established that his sleep was not sound enough, he makes sure that he sleeps longer that day, puts him to bed first and, if possible, gets up last. In groups, even with the same age composition, children sometimes need to be divided into 2 subgroups with different regimes.

An indicator of the correctness of the regime is the baby’s behavior: he is calm and active, does not cry, is not excited, does not refuse food, falls asleep quickly, sleeps soundly and wakes up cheerful.

While awake, all health activities (hardening with air, water, massage, gymnastics, etc.) and hygiene procedures (toilet, bathing, hand washing) must be carried out in a timely manner and in a certain sequence. The daily routine also indicates the time of reception and departure of children home.

In order for the regime to be strictly followed in a children's institution, it is necessary to distribute the duties of the staff so that the children in the group are never left alone. The distribution of responsibilities is drawn up taking into account the existing real daily routines of the group and the work schedule of the staff. The change of teachers takes place during children's sleeping hours, and not during feeding or putting them to bed.

Thus, when drawing up and assigning daily routines for children early age The following must be taken into account:

1. The possible duration of wakefulness of each child is determined by the operating capacity of his nervous system.

2. The number of hours of sleep per day, the duration of each daytime sleep period ensure timely and complete restoration of expended energy, the correct rhythm of work and rest of the nervous system.

3. The rhythm of feeding should be consistent with the rhythm of wakefulness and sleep.

But it is not enough just to establish the correct regime; it is very important to methodically correctly carry out all regime processes. The physical development of the child largely depends on how feeding and bedtime are organized, and what techniques adults use.

It is important to remember that when carrying out routine processes, due attention should be paid to individual work with kids. Conduct individual sessions It is necessary during all periods of wakefulness, during free time from feeding and hygiene procedures.

Thus, the educational influences of adults in regime processes are aimed at maintaining a positive emotional state of children, creating a mindset for the upcoming action, attracting attention to it, assisting the child in carrying out assignments, and mastering the necessary skills.

2. Modern SANPiN with requirements for the daily routine in preschooleducational institutions

preschool educational standard hygienic

The maximum duration of continuous wakefulness for children 3 - 7 years old is 5.5 - 6 hours, up to 3 years - in accordance with medical recommendations. The recommended duration of daily walks is 3 - 4 hours. The duration of the walk is determined by the preschool educational organization depending on climatic conditions. When the air temperature is below minus 15°C and the wind speed is more than 7 m/s, it is recommended to reduce the duration of the walk.

When organizing the stay of children in preschool educational organizations (groups) for more than 5 hours, meals are organized at intervals of 3 - 4 hours and naps during the day; When organizing a stay for children up to 5 hours, a single meal is organized.

The total duration of daily sleep for children up to school age 12 - 12.5 hours, of which 2 - 2.5 hours are allocated for daytime sleep. For children from 1 year to 1.5 years, daytime sleep is organized twice in the first and second half of the day for a total duration of up to 3.5 hours. It is optimal to organize daytime sleep outdoors (veranda). For children from 1.5 to 3 years old, daytime sleep is organized once for at least 3 hours. Before going to bed, it is not recommended to conduct active emotional games or hardening procedures. When children sleep, the presence of a teacher (or his assistant) in the bedroom is mandatory.

On independent activity Children 3 - 7 years old (games, preparation for educational activities, personal hygiene) should be allocated at least 3 - 4 hours in the daily routine.

For young children from 1.5 to 3 years old, the duration of continuous direct educational activity should not exceed 10 minutes. It is allowed to carry out educational activities in the first and second half of the day (8-10 minutes each). It is allowed to carry out educational activities on the playground during a walk.

The duration of continuous direct educational activity for children from 3 to 4 years old is no more than 15 minutes, for children from 4 to 5 years old - no more than 20 minutes, for children from 5 to 6 years old - no more than 25 minutes minutes, and for children from 6 to 7 years old - no more than 30 minutes.

The maximum permissible amount of educational load in the first half of the day in junior and senior middle groups does not exceed 30 and 40 minutes, respectively, and in senior and preparatory classes - 45 minutes and 1.5 hours, respectively. In the middle of the time allotted for continuous educational activities, physical education minutes are spent. Breaks between periods of continuous educational activity are at least 10 minutes.

Educational activities with older children preschool age can be done in the afternoon after a nap. Its duration should be no more than 25 - 30 minutes a day. In the middle of direct educational activities of a static nature, physical education minutes are held.

Educational activities that require increased cognitive activity and mental stress of children should be organized in the first half of the day. To prevent children from becoming tired, it is recommended to conduct physical education, music, rhythm classes, etc.

3. Hygienic conditions for creating a safe environment for children in preschools

The walls of the premises must be smooth, allowing for wet cleaning and disinfection. Ceilings in rooms with high humidity air (catering department production shops, showers, laundry rooms, washrooms, toilets and others) are painted with moisture-resistant materials.

For the floor, materials are used that can be processed wet, using washing and disinfecting solutions.

The equipment of the main premises must correspond to the height and age of children. The functional dimensions of purchased and used children's furniture for sitting and tables must comply with the mandatory requirements established technical regulations and/or national standards.

Wardrobes for clothes and shoes are equipped with individual compartments-shelves for hats and hooks for outerwear. Each individual cell is labeled. In changing rooms (or in separate rooms) conditions must be provided for drying children's outerwear and shoes.

In group groups for children 1.5 years and older, tables and chairs are installed according to the number of children in the groups. For children in the senior and preparatory groups, it is recommended to use tables with a variable tilt of the lid up to 30 degrees. Chairs and tables must be from the same furniture group and labeled. The selection of furniture for children is carried out taking into account the growth of children according to Table 1.

Working surfaces of tables should have a light-colored matte finish. Materials used for lining tables and chairs must have low thermal conductivity and be resistant to moisture, detergents and disinfectants. All fixed equipment must be securely fastened.

Preschool educational organizations use toys that are harmless to the health of children, meet sanitary and epidemiological requirements and have documents confirming safety, which can be subjected to wet processing (washing) and disinfection. Soft-fill and foam latex brushed toys for preschool children should be used only as teaching aids.

Placing aquariums, animals, and birds in group rooms is not permitted.

Beds must be appropriate for the height of children. Children are provided with individual bedding, towels, and personal hygiene items. Bed linen is marked individually for each child.

Toilets are equipped with child seats or hygienic pads made from materials that are harmless to the health of children and can be treated with detergents and disinfectants. In the toilet rooms (next to the washbasins or opposite them) there are hangers for children's towels (separately for hands and feet) according to the children's list, a utility closet and a closet for cleaning equipment. Disposable hand towels are permitted in children's restrooms.

All rooms are cleaned using a wet method using detergents at least 2 times a day with open transoms or windows, with mandatory cleaning of places where dust accumulates (floors near baseboards and under furniture, window sills, radiators, etc.) and frequently dirty surfaces (door handles) , cabinets, switches, hard furniture, etc.). Wet cleaning in bedrooms is carried out after night and daytime sleep, in group rooms - after each meal.

Toys are washed in specially designated, marked containers.

Carpets are vacuumed daily and cleaned with a damp brush or beaten in specially designated areas economic zone, then clean with a damp brush. It is recommended to dry clean carpets once a year.

General cleaning of all premises and equipment is carried out once a month using detergents and disinfectants. Windows outside and inside are washed as they become dirty, but at least 2 times a year (spring and autumn).

The louvers of exhaust ventilation systems must be open; They should be covered only when there is a sharp difference in indoor and outdoor air temperatures. As they become dirty, they are cleaned of dust.

All types of repair work are not allowed to be carried out during the operation of preschool educational organizations in the presence of children.

Before entering the group toys, purchased toys (with the exception of soft stuffed ones) are washed with running water (temperature 37°C) with soap or other detergent that is harmless to the health of children, and then dried in air. Foam latex tufted toys and soft stuffed toys are processed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Toys are washed daily at the end of the day, and in groups for infants and young children - 2 times a day. Doll clothes are washed when dirty using baby soap and ironed.

Bed linen and towels are changed when soiled, but at least once a week. After use, the laundry is put into a special bag made of double fabric. Dirty laundry is delivered to the laundry room (or special room).

Bedding: mattresses, pillows, sleeping bags are ventilated directly in the bedrooms with the windows open during each general cleaning and periodically in specially designated areas of the utility area. It is recommended that bedding be dry cleaned or treated in a disinfection chamber once a year.

Preschool educational organizations must take measures to prevent the entry of insects and rodents. If they are detected, disinsection and deratization measures must be organized and carried out within 24 hours in accordance with the requirements for disinfection and deratization measures.

4. Hygienic requirements for organizing the educational process in preschoolsnational educational institution

When organizing a child’s educational activities, it is necessary to strictly observe hygienic requirements. Any activity is accompanied by the formation of a working dominant, which ensures best conditions for the functioning of all organs and systems and increases productivity. Against this background, the phenomenon of workability arises, then optimal performance, which remains at a certain level, and then the level of performance gradually decreases, as the processes of fatigue begin. When organizing a child’s activities, it is necessary to take into account the age and state of health, individual characteristics, life experience. Children of the first and second year of life can joyfully and actively remain awake only when all their physiological needs are satisfied. At the first signs of deterioration in the mood of a child of this age: lethargy, drowsiness or overexcitation, games and activities should be stopped.

For children from one and a half to 3 years old, it is recommended to conduct 10 lessons per week, two lessons per day (in the morning), lasting 8 - 10 minutes, for children 4 years old - 11 lessons of 15 minutes each, for 5 years - 12 lessons. 20 min., 6 years - 15 lessons of 25 min., in the preparatory group - 17 lessons of 30 min. For children over 5 years old, one lesson is allowed after a nap, but no more than 3 times a week. Breaks between classes should be at least 10 minutes.

Increasing the mental and physical stress of children is a negative, unlawful practice that causes overwork and neuroticism in children, which negatively affects their health. In the middle of classes, physical education should be held.

It is recommended to conduct classes of a static nature on days with the highest performance of children (Tuesday, Wednesday). Additional education classes (studios, clubs, sections) cannot be conducted at the expense of the time allotted for walking and napping; their number per week should not exceed two. The duration of these classes should not exceed 20-25 minutes; the child’s participation in more than two additional classes is inappropriate.

When organizing the stay of children in a preschool educational institution during the day, it is necessary to provide for a balanced alternation of specially organized classes, unregulated activities, free time and rest for children, to avoid tension, “hurrying” children during meals, waking up, and performing any tasks.

Ensure balance throughout the day different types children's activity - mental, physical, as well as various types of children's activities, among which play is predominant. At the same time, among the total class time, 50% should be allocated to activities that require mental stress from children, the remaining 50% should be aesthetic, physical education and health classes. It is advisable to conduct classes in the most difficult subjects that require increased cognitive activity and mental stress (mathematics, speech development, foreign language, etc.) only in the first half of the day; to prevent children from getting tired, these classes must be combined with physical education, music classes, rhythm and etc.

When creating a class schedule, it is recommended to plan an even distribution of the academic load throughout the day, week, and year. At the beginning and end of the school week, preference is given to classes that are lighter in content and complexity of the program material.

There are no homework assignments for preschool students.

At the beginning of the year, in the preparatory group, I determine the readiness of children for school.

The conditions in which they study affect the well-being of children. Insufficient lighting, stuffiness, and incorrectly selected furniture can cause a child not only early fatigue, but also impaired vision (myopia), posture, and anemia. Preschool children get tired much faster than adults in a stuffy, poorly ventilated room, because... Due to the increased growth and development of the body, their need for oxygen is much higher, and their resistance to adverse environmental influences is lower than that of adults.

Conclusion

Compliance with the daily routine leads to a normal mental and emotional state of the body of any person or child. If you do not follow a daily routine, this leads to serious mental and emotional disorders and stress.

Literature

1. Golubev V.V. Fundamentals of pediatrics and hygiene of preschool children: Textbook. aid for students doshk. higher faculties ped. textbook establishments. - M.: Publishing center "Academy", 2011.

2. SANPiN 2.4.1.3049-13

3. http://coollib.net/b/184805/read

4. http://www.neboleem.net/stati-o-zdorove/5362-pravilnyj-rezhim-dnja.php

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1.8. Each employee must have a personal medical book of the established form, in which the results of medical examinations and laboratory research, information about past infectious diseases, preventive vaccinations, marks on completion of professional hygienic training and certification.

1.9. In all cases of group infectious diseases, emergency situations in the operation of water supply, sewerage, technological and refrigeration equipment, as well as other identified violations sanitary rules, which create a threat of the emergence and spread of infectious diseases and mass poisonings, the head of the health institution is obliged to immediately (within 1 hour) inform the body authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, for adoption in accordance with the legislation Russian Federation measures

II. Hygienic requirements for daily routine

2.1. Organization of work of health institutions with day stay carried out in the modes of stay for children:

From 8.30 to 14.30, with 2 meals a day (breakfast and lunch);

From 8.30 to 18.00, with mandatory organization of daytime sleep for children under 10 years of age and 3 meals a day (breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack). It is recommended to organize daytime sleep for other age groups of children and adolescents.

2.2. The daily routine provides for the maximum stay of children on fresh air, holding recreational, sports, cultural events, organizing excursions, hikes, games; regular 2 or 3 meals a day and naps during the day for children.

Elements of the daily routine	Children's stay
Elements of the daily routine	from 8.30 to 14.30 hours	from 8.30 to 18 hours
Gathering children, exercises
Morning lineup

Work according to the plan of detachments, socially useful work, work of circles and sections
Wellness treatments

Free time
Going home
Daytime nap

Work according to the plan of detachments, work of circles and sections
Going home

2.3. Club activities with limited physical activity (art activities, modeling, chess, handicrafts and other similar activities) should alternate with active recreation and sports events.

2.4. The organization and mode of classes using computer technology is carried out in rooms equipped in accordance with sanitary rules that impose hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and the organization of work.

2.5. The duration of classes and sports sections is allowed no more than 35 minutes for children 7 years old and no more than 45 minutes for children over 7 years old.

For certain types of clubs (tourism, young naturalists, local history, etc.) the duration of classes is allowed up to 1.5 hours.

2.6. The optimal group size when organizing classes in circles, sections and clubs is no more than 15 people, acceptable - 20 people (with the exception of choral, dance, orchestral and other classes).

III. Hygienic requirements for the organization of physical education of children and recreational activities

3.1. Physical education activities are organized in accordance with the age of children, their state of health, level of physical development and physical fitness.

3.2. Physical education and health work includes the following activities:

Morning exercises;

Physical education classes in clubs, sections, swimming lessons;

Walks, excursions and hikes with local games;

Sports competitions and holidays;

Exercise classes.

3.3. Sports and recreational activities can be held on the basis of a stadium and sports hall of a school or boarding school, sports facilities of district, local or city significance, sports schools and other facilities allocated for a recreational institution.

3.4. The distribution of children and adolescents into basic, preparatory and special groups for participation in physical education, recreation and sports events is carried out by a doctor, taking into account their state of health (or based on certificates of their health). Basic for children physical education group Participation in all physical education and recreational activities is permitted in accordance with their age. With children of preparatory and special groups, physical education and health-improving work should be carried out taking into account the doctor’s opinion. If possible, physical therapy classes are organized.

3.5. Hardening procedures (water, air and sun baths) must be supervised by medical personnel. Hardening begins after children have adapted to a health care facility and is carried out systematically, gradually increasing the strength of the hardening factor.

3.6. Water procedures after morning exercises (rubbing, dousing) are carried out under the supervision of a doctor.

Bathing is carried out daily in the first half of the day until 11-12 o'clock; on hot days, repeated swimming is allowed in the afternoon, after 16:00. It is recommended to start swimming on sunny and windless days at an air temperature of at least 23°C and a water temperature of at least 20°C for children of the main and preparatory groups, for children of a special group - with the permission of a doctor, the water and air temperature should be 2° higher . After a week of regular swimming, it is allowed to reduce the water temperature to 18°C for the main and preparatory groups. Duration of bathing in the first days of the start swimming season- 2-5 minutes, with a gradual increase to 10-15 minutes.

Swimming immediately after eating or strenuous exercise is not allowed.

3.7. Using open water body for bathing children is allowed only if there is a document confirming its compliance with sanitary rules that impose hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters and (or) requirements for the protection of coastal sea waters from pollution in places of water use by the population, issued by the body authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.

When using swimming pools for children, sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, operation and water quality of swimming pools must be observed.

3.8. Air baths begin from the first days of stay in the institution for children of the main group at an air temperature of not lower than 18°C, for children of a special group - not lower than 22°C. The duration of the first procedures is 15-20 minutes.

3.9. Sunbathing is carried out in the morning or evening on the beach, special areas (solariums), protected from the wind, an hour and a half after eating, at an air temperature of 18-25°C. In climatic regions II and III, sunbathing is carried out in the afternoon. For children of the main and preparatory groups, sunbathing should begin with 2-3 minutes for younger ones and 5 minutes for older ones, gradually increasing the procedure to 30-50 minutes. Sunbathing is carried out at an air temperature of 19-25°C.

Children of a special group take sunbathing on the recommendation of a doctor.

3.10. Outdoor games should occupy the daily routine of children of the main and preparatory groups: 40-60 minutes for younger children (6-11 years old) and 1.5 hours for older children (from 12 years old).

3.11. Children who have suffered acute illnesses during vacation or shortly before arrival may be exempted by the doctor from physical education and sports.

IV. Requirements for the territory of a health facility

4.1. There are at least 3 zones on the territory of the health-improving institution: recreation area, physical education and sports area and economic area.

4.2. The equipment of the physical culture and sports area must provide conditions for the implementation of the physical education program, as well as for conducting sectional sports classes and recreational activities. Sports and playgrounds must have a hard surface, and a football field must have grass. Synthetic and polymer coatings for outdoor sports fields must be safe, waterproof, frost-resistant and equipped with drains. Classes are not held on damp areas with uneven surfaces and potholes.

4.3. If there is no recreation area and (or) physical culture and sports area on the territory of a health-improving institution, it is recommended to use recreational parks, green areas, sports facilities, including swimming pools, located near the health-improving institution for the implementation of health-improving programs in physical education.

4.4. The utility area should be located on the side of the entrance to the production premises of the canteen and have its own entrance from the street.

4.5. For the collection of garbage and food waste on the territory of the economic zone, at a distance of at least 25 m from the building, there must be an area with a waterproof hard surface, the dimensions of which exceed the base area of the containers by 1 m along the perimeter in all directions. The site is equipped on three sides with a windproof fence with a height exceeding the height of the waste collection containers.

V. Requirements for the building, premises and equipment

It is not permitted to place premises of a health care facility in the basement or ground floors of a building.

5.2. The set of premises of a health-improving institution should include: game rooms, rooms for study groups, sleeping rooms, rooms for medical purposes, a gym, a dining room, a room for drying clothes and shoes, a locker room for outerwear, a storage room for sports equipment, games and club equipment, toilets, a room for storage, processing of cleaning equipment and preparation of disinfection solutions.

To carry out water hardening procedures and washing feet before going to bed, it is recommended to provide conditions for their organization, including using existing showers or specially adapted premises (areas).

5.3. Sleeping rooms are equipped with a minimum area of 3 square meters. m for 1 person, but no more than 15 people in 1 room.

The sleeping quarters for boys and girls are arranged separately, regardless of the age of the children.

Bedrooms are equipped with fixed beds (folding beds) and bedside chairs (according to the number of beds). Stationary 2 and 3 bunk beds are not used.

Each bed is provided with a set of bedding (mattress with mattress pad, pillow, blanket) and at least 1 set of bed linen (pillowcase, sheet, duvet cover, 2 towels). Bed linen is changed when soiled, but at least once every 7 days; Parents are allowed to wash bed linen individually for each child.

5.4. Premises for circle classes and their equipment must comply with the sanitary rules applicable to institutions additional education. Wardrobes are equipped with hangers or cabinets for children's outerwear.

5.5. To watch television, it is possible to install a TV with rows of chairs in the game room. The distance from the TV screen to the first rows of chairs must be at least 2 meters.

5.6. The organization of meals for children in day-time health institutions is provided on the basis of various public catering establishments, in accordance with the organization of meals for students in general education institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, and these sanitary rules.

5.7. To organize medical services in a health care facility, there must be a medical center or a medical office, an isolation ward for patients, equipped with sinks for washing hands, with cold and hot water with a mixer, necessary tools and equipment.

The medical office is equipped with a desk, chairs, a screen, a couch, stationery and pharmacy cabinets, a medical table, a refrigerator, a bucket with a pedal lid, and also necessary for the implementation of medical activities instruments and devices.

The isolation ward is equipped with beds (folding beds) - at least 2, a table and chairs. For the temporary isolation of sick children, the use of a medical and (or) treatment room is allowed.

It is not allowed to use upholstered furniture (sofas, armchairs, upholstered chairs) as chairs and couches.

In the absence of a medical office, it is allowed to organize medical care in clinics, outpatient clinics and first aid stations serving the children's population.

5.8. Toilets for boys and girls should be separate and equipped with stalls with non-locking doors. The number of sanitary fixtures is determined at the rate of 1 toilet per 20 girls, 1 washbasin per 30 girls, 1 toilet, 1 urinal and 1 washbasin per 30 boys. There is a separate toilet for staff.

Toilets are equipped with pedal buckets, toilet paper holders, soap, electric or paper towels. Soap, toilet paper and towels must be available at all times. Sanitary equipment must be in good working order without chips, cracks or other defects. Toilets are provided with seats that allow for daily wet cleaning using detergents and disinfectants (according to epidemiological indicators).

5.9. To ensure that children, teenagers and staff comply with the rules of personal hygiene, washbasins are equipped in front of the dining room at the rate of 1 washbasin per 20 seats. Each sink is provided with soap, electric towels or paper rolls, or individual towels.

5.10. For storage and processing of cleaning equipment, preparation of disinfection solutions, a separate room is provided, equipped with a tray and a supply of cold and hot water to it with a mixer.

5.11. During the period of operation of the health-improving institution, it is not allowed to carry out all types of repair work in the base institution.

5.12. Equivalent noise levels in the premises of a health care facility should not exceed 40 dBA.

VI. Requirements for air-thermal conditions

6.1. The air temperature in the premises of the health facility should not be lower than 18°C, the relative humidity should be within 40-60%.

6.2. In game rooms, clubs, and bedrooms, ventilation should be maintained. For these purposes, at least 50% of the windows must open and (or) have vents (transoms) equipped with transom devices. On opening windows, transoms, and vents in the summer, it is necessary to provide a net to prevent the entry of blood-sucking insects.

Ventilation of premises is carried out in the absence of children.

6.3. To limit the excessive thermal effects of insolation in the premises of a health facility during the hot season, windows with southern, southwestern and western orientations should be provided with sun protection devices or curtains.

Measures to limit the excessive thermal effects of insolation should not lead to a violation of the norms for natural lighting of premises.

6.4. Concentrations of harmful substances in the air of all premises of health-improving institutions should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations and estimated safe exposure levels (MAC and SEL) for the atmospheric air of populated areas.

VII. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting

7.1. All main rooms of the health facility must have natural light.

7.2. The windows of playrooms and study rooms should be oriented to the southern, southeastern and eastern sides of the horizon.

7.3. In all premises of the health facility, standardized levels of illumination are provided in accordance with sanitary rules, which impose requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.

VIII. Requirements for water supply, sewerage and drinking regime

8.1. Buildings of health care institutions must be equipped with drinking water supply systems, sewerage and drains in accordance with the requirements for public buildings and structures related to domestic and drinking water supply and sanitation; provided with centralized water supply and sewerage.

8.2. In the absence of locality centralized water supply, the health care facility should be provided with an uninterrupted supply of water to the catering facilities and sanitary facilities.

8.3. In non-sewered areas, health institutions are equipped with internal sewerage, subject to the installation of local treatment facilities. It is allowed to equip institutions with flush closets (with the organization of waste removal) and out-door toilets.

8.5. The drinking regime in a health facility can be organized in the following forms: stationary drinking fountains; bottled drinking water, packaged in containers.

Children and adolescents must be provided with free access to drinking water throughout their stay in a health care facility.

8.6. Design solutions for stationary drinking fountains must include a restrictive ring around a vertical water jet, the height of which must be at least 10 cm.

8.7. When organizing a drinking regimen using bottled drinking water the health facility must be provided with a sufficient number of clean dishes(glass, earthenware - in the dining room; disposable cups - in play, study and sleeping areas), as well as separate marked trays for clean and used glass or earthenware; containers - for collecting used disposable tableware.

8.8. When using installations with dosed bottling of drinking water packaged in containers, it is necessary to replace the container as needed, but at least once a week.

8.9. Bottled water supplied to health institutions must have documents confirming its origin, quality and safety.

IX. Requirements for the organization of healthy nutrition and the formation sample menu

9.1. To provide children and adolescents with healthy nutrition, components which are the optimal quantitative and qualitative nutritional structure, guaranteed safety, physiological technological and cooking products and dishes, a physiologically based diet, a diet should be developed (an approximate 7-day menu for spring, autumn, winter holidays and a 10- or 14 (18)-day menu for summer holidays).

9.2. The diet provides for the formation of a set of products intended for feeding children during the day, based on the physiological needs for nutrients (Table 1 of Appendix 3) and the recommended set of products, depending on the age of the children (Table 2 of Appendix 3) of these sanitary rules.

9.3. Based on the formed diet, a menu is developed, including the distribution of a list of dishes, culinary, flour, confectionery and bakery products for individual meals (breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack).

9.5. A sample menu is being developed legal entity, providing food in the health institution and is agreed upon by the head of the health institution.

9.6. The sample menu must comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules regarding the weight of servings of dishes (Appendix 5 of these sanitary rules), their nutritional and energy value, daily requirement in vitamins (Appendix 3 and these sanitary rules).

9.7. A sample menu should contain information about the quantitative composition of dishes, energy and nutritional value each dish. Links to the recipes of the dishes and culinary products used in accordance with the collections of recipes must be provided. The names of dishes and culinary products indicated in the sample menu must correspond to their names indicated in the collections of recipes used.

9.8. Production ready meals carried out in accordance with technological maps, which must reflect the recipe and technology of prepared dishes and culinary products.

9.9. When developing a menu, preference should be given to freshly prepared dishes that are not subject to repeated heat treatment, including reheating frozen dishes.

9.10. In the sample menu, repetition of the same dishes or culinary products on the same day or the next 2-3 days is not allowed.

9.11. The sample menu should take into account the rational distribution of energy value among individual meals. The distribution of caloric content among meals as a percentage of the daily diet should be: breakfast - 25%, lunch - 35%, afternoon snack -15%.

During the day, deviations from caloric content standards for individual meals are allowed within +/-5%, provided that the average percentage of nutritional value for a health shift meets the above requirements for each meal.

9.12. In the daily diet, the optimal ratio of nutrients: proteins, fats and carbohydrates should be 1:1:4.

9.13. The nutrition of children and adolescents must comply with the principles of gentle nutrition, which involves the use of certain methods of preparing dishes, such as boiling, steaming, stewing, baking, and excluding foods with irritating properties.

9.14. Breakfast should consist of a snack, a hot dish and a hot drink. It is recommended to include vegetables and fruits.

9.15. Lunch should include an appetizer, first, second and sweet course. As a snack, you should use a salad of cucumbers, tomatoes, fresh or sauerkraut, carrots, beets, etc. with the addition of fresh herbs; It is allowed to use portioned vegetables. The second hot dish should be meat, fish or poultry with a side dish.

9.17. The actual diet must correspond to the approved sample menu. In exceptional cases, in the absence of necessary food products, it is allowed to replace them with other products of equal value. chemical composition(nutritional value) in accordance with the food replacement table (Appendix 7 of these sanitary rules), which must be confirmed by the necessary calculations.

9.18. Every day a menu is posted in the dining room, which contains information about the volume of dishes and the names of culinary products.

9.19. To prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious and widespread non-infectious diseases (poisonings) and in accordance with the principles of gentle nutrition, it is not allowed to use food products and prepare dishes specified in Appendix 8 of these sanitary rules.

9.20. Acceptance of food products and food raw materials in catering organizations serving health-improving institutions must be carried out in the presence of documents guaranteeing the quality and safety of food products. Documentation certifying the quality and safety of products must be retained until the end of use of the product.

9.21. In the nutrition of students, it is allowed to use food raw materials of plant origin grown in agricultural organizations, in educational and experimental and garden plots, in greenhouses of educational institutions, if there are results of laboratory and instrumental studies of these products confirming their quality and safety.

9.22. Vegetables from last year's harvest (cabbage, carrots) after March 1 can only be used after heat treatment.

9.23. Delivery of food products is carried out by specialized transport, which has a sanitary passport issued in accordance with the established procedure.

9.24. In order to production control for the good quality and safety of prepared food, for compliance with storage conditions and expiration dates of food products, for assessing the quality of prepared dishes in the catering department of a health care institution, logs must be filled out daily in accordance with the recommended forms (Appendix 9 of these sanitary rules), and daily samples must be taken from each batch of prepared dishes.

Daily samples are taken by a medical worker or, under his supervision, a cook in accordance with the recommendations of Appendix 10 of these sanitary rules.

In the event of cases of food poisoning or infectious diseases, daily samples of prepared meals, as well as samples of other suspected food products, are provided at the request of the authorities authorized to carry out sanitary and epidemiological surveillance (control) for laboratory research.

X. Requirements for the conditions for the production of culinary products, fortification of ready-made dishes

10.1. The processing of food raw materials and the implementation of all production processes for the preparation of culinary products, which includes a set of dishes, culinary products and culinary semi-finished products, must be carried out in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of meals for students in general educational institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education.

10.2. When drawing up an approximate menu, it is necessary to ensure that the diet contains vitamins and mineral salts in quantities regulated by these sanitary rules.

10.3. To ensure the physiological need for vitamins, C-vitaminization of the third courses of the lunch ration is mandatory. Fortification is carried out in accordance with the instructions (Appendix 6). The use of premixes is allowed; Instant vitamin drinks are prepared according to the accompanying instructions immediately before distribution.

10.4. Fortification of dishes is carried out under control medical worker(in his absence by another responsible person).

10.5. Replacing the fortification of dishes with the issuance of multivitamin preparations in the form of dragees, tablets, lozenges and other forms is not allowed.

10.6. To further enrich the diet with micronutrients, specialized food products enriched with micronutrients can be used in the menu.

10.7. The administration of the educational institution must inform the parents of children and adolescents about the measures taken in the institution to prevent vitamin and microelement deficiency.

XI. Requirements for sanitary maintenance of the territory, premises and washing of dishes

11.1. The territory of the health facility must be kept clean. The area is cleaned daily before children enter the area. In summer, in dry weather, it is recommended to water the court surfaces and grass 20 minutes before the start of sports activities. In winter, clear areas and walkways from snow and ice.

Garbage is collected in garbage containers, which must have tight-fitting lids, and when 2/3 of their volume is full, they are taken to solid waste landfills. household waste in accordance with the contract for the removal of household waste. After emptying, containers (garbage containers) must be cleaned and treated with products permitted in the prescribed manner, in accordance with the instructions for controlling flies. It is not allowed to burn waste on the territory of the institution, including in garbage bins.

11.2. All premises of the health facility are subject to daily wet cleaning using detergents. Cleaning of premises is carried out with open windows and transoms in the summer and open windows and transoms in other seasons.

11.3. Cleaning of sleeping areas should be carried out after naps, the dining room - after each meal, the gym - after each lesson, and other rooms - at the end of the day.

11.4. In health institutions, for cleaning and disinfection of premises and equipment, detergents, cleaners and disinfectants are used that are approved for use in the prescribed manner. When using detergents and disinfectants, follow the instructions for their use.

11.5. All types of disinfection work are carried out in the absence of children. Disinfectants and detergents are stored in accordance with the instructions in places inaccessible to children.

11.6. If there is a threat of the emergence and spread of infectious diseases and mass non-infectious diseases (poisonings), the institution carries out additional anti-epidemic measures as prescribed by officials exercising state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.

11.7. Cleaning of premises is carried out by technical staff (without the involvement of children).

11.8. Common areas (toilets, cafeteria, dining room and medical office) are cleaned daily using detergents and disinfectants and kept clean.

11.9. Sanitary equipment must be disinfected daily: hand-washing sinks and toilets are cleaned with brushes or brushes using cleaning agents and disinfectants. Handles of cisterns and door handles are washed warm water with soap.

11.10. Cleaning equipment for cleaning sanitary facilities (buckets, basins, mops, rags) must have signal markings (red), be used for their intended purpose and stored separately from other cleaning equipment.

11.11. Dining areas must be cleaned after each meal. Dining tables are washed hot water with the addition of detergents, using specially designated rags and marked containers for clean and used rags.

At the end of work, the rags are soaked in water at a temperature not lower than 45°C, with the addition of detergents, disinfected or boiled, rinsed, dried and stored in a container for clean rags.

11.12. Equipment, inventory, utensils, containers must be made of materials approved for contact with food products in the prescribed manner, and comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of meals for students in general education institutions, primary and secondary vocational education institutions.

Washing kitchen and tableware, cutting utensils, technological equipment, kitchen tables, cabinets and containers must be carried out in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of meals for students in general education institutions, primary and secondary vocational education institutions.

11.13. Food waste stored in containers with lids in a specially designated place. Containers are emptied when no more than 2/3 of their volume is filled and washed with a detergent solution.

11.14. Storing cleaning equipment in production premises dining is not allowed.

11.15. At the end of cleaning, all cleaning equipment must be washed using detergents and disinfectants, dried and stored clean.

11.16. When medical waste is generated, which, according to the degree of its epidemiological danger, is classified as potentially hazardous (risky) waste, it is neutralized and disposed of in accordance with established sanitary rules and requirements for the collection, storage, processing, neutralization and disposal of all types of waste from medical institutions.

11.17. If there is a swimming pool, the operating mode and quality of the pool water, as well as cleaning and disinfection of premises and equipment, are carried out in accordance with the established sanitary and epidemiological requirements for swimming pools.

11.18. Sports equipment must be cleaned with detergents daily.

11.19. Carpets are cleaned with a vacuum cleaner daily, and after each shift they are dried and beaten outside.

11.20. To prevent the entry of insects, window and door openings in the dining room should be covered.

11.21. Carrying out measures to combat insects and rodents should be carried out by specialized organizations in accordance with the hygienic requirements for deratization and disinfestation work.

In order to prevent tick-borne encephalitis in epidemiologically disadvantaged areas for this disease, it is necessary to organize anti-tick treatment in places where children are planned to stay (parks, forested areas and other green areas).

11.22. Before the start of the health season and at the end of the health shift, general cleaning all premises of the health care facility, equipment and inventory, followed by their disinfection.

XII. Personal hygiene requirements

12.1. In order to prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases among children and adolescents in health institutions, the following measures must be taken:

a) in the canteen conditions must be created for staff to observe personal hygiene rules;

b) for hand washing, washbasins with hot and cold water supply and mixers, equipped with a device for placing soap and individual or disposable towels, must be installed in all production workshops. Washing hands in industrial baths is not permitted.

c) personnel must be provided with special sanitary clothing (a robe or jacket, trousers, a headdress in the form of a headscarf or cap) in the amount of at least three sets per employee, for the purpose of regular replacement, light non-slip work shoes;

d) in basic catering establishments it is necessary to organize centralized washing of special sanitary clothing for staff.

12.2. Canteen workers are required to: i) not eat or smoke in the workplace.

12.3. In dressing rooms, personal belongings and footwear of staff should be stored separately from sanitary clothing (in different cabinets).

12.4. After processing the eggs, before breaking them, workers who carried out the processing should put on clean sanitary clothing, wash their hands with soap and disinfect them with a solution of an approved disinfectant.

12.5. When signs appear colds or gastrointestinal disorder, as well as suppuration, cuts, burns, the employee is obliged to inform the administration about this and apply for medical care, as well as about all cases of intestinal infections in your family.

Persons with intestinal infections, pustular skin diseases, inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, burns or cuts are temporarily suspended from work. They can be allowed to work only after recovery, medical examination and a doctor’s report.

XIII. Requirements for compliance with sanitary rules

13.1. The head of a recreational institution and legal entities, regardless of organizational legal forms, and individual entrepreneurs whose activities are related to the organization of summer recreation, are responsible for the organization and complete implementation of these sanitary rules, including ensuring:

a) the presence in the institution of these sanitary rules and sanitary rules that impose requirements for the organization of meals for students in general education institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, and communicating their content to the employees of the institution;

b) compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules by all employees of the institution;

13.3. To determine the nutritional value of food products (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, calorie content, minerals and vitamins), and to confirm the safety of prepared dishes, their compliance with the hygienic requirements for food products, as well as to confirm the safety of items in the production environment that come into contact with food, laboratory and instrumental studies must be carried out.

The procedure and scope of laboratory and instrumental research carried out is established by a legal entity or individual entrepreneur providing and (or) organizing food, regardless of the form of ownership, production profile in accordance with the recommended nomenclature, volume and frequency of laboratory and instrumental studies (Appendix 11 of these sanitary rules).

13.4. Medical personnel carry out daily monitoring of compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules, organize preventive work with children and staff to prevent infectious and non-infectious diseases, conduct daily examinations of children upon admission to a health care facility (including examination for lice), keep records of morbidity and evaluate morbidity rates and effectiveness health improvement for children and adolescents.

13.5. Employees of the health facility must ensure compliance with these sanitary rules.

13.6. For violation of sanitary legislation, the manager and responsible persons, in accordance with job descriptions (regulations), bear responsibility in the manner established by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Appendix 9. Documentation of the catering department Appendix 10. Recommendations for taking a daily sample Appendix 11. Recommended nomenclature, volume and frequency of laboratory and instrumental studies as part of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance

Introduction

The correct daily routine allows you to correctly distribute temporary resources for rest, work, nutrition, self-development, and self-care.

Why is it important to teach your child a proper daily routine? Children easily get used to a new daily routine due to the fact that a clear dynamic stereotype has not yet been developed in their minds - a form of human brain activity, the manifestation of which is a fixed order of actions performed. Violation of dynamic stereotypes leads to tension in the nervous elements of the cerebral cortex, beyond the limits of their functionality, resulting in a violation of higher nervous activity and the development of neurotic conditions.

If the daily routine is not followed, the following consequences may occur for the child:

Tearfulness, irritability of the child;

Instability of psycho-emotional state;

Developmental disorders;

Difficulties in accustoming the child to the routine of kindergarten or school.

1. The concept of daily routine and the reasons for its change

The basis for the normal development and proper upbringing of a small child is routine.

As a result of precise adherence to the hours of sleep, wakefulness, feeding, and their certain sequence, the child develops a dynamic stereotype of behavior. Thanks to this, the need for food and sleep arises at a set time, and the adult’s offer to go to sleep, eat, or go for a walk does not cause objections from the baby. The correct rhythm protects the nervous system from overwork and has a beneficial effect on the quality of sleep, the nature and duration of wakefulness. But the formation of a rhythmic alternation of sleep and wakefulness in children largely depends on the conditions of their upbringing.

The duration of the period of wakefulness is determined by the limit of the nervous system's performance. The most significant role in maintaining active wakefulness is played by visual impressions obtained from observations of the surrounding world. After this, rest and sleep are necessary. The younger the child, the shorter his periods of wakefulness and the more often he sleeps.

With age, not only the duration of a child’s wakefulness changes significantly, but also his character, his activities become more varied. This helps keep you active for longer and longer periods of time. However, the endurance of the nervous system still remains relatively low. Therefore, long-term monotonous activities and the same body position lead to a rapid decrease in activity during wakefulness and the appearance of fatigue. The younger the children, the more they need frequent changes of activities and changes in the nature of activity. This determines the duration of classes in a child care facility.

It has been established that the best time for classes is the first half of wakefulness, when the child’s nervous system is in a state of optimal excitability (but not immediately after eating, but 30 minutes later). You should not conduct classes immediately after sleep, when the child is still somewhat lethargic, or after a walk, when he is tired, immediately before meals and before bed, especially at night (the baby gets overexcited and does not fall asleep for a long time).

In summer (compared to winter), the time children spend outdoors increases. Taking this into account, when drawing up regimes, some outdoor activities with children should be included (gymnastics, outdoor games, games with water, sand, etc.). Hardening procedures should be carried out after walks, before lunch.

Thus, when drawing up and assigning daily routines for young children, the following must be taken into account:

The possible duration of wakefulness of each child is determined by the operating capacity of his nervous system.

The number of hours of sleep per day and the duration of each daytime sleep period ensure timely and complete restoration of expended energy, the correct rhythm of work and rest of the nervous system.

The feeding rhythm should be consistent with the rhythm of wakefulness and sleep.

It is important to remember that when implementing regime processes, due attention should be paid to individual work with children. Individual classes should be conducted during all periods of wakefulness, during free time from feeding and hygiene procedures.

2. Modern SANPiN with requirements for the daily routine in preschool educational institutions

preschool educational standard hygienic

The total duration of daily sleep for preschool children is 12 - 12.5 hours, of which 2 - 2.5 hours are allocated for daytime sleep. For children from 1 year to 1.5 years, daytime sleep is organized twice in the first and second half of the day for a total duration of up to 3.5 hours. It is optimal to organize daytime sleep outdoors (veranda). For children from 1.5 to 3 years old, daytime sleep is organized once for at least 3 hours. Before going to bed, it is not recommended to conduct active emotional games or hardening procedures. When children sleep, the presence of a teacher (or his assistant) in the bedroom is mandatory.

The maximum permissible amount of educational load in the first half of the day in the junior and middle groups does not exceed 30 and 40 minutes, respectively, and in the senior and preparatory groups - 45 minutes and 1.5 hours, respectively. In the middle of the time allotted for continuous educational activities, physical education minutes are spent. Breaks between periods of continuous educational activity are at least 10 minutes.

Educational activities with children of senior preschool age can be carried out in the afternoon after a nap. Its duration should be no more than 25 - 30 minutes a day. In the middle of direct educational activities of a static nature, physical education minutes are held.

3. Hygienic conditions for creating a safe environment for children to stay in a preschool educational institution

The walls of the premises must be smooth, allowing for wet cleaning and disinfection. Ceilings in rooms with high air humidity (food production workshops, showers, laundry rooms, washrooms, toilets and others) are painted with moisture-resistant materials.

For the floor, materials are used that can be processed wet, using washing and disinfecting solutions.

Wardrobes for clothes and shoes are equipped with individual shelves for hats and hooks for outerwear. Each individual cell is labeled. In changing rooms (or in separate rooms) conditions must be provided for drying children's outerwear and shoes.

8.1. The children's daily regimen includes therapeutic and recreational activities, maximum exposure to fresh air, educational activities, regular meals, sufficient daily and night sleep. The daily routine should take into account the age of the children, the form of the disease, and the season of the year.

For children 15-18 years old, taking into account their health status, it may be possible to replace daytime sleep with quiet rest (reading books, board games).

8.2. During the walk, it is necessary to carry out outdoor games and physical exercises, taking into account the health status of the children. Outdoor games are carried out at the end of the walk before the children return to the premises of the children's sanatorium.

8.3. Educational classes for school-age children are recommended to be held in the first half of the day, classes begin no earlier than 9 o’clock. When organizing training in the afternoon, classes must end no later than 18:00.

8.4. The implementation of educational activities for preschool children must comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of the operating mode of preschool organizations.

8.5. The maximum permissible daily load for students of the first stage of education should not exceed 4 lessons lasting no more than 35 minutes. each, II-III levels - no more than 5 lessons lasting no more than 40 minutes. every.

Class hours intended for physical education lessons can be used for physical therapy classes. Sports activities in physical education lessons must correspond to the age, physical fitness and health status of students (taking into account the doctor’s opinion).

8.6. Organization of training sessions in a children's sanatorium in terms of drawing up lesson schedules, carrying out activities to prevent visual and general fatigue, tests must comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions. The recommended class size is no more than 16 people.

Classes for students in grades 1-4 are held only for a 5-day school week.

The mode of training and leisure activities using computer technology must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and the organization of work on them.

8.7. Students in grades 1-4 are not given homework. Preparing homework (in all subjects) for students in grades 5-11 should not exceed 1 hour.

The duration of viewing television programs by preschool children should be no more than 30 minutes. per day, school age - no more than 1.5 hours.

IX. Requirements for catering and catering

9.1. Design, maintenance and organization of work of the catering unit of a children's sanatorium in terms of space-planning and design solutions, sanitary and technical support, requirements for equipment, inventory, dishes and containers, sanitary condition and maintenance of premises, washing dishes, the formation of an approximate menu, conditions and manufacturing technology dishes, compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and medical examinations by catering department staff, storage and transportation of food products, daily maintenance of the necessary documentation of the catering department (breeding logs, health log and others) must comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of meals for students in educational institutions.

The windows of the industrial premises of the catering department should not be located under the windows of bedrooms (wards), playrooms, educational premises, or medical premises.

9.2. The nutrition of children in a children's sanatorium must meet the physiological needs of the body for nutrients and energy.

When compiling a diet for children undergoing treatment in a children's sanatorium, one should be guided by the Instructions for organizing therapeutic nutrition in medical institutions 1, including the average daily food sets for children undergoing treatment in sanatorium institutions of various profiles.

9.3. To further enrich the diet with micronutrients, at the discretion of the attending physician, specialized food products enriched with micronutrients can be used, as well as industrially produced instant fortified drinks and fortification of dishes with special vitamin and mineral premixes.

In regions where there is an endemic deficiency of certain microelements, fortified food products and industrial food raw materials can be used in the diet.

9.4. To deliver ready-made food from the catering department to the pantry, thermal containers are used that are approved for use in contact with food products. Ready-made first and second courses can be kept in isothermal containers (thermoses) for a period of time that ensures that the temperature is not lower than the serving temperature. The delivery time of ready-made meals in thermal containers from the moment of their preparation to sale should not exceed 2 hours. Before distribution, prepared food is not transferred from thermal containers to kitchen utensils. After use, thermal containers are processed in the washing department of the catering department.

9.5. The diet and frequency of meals should correspond to the age of the children and in accordance with the prescription of the attending physician, depending on the underlying disease. The intervals between meals should be no more than 4 hours. The distribution of food by calorie content throughout the day should be uniform, with a slight predominance of calorie intake at lunch:

1st and 2nd breakfasts (total) - 20-35 %

lunch - 35-40%

afternoon snack - 10-15%

1st and 2nd dinners (total) -20-30% of daily requirements.

The approximate volume of ready-made meals depending on the age of the children is presented in Appendix 2 of these sanitary rules.

9.6. After cooking, a daily sample of the finished product is taken from each batch of prepared dishes.

The sample is taken from the distribution line (from the container in which the prepared food was transported) with sterile (or boiled) spoons into labeled sterile (or boiled) glass containers with tightly closing glass or metal lids. Portioned dishes are selected in full; salads, first and third courses, side dishes - at least 100 g.

The selected samples are stored for at least 48 hours (not counting weekends and holidays) in a special refrigerator or in a specially designated place in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2 - +6°C.

9.7. Children should be provided with a 24-hour drinking regime. Water must meet safety requirements for drinking water.

The drinking regime in a children's sanatorium can be organized in the following forms: stationary drinking fountains; water packaged in containers (still); boiled water (boiling for at least 5 minutes from the moment of boiling).

Water packaged in containers (bottled water) must have documents confirming its origin, quality and safety.

Boiled water is changed every 3 hours. Before changing the water, the container is completely emptied of residual water and rinsed thoroughly.

When using installations with dosed bottling of drinking water packaged in containers, the container is replaced as necessary, but no less often than the shelf life of the opened container established by the manufacturer.

In summer, the water temperature for drinking purposes should not be lower than 14°C.

9.8. When organizing the drinking regime, a sufficient number of clean utensils approved for contact with food must be provided, as well as separate marked trays for clean and used utensils; containers - for collecting used disposable tableware.

9.9. Washing tableware and kitchen utensils, cutting utensils, cleaning dining tables, processing washcloths, brushes for washing dishes, processing rags for washing tables, their storage is carried out in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of meals for students in educational institutions.

9.10. If cases of infectious diseases occur, measures are taken to process the dishes in accordance with the instructions issued by the body exercising control and supervision functions in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. To disinfect dishes in the catering department and pantry, you should have marked containers with lids for soaking dishes in a disinfectant solution. The use of a dry-heat oven is allowed.

9.11. The list of products allowed for transfer by parents is approved by the head of the children's sanatorium, depending on the profile of the children's sanatorium and the availability of conditions for their storage. The contents of the packages, storage conditions and expiration dates of food products are controlled by staff.

The correct daily routine is rational alternation various types activity and rest, which is of great health and educational importance, favors the preservation of relatively high performance of the body for a long time. The regularity of individual regime moments and their alternation ensure the development of a certain rhythm (dynamic stereotype) in the activity of the body.

Violation of the daily routine, as well as improper upbringing conditions and an unfavorable climate in the family, leads to serious deviations in the child’s health, primarily to neuroses. Symptoms of neuroses are anxiety,: bad dream, retardation in physical development; at an older age - once

Irritability, inadequate reactions, nervous tics, intestinal colic, temperature lability. The course is determined by environmental conditions, education and training. To prevent neuroses, it is necessary to have a correct pedagogical approach to the child and adherence to a daily routine from a very early age. Health-improving measures are widely used: air and sun baths, bathing, pine and salt baths, rubdowns, douches, physical exercise, maximum exposure to fresh air, sufficient hygienically complete night sleep, daytime sleep. What is important, especially in adolescence, is the personal example of adults (parents, educators) and their benevolent participation in solving the teenager’s problems.

Extracurricular and extracurricular activities are carried out on days with fewer classes, as well as on weekends and holidays. The work of schoolchildren in various clubs in out-of-school institutions should be under the direct supervision and guidance of experienced teachers who wisely guide the activities of children and adolescents in accordance with their development, age capabilities and with the correct alternation of work and rest.

It is recommended that students of grades II-IV spend no more than 1-2 hours on extracurricular and extracurricular work, grades V-VIII - 3-4 hours, grades IX-XI - 4-5 hours per week.

Increasing the physical activity of schoolchildren is a powerful means of increasing the body’s performance and improving health. The daily routine should include, in addition to 1-1.5 hours of active rest, morning exercises, walks, sports games, skating, and skiing. During the school week, two physical education lessons, classes in sports sections, and socially useful work are required. Replacing physical education lessons with classes in general education subjects causes great harm health of schoolchildren.

The daily routine should include time that is used by students in accordance with their individual inclinations and interests: for elementary school students 1-1.5 hours, middle and high schools - 1.5-2.5 hours. Students can use this time for reading fiction, designing, drawing, watching television, listening to radio.

During their free time, students are expected to help around the house. Hard work not only contributes to the proper upbringing of children, but also contributes to their best physical development and health promotion.

Special time is provided for spending time outdoors. Every hour spent by schoolchildren in the open air in outdoor games and sports entertainment has a beneficial effect on health. Studies have shown that a 1-1.5 hour rest followed by outdoor games with moderate physical activity, increases the performance of students.

In cases where leisure exceeds 1.5 hours or is carried out with intense load, performance drops sharply, the number of

about errors, the amount of work performed decreases; It takes more time to prepare lessons after such a vacation than after a rationally organized one.

Sport games, such as volleyball, basketball, football, are not recommended for students in the interval between studying at school and preparing lessons. Associated with high mobility and, therefore, intense workload, they can have a negative impact on performance.

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