"real honey fungus can be eaten raw." What edible mushrooms grow in the fall at the beginning and end of September, October, November: photos, list, names

The peak mushroom season begins in autumn. What mushrooms can be collected early and late autumn? We'll tell you in this article.

Autumn is generous with the gifts of nature. At this time of year, you can enjoy not only fragrant apples, pears, and vegetables from the garden, but also diversify your menu with mushroom dishes.

Important: “Silent hunting” is what mushroom pickers call their hobby. Why? Because they usually go to pick mushrooms friendly company. And this is a very exciting activity.

Many people believe that mushrooms only grow in autumn. In fact, this is not entirely true. Mushrooms grow in both spring and summer, and some even in winter. It’s just that in the fall, thanks to the wet weather, a huge number of them grow.

The month of September is good because you can still collect summer species mushrooms, but traditionally autumn ones are already appearing.

Traditionally, the September types of mushrooms include the following:

There are many subspecies of honey mushrooms. Among them there are edible and poisonous, sometimes it is difficult even for an experienced specialist to distinguish. Some mushroom pickers do not consider these mushrooms edible.

Picky mushrooms that can be found in mosses or under grass. Chanterelles grow throughout the fall. The chanterelle's leg has folds, and the cap may be irregular shape and curved outward. All types of chanterelles are considered edible or conditionally edible. Conditionally considered edible false chanterelles. Their hat is much brighter than that of ordinary foxes.

Chanterelles

Porcini

It is also called boletus. You've also probably heard the name "king of mushrooms". The mushroom is named porcini because its pulp white does not darken when cut. The diameter of the cap ranges from 5-20 cm.

In wet weather, the cap can be slippery; in dry weather, it can become cracked and dry. If you turn the mushroom over, you can see that the flesh is porous. The color of the cap darkens as the mushroom ages, from white to brown. The leg is dense and fleshy.

“King of Mushrooms” - Boletus

Variety porcini mushroom- dubovik

The boletus has a light leg that widens downwards with dark inclusions. Temperate hat Brown. The boletus grows in birch or mixed forests. But you can also find it in a spruce forest, where there are interspersed birches. Loves moist soil, but warmed by the sun.

In addition to the above, other mushrooms also grow abundantly in September:

• Milk mushrooms
• Butter
• Mokhoviki
• Saffron milk caps

Video: How to pick mushrooms correctly?

What edible mushrooms are collected in October: list, photos, names

In October, before frost sets in, you can collect decent baskets different mushrooms. Although the number of mushrooms in meadows and forests will not be as record high as in September. In October, it is worth looking for mushrooms near stumps and under trees.

Still available this month porcini mushrooms, boletus, boletus.

In October, the following mushrooms grow abundantly:

1. Saffron milk caps
2. Bitters
3. greenfinch

Saffron milk caps

Saffron milk caps grow in spruce forests. The second name for saffron milk caps is spruce trees. Saffron milk caps have a concave cap, the edges are slightly bent, inner side lamellar caps. The cap of these mushrooms is smooth and slippery. Pulp orange color. Saffron milk caps are one of the most delicious mushrooms. They can be fried, salted, and dried.

Milk mushrooms

These mushrooms, like others, are divided into two types: conditionally edible and edible.

TO conditionally edible relate:

• bitter milk mushroom (bitter)
• milk mushroom yellow
• milk mushroom white (real)
• milk mushroom parchment
• milk mushroom black

TO edible:

• marsh milk mushroom
• bluish milk mushroom
• camphor milk mushroom

These mushrooms may differ in the color of their cap. Milk mushrooms reach large sizes- up to 20 cm in diameter. The milky juice is white, abundant. As it ripens, the flesh of the milk mushroom becomes brittle and crumbles easily.

Important: The term " conditionally edible mushrooms“does not mean that you can’t eat them. Can. Only first it needs to be processed: frying, boiling, drying, salting. Concerning edible mushrooms, it is believed that they can be eaten raw.

What edible mushrooms are collected in November: list, photos, names

November is the latest autumn month. The first frosts begin this month, but you can still collect a basket of late mushrooms, such as:

• greenfinch
• Oyster mushrooms
• Butter

Butter

Butterflies get their name from their slippery, sticky, oily cap. Brown hat, with reverse side porous. This mushroom is very nutritious. Loves oil can coniferous soil, but there must be bushes and grass.

There are deciduous, swamp, and cedar boletus. Late boletus can be recognized by its richly colored cap with yellow flesh. Late boletus hides in mosses.

Has a long thin leg. The leg is hollow inside. Externally, garlic mushrooms are similar to honey mushrooms; they can be distinguished by the characteristic smell of garlic. Hence the name. When cooked, the smell disappears, when dried it intensifies.

The latest mushrooms in autumn in November: list, photos, names

In late autumn you can find:

• Talkers
• Zelenushki (rows)
• Oyster mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms grow at once “as a whole friendly company.” You can find them on trees. Oyster mushrooms are also grown on an industrial scale. Oyster mushrooms have a soft cap with soft gray skin.

Talkers

The caps of the talkers are thin, these mushrooms themselves are small, but fragrant. Talkers grow on soft litter, shallow. Among the varieties of talkers, there are many poisonous ones, so it is recommended only for experienced mushroom pickers to collect them.

Mushroom talker

greenfinch

Greenfinches grow in dry pine forests. They can be found singly or in groups. These are the latest mushrooms to grow until frost. After treatment, the greenish color does not disappear. If you eat a lot of greenfinches, you can get poisoned. Therefore, it is better to consume them in moderation.

How quickly do mushrooms grow after rain in the fall?

Important: For mushrooms to grow, the soil must be well saturated. It is important that it is warm for some time. Such conditions are favorable for the growth of mushrooms.

Mushrooms grow in different ways. For example, boletus may appear 10 hours after rain. Other mushrooms, especially late autumn ones, will have to wait up to 12 days.

Experienced mushroom pickers are sure that it is not necessary to wait 12-14 days after the rain, you just need to know the good places.

It is also important to go to pick mushrooms when they reach the required size. On average, mushrooms reach medium size in 3-6 days. Full growth up to 12-14 days.

At what temperature do mushrooms grow in autumn?

High temperature (30-35°) inhibits the growth of fungi. The mechanism of mushroom growth is such that the mycelium begins to develop at a temperature of 20-25°. During this time it should rain, the mycelium should be saturated nutrients. And only at a temperature of 6-10° the fruiting body actively grows.

It happens that mushrooms grow in waves after each heavy rain. But it doesn’t happen year after year. It also happens that the year does not indulge in a mushroom harvest. Many mushroom pickers say that mushrooms have their own quirks.

Picking mushrooms is not only a useful activity, but also an exciting one. Many quiet walks through the forests and beautiful places calms down. Don’t forget to arm yourself with a knife for cutting mushrooms and a basket, or maybe several.

But if you decide to go mushroom hunting and don’t know whether this mushroom is edible, it is better to ask an experienced mushroom picker to help. Almost all types of mushrooms have false doubles, which can be extremely dangerous to your health and life.

Video: How to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones?

What honey mushrooms and when to collect in different regions/

Every autumn, avid mushroom pickers go out in search of tasty and aromatic mushrooms. In this material you can find useful information about honey mushrooms. We hope you find it useful.

Honey mushrooms: description of a mushroom variety

Honey mushrooms got their own name due to the fact that, as a rule, they grow on stumps. There are also honey mushrooms that grow in meadows. If translated into Latin, honey agaric is a “bracelet” with many beads.

• Honey mushrooms are edible mushrooms. Plus, they are quite tasty and contain a lot of useful substances, for example, protein and fiber.
• These mushrooms tend to grow in large families. It’s not often that you come across mushrooms growing alone.
• Honey fungus is a small mushroom. It has a height of no more than 15 cm. If these mushrooms did not grow large families, they would be difficult to distinguish from ordinary poisonous mushrooms.

• The hat has a hemispherical shape from the very beginning. Over time, the edges of the cap curl, resembling a miniature umbrella. The diameter of the upper part can be from 2 cm to 10 cm. The color of the cap also varies: from beige to reddish. But yellow-red ones are often found again T A.
• The pulp of all representatives of this mushroom is smooth, tender, and has a pale yellowish color. In addition, it is most often wet, as it collects moisture for better viability. The pulp of the mushroom tastes delicious, giving off the taste of raw wood.
• As for the leg, its length can reach up to 15 cm and have a color from light copper to brown. Very often, the stem of honey mushrooms has a “skirt” that connects the top and bottom of the mushrooms, plus it serves as an additional fastening.

When do the first autumn honey mushrooms appear, when do they begin to grow in the forest, in what month?

Can be found at any time of the year. It all depends, first of all, on the variety of mushrooms and on weather conditions. Eg, autumn honey mushrooms They begin to grow around the end of summer, and the last fungus can be seen in early December. Winter honey mushrooms, accordingly, give excellent harvest in the cool period of the year, and spring and those that grow in summer begin to grow when the first warmth arrives.

IMPORTANT: Honey mushrooms grow best in the fall, when it rains - it is at this time that they have enough moisture, therefore, the honey mushroom season is late fall and early spring.

By the way, you probably noticed that when it rains, the number of honey mushrooms increases. This is due to the fact that these mushrooms simply love moisture and they need very damp soil in order to develop well. Temperature not very important during the growth of honey mushrooms, since with the advent of cool weather one type of mushroom grows, and with the advent warm days- another.

They have some distinctive characteristics:

• Many tree species are suitable for mushrooms to germinate. Their approximate number is 200. In some cases, honey mushrooms can even germinate in potatoes. At night, autumn honey mushrooms stand out beautifully: they are illuminated.
• The ideal conditions needed for the growth of honey mushrooms in a damp forest are stumps, for example, birch, aspen, as well as dead wood of some trees.
• The diameter of the cap of the autumn honey mushroom is approximately 16 cm, and the length of the leg is up to 10 cm.

Do autumn honey mushrooms grow in August, September, October, November?

Autumn honey mushrooms like to grow in “flocks”. They grow, as a rule, on stumps, but they can also be found on dead or diseased trees, on healthy bushes, near roads, and in clearings. The period when honey mushrooms grow profusely is short-lived. As a rule, this occurs within 14 days at the beginning of autumn or at the end of autumn.

Autumn mushrooms are divided into 3 categories:

• Autumn real ones
• Tuberous or bulbous
• Late form

Autumn honey mushrooms are very useful:

• Autumn mushrooms contain a lot of copper and zinc. That is why they help fight problems such as hair loss
• Mushrooms have a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract
• Proteins contained in autumn mushrooms slow down the development of cancer
• The powder, which is made from raw autumn mushrooms, destroys negative microflora and is excellent for intestinal disorders.
• A decoction and tincture made from mushroom stems is recommended for liver diseases
• Substances that are part of mushrooms increase the resistance of the human body and normalize the functionality of the immune system.

Autumn, Assumption, winter mushrooms: when do they start to be collected in central Russia, Siberia, Belarus?

We used to call edible honey mushrooms, lamellar mushrooms. Honey mushrooms are considered the most productive and collected mushrooms in the territory Russian Federation, Siberia and Belarus. Typically, these mushrooms tend to end the mushroom season.

In the central parts of Russia, honey mushrooms are often called unusual name"Assumption". And all because the mass gathering falls on a big day religious holiday, namely on the Assumption Holy Mother of God. It is on August 28 that professional mushroom pickers go into the forest for mushrooms, which produce good fruits for 3 weeks.

In many regions there is a second wave, when honey mushrooms bear fruit. Again, it all depends on the climatic and weather conditions of a particular region. In those places, people collect autumn honey mushrooms until the end of October.

As for winter mushrooms, they are considered the latest. Mushrooms are not afraid of frost. They can even freeze and turn into “lenses”. But when they thaw, they do not become overly soft and do not lose their shape. The fruits of winter mushrooms can be collected in late autumn or early December, at a time when there is already snow all around and it is impossible to find other mushrooms.

Honey mushrooms: where do they grow, in which forests?

Often these mushrooms can be found in a ravine, on a stump, near a swamp, or in a damp, impassable forest. They are growing in the northern hemisphere our planet, almost everywhere. There is, however, an exception - honey mushrooms cannot be found in areas where permafrost is present.

• Productivity depends on important factor- forests in which mushrooms live. For example, summer honey mushrooms are found in coniferous forests. But only if there is a mountainous area nearby. Otherwise, honey mushrooms will never settle, since they will not have enough water.
• As for the deciduous forest, here you can easily collect full baskets of mushrooms. Because from just one stump you can collect a lot of mushrooms, which will be enough to prepare soup, second, and appetizers. In such a forest all types of this category of mushrooms are found: winter, summer, autumn and spring.

• In a mixed forest you can also see honey mushrooms, but there are much fewer of them here. It all depends on what area the mushroom chooses to live in - more moisture, larger family.
• For honey mushrooms to grow comfortably, they need a large number of water, plus a warm climate. That is why honey mushrooms are not often found in meadows. Mushrooms do not tolerate direct sunlight; they prefer shade.

But there are cases when honey mushrooms still settle on stumps that are located in the steppes. However, this phenomenon is extremely rare.

Honey mushrooms grow under which and on which trees and stumps of which trees?

The harvest of honey mushrooms primarily depends on the tree under which they grow. Mushrooms love deciduous trees, in particular birch and linden. But it should be remembered that this group mushrooms like to grow exclusively on dead trees and stumps. They can also be found under oak, flax, acacia and other trees.

Now let’s look at all types of honey mushrooms and the trees on which they mainly grow:

• Spring and autumn honey fungus loves most to grow on deciduous trees. They especially prefer trunks that are already damaged and have rot on the surface. In the mountains, summer varieties can be found on spruce trees or on spruce stumps.
• Honey mushrooms that grow on coniferous trees trees, have a bitter taste and dark color. In deciduous forests, summer honey mushrooms are collected from mid-spring until the end of summer. If the climate is favorable, then mushrooms grow without interruption, giving us their nutritious fruits.

• Autumn honey mushrooms are considered the most popular. The honey mushroom likes to live most of all on birch, birch stump, aspen, maple, and oak. As a rule, autumn representatives choose those trees that begin to rot and become sick. Although in some cases, mushrooms choose a completely healthy tree. Autumn honey mushrooms especially like old birch forests with fallen trunks, and swampy birch forests with a large number of rotten wood and stumps.
• Winter mushrooms They also love the stumps of deciduous trees. Mushrooms bear fruit quite abundantly on very tall and thickened logs of trees such as aspen, poplar, and willow. Winter representatives can even settle in gardens where they grow fruit trees, gradually destroying their trunks. Preference is given to: elm, poplar, willow, beech.

How long does it take for honey mushrooms to grow in the forest, and at what speed?

Autumn representatives grow faster than other mushrooms. They can dial full height approximately in 7 days. But the rate of germination of honey mushrooms may still depend on some factors. For example, in order for mushrooms to grow abundantly, they need perfect weather And moderate precipitation. In addition, the condition of the stump or tree also affects growth. If the stump is very rotten, honey mushrooms grow faster. This is because the pores open, through which air and moisture pass well.

Many professional mushroom pickers claim that autumn honey mushrooms can be collected through 3 days. That is, today collect a group of mushrooms, and then return for new party in 3 days. Mycologists say that honey mushrooms grow 5 cm in height in 1 day, with a cap width of about 2 cm. After another 3 days, these indicators change significantly, by approximately 1.5 cm.

If we take wet autumn weather, then honey mushrooms under such conditions grow 3 days after it rains. Scientists have found that mushrooms grow most actively on the 1st day after precipitation. Also, the growth activity of honey mushrooms is affected by fog, which also saturates the soil with moisture.

At what temperature do honey mushrooms grow?

Autumn honey mushrooms know their worth, therefore, they grow at temperatures from 8 degrees Celsius to 13 degrees. If such a temperature falls at the end of summer or beginning of autumn, then the main fruiting of the mushroom will move precisely to this period of the year. If the temperature rises to 15 degrees Celsius, then honey mushrooms may hide.

Do winter mushrooms grow after frost?

Autumn honey mushrooms may not survive frosts, but their winter brothers are not afraid of cold weather. They may become covered with a crust of ice, and after the onset warm weather come alive again and continue to grow. What is surprising is that after such cold they always remain beautiful and elastic.

What honey mushrooms can be collected?

Honey mushrooms are edible and false. We will look at those that you can collect at any time of the year and prepare them for your loved ones.

• Autumn(real). The peak period for mushroom reproduction occurs in September.
• Thick-legged. As a rule, they are considered saprophytes. They grow on rotten stumps or rotten leaves. They love beech and spruce. The growing season is in late summer and late autumn.
• Summer. These mushrooms grow in dense families on rotten deciduous trees. northern latitudes our country.
• Winter. Mushrooms grow on weak trees or dead stumps. The most ideal climatic region is the northern part of the country.

• Spring. They usually grow in tubers. Can be found from early summer to late autumn in small groups in places where there is rotten wood or fallen leaves.
• The rows are yellow-red. These mushrooms are considered conditionally edible. They can only be collected when they are young. But adult representatives have a bitter taste.
• Mucous. Mushrooms are considered edible, but they have almost no taste or smell.
• Meadow. Edible mushrooms belong to category 4. Only the caps are used for food, since the legs are quite tough.
• Garlic. They have a strong garlic smell. People use them dried, instead of seasoning. They can also be boiled and fried. After they undergo heat treatment, they lose the specific smell of garlic.
• Large garlic ones. They grow in large families on fallen leaves, near a stump or rotten beech branches.

You can read more information about the varieties of honey mushrooms. We hope that the information will be useful to you.

Video: Honey mushrooms: where, how and when to collect?

October is also a good month. Just like in September, this month you can collect a decent basket of edible mushrooms, if there were no severe frosts and constant heavy rains. So, under the bright leaves, don’t miss the caps of saffron milk caps, russula, boletus, and moss mushrooms.

And if, after all, slight frosts have already set in in October, then there is no need to despair here either, since greenfinches and greenfinches are not afraid of them.

So, now about every mushroom that grows in autumn forest, we'll tell you in more detail.

• Porcini

One of the most favorite mushrooms is also found in October, but provided that there were no severe frosts. In mushrooms growing in pine forest, it is dark brown, often with a purple tint, in spruce forests it is brown or reddish-brown, in deciduous forests it is lighter. The pulp is white, dense, does not change color, which is especially appreciated. Porcini mushrooms are pickled, salted, dried, and fried, so this mushroom is universal.

• boletus

Another one of our favorite edible mushrooms. And although it is called boletus and essentially should only grow under birch trees, it can be found in almost all deciduous forests. He gravitates towards edges, hillocks, and also towards light. Boletus mushrooms are often used for drying and pickling.

• Ryzhik

Many mushroom pickers do not agree that the king of mushrooms is the boletus mushroom, and put the camelina in first place. It can be found in young pine trees that grow along the grassy edges of older ones pine forests. This mushroom is quite recognizable. It is a bright, orange-red mushroom with concentric darker orange zones. Ryzhiki is a valuable mushroom; even when pickled, it does not lose its color, and, in addition, has excellent taste.

• Oyster mushroom

Oyster mushroom is considered one of the most popular mushrooms that grow in late autumn and are not afraid of cold weather. Sometimes they grow even until December. Oyster mushrooms can be found on aspen, poplar, oak or birch, as well as on rotten stumps. What to do with this mushroom? Usually it is salted, fried, pickled.

• Winter mushrooms

Winter mushrooms are an excellent edible find for avid mushroom pickers who love to go mushroom picking even in October. Some even believe that winter mushrooms are tastier than autumn ones. Whether this is true or not, you can check for yourself by going to the forest in October. What do they do with them? Yes, as usual: salted, fried, marinated.

• Row purple

This autumn mushroom also quite popular among mushroom pickers. You can easily recognize it by its purple hat. Interestingly, this mushroom is also not afraid of cold weather, so it grows until December. Ryadovka is most often pickled, fried or salted, depending on your preference.

• Talker

Talker mushroom is a fairly popular edible mushroom, although some believe it can cause distress in some people. But this can be avoided if you boil the mushrooms thoroughly and then drain all the water. The talker is “friends” with the row, which is why you can often see them together in one place. Govorushki are salted, pickled and fried. They grow even in November.

• Garlic

Garlic is an edible mushroom that is famous for its garlicky aroma, which is unusual for a mushroom. Therefore, it is often used as a seasoning instead of garlic. When dried, it retains its aroma. Where can you find this garlic substitute? Look on the stumps. By the way, it also grows until the end of November.

• Volnushka

Volnushka grows in the most different forests, but, as a rule, most often in a birch forest. Often mushroom pickers do not collect the mushroom and avoid it. And all because you have to tinker with it a little when cooking, because if you don’t soak it, it will be bitter. But if you still devote time to this mushroom, it will pleasantly surprise you with its taste. Moreover, the volushki make very decent pickles, which are eaten once or twice in winter.

• Greenfinch

Greenfinch is a very tasty edible mushroom that forms a mycelium with pine. Greenfinch can also be found in November.

• Common chanterelles

Chanterelles are one of the most beloved and famous mushrooms, which is almost never wormy. In mid-October, young chanterelles begin to appear, you just need to notice them under the withered foliage. Sometimes they grow until December.

• Trembling orange

Trembling is a rather original mushroom for real gourmets. It is known for its smooth, jelly-like consistency as well as its vibrant orange. From the tremors you can make an omelette that literally melts in your mouth or a delicious, tender soup. This mushroom grows not only in October, but throughout the winter to the delight of mushroom pickers. The best place to look for the mushroom is in the hazel tree on dead branches.

• Ice mushroom

Another original edible mushroom, characterized by a gelatinous consistency. Its cap is decorated with translucent spines. Unfortunately, the ice mushroom is quite rare and quite difficult to find.

About heels we call one of the varieties of edible agaric mushrooms, autumn honey mushrooms. These are the most productive and collected honey mushrooms, among the most common summer honey mushrooms and winter. Scientific name of the mushroom “true honey fungus” or “autumn honey fungus” (Armillariella mellea) . Usually autumn honey mushrooms end mushroom season. IN Central Russia they are often called “Assumption” for their massive appearance at the end of August, just on the feast of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary (August 28). On this day, experienced mushroom pickers go to the forest for the first autumn honey mushrooms, which bear fruit from then on for two to three weeks. In a dry summer, the first wave of fruiting may go unnoticed or move more late date. In some regions, and the honey fungus is widespread throughout the entire Northern Hemisphere except permafrost and tropical latitudes, there is a second and even third wave of honey mushroom fruiting, depending on the weather and climatic conditions terrain. There, autumn honey mushrooms are collected until mid-October.

In the photo: autumn honey mushrooms (true honey fungus, Armillariella mellea). On the following pages, see other photos of autumn honey mushrooms.

When and how to collect autumn honey mushrooms.

The generosity with which the forest gifts us with these fragrant mushrooms can satisfy everyone, so the appearance of honey mushrooms is eagerly awaited. Collecting honey mushrooms is a real pleasure. They meet in families, so they manage to pick up a lot of mushrooms at once, sometimes not even carrying them away at once. Behind the honey mushrooms comes the real “ silent hunt" - Who is first? attacked mushroom place– cut off all the mushrooms at once. Returning again, you may not find them - there are many “hunters”. And those cut and laid under a bush, sprinkled with grass and branches, will go unnoticed and will wait for your second arrival. But this is only if you want to process so many mushrooms later, and you know how to navigate the forest.

Honey mushrooms are well transported. Placed in large baskets, buckets, bags, car trunks and whatever is at hand at that moment, they are safely delivered to the recycling site. The main thing is to cook them quickly and scatter them so that they don’t “burn.” In cooking, the caps and legs of young honey mushrooms are often used. However, some mushroom pickers prefer to collect mature mushrooms with a large cap. “There’s something to pick up with a fork!” - they say. From large honey mushrooms, only the caps are collected; their legs are hard and not suitable for food. Overgrown honey mushrooms or collected during prolonged rainy weather partially lose their attractiveness. appearance, mushroom aroma and taste qualities, but they are still good fried, boiled and pickled. Inexperienced mushroom pickers may confuse autumn honey mushrooms with similar false mushrooms. Therefore you need to know them features.

The mushroom season begins in mid-April - early May. On the northern slopes of ravines, in forest thickets, where the sun rarely peeks, there is still snow, and on the edges of broad-leaved and deciduous forests, warmed by the sun, in clearings and along forest roads, morels appear. Massive growth of morels is observed from the first to the third ten days of May. At the same time, you can collect the lines. These mushrooms love pine forests and settle in clearings and roadsides on sandy soil.

Fresh morels and strings are poisonous. Before eating, they are carefully processed: boiled 2-3 times, draining the broth, or dried.

In early June, the mushroom picker will encounter the first russula. There are many varieties of russula. These are the most productive mushrooms and can be collected until late autumn. Russulas are easy prey; in other parts of the forest there are a lot of them, and it seems that extraordinary flowers of the most varied colors and shades have grown in the emerald greenery.

In June, you need to look into the birch forests if you want the basket to be filled with the first boletus mushrooms, and in the sparse, light-colored pine forests you can collect boletus. At this time, green moss mushrooms are also common in the forest. From the second half of June, the growth of mushrooms increases noticeably: more than 15 species of cap mushrooms can already be found in the forest.

IN pine forests, overgrown with heather, aspen and often birch forests, very noticeable mushrooms appear - aspen boletuses. Their red hat is visible from a distance on the green carpet. These mushrooms grow until late autumn, but most of them occur from the first ten days of August to the second ten days of October. In June, when the first warm rains pass, chanterelles will appear in abundance, settling in cheerful flocks on grassy and mossy forest clearings. At this time, you can look for the king of mushrooms, the boletus, in the light pine forest, and in early July, porcini mushrooms also appear in birch forests.

In June, pigs are found, mushrooms are found in forest clearings and edges, and in July, families of milk mushrooms begin to be found in coniferous, birch and birch forests. You need to take a closer look at the hummocks, because under a layer of last year’s needles and leaves, the mushroom often hides from the eyes of the mushroom picker.

August is considered the most mushroom month, of course, and its best gift is saffron milk caps. From the first days of the month they pour out in the young growth of spruce and pine forests. The second half of August and the first ten days of September is a golden time for a mushroom picker: just have time to collect abundant harvests of mushrooms that are valuable for drying, salting and pickling. At this time there are a lot of boletus, boletus, boletus, saffron milk caps, and milk mushrooms. Less valuable mushrooms also grow - volnushki, ryadovki, podgruzdki. In August you can find autumn honey mushrooms, but their time has not yet come. There are many honey mushrooms in September, when other mushrooms begin to disappear. The sky is frowning more and more often, watering the thinned forest with fine cold rain. Fallen leaves are everywhere - a flowery outfit of autumn, among which it is already difficult to find a mushroom, but honey mushrooms are in plain sight. Having surrounded the stump, they climb up in a crowd, as if they were damp and cold on the ground. Before the first snow, you can carry baskets full of these tasty and clean mushrooms from the forest.

The mushroom calendar is capricious. Not one year coincides with another in terms of the number of types of mushrooms and their yield. Only the order in which mushrooms appear is almost constant.

A real mushroom picker meets the sun in the forest with trophies in a basket. Early in the morning, when there are no obliques yet sun rays, the mushroom is clearer. Those who are late can only get overgrown mushrooms and trimmed mushroom stems. Walk slowly through the forest, some will run around it and return home with an empty basket, but mushrooms love to play hide and seek. Under a thick branch, in moss, among a heap of leaves, they often hide from the eyes of mushroom pickers, especially after a summer dry wind. IN rainy summer mushrooms settle in clearings and along forest edges. If you find a mushroom, then circle around: mushrooms often grow in groups. There is no need to pull the mushroom out of the ground by the roots; it is better to cut it with a knife without scattering the forest floor. If you save the mycelium, you will get good harvest and in the future.

The Russian writer S. T. Aksakov wrote that mushrooms have favorite places where they will certainly be born every year in larger or smaller quantities. And he had such places in mind; he would not come from the forest without mushrooms. “I always have a lot of spotted mushrooms, mostly white,” said Aksakov, “and I take them at the age that I need, or leave them to reach their full development and beauty.”

(S. T. Aksakov. Collected works, vol. 4. M., ed. art literature, 1956, pp. 594-595.)

It is best to collect mushrooms in baskets made of willow twigs, placing them with their caps down or sideways if the mushrooms have long stems. In buckets due to lack of inflow fresh air mushrooms can “burn” and spoil. You cannot collect mushrooms in backpacks and bags - in these containers they wrinkle and crumble.

Brought home fresh mushrooms They must be immediately sorted, cleaned and processed; they cannot be stored.

Who, in an exciting mushroom hunt, has not had to wander through an unfamiliar forest, looking for the way to home! Of course, it’s good to have a compass with you, but it’s not always at hand. Therefore, when picking mushrooms, you should often pay attention to the features of the area: a noticeable tree, clearings, bends in the road, etc. It is useful to look back occasionally to remember the way back from the forest.

At night it is easy to navigate by the moon. Full moon opposes the sun, which means that at 7 o'clock. it is in the west, at midnight - in the south and at 19 o'clock. - in the east. A straight line drawn through the two outermost stars Ursa Major, having the shape of a bucket, will pass to the bright Polar Star, which is always in the north in our hemisphere.

A lonely tree's crown is always thicker and more luxuriant on the south side. On sections of stumps, the thickness of annual rings is wider towards the south. Resin appears on the trunks of pine trees on the southern side, and moss and lichens grow on stones and trees on the northern side. Anthills are usually located on the south side of a tree or stump.

The sides of the horizon can be easily determined using a watch. To do this, the hour hand is directed towards the sun.

A line running from the center of the clock through the middle of the angle formed by the hour hand and the direction of the number 1 will indicate where north and south are. Before lunch, south will be to the right of the clockwise direction, and after lunch, to the left. Exactly at 13 o'clock. the sun is in the south. The minute hand is not taken into account. The watch should be kept in a horizontal position.

Nature can help the mushroom picker determine the weather for the coming days. Before bad weather, wood sorrel and wood groats are drooping, meadow clover is folding its leaves, sweet clover is smelling strongly, and the flowers of dandelion, thistle and coltsfoot are closing. Yellow acacia flowers usually have a strong scent in the evening. If their aroma is felt on a sunny morning, it means a thunderstorm.

When going to the forest to pick mushrooms, pay attention to your flower garden. Morning glory, mallow, marigolds have folded their petals and seem to have withered - which means it will rain and you need to put on rubber boots and take a raincoat with you.