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The creative and life path of alexander sergeevich griboyedov. Literary and historical notes of a young technician

On January 15 (4), 1790 (according to some sources, 1795), Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born in the family of a retired major in Moscow. The biography of this man is full of secrets and mysteries. Unknown even exact date his birth. The father of the future writer was an uneducated person. The children were raised by their mother, who was a famous pianist and noble lady. Thanks to her, the writer received an excellent education at home.

Education

Since childhood, Griboyedov was lucky with teachers and educators. His governors were Petrozilius and Bogdan Ivanovich Ion - people, talented and famous. Therefore, already in childhood, the future playwright knew several foreign languages, learned to play the piano. In 1802 he entered the Moscow University boarding school. Professor Boule supervises his further education. The young man studies well, receives awards and at the age of 13 he becomes a candidate of verbal sciences.

While still a student, he began to get involved in literature, was a constant participant in literary meetings. At the same time, the first works of Griboyedov were written.

However, the most Interesting Facts biographies of the writer are fraught with mature years of life.

Military service

Quite strange was the decision of the brilliantly educated young man choose a military career. In 1812, with the beginning Patriotic War Griboyedov's life changed a lot. He became a member of the regiment of Count Saltykov. Alexander Sergeevich did not manage to take part in hostilities, and he retires.

Living in the capital

In 1817 he entered the service of the St. Petersburg State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. Passion for literature and theater brings Griboyedov closer to many famous people... He meets Kuchelbecker and Pushkin. Having entered the Masonic lodge, he communicates with Pestel, Chaadaev, Benkendorf. Intrigues, gossip of secular society darkened this period of life. The shaky financial situation forced the writer to leave the service.

In the Caucasus

Since 1818, Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov has served as a secretary at the Russian embassy in Persia. Responsibly treating public service, he simultaneously studies languages and literature about the culture of the East. As part of the Russian mission in 1819, Griboyedov continues to serve in Tabriz. For successful negotiations with the Persians, as a result of which it was possible to free the captured Russian soldiers, he was presented with a reward. A successful diplomatic career does not prevent a writer from doing what he loves. It was here that the first pages of the immortal comedy "Woe from Wit" were written.

Return

In 1823 Griboyedov arrived in Moscow and continued to work on a comedy. To print his work, the writer goes to St. Petersburg. But he was disappointed: he could not publish the comedy in full or put it on the stage of the theater. Readers admired the work, but this did not suit Alexander Sergeevich.

Communication with the Decembrists

To distract himself from sad thoughts, Griboyedov travels to Kiev. Meeting with friends (Trubetskoy and Bestuzhev) brought him to the camp of the Decembrists. For participation in the uprising, he was arrested and spent six months in prison.

last years of life

The defeat of the Decembrist uprising, tragic fate comrades had a detrimental effect on the state of mind of Griboyedov. He foresees his death and constantly talks about it.

In 1826, the government needed an experienced diplomat, as relations between Russia and Turkey were aggravated. A great writer was appointed to this position.

On the way to his destination in Tiflis, Alexander Sergeevich marries the young princess Chavchavadze.

His happiness was short-lived. The death of Griboyedov overtook soon after his arrival in Tehran. On January 30 (February 11), 1829, the Russian embassy was attacked. Defending heroically, the writer died.

A short biography of Griboyedov is not able to give a complete picture of the life of the great writer. During his short life, he created several works: "Student", "Young spouses", "Feigned infidelity". However, his most famous work is the comedy in verse "Woe from Wit". Creativity Griboyedov is small, many plans were not destined to come true, but his name will remain forever in the memory of the people.

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Alexander Sergeevich was a very talented person. He spoke many languages, composed music, was interested in science.
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Playwright, poet, diplomat Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 4 (15), 1795 in Moscow into a noble family. At the age of fifteen he graduated from Moscow University. During the Napoleonic invasion, he was enlisted in the army and served for two years in a cavalry regiment. In June 1817, Griboyedov joined the Foreign Affairs College; in August 1818 he was appointed secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission in Persia.

From 1822 to 1826 Griboyedov served in the Caucasus at the headquarters of A.P. Ermolov, from January to June 1826 he was under arrest in the case of the Decembrists.

Since 1827, under the new governor of the Caucasus, I.F. Paskevich, he was in charge of diplomatic relations with Turkey and Persia. In 1828, after the conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty, in which Griboyedov took an active part and brought the text of which to St. Petersburg, he was appointed "plenipotentiary minister" to Persia to ensure the fulfillment of the terms of the treaty.

In the same year in August, Alexander Griboyedov married eldest daughter his friend - a Georgian poet and public figure Alexandra Chavchavadze - Nina, whom he knew from childhood, often studied music with her. Growing up, Nina aroused in the soul of Alexander Griboyedov, a mature man, a strong and deep feeling of love.

They say she was a beauty: a slender, graceful brunette, with pleasant and regular features, with dark brown eyes, charming everyone with her kindness and meekness. Griboyedov called her Madonna Murillo. On August 22, 1828, they were crowned at the Zion Cathedral in Tiflis. In the church book there is a record: "Plenipotentiary Minister in Persia of His Imperial Majesty, State Counselor and Cavalier Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov entered into a legal marriage with the girl Nina, the daughter of Major General Prince Alexander Chavchavadzev ...". Griboyedov was 33 years old, Nina Alexandrovna was not yet sixteen.

After the wedding and several days of celebrations, the young couple left for the estate of A. Chavchavadze in Kakheti in Tsinandali. Then the young couple went to Persia. Not wanting to endanger Nina in Tehran, Griboyedov temporarily left his wife in Tabriz, his residence plenipotentiary Russian Empire in Persia, and went to the capital to present to the Shah alone. In Tehran, Griboyedov was very homesick for his young wife, worried about her (Nina was very hard on pregnancy).

On January 30, 1829, a crowd, incited by Muslim fanatics, defeated the Russian mission in Tehran. During the defeat of the embassy, the Russian envoy, Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov, was killed. The riotous crowd dragged his mutilated corpse through the streets for several days, and then threw it into a common pit, where the bodies of his comrades were already lying. Later, he was identified only by the little finger of his left hand, disfigured in a duel.

Nina, who was waiting for her husband in Tabriz, did not know about his death; worrying about her health, those around her hid the terrible news. On February 13, at the urgent request of her mother, she left Tabriz and went to Tiflis. Only here she was told that her husband was dead. From stress, she had a premature birth.

On April 30, Griboyedov's ashes were brought to Gergera, where A.C. Pushkin, who mentions this in his "Journey to Arzrum". In June, Griboyedov's body finally arrived in Tiflis, and on June 18, 1829, it was interred near the Church of St. David, according to the wishes of Griboyedov, who somehow jokingly told his wife: "Do not leave my bones in Persia; if I die there, bury me in Tiflis, in the monastery of St. David ". Nina fulfilled her husband's will. Buried him where he asked; on the grave of her husband, Nina Alexandrovna erected a chapel, and in it - a monument depicting a woman praying and crying before the crucifixion - her emblem. The inscription on the monument reads: "Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory; but why did my love survive you?"

Nina Alexandrovna survived her husband by 28 years, she died in 1857 from cholera and was buried next to her beloved.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov; Russian empire, Moscow; 01/04/1795 - 01/30/1829

Composer, poet, playwright and diplomat Griboyedov A.S. left a mark in the history of literature as the author of one work. And although this is not entirely true, and from the pen of Griboyedov many essays came out, travel notes and comedies, remember him mainly thanks to the comedy "Woe from Wit". It is thanks to the popularity of reading Griboyedov's "Woe from Wit" that the author got into our rating.

Biography of A.S. Griboyedov

Griboyedov was born in Moscow into a noble family. From childhood, the boy was distinguished by a lively mind and already at the age of six was fluent in three languages. After entering the Moscow University Noble Boarding School at the age of nine, he learned three more languages. At the age of 11, he already entered Moscow University, where three years later he became a candidate of verbal sciences. But he did not finish his education at that and entered first the moral and political faculty, and then the physics and mathematics. At the same time, during his studies, he tries himself as a poet. Unfortunately, Griboyedov's poems from this time have not survived.

The Patriotic War of 1812 forced Griboyedov to volunteer in the hussar regiment, where he served until 1815. It was at the end of 1814 that the first publications of his correspondence, and then of comedies, began. Since 1817, Griboyedov has been holding the post of provincial secretary, and then a translator. It was around this time that he joined the United Friends Masonic Lodge, and then organized his own Masonic Lodge. At the same time, he met with, about whose work he always spoke very reverently.

In 1818, Griboyedov was appointed secretary to the attorney in Persia. In the same year, he received a light wound in the arm in a duel. From Tiflis, he sent home a number of travel notes. In the same place, in 1822, Griboyedov began to read the comedy "Woe from Wit" online, which is so popular in our time. Work on the comedy continues during a two-year leave at home, and in 1824 Griboyedov finished work on the work.

In 1925, immediately after the opportunity to read "Woe from Wit" appeared, Griboyedov was forced to return to the service. But at this time he was arrested, suspected of having links with the Decembrists. Long time is running trial, but the diplomat and the writer were released. In 1826, Griboyedov in Tiflis took part in the conclusion of a treaty that was very beneficial for Russia. For this he was appointed ambassador to Iran. On the way there, Griboyedov marries Nina Chavchavadze. But their marriage was not destined to last long upon arrival in Tehran, a distraught crowd of Persians massacre the diplomatic mission of Russia. During it, Griboyedov also dies, who was only identified by the wound left after the duel.

Books by A.S. Griboyedov on the site Top books

As we have already mentioned, Griboyedov got into our rating thanks to the popularity of "Woe from Wit" to read. Moreover, this popularity is so high that it allowed the book to take a place in the top twenty and in the ranking. The interest of Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" to read online is quite stable, which suggests the presence of the book in our next ratings.

All the books of A.S. Griboyedov

Dramaturgy:

Georgian night
Dmitry Dryanskoy
Young spouses
Your family, or a married bride
Student
Feigned infidelity
Sample sideshow
Who is brother, who is sister, or deceit after deception

Publicism:

Country trip
About cavalry reserves
On the analysis of a free translation of Burgess's ballad "Lenora"
Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher "
Particular cases of the St. Petersburg flood

Works on the website Lib.ru at Wikisource.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov(January 4, Moscow - January 30 [February 11], Tehran) - Russian diplomat, poet, playwright, pianist and composer, nobleman. State Councilor (1828).

Griboyedov is known as homo unius libri- the writer of one book, a brilliantly rhymed play "Woe from Wit", which is still one of the most frequently staged in Russian theaters, as well as a source of numerous catch phrases.

Biography

Origins and early years

Griboyedov was born in Moscow into a wealthy noble family. His ancestor, Jan Grzybowski (Polish. Jan Grzybowski), at the beginning of the 17th century he moved from Poland to Russia. The author's surname Griboyedov is nothing more than a kind of translation of the Grzybowski surname. Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich he was a rank clerk and one of the five compilers of the Cathedral Code of 1649 was Fyodor Akimovich Griboyedov.

The writer's father is a retired Major Seconds Sergei Ivanovich Griboyedov (1761-1814). Mother - Anastasia Fedorovna (1768-1839), nee also Griboyedova.

According to the testimony of relatives, in childhood Alexander was very focused and unusually developed.

War

But as soon as they began to form, the enemy entered Moscow. This regiment was ordered to go to Kazan, and after the expulsion of the enemies, at the end of the same year, it was ordered to follow to Brest-Litovsk, join the defeated Irkutsk dragoon regiment and take the name of the Irkutsk hussar.

On September 8, 1812, the cornet Griboyedov fell ill and remained in Vladimir, and, presumably, until November 1, 1813, due to illness, did not appear in the regiment's location. Arriving at the duty station, he got into the company "Young cornets from the best noble families"- Prince Golitsyn, Count Efimovsky, Count Tolstoy, Alyabyev, Sheremetev, Lanskoy, the Shatilov brothers. With some of them Griboyedov was related. Subsequently, he wrote in a letter to Begichev: “I have been in this squad for only 4 months, and now it’s 4 years since I can’t get on the right path.

Until 1815, Griboyedov served with the rank of cornet under the command of General of the Cavalry A.S.Kologrivov. The first literary experiments of Griboyedov - "Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher", feature article "On cavalry reserves" and comedy "Young spouses"(translation of the French comedy Le secr - refer to 1814. The article "On cavalry reserves" Griboyedov acted as a historical publicist.

The enthusiastic lyrical "Letter ..." from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher of "Vestnik Evropy" was written by him after awarding Kologrivov in 1814 with the "Order of St. Vladimir Equal to the Apostles, 1st degree" and reserves on this matter.

In the capital

In 1815 Griboyedov arrived in St. Petersburg, where he met with the publisher of the journal "Son of the Fatherland" NI Grech and the famous playwright NI Khmelnitsky.

In the spring of 1816, the aspiring writer left military service, and in the summer he published an article “On the analysis of a free translation of the Burgher ballad“ Lenora ”- a response to the critical remarks of NI Gnedich about PA Katenin's ballad“ Olga ”. At the same time, the name of Griboyedov appears in the lists of full members of the Masonic lodge "Les Amis Reunis" ("United Friends").

At the beginning of 1817 Griboyedov became one of the founders of the Du Bien Masonic lodge. In the summer he entered the diplomatic service, taking the post of provincial secretary (since winter - translator) of the College of Foreign Affairs. This period of the life of the writer also includes his acquaintances with A. Pushkin and V. K. Kyukhelbecker, work on the poem "Lubochny Theater" (a response to the criticism of M. N. Zagoskin about "Young Spouses"), the comedies "Student" [(together with P. A. Katenin), "Feigned Infidelity" (together with A. A. Zhandre), "One's Family, or a Married Bride" (co-authored with A. A. Shakhovsky and N. I. Khmelnitsky).

Duel

In 1817, the famous "quadruple duel" of Zavadovsky-Sheremetev and Griboyedov-Yakubovich took place in St. Petersburg. It was Griboyedov who gave the reason for the duel, bringing the ballerina Istomin to the apartment of his friend Count Zavadovsky (Griboyedov was 22 at the time). Cavalier Sheremetev, Istomina's lover, summoned Zavadovsky. Griboyedov became Zavadovsky's second, Yakubovich, the cornet of the Life-Uhlan regiment of Sheremeteva.

Griboyedov lived with Zavadovsky and, being a friend of Istomina, after the performance brought her to his house, naturally, to Zavadovsky's house, where she lived for two days. Sheremetev had a quarrel with Istomina and was away, but when he returned, instigated by AI Yakubovich, he challenged Zavadovsky to a duel. Yakubovich and Griboyedov also promised to fight.

The first to reach the barrier were Zavadovsky and Sheremetev. Zavadovsky, an excellent marksman, mortally wounded Sheremetev in the stomach. Since Sheremetev had to be taken to the city immediately, Yakubovich and Griboyedov postponed their duel. It took place next year, in 1818, in Georgia. Yakubovich was transferred to Tiflis on duty, and Griboyedov also found himself passing through there, heading on a diplomatic mission to Persia.

Griboyedov was wounded in the left hand. It was for this injury that it was possible to subsequently identify the disfigured corpse of Griboyedov, who was killed by religious fanatics during the defeat of the Russian embassy in Tehran.

In the east

In 1818, Griboyedov, having given up the post of an official of the Russian mission in the United States, was appointed secretary to the tsar's chargé d'affaires of Persia. Before leaving for Tehran, he completed work on the "Interlude Samples". I went to my duty station at the end of August, two months later (with short stops in Novgorod, Moscow, Tula and Voronezh) I arrived in Mozdok, on the way to Tiflis I made a detailed diary describing my travels.

At the beginning of 1819, Griboyedov completed work on the ironic "Letter to the publisher from Tiflis on January 21" and, probably, the poem "Forgive me, Fatherland!" On the way to Tehran via Tabriz (January - March) continued to carry travel notes launched last year. In August he returned to Tabriz, where he began to plead for the fate of Russian soldiers who were in Iranian captivity. In September, at the head of a detachment of prisoners and fugitives, he set out from Tabriz to Tiflis, where he arrived the next month. Some events of this journey are described on the pages of Griboyedov's diaries (for July and August / September), as well as in the narrative fragments "Vagin's Tale" and "Ananur Quarantine".

In January 1820, Griboyedov again went to Tabriz, adding new entries to the travel diary journal. Here, burdened with office chores, he spent more than a year and a half. The stay in Persia was incredibly burdensome for the writer-diplomat, and in the fall of the following year, 1821, due to health reasons (due to a broken arm), he finally managed to move closer to his homeland - to Georgia. In Tiflis, he became close to Küchelbecker, who had arrived here to serve, and began work on the draft manuscripts of the first edition of Woe from Wit.

From February 1822 Griboyedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs under General A.P. Ermolov, who commanded the Russian troops in Tiflis. The author's work on the drama "Year 1812" (apparently timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary of Russia's victory in the war with Napoleonic France) is often dated the same year.

At the beginning of 1823, Griboyedov left the service for a while and returned to his homeland, for more than two years he lived in Moscow, in the village. Dmitrovsky (Lakottsy) of the Tula province, in St. Petersburg. Here the author continued the work begun in the Caucasus with the text "Woe from Wit", by the end of the year he wrote the poem "David", a dramatic scene in the verses "Youth of the Prophetic", a vaudeville "Who is a brother, who is a sister, or Deception behind deception" (in cooperation with P.A. Vyazemsky) and the first edition of the famous waltz "E-moll". It is customary to attribute the appearance of the first records of his "Desiderata", a journal of notes on controversial issues of Russian history, geography and literature, to the same period of Griboyedov's life.

The next year, 1824, is the date of the writer's epigrams to M. A. Dmitriev and A. I. Pisarev ("And they write lies! And they translate - they lie! .." uncles ", the essay" Special cases of the St. Petersburg flood "and the poem" Teleshova ". At the end of the same year (December 15), Griboyedov became a full member of the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

On South

At the end of May 1825, due to the urgent need to return to his place of service, the writer abandoned his intention to visit Europe and left for the Caucasus. On the eve of this trip, he completed work on a free translation of "The Prologue in the Theater" from the tragedy "Faust", at the request of F.V. archive "for 1825. On the way to Georgia, he visited Kiev, where he met prominent figures of the revolutionary underground (M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, A.Z.Muravyov, S.I. visiting the estate of his longtime friend A.P. Zavadovsky. On the peninsula, Griboyedov developed a plan for the majestic tragedy of the Baptism of the ancient Russians and kept a detailed diary of travel notes, published only three decades after the death of the author. According to the opinion established in science, it was under the influence of the southern trip that he wrote the scene "Dialogue of Polovtsian Men".

Arrest

Upon his return to the Caucasus, Griboyedov, inspired by the participation of General AA Velyaminov in the expedition, wrote the famous poem "Predators on Chegem." In January 1826 he was arrested in the Groznaya fortress on suspicion of belonging to the Decembrists; Griboyedov was brought to St. Petersburg, but the investigation could not find evidence that Griboyedov belonged to secret society... With the exception of A. F. Brigen, E. P. Obolensky, N. N. Orzhitsky and S. P. Trubetskoy, none of the suspects gave evidence to the detriment of Griboyedov.

Return to service

In September 1826 he returned to Tiflis and continued his diplomatic activity; took part in the conclusion of the Turkmanchay peace treaty (1828), which was beneficial for Russia, and delivered its text to St. Petersburg. Appointed as Resident Minister (Ambassador) to Iran; On the way to his destination, he again spent several months in Tiflis and married there on August 22 (September 3) of the year to Princess Nina Chavchavadze, with whom he had only a few weeks to live.

Death in Persia

Foreign embassies were located not in the capital, but in Tabriz, at the court of Prince Abbas Mirza, but soon after arriving in Persia, the mission went to present itself to Feth Ali Shah in Tehran. During this visit, Griboyedov died: on January 30, 1829 (6 Sha'ban, 1244 AH), a crowd of thousands of rebellious Persians killed everyone in the embassy, except for the secretary Maltsov.

The circumstances of the defeat of the Russian mission are described in different ways, but Maltsov was an eyewitness to the events, and he does not mention the death of Griboyedov, only writes that about 15 people defended themselves at the door of the envoy's room. Maltsov writes that 37 people were killed at the embassy (all except him alone) and 19 Tehran residents. He himself hid in another room and, in fact, could only describe what he heard. All those who fought died, and there were no direct witnesses.

Riza-Kuli writes that Griboyedov with 37 comrades was killed, and 80 people were killed from the crowd. His body was so disfigured that he was identified only by the trace on his left hand, obtained in the famous duel with Yakubovich.

Griboyedov's body was taken to Tiflis and buried on Mount Mtatsminda in a grotto at the Church of St. David.

The Persian Shah sent his grandson to St. Petersburg to settle the diplomatic scandal. In compensation for the shed blood, he brought rich gifts to Nicholas I, including the Shah diamond. Once this magnificent diamond, framed by many rubies and emeralds, adorned the throne of the Great Mughals. Now it shines in the collection of the Moscow Kremlin's Diamond Fund.

At the grave, Griboyedov's widow Nina Chavchavadze erected a monument to him with the inscription: "Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why has my love survived you?".

Yuri Tynyanov dedicated his novel The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar (1928) to the last years of AS Griboyedov's life.

Creation

According to his literary position, Griboyedov belongs (according to the classification of Yu. N. Tynyanov) to the so-called "junior archaists": his closest literary allies are P. A. Katenin and V. K. Kyukhelbeker; however, he was also appreciated by the "Arzamas", for example, Pushkin and Vyazemsky, and among his friends - such different people as P. Ya. Chaadaev and F. V. Bulgarin.

Even during his years of study at Moscow University () Griboyedov wrote poems (only mentions have come down to us), creates a parody of Ozerov's work "Dmitry Donskoy" - "Dmitry Dryanskoy". In the "Vestnik Evropy" two of his correspondences are published: "On cavalry reserves" and "Letter to the editor". In 1815 he published the comedy Young Spouses, a parody of the French comedies that made up the Russian comedy repertoire at the time. The author uses a very popular genre of "secular comedy" - works with a small number of characters and an installation for wit. In line with the polemic with Zhukovsky and Gnedich about the Russian ballad, Griboyedov writes an article "On the analysis of the free translation of Lenora" ().

Parodying techniques: the introduction of texts into a household context, an exaggerated use of peripherality (all concepts in comedy are given descriptively, nothing is named directly). In the center of the work is the bearer of the classicist consciousness (Benevolsky). All knowledge about life is gleaned by him from books, all events are perceived through the experience of reading. Saying “I saw it, I know it” means “I read it”. The hero seeks to play out book stories, life seems uninteresting to him. Griboyedov would later repeat the deprivation of a real sense of reality in Woe From Wit — this is Chatsky's trait.

"Woe from Wit"

The comedy "Woe from Wit" is the pinnacle of Russian drama and poetry. A bright aphoristic style contributed to the fact that she was all "sold out on quotes."

“Never has a single people been so scourged, never a country has been dragged so much in the mud, never thrown so much harsh abuse in the face of the public, and, however, a fuller success has never been achieved” (P. Chaadaev. “Apology of a Madman” ).

Griboyedov spoke 3 foreign languages at the age of 6. He was fluent in French, English, German and Italian, understood Latin and Ancient Greek. Later, while in the Caucasus, he learned Arabic, Georgian, Persian and Turkish.

Memory

There is an institute named after A.S. Griboyedov in Moscow - IMPE named after A.S. Griboyedov
In the center of Yerevan there is a monument to A.S. Griboyedov (by Hovhannes Bedzhanyan, 1974), and in 1995 it was released Postage Stamp Armenia dedicated to Griboyedov.
In Alushta, a monument to A.S. Griboyedov was erected in 2002, to the 100th anniversary of the city.
Memorial plaques (on the facade of the building of the former tavern "Athens", where the playwright supposedly stayed in 1825) remind about A. S. Griboyedov's stay in Simferopol.
There is a theater named after A.S. Griboyedov in Tbilisi, a monument (by M.K. Merabishvili)
There are Griboyedov streets in Bryansk, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Ryazan, Irkutsk, and a number of other cities and settlements in Russia and Ukraine. And also in Yerevan (Google Maps), Sevan, Minsk, Vitebsk (), Simferopol, Tbilisi, Vinnitsa, Khmelnitsky, Irpen, Belaya Tserkov.
Griboyedov Canal (until 1923 - Ekaterininsky Canal) - a canal in St. Petersburg
The bust of Griboyedov is installed on the facade of the Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater

In philately

In numismatics

Addresses in St. Petersburg

11.1816 - 08.1818 - I. Walha's tenement house - 104, Catherine canal embankment;
01.06. - 07.1824 - Demut Hotel - Moika River Embankment, 40;
08. - 11.1824 - A. I. Odoevsky's apartment in the Pogodin apartment building - Torgovaya street, 5;
11.1824 - 01.1825 - P. N. Chebyshev's apartment in the Usov apartment building - Nikolayevskaya embankment, 13;
01. - 09.1825 - A.I. Odoevsky's apartment in Bulatov's apartment building - Isaakievskaya Square, 7;
06.1826 - the apartment of A.A.Zhandra in the house of Yegerman - 82 Moika River Embankment;
03. - 05.1828 - Demut Hotel - Moika River Embankment, 40;
05. - 06.06.1828 - the house of A.I.Kosikovsky - Nevsky prospect, 15.

Awards

Editions of essays

Full composition of writings. T. 1-3. - P., 1911-1917.
Compositions. - M., 1956.
Woe from wit. The publication was prepared by N.K.Piksanov. - M .: Science, 1969. (Literary monuments).
Woe from wit. The publication was prepared by N.K.Piksanov with the participation of A.L. Grishunin. - M .: Nauka, 1987 .-- 479 p. (Second edition, supplemented.) (Literary monuments).
Writings in verse. Compiled, prepared. text and notes. D. M. Klimova. - L .: Sov. writer, 1987 .-- 512 p. (Library of the poet. Large series. Third edition).
Complete Works: In 3 volumes / Ed. S. A. Fomicheva and others - SPb., 1995-2006.

Museums

"Khmelita" - State Historical, Cultural and Natural Museum-Reserve of A.S. Griboyedov

Notes (edit)

Griboyedov's date of birth is a special issue. Options:,,,, 1795. The year 1795 is indicated in the first form list (autobiography upon admission to the post), this year is indicated by the widow of A.S. Griboyedov Nina Chavchavadze, some friends. In the second formulary list, Griboyedov already indicates the year 1794. Bulgarin and Senkovsky indicate the years 1792, respectively. The year 1790 is in the official papers after 1818, in the papers of the investigation into the uprising on December 14, 1825. At the same time, it is known that in 1792 a sister was born, in 1795 - a brother. From this, the researchers conclude that the versions or 1794 are solid. It should be noted that Griboyedov could deliberately hide the date of birth, if it refers to 1790 - in this case, he was born before the marriage of his parents. In 1818, he received the rank giving the right to hereditary nobility, and could already make public the year of birth, this did not deprive him of his privileges.
"Personality of Griboyedov" S. A. Fomichev. (Retrieved July 4, 2009)
Unbegaun B.O.Russian surnames. - M.: Progress, 1989 .-- S. 340
FEB: Nikolaev et al. From the history of the Griboyedov family. - 1989 (text).
See also Field Lokots, where Griboyedov visited Begichev in 1823
http://bib.eduhmao.ru/http:/libres.bib.eduhmao.ru:81/http:/az.lib.ru/g/griboedow_a_s/text_0060.shtml S. N. Begichev “Note about A. S . Griboyedov "
FEB: Sverdlin. During the war years. - 1989
Minchik S. S. Griboyedov and the Crimea. - Simferopol: Business-Inform, 2011 .-- S. 94-96.
// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Minchik S. S. Griboyedov and the Crimea. - Simferopol: Business-Inform, 2011 .-- S. 115-189.
Series: Outstanding Personalities of Russia
Alexander Griboyedov and Nina Chavchavadze
Alexander Griboyedov. His life and literary activity (chapter 6)
Alexander Griboyedov. His life and literary activity - A. M. Skabichevsky

Literature

A. S. Griboyedov in the memoirs of his contemporaries. - M., 1929.
A. S. Griboyedov in the memoirs of his contemporaries. - M., 1980.
A. S. Griboyedov in Russian criticism. - M., 1958.
A. S. Griboyedov as a phenomenon of history and culture. - M., 2009.
A.S. Griboyedov, 1795-1829. - M., 1946.
A. S. Griboyedov: His life and death in the memoirs of his contemporaries. - L., 1929.
A. S. Griboyedov: Materials for the biography. - L., 1989.
A.S. Griboyedov. - M., 1946 .-- (Literary heritage; T. 47/48).
A.S. Griboyedov. Life and creation. Album. - M., 1994.
A.S. Griboyedov. Creation. Biography. Traditions. - L., 1977.
Balayan BP Blood on the "Shah" diamond: the tragedy of A. S. Griboyedov. - Yerevan, 1983.
Veselovsky A. N. A. S. Griboyedov (biography). - M., 1918.
Griboyedov: an encyclopedia. - SPb., 2007.
Griboyedov places. - M., 2007.
Griboyedov Readings. - Issue. 1. - Yerevan, 2009.
Dubrovin A. A. A. S. Griboyedov and art culture his time. - M., 1993.
Enikolopov I.K. Griboyedov in Georgia. - Tbilisi, 1954.
Kireev D. I. A. S. Griboyedov. Life and literary activity... - M.-L., 1929.
Kogan P. S. A. S. Griboyedov. - M.-L., 1929.
Lebedev A.A.Griboyedov. Facts and hypotheses. - M., 1980.
Chronicle of the life and work of A.S. Griboyedov, 1791-1829. - M., 2000.
Face and genius. Foreign Russia and Griboyedov. - M., 2001.
Meshcheryakov V. P. A. S. Griboyedov: literary environment and perception (XIX - early XX century). - L., 1983.
Meshcheryakov V.P. Life and deeds of Alexander Griboyedov. - M., 1989.
Minchik S. S. Griboyedov and the Crimea. - Simferopol, 2011.
Myasoedova N. About Griboyedov and Pushkin: (Articles and notes). - SPb., 1997.
"On a way…". Crimean notes and letters of A.S. Griboyedov. Year 1825 .-- SPb., 2005.
Nechkina M. V. A. S. Griboyedov and the Decembrists. - 3rd ed. - M., 1977.
Nechkina M.V. Investigative case of A.S. Griboyedov. - M., 1982.
Orlov V.N. Griboyedov. - L., 1967.
Petrov S. M. A. S. Griboyedov. - 2nd ed. - M., 1954.
Piksanov N.K. Griboyedov. Research and characteristics. - L., 1934.
Popova O. I. A. S. Griboyedov in Persia, 1818-1823 - M.,.
Popova O. I. Griboyedov - diplomat. - M., 1964.
Problems of creativity A. S. Griboyedov. - Smolensk, 1994.
Pypin A. N. A. S. Griboyedov. - Ptg., 1919.
Skabichevsky A. M. A. S. Griboyedov, his life and literary activity. - SPb., 1893.
Stepanov L.A. Aesthetic and artistic thinking of A.S. Griboyedov. - Krasnodar, 2001.
"Where the Alazan winds ...". - Tbilisi, 1977.
Tunyan V. G. A. S. Griboyedov and Armenia. - Yerevan, 1995.
Tynyanov Yu.N. Death of Vazir-Mukhtar. - M., 2007.
"Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory." On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Griboyedov. - SPb., 1995.
Filippova A. A. A. S. Griboyedov and the Russian estate. - Smolensk, 2011.
Fomichev S.A.Alexander Griboyedov. Biography. - SPb., 2012.
Fomichev S.A. Griboyedov in St. Petersburg. - L., 1982.
Khechinov Yu. E. Life and death of Alexander Griboyedov. - M., 2003.
Khmelitsky collection. - A.S. Griboyedov. - Smolensk, 1998.
Khmelitsky collection. - Issue. 2. Griboyedov and Pushkin. - Smolensk, 2000.
Khmelitsky collection. - Issue. 9.A.S. Griboyedov. - Smolensk, 2008.
Khmelitsky collection. - Issue. 10.A.S. Griboyedov. - Smolensk, 2010.
Tsimbaeva E. N. Griboyedov. - 2nd ed. - M., 2011.
Shostakovich S. V. Diplomatic activity of A. S. Griboyedov. - M., 1960.
Eristov D.G. Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. (1795-1829). - Tiflis, 1879.
Bonamour J. A. S. Griboedov et la vie litteraire de son temps. - Paris, 1965.
Hobson M. Aleksandr Griboedov "s Woe from Wit: A Commentary and Translation. - London, 2005.
Kelly L. Diplomacy and murder in Tehran: Alexander Griboyedov and Imperial Russia’s Mission to the Shah of Persia. - London, 2002.
Kosny W. A. S. Griboedov - Poet und Minister: Die Zeitgenossische Rezeption seiner Komödie "Gore ot uma" (1824-1832). - Berlin, 1985.
Lembcke H. A. S. Griboedov in Deutschland. Studie zur rezeption A. S. Griboedovs und der Ubersetzung seiner Komodie "Gore ot uma" in Deutschland im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. - Stockholm, 2003.

Links

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov in the video project "Club under 40".
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov in the video project "Secrets of the Century".
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov in the project "A. Griboyedov and the Crimea".
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov in the Moshkov Library project.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov in the project "Vladimirskie vedomosti".
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov in the "Fundamental Electronic Library" project.
Ashrafi Rad M. Life and work of A. S. Griboyedov as a semiotic object of research. Moscow, 2011.
Vasiliev S. A. Christian motives in the comedy A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".
Led by the genius of Griboyedov // Crimean truth. 2012. No. 102, p. 3
Vilk E. A. Pushkin's summary of Karamzin's "History" and the plan of the tragedy about the Polovtsy Griboyedov // Pushkin and his contemporaries. Issue 3 (42). 2002. S. 255-263.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15, 1795 in rich family nobles. A man of exceptional talents, Alexander Griboyedov knew how to play the piano brilliantly, composed music himself, knew more than five foreign languages. The Russian leader graduated from the Moscow University Noble Boarding School (1803), and then from three departments of Moscow University.

On military service Griboyedov held the rank of cornet from 1812 to 1816, after which he begins to realize himself in the journalistic and literary fields. Among his first works were the comedy "Young Spouses", which he translated from French, and "A Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher." In 1817, Griboyedov joined the Masonic organization "United Friends" and held the post of provincial secretary in the public service. Griboyedov continues to write, the comedy "The Student" and "Feigned Infidelity" are added to his work. At the same time, the gifted figure meets Alexander Pushkin and his entourage.

Griboyedov twice traveled to Persia on behalf of the government - in 1818 and 1820. Service in the east burdened him, and Griboyedov moved to Georgia. During this period, work began on the most famous work - "Woe from Wit".

In 1826, the Russian writer was accused of belonging to the Decembrists. Griboyedov was under investigation for about 6 months. But it was not possible to prove his involvement in the conspiracy, and Griboyedov was freed.

In 1828 he married Nina Chavchavadze, but their marriage was short-lived: Alexander Sergeevich was killed by a rioting mob on January 30, 1829 during a visit by the Russian embassy to Tehran.

Biography 2

A great writer, competent diplomat, musician and composer is not full list merits of Alexander Griboyedov. An inquisitive boy of noble origin. The best scientists of that time were engaged in his education and training.

Sasha's abilities knew no bounds, he easily mastered six foreign languages. I played on musical instruments, wrote poetry.

He really wanted to prove himself in combat conditions, and he enrolled in the regiment of hussars, but the war with Napoleon had already begun to end, and much to Alexander's chagrin. So he did not manage to take part in the hostilities.

Mother, Anastasia Fedorovna, saw her son as an official, but Griboyedov did not want to serve at all, it seemed to him a boring task. At this time, he became interested in theater and literature, writes comedies. Young and hot, he soon gets into an unpleasant story, becomes a second. Duels at that time were not just forbidden, for participating in them one could go to jail. Anastasia Fedorovna did a lot to save her son from imprisonment. And he had to leave Russia and go to Persia.

Being in foreign lands, Alexander was very bored. After some time, he achieves a transfer to Georgia. Here he begins to write his famous comedy. At the same time, he writes poetry, plays continues to study music.

Alexander Griboyedov was not just familiar with Ivan Krylov, he read him Woe from Wit. The great fabulist liked the work, but he said with regret that the censorship would not let him through. This turned out to be true. Moreover, the play was not only banned from staging in the theater. But also to print. It had to be rewritten secretly.

Soon, Alexander returned to the Caucasus, where he continued to serve at Yermolov's headquarters. At this time, there was an uprising of the Decembrists. Griboyedov falls under suspicion and is arrested.

Before in last time Alexander got married to a diplomatic mission to the capital of Iran. The happiness of the young did not last long, only a few weeks. Going once again on a business trip, no one even thought, could not that she would be the last.

It took half a century to talk about Griboyedov and his role as a diplomat, writer and just a person.

Option 3

A.S. Griboyedov is an outstanding Russian playwright, poet, composer and pianist. He was considered one of the smartest and most educated people of his time. He did a lot of useful things for Russia in the diplomatic field.

He was born in 1795. He was a representative of an old wealthy family. The mother, a harsh and domineering woman, loved her son very much. He answered her in kind. However, conflicts often arose between them.

Alexander's ability to learn was manifested in childhood. Already at the age of six, he could communicate freely at 3 foreign languages, and to adolescence mastered 6 languages. At first he received an excellent home education under the guidance of experienced governors, then he was enrolled in the Moscow University boarding school. Further, after graduating from the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University, as a thirteen-year-old teenager, he receives a Ph.D. degree. Then he continues his studies at the Faculty of Law, after which he received the degree of Candidate of Rights at the age of 15.

Interested in mathematics and natural sciences, he not only diligently attended lectures, but also took private lessons from some scientists, for he wanted to get a doctorate. I had time to study and literary creativity, but, unfortunately, his early works have not survived.

In 1812. due to the outbreak of World War II, Griboyedov left his studies, literature classes and, under the influence of patriotic ideas, enrolled in the hussars. But he did not have a chance to fight, since his regiment was sent to the rear. Soon, Alexander was appointed adjutant to the commander and transferred to Brest-Litovsk.

In 1814. publishes his articles for the first time. Begins to write for the theater. In 1815. resigns, and after 2 years enters civil service to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs.

Living in St. Petersburg, Griboyedov takes an active part in the activities of the literary and theatrical circle. He writes and publishes several comedies.

In 1818. receives an appointment to the post of secretary of the Russian mission in Iran. Keeps travel notes. In Tiflis, he shoots with A.I. Yakubovich. After this duel, he had a permanently mutilated finger on his left hand.

In Iran, he is busy with the release of captured Russian soldiers and personally accompanies their detachment to their homeland. In 1820. begins work on the play "Woe from Wit".

Since 1822. to 1823 serves under General Ermolov. Writes a musical vaudeville, which premiered in 1824. Leaves service. He wants to print and stage Woe from Wit, but to no avail.

In 1825. returns to service. In 1826. in the Caucasus was arrested. He was accused of having connections with the Decembrists, but no evidence was found, so he was released.

In 1828. Griboyedov married, and in 1829. was killed by religious fanatics in Tehran.

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important thing.

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