Using ob_start when supporting php projects. Ob_start - Enable output buffering Man knows search php start

As I understand it, the site will be created without using a framework? And then my familiar developers buzzed all my ears that I need to study the Yii framework.

2) That's what I wanted to ask .. An example of creating an online store, which is considered in the course, is it more academic? Real commercial projects are probably created using frameworks, because this greatly streamlines the development process through the use of generic code templates. An answer to this question would help clarify what's going on... PHP Start | Practice is still worth going through in order to understand the general logic?

Answer:

1) Familiar business is correct, I also think so. But any framework requires preparation, for example, knowledge of . When I built the MVC system in practice, I tried to follow the approaches that are used in frameworks. Because PHP Start (theory and practice) will help with the preparation, after it you can safely start learning yii2 (or something similar).

Project repository address:

Question #1:

I can't get rid of the error:

Notice: Use of undefined constant _FILE_ - assumed "_FILE_" in /Users/Elios/Sites/Test/index.php on line 10

Tell me, what could it be?

Answer:

Before and after FILE you need to write 2 characters _

__FILE__ belongs to the "magic" PHP constants. More details here.

Start.search.us.com is just another website that can easily start unwanted redirects and block your access to Google, Bing, Yahoo and other search engines. This is because it uses a browser hijacker that, once infiltrated, changes various system settings. In most cases, this site appears in place of the start page, default search engine, and new tabs. It appears in all installed browsers, so changing the browser will not help in this situation. If you want to get rid of redirects to Start.search.us.com, we recommend checking your computer for browser hijackers. In addition, to completely get rid of this virus, you also need to reset the settings of all your browsers.

What is Start.search.us.com?

If you are constantly redirected to start.search.us.com, there is a possibility that your computer is infected with a browser hijacker. However, there are a large number of free programs that advertise such search sites, so you should be careful when downloading them to your computer. Once the hijacker gets inside, it changes the default search engine, start page, etc. All this is done with one goal - to increase the number of visitors to the right sites. In addition, it may also track your browsing activities and send this information to third parties. Please do not ignore redirects to Start.search.us.com and remove the browser hijacker responsible for this.

How to remove Start.search.us.com?

To remove Start.search.us.com, follow these steps:

You can remove the virus automatically using one of these programs: , , . We recommend these applications because they detect potentially unwanted programs and viruses with all their files and registry entries associated with them.

Sentence

Compatible with Microsoft Windows

Hey Habr!

Today I'd like to introduce beginner webmasters to a variety of neat ways to use output buffering in php. Experienced webmasters are unlikely to find something useful here. Although - who knows?

As you all know, output buffering in php is controlled by a set of functions beginning with "ob_". The most important one is ob_start. When launched, it collects the subsequent output, that is, all kinds of print (), echo and so on, which will then be given to the visitor in the form of an html page. And if, before displaying, we started buffering, then with this almost finished page, it will be possible to finally do something.

For example, we want to filter out all links to external sites.

On our forum, ancient as an ax of Australopithecus, a great number of spammers swarm, luring the visitor to places filled with debauchery, one-armed bandits and political agitation. We could use js with tracking, but instead we want to change all those links to:

"http://blackjack-hookers.com" => "http://myoldforum.ru/redirect.php?url=blackjack-hookers.com"

The method may not be the most effective, but effective. We have written redirect.php with a filter and a blacklist, and now we need to convert all links on thousands of forum pages. With the help of ob_start and a couple of regular expressions, we can do this in just a few lines:

Function f_callback($buffer)( $buffer = preg_replace("#http://(www.)?myoldforum\.ru/#","/",$buffer); $buffer = preg_replace("#href="http ://([^"]*)"#","#href="/redirect\.php\?url=$1",$buffer); return $buffer; ) ob_start(f_callback);

Now, by including this code at the beginning of index.php, or another file that the server accesses when viewing pages, we get what we need.

By changing the content in this way, we are not limited by the methods of the engine. This is very valuable. You can, for example, add a plugin:

Function generate_plugin()( /*generate something*/ ) function f_callback($buffer)( /*...*/ $buffer = str_replace ("",generate_plugin(),$buffer); /*...*/ return $buffer; ) ob_start("f_callback");

Now, where we added to the content, what we wanted to receive will appear. One of the uses is to insert a js widget on a website page. For example, Yandex maps. Usually this is not difficult, but sometimes a poorly written website page editor escapes quotes and curly braces, breaking the widget. As you can see, this problem is easily solved.

The php toolkit for working with the output buffer is rich, and is not limited to ob_start alone. The above techniques are in some cases unnecessarily resource-intensive and cumbersome, since they operate on the entire page. We can process only part of it by creating a wrapper in the template around the generation of something that we don’t want to get into the wilds, but that we definitely need to fix:

(GENERATE BIG CRAZY THING)

You must have already noticed all these turns: “I don’t want to climb”, “ancient as a tyrannosaurus chair”, “crooked editor” ... In an ideal world, shells around the output buffer are not needed. Anything that can be done with ob_start could theoretically be done without it. This technique sometimes confuses the code of the project, many see its point only in giving the output to ob_gzhandler for compression, and consider its use in other cases dangerous. But often, output control is simply indispensable.

Especially if you don't want to dig deep.

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

ob_start- Enabling Output Buffering

Description

Bool ob_start ([ callable$output_callback = NULL [, int $chunk_size = 0 [, int $flags = PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_STDFLAGS ]]])

This feature enables output buffering. If output buffering is active, script output is not sent (except headers), but stored in an internal buffer.

The contents of this internal buffer can be copied into a string variable using ob_get_contents(). To display the contents of the internal buffer, use ob_end_flush(). Alternatively, you can use ob_end_clean() to destroy the contents of the buffer.

Attention

Some web servers (like Apache) change the script's working directory when the callback function is called. You can bring it back using chdir(dirname($_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"])) in the callback function.

Output buffers are pushed onto the stack, i.e. it is allowed to call ob_start() after calling another active ob_start(). In this case, it is necessary to call ob_end_flush() the appropriate number of times. If multiple callbacks are active, the output is filtered sequentially for each one in nesting order.

Parameter List

You can set an optional parameter output_callback . This function takes a string as an argument and must also return a string. It is called on reset (submit) or cleanup (using ob_flush(), ob_clean() or similar functions) or if the output buffer is flushed to the browser at the end of the request. When the output_callback function is called, it receives the contents of the buffer and must return the updated contents for the output buffer to be sent to the browser. If output_callback is not a valid function, then the documented function will return FALSE. Function description for this parameter:

String handler (string $buffer [, int $phase ])

Buffer The contents of the output buffer. phase Bitmask of constants PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_*.

If output_callback returns FALSE, then the original information will be sent to the browser unchanged.

The output_callback parameter can be ignored by passing a value NULL.

ob_end_clean(), ob_end_flush(), ob_clean(), ob_flush() And ob_start() cannot be called from callback functions because their behavior is unpredictable. If you want to delete the contents of the buffer, then return "" (an empty string) from the callback function. You also can't call functions. print_r($expression, true) or highlight_file($filename, true) from output buffering callback functions.

Comment:

In PHP 4.0.4 the function ob_gzhandler() was introduced to facilitate sending gz-encoded data to web browsers that support compressed web pages. ob_gzhandler() determines the type of content encoding accepted by the browser and returns the output appropriately.

If the optional parameter chunk_size is passed, then the buffer will be flushed after any output greater than or equal in size to chunk_size . Default value 0 means that the output function will be called when the buffer is closed.

Prior to PHP 5.4.0, the value 1 was a special value that set the parameter chunk_size in 4096.

The flags parameter is a bitmask that controls the operations that can be performed on the output buffer. By default, it allows the output buffer to be flushed, flushed, and deleted, which is the same as | | , or PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_STDFLAGS as an abbreviation for this combination.

Each flag controls access to a set of functions, as described below:

Return Values

returns TRUE upon successful completion or FALSE in case of an error.

List of changes

Examples

Beispiel #1 User defined callback example

Function callback ($buffer )
{
// replace all apples with oranges
return (str_replace("apples" , "oranges" , $buffer ));
}

Ob_start("callback");

?>

It's like comparing apples and oranges.

ob_end_flush();

Start Search is a browser hijacker, which is promoted via other free downloads, and once installed it will change your browser homepage to start-search.com search.yahoo.com.

The start-search.com homepage will display advertisements and sponsored links in your search results, and may collect search terms from your search queries. The start-search.com hijack is used to boost advertising revenue, as in the use of blackhat SEO, to inflate a site’s page ranking in search results.

Start Search it’s technically not a virus, but it does exhibit plenty of malicious traits, such as rootkit capabilities to hook deep into the operating system, browser hijacking, and in general just interfering with the user experience. The industry generally refers to it as a “PUP,” or potentially unwanted program.
Start Search is an ad-supported (users may additional banner, search, pop-up, pop-under, interstitial and in-text link advertisements) cross web browser plugin for Internet Explorer (BHO) and Firefox/Chrome (plugin) and distributed through various monetization platforms during installation. The browser extension various features that will modify the default or custom settings of the browser including the home page, search settings and in some cases will modify Internet Explorer's load time threshold, place a lock file within Firefox to prevent competing software from changing its settings as well as disable the browser's Content Security Policy in order to allow for cross site scripting of the plugin.

Start Search homepage got on your computer after you have installed a freeware software (video recording/streaming, download-managers or PDF creators) that had bundled into their installation this browser hijacker.
For example, when you install VPlay, you will also agree to change your browser homepage to start-search.com and default search engine to search.yahoo.com


However when you uninstall VPlay from your computer, your web browser’s default settings will not be restored. This means that you’ll have to remove start-search.com homepage from your favorite web browser manually.

You should always pay attention when installing software because often, a software installer includes optional installs, such as this start-search.com browser hijacker. Be very careful what you agree to install.
Always opt for the custom installation and deselect anything that is not familiar, especially optional software that you never wanted to download and install in the first place. It goes without saying that you should not install software that you don't trust.

How to remove start-search.com (Virus Removal Guide)

This page is a comprehensive guide, which will remove start-search.com from your Internet Explorer, Firefox and Google Chrome.
Please perform all the steps in the correct order. If you have any questions or doubts at any point, STOP and ask for our assistance.

STEP 1: Uninstall start-search.com malicious programs from your computer

In this first step, we will try to identify and remove any malicious program that might be installed on your computer.

If you are having issues while trying to uninstall the start-search.com program, you can use to completely remove this unwanted program from your machine.

STEP 2: Remove start-search.com virus from Internet Explorer, Firefox and Google Chrome

Remove start-search.com virus from Internet Explorer

You can reset Internet Explorer settings to return them to the state they were in when Internet Explorer was first installed on your PC.

Remove start-search.com virus from Mozilla Firefox

If you're having problems with Firefox, resetting it can help. The reset feature fixes many issues by restoring Firefox to its factory default state while saving your essential information like bookmarks, passwords, web form auto-fill information, browsing history and open tabs.

note: Your old Firefox profile will be placed on your desktop in a folder named “ Old Firefox Data“. If the reset didn't fix your problem you can restore some of the information not saved by copying files to the new profile that was created. If you don't need this folder any longer, you should delete it as it contains sensitive information.

Remove start-search.com virus from Google Chrome

STEP 3: Remove start-search.com browser hijacker with AdwCleaner

The AdwCleaner utility will scan your computer and web browser for the “start-search.com” malicious files, browser extensions and registry keys, that may have been installed on your computer without your knowledge.

STEP 4: Remove start-search.com virus from your computer with Malwarebytes Anti-Malware Free

Malwarebytes Anti-Malware Free uses industry-leading technology to detect and remove all traces of malware, including worms, Trojans, rootkits, rogues, dialers, spyware, and more.
It is important to note that Malwarebytes Anti-Malware works well and should run alongside antivirus software without conflicts.

1. You can download download Malwarebytes Anti-Malware from the link below.
   (This link will open a new web page from where you can download Malwarebytes Anti-Malware Free)
2. Once downloaded, close all programs, then double-click on the icon on your desktop named “ mbam-setup-consumer-2.00.xx” to start the installation of Malwarebytes Anti-Malware.
   
   You may be presented with a User Account Control dialog asking you if you want to run this file. If this happens, you should click Yes” to continue with the installation.
3. When the installation begins, you will see the which will guide you through the installation process.
   
   
   To install Malwarebytes Anti-Malware on your machine, keep following the prompts by clicking the" Next”button.
   
   
4. Once installed, Malwarebytes Anti-Malware will automatically start and you will see a message stating that you should update the program, and that a scan has never been run on your system. To start a system scan you can click on the “ Fix Now”button.
   
   
   alternatively, you can click on the “ Scan”tab and select” Threat Scan“, then click on the "Scan Now" button.
   
   
5. Malwarebytes Anti-Malware will now check for updates, and if there are any, you will need to click on the “ Update Now”button.
   
   
6. Malwarebytes Anti-Malware will now start scanning your computer for the start-search.com virus. When Malwarebytes Anti-Malware is scanning it will look like the image below.
   
   
7. When the scan has completed, you will now be presented with a screen showing you the malware infections that Malwarebytes’ Anti-Malware has detected. To remove the malicious programs that Malwarebytes Anti-malware has found, click on the “ Quarantine All” button, and then click on the “ apply now”button.
   
   
   Please note that the infections found may be different than what is shown in the image.
8. Malwarebytes Anti-Malware will now quarantine all the malicious files and registry keys that it has found. When removing the files, Malwarebytes Anti-Malware may require a reboot in order to remove some of them. If it displays a message stating that it needs to reboot your computer, please allow it to do so.
   
   
   After your computer will restart, you should open Malwarebytes Anti-Malware and perform another “Threat Scan” scan to verify that there are no remaining threats

STEP 5: Double check for the start-search.com infection with HitmanPro

HitmanPro is a second opinion scanner, designed to rescue your computer from malware (viruses, trojans, rootkits, etc.) that have infected your computer despite all the security measures you have taken (such as anti virus software, firewalls, etc.). HitmanPro is designed to work alongside existing security programs without any conflicts. It scans the computer quickly (less than 5 minutes) and does not slow down the computer.