Waste recycling and sorting business. Turning garbage into money, or how to open your own waste recycling plant

Garbage sorting as a business will help you get good profit almost out of the blue. This will require certain equipment and you will have to master one of the technologies for its processing. This way, you will learn how to make money on what people usually throw in the trash.

And in this case, the success of an enterprise depends not so much on competitors or the level of demand for any goods, but on the correct organization of a generally useful and important matter. To do this, you just need to decide on the types of waste and the final product for production.

Relevance of the idea

Briefly list the main advantages of this project, then the following stand out:

1. Garbage is literally lying underfoot and raw materials are never transferred. It has been established that on average a person throws out about 250 kg of various substances per year. solid waste. Of these, 60% are suitable for sorting and further processing. At the same time, for a business owner, such a product costs pennies.
2. This direction is environmental and helps to preserve nature. Caring for the environment can be an additional incentive, and will also definitely attract approval from people.
3. There is practically no competition in this business. We can safely say that in almost all cities of our country the problem with the removal and storage of garbage is greatly aggravated. This should be done by city authorities, but usually they lack the funds or the will.
4. The next point follows from this - for a novice entrepreneur in in this direction all support from the state is provided.
5. When installing even a small workshop with a narrow specialization, you can achieve colossal profits for short period. The profitability of the idea is estimated at almost 80%.
6. Various types of recyclable materials are in demand at many factories, so there will be no problems with the sale of products at any stage of sorting and processing.

Of course, there are also disadvantages in such a case. These include the high cost of a waste sorting complex, the length and complexity of obtaining permits, as well as the need to mostly use manual labor.

But it should be clarified that the amount of capital investment and the entire process of organizing a business will differ depending on the type of waste chosen, the method of sorting it and future plans for processing. For example, you can only sell recyclable materials and get good money for it. But if you create a full-fledged complex with which you can produce finished goods from similar raw materials, then profits will increase significantly.

Where to begin?

At the first stage, some difficulties will arise. And although the state supports entrepreneurs in this direction, the duration of registration and execution of various documents will require some effort and patience.

The Law “On Environmental Expertise” provides for the availability of licenses for each stage of action - collection, sorting, transportation, processing, etc. This will take some time, but after the examination you will receive a conclusion that is valid for the entire period of activity. They receive such a document from Rosprirodnadzor, having previously registered with the tax office as individual entrepreneur or legal entity.

When arranging a premises or territory for conducting activities, you must also obtain permits from the sanitary-epidemiological station, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Rostechnadzor and Rospotrebnadzor. When purchasing equipment for processing or sorting recyclables, you must have certificates for each element of the automated line, as well as certain documents for vehicle.

When hiring personnel, they enter into employment contracts and register as an employer with the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Fund. The entire process of collecting documents will require a long wait - up to several months. But there shouldn’t be any particular difficulties.

Types of garbage

Waste can be divided into the following main categories:

• paper – waste paper;
• rubber – mostly related to car tires;
• plastic – various products from polymers and other similar materials;
• glass containers – both whole and broken;
• wood waste - sawdust, etc.;
• metals.

As an entrepreneur, you can choose what to do:

1. Only by sorting waste and selling it as recyclable materials for factories.
2. Partially process waste to obtain simple semi-finished products that other manufacturers will use for their own needs.
3. Or install a full cycle and start processing and manufacturing any products.

Also evaluate your financial capabilities - what equipment will be enough for the available funds - for several small processing shops at once various types waste or you can focus on only one direction.

What do you get from garbage? The most common options are:

• Car tires are recycled crumb rubber, which is later used when laying roads, asphalt, etc.
• Cullet is melted down and beautiful glass granules are obtained; they are used in the production of abrasive particles, coatings, ceramic products, etc.
• Polymer materials pressed into blocks.
• Construction waste is very diverse; metal particles are extracted from it, recycled crushed stone and even brick can be reused.
• After processing, wood waste becomes chipboards, which are subsequently actively used in furniture production.
• Waste paper actually helps preserve the forest, since it is used to create a lot of different paper products– from packaging to toilet paper.

Technology and equipment

Please understand that much of the sorting work is done manually. The machine will not be able to separate some waste from others. But for further processing, pressing, melting and other processes, special devices are used. They can be semi-automatic or automatic. The latter cost twice as much, but help you save on wages due to fewer operators, and also significantly speeds up production.

To understand where to choose from the entire available list of equipment, you must first decide on the type of waste you are going to work with and the product you will sell. Obviously, different installations are needed for recycling waste paper and plastic.

So, for rubber waste you will need:

1. Sidewall cutting machines.
2. Devices for separating material into strips.
3. Installations for squeezing the ring.
4. Chopping machines.
5. Rollers for obtaining crumbs.
6. Magnetic separator.
7. Belt conveyor.

Wood waste is processed by other devices:

• granulators;
• presses;
• machines for cleaning and hydroprocessing, etc.

Where to get raw materials?

If you evaluate even at home or examine any average city resident’s bucket, then it contains about half of polymer and plastic materials, slightly less direct food waste, and 10-20% of waste paper, metal, rubber, textiles, etc.

To collect partially sorted waste, you can install special bins near each house with marks where to throw away plastic bottles, glass, paper, etc. Western countries This sorting is carried out personally by each person, and the garbage is initially thrown into different containers. It makes it a lot easier further work with waste.

If you are focused on activities with a certain type of raw material, for example, glass containers, metal or tires, then you can organize the reception of such products in a separate room. The main thing is that it is within walking distance for those living in a residential area.

When working with building materials, you can agree on the removal of solid waste with construction companies or private home owners who are building their own housing on their own. When collecting car tires, you should establish contact with a tire shop and service station. By involving local authorities in this process, it is possible to achieve a constant supply of raw materials for sorting and processing.

Workshop setup

Garbage must be collected and transported somewhere to one place, where all the required stages of sorting and processing are then carried out with it. To do this, you will need to build or rent a fairly spacious room somewhere on the outskirts of the city or even outside it.

The total area with the established overproduction cycle must be at least 1200 square meters. m. Of this, half is allocated for the waste sorting complex, 300-400 sq. m. - for raw material processing devices and at least 200 sq. m. for a warehouse where finished products are stored.

Be sure to allocate some space for utility rooms and staff, a bathroom, etc. If there is also an administrative building here, it will be equipped separately and all office furniture and equipment will be installed.

Staff

To perform manual sorting work, 20-40 low-skilled workers will be required. Their exact quantity will depend on the volume of extracted raw materials and the required processing speed. Operators or adjusters are also needed to monitor the activities of processing machines.

To provide other functions, a cleaner, accountant, driver and sales manager are hired. Some types of activities can be partially carried out by the owner himself or some of the work can be outsourced. This will save costs on wages and social contributions.

Sales of recyclable materials and finished goods

Depending on what exactly it will be final result sorting plant or processing plant, the distribution channels for the products are also different. Thus, any recyclable materials and semi-finished products will be gladly purchased by the corresponding factories that use them in production. If we talk about finished goods, then they can be sold directly to wholesale or retail outlets.

But here it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the activity. So, when working with cullet and producing granules or abrasives, you can cooperate with factories for the production of glass, ceramic and other products. If you recycle paper and create packaging, then they are immediately sold to retail chains that require a similar product. When processing plant waste the resulting fertilizers are sold to agricultural land, etc.

Financial part

Before you engage in such activities, you need to calculate all the costs and draw up a competent business plan. The amount spent at the start will significantly depend on the chosen direction and the completeness of the processing complex. So, if you count on a small workshop for processing one type of waste, then the initial investment will be limited to 100-300 thousand dollars.

When creating a full-fledged plant where all types of waste are sorted and processed in some way, you can spend several million.

The profitability of such a project is quite high and ranges from 40-80%. If you receive raw materials almost free of charge, then any output product is estimated at 10-40 thousand rubles per ton.

By average standards, the monthly income of such an enterprise will be at least 150,000, or even more. It all depends on the type of production and the type of raw materials. Therefore, opening a waste sorting business turns out to be not only useful for society, but also a profitable project for the owner himself.

Video: how is waste sorted and recycled in Germany?

♦ Capital investments: from $50,000.
♦ Payback: from 2 months.

Waste recycling as a business considered interesting and potentially profitable area due to several factors.

First of all, there is minimal competition.

Despite favorable conditions To create a processing business and develop it, not many entrepreneurs are currently investing money and effort in the development of this industry.

In addition, the amount of raw materials allows us to “expand” - people produce more and more waste every day, and conventional disposal methods are outdated (detailed statistics can be studied below).

This business is also favorable in terms of payback periods.

According to statistics, a similar enterprise in Russia, launched from scratch, will pay for itself within two months!

This is an excellent indicator for business.

In this case, the profitability will be around 20-50%.

Typically, processed raw materials are sold to related production.

But if they wish, entrepreneurs can expand their scope of activity and begin to produce their own products from recycled secondary raw materials.

And these are additional prospects for development.

As you can see, you can find continuous advantages in such a business.

Therefore, you can safely consider your progress in this direction.

The main disadvantage is that organizing a processing plant in Russia will cost you at least $20,000,000.

But you can get by with fewer sacrifices if you recycle only one type of waste (batteries, wood waste, glass).

Creating one workshop will cost you $50,000-250,000.

How much waste do people produce?

According to statistics, in different countries produce different number waste.

And, of course, the data will differ depending on the types of settlements.

For example, in villages where people practically do not buy food in plastic and plastic packaging, the numbers will be radically different.

But for an average city in Russia, the amount of waste will be about 250 kilograms per year.

With all these indicators, the accepted scheme for waste disposal (removal - landfill - reclamation) has long lost its relevance.

Moreover, it is even recognized as dangerous to human health.

All this makes the waste recycling business a very relevant idea.

What will it take to start a waste recycling business?

Interesting fact:
Even in religion, garbage left its mark. The thing is that near Jerusalem there was a small piece of land where, as a rule, garbage was dumped and then burned. In the Bible it is called the Fire Hyena. Subsequently, for Christians, Gienna became a symbol of Hell.

To open a business from scratch in Russia that will bring you income from garbage, you need quite a bit:

• First of all, to open a waste recycling business, you need an appropriate license.
• A plot of land (required - outside the city); permission for it is issued by the local government authority.
  In this area it is necessary to equip appropriate premises for warehouses and production.
• Necessary Technical equipment for waste treatment.
  The equipment will depend on the types of raw materials processed (recycling of batteries, glass, wood waste).
• To run a waste recycling business, it is important to select qualified personnel.
• Transport for transporting waste is also needed.

What goals should you indicate in terms of organizing a waste recycling business?

To open any business project, and even more so to launch a plant, it is necessary to draw up a business plan.

One of its most important points is the goals of implementing the idea.

For this industry they will be:

• Obtaining new components for the production of goods in certain areas: bottles are made from glass that are not inferior in quality to new ones; from wood waste - fuel or cheap furniture, plywood.
• Counteracting the accumulating mountains of garbage and the increase in landfill area.
  This allows us to normalize the sanitary living conditions of people in nearby areas.
• Disposal hazardous waste– caring for the ecology of the region.
  In the shell of the simplest and most common batteries, for example, lies great danger.
  Heavy metals entering the environment can damage both land and water.

How much does it cost to open a waste recycling plant?

To open a serious waste recycling business, you need to put a plant into operation.

The ideal location for it is near city garbage dumps.

In order to process several types of waste at once, you will need to invest a very large amount.

Not every entrepreneur can afford this.

But if you limit yourself to processing only glass, batteries or wood waste, business expenses can be reduced.

Let's calculate how much it will cost to open a waste recycling plant:

Business expense item	Approximate amount (RUB)
Construction of a complex (factory) from scratch	20 000 000
Arrangement of premises	60 000 – 300 000
Bringing it into compliance with sanitary standards	100 000 – 200 000
Purchase of equipment for processing glass, batteries, wood waste	55 000 – 70 000$
Payment of utility services	50 000 – 100 000
Salary to employees	Depends on staff size

Even if the funds allow you to open a plant for integrated waste processing, it is still better to choose a narrower direction.

Combination is expensive not only in financially, but also because of the complexity of organizing this process.

Which business sector should you choose in waste processing?

As you already understand, it is worth highlighting only one, or maximum two related areas in the waste processing industry.

Which ones are the most attractive?

Battery recycling

The collection and recycling of this type of waste began relatively recently.

And at the moment there are not many companies doing this.

First of all, because this direction is not considered particularly profitable.

During recycling, some expensive elements (zinc, manganese and others) are removed from batteries, which can account for up to 80% of its weight.

But the volumes of collected batteries themselves are not sufficient to allow us to talk about a mass production launch.

Glass recycling

But glass processing is a simpler and more profitable activity.

A significant part of the raw materials will be provided to you for free.

Consequently, one of the cost items is reduced.

And selling it is quite easy.

Broken glass is also used in production building materials, and for the production of new glass products.

The applications don't end there!

And another important argument in favor is all possible assistance from the state.

You are doing something useful for everyone, so you can count on some benefits and a more loyal attitude.

The equipment included and the operating technologies themselves will differ depending on what type of processing you plan to use.

The most affordable activity financially and organizationally is recycling waste into cullet and then cleaning it.

Wood waste recycling

One of the most cost-effective and efficient options for processing waste from the wood processing industry is the production of pellets and briquettes.

The creation of this environmentally friendly fuel not only allows people to heat their homes, but at the same time is a solution to global difficulties (reduces the volume of toxic emissions, the production plant provides people with jobs, resources are spent as usefully as possible).

Plastic recycling

Recycling plastic containers– one of the most popular segments of the industry.

Every year more and more goods are produced in such packaging, although the period of its natural decomposition is too long (from 300 years), and the decay products poison the environment.

But by processing this waste, you can produce new bottles, film, and other products.

Due to the benefits of creating such a plant, its organization is strongly encouraged by the authorities.

You can collect raw materials for pennies by setting up collection points for the population.

Or you can do it even simpler and place bins for bottles near regular trash bins.

It is guaranteed that the local administration will be only in favor and no difficulties will arise.

About how the waste recycling business works from the inside,

watch the video:

At the moment, only a few understand that waste recycling as a business is a very promising direction for development.

Garbage has always been an environmental problem for all of humanity. Today, the issue of garbage is being discussed at all levels: federal, regional, and so on. However, so far this is just talk and has not led to concrete action on the issue of waste recycling.

According to research, today waste disposal requires at least one. Only in this case can you significantly influence the ecology of the environment.

In some countries of the world, a real war is being waged over garbage. Everyone wants to dominate their landfill because they firmly believe that this will bring them stability for life.

The problem of waste recycling and the creation of a special plant as a relevant business idea today

Today it is believed that waste recycling is a very profitable and profitable business.

Until recently, this area of ​​business was not like, for example, processing of wood or other raw materials. But now the situation has changed dramatically.

Throughout the Russian Federation there are now a huge number of landfills that require certain actions, and thus will allow waste to be disposed of. According to statistics, about 96% of all household waste is disposed of in landfills. Moreover, according to estimates, about 60-70% of this is of some value and can be reused after recycling.

First of all, to process waste, you need at least a specialized mini-plant that will perform this function. Today there are very few such factories, which allows you to seriously think about this type of business.

Lack of high competition, as well as the fact that people will never stop throwing out garbage, says only one thing - this business will remain relevant for a very long time.

Relevance of the discovery of this business discussed in the following video:

Opening options

Every novice entrepreneur who is thinking about creating his own waste recycling plant thinks about exactly what form to implement.

Exists several varieties waste treatment plants, namely:

Here, as they say, the choice remains with the entrepreneur himself, but it is necessary to take into account his start-up capital. If, for example, a stationary plant will cost millions, then a mini plant will cost no more than $30,000.

Most entrepreneurs recommend initially betting on a mini-factory, since the start-up capital required is not so much, and at the same time it is quick. Moreover, there is no need to hire a large number of staff, and productivity is high.

Start entrepreneurial activity It is from a mini-factory that you can understand the whole process from the inside, and after receiving tangible profits, you can think about whether it’s worth expanding or not.

If you have not yet registered an organization, then easiest way do this using online services, which will help you generate all the necessary documents for free: If you already have an organization, and you are thinking about how to simplify and automate accounting and reporting, then the following online services will come to the rescue, which will completely replace an accountant in your company and save a lot money and time. All reporting is generated automatically and signed electronic signature and is sent automatically online. It is ideal for individual entrepreneurs or LLCs on the simplified tax system, UTII, PSN, TS, OSNO.
Everything happens in a few clicks, without queues and stress. Try it and you will be surprised how easy it has become!

Review of mini-factories and their cost

Without any doubt, any manufacturing country sets its own prices for such mini-factories.

So, for comparison, China offers to purchase their mini-factory at a cost of no more than $16,000. At the same time, it includes all the necessary functions that allow you to perform any assigned tasks.

As for the Ukrainian manufacturer, the cost of their mini-plant starts at $60,000. Agree, this is quite an impressive amount, which can completely discourage the desire to initial stage formation of their entrepreneurial activity.

If we take into account the domestic manufacturer, then in this regard the price can vary from 10 to 20 thousand dollars. It largely depends on the configuration of the equipment.

It is worth noting that the domestic manufacturer is distinguished by reliability and quality, and the fact that in short time You can always purchase any part that may fail.

Which manufacturer to pay attention to is the exclusive desire of the client himself, who focuses directly on his starting capital. But don’t forget that the costs will quickly pay off.

Description of the processing process

Modern mini-factories are equipped with sections in each of which waste is separated, sorted and crushed.

In addition, there are areas where heat and energy are obtained, including waste compaction.

The basis of such a mini-plant is a mechanized complex, thanks to which waste is sorted. High-temperature processing is carried out using pyrolysis equipment. During the afterburning of pyrolysis gases, the temperature can reach about 1100º C.

It is worth noting that the exhaust flue gases have a fairly impressive level of purification.

The presence of a pyrolysis unit as part of a mini-plant practically guarantees waste-free production. And this, accordingly, entails significant profits.

Main advantage The creation of a mini-factory is considered to be:

• absence of unpleasant odors;
• absence of insects and other various rodents.
• simplicity and speed of installation;
• low cost.

The technological process of processing is presented in the following video:

Business registration rules

Before starting to carry out business activities in this area, it is necessary to obtain a package of permits.

To do this, you need to contact the Ministry of Environment, which issues such a certificate.

Initially, a newly created company must undergo a compliance examination, after which a conclusion is issued. Such a conclusion is issued for an indefinite period. It is worth considering that its cost will cost approximately 5 thousand rubles.

In addition to this document, necessary:

• obtain permission from the sanitary and epidemiological station (SES);
• a project that describes all the nuances of the technological process.

But, despite all the documents that are necessary to legalize this business, it is necessary initially, which can describe all the intricacies of doing business.

In addition, you need to pay attention to sales, which is a key factor.

Drawing up a business plan

Anyone who is trying to start a business in this area must have a business plan, thanks to which it is possible to predict many problems that await at the initial stages, including calculating a number of actions that will help in the event of possible insolvency.

Descriptive part

It has long been no secret that a mini-plant for waste processing is an excellent investment that will provide a stable profit for long years. This field of activity is very popular all over the world, since many companies are ready to purchase for themselves in any quantity certain type waste, or as a complete set.

Production part

Equipment which is necessary to carry out your work activity includes:

1. production line for sorting raw materials;
2. crushing plant;
3. bunker for collecting raw materials (capacity for storing processed material);
4. special press.

Most beginning entrepreneurs give their preference to imported equipment, however, this is a big mistake. The fact is that the domestic manufacturer, firstly, is of higher quality, and secondly, significantly cheaper.

For this reason, many people need a fairly impressive start-up capital, and this consequently leads to the fact that many simply abandon their idea at the initial stage.

In addition, it is also worth considering the need for a truck, which will be used to deliver raw materials, as well as sell finished products.

It will cost approximately $80,000 to meet this need. If the entrepreneur has additional capital, it is advisable to purchase a melting furnace.

Marketing part

The marketing part of a business plan is rightfully considered key. Thanks to a competent approach to competitiveness analysis, you can solve many problems at once and leave your competitors behind.

Even though there are few competitors in this area, not paying attention to them is a grave mistake.

According to statistics, many similar factories are created every year in the Russian Federation, whose plans are to make a profit from this area of ​​​​activity. It is necessary to analyze this market in detail and finally decide in which direction to move in the future.

This is primarily due to the fact that there are a huge number of types of waste, and it is impractical to tackle everything at once.

Today this direction is considered one of the most promising and quickly pays off.

However, this is not an obligation at all, but rather a recommendation, because each region has its own competitors from which it is necessary to build on.

Financial part

To open your own mini-factory, it is enough to have start-up capital in the amount of $80,000.

First of all, these funds will be spent on implementing priority tasks, namely:

• registration of all permits (licenses, permits, etc.);
• renting premises (the place where the equipment will be installed);
• acquisition of necessary equipment;
• purchase of the first batch of raw materials;
• employees (the annual salary of each employee is taken into account).

Little money will be spent on the organization itself associated with waste removal. This is due to the fact that the garbage itself costs about 1 million rubles. The greatest difficulties arise at the moment when it is necessary to find sales channels.

In the process of doing business, you need to understand that profit company depends on many factors, in particular:

• waste processing method;
• production volume.

In order to significantly increase the profit received, it is enough to organize a collection point for secondary (processed) raw materials.

This method will allow you to maintain production profitability at a level of at least 50%, and thereby obtain tangible benefits.

Possible problems

Each type of business activity entails the risk of non-receipt of profit. To avoid this in every possible way, it is enough to competently draw up a business plan.

First of all, it is necessary to take into account literally every detail.

First of all, any problems begin with minor shortcomings, which, as a rule, leads the company to the bottom.

It is necessary to study the information on waste recycling as best as possible in order to be aware of the entire technological process and, if necessary, quickly solve any problem.

Once the business has started operating, it is necessary to sign an agreement for the supply of raw materials with several suppliers at once, since in this case the risk of a shortage of material is minimized. Ultimately, this will allow the mini-factory to supply finished products without delays and in full.

It is also worth considering that you should not overestimate the starting capital, and you should expand only as a last resort. Inappropriate investment of personal capital can play a cruel joke and affect the company’s activities.

An overview of domestic waste processing equipment is presented in this video:

One of the wise men once said a long time ago that you can make money even from what lies under your feet.

Modern practice confirms his words. Waste recycling is a very profitable business, and the following indicators confirm this fact:

• Processing companies are not that common, and there is plenty of raw material.
• An entrepreneur has the opportunity to accept various types of waste in an organized manner.
• High profitability is ensured by the possibility of recycling waste and turning it into secondary raw materials.

The relevance of this business can be seen in almost every aspect, starting with the fact that it has a positive effect on ecological situation, and ending with the result giving greater profit to the owner.

The positive aspects include:

• support from local authorities (this area is very poorly funded, and the local administration is obliged to ensure cleanliness, therefore, you can safely count on support for such an idea and help with finding industrial premises);
• unlimited volume of production raw materials;
• if it is not possible to get involved with the expensive and labor-intensive process of creating a waste processing plant, then you can limit yourself to building a workshop, which will cost several times less and will bring a decent profit.

Despite the many positive aspects, entrepreneurs may also have some problems related to the delivery and sorting of waste. The correct approach to these issues will certainly lead you to an adequate solution.

An interesting story about this field of activity in Russian conditions is in the following video:

What kind of waste can you deal with and what is most profitable?

So, let's look at the most common options:

• Car tires. The most promising and profitable method of processing this variety is called pyrolysis (depolymerization), which consists in the decomposition of rubber:
  • on carbon;
  • for gas;
  • for steel cord, which is an excellent raw material for the metallurgical industry;
  • for synthetic oil.

  Each of these products is a sought-after raw material, and if sales are organized correctly, the result can be high profitability.

• Construction garbage usually consists of concrete, brick, wood and metal. After careful sorting, you can, for example, begin processing concrete, which includes crushing and parallel extraction of metal particles from it. As a result, it is possible to obtain secondary crushed stone used in construction. In world practice, it is now increasingly common to dismantle buildings and sort construction waste, about 80% of which can be reused.
• Recycling broken glass involves reusing non-standard and broken bottles that would otherwise end up in a landfill. Broken glass You can take it directly from production or organize your own glass container collection point or your own waste sorting line. Glass manufacturers will be happy to buy recycled raw materials, since such material can be melted at a lower cost. low temperatures than those required by the glass manufacturing process. Also, this secondary raw material is in great demand among manufacturers of abrasives, ceramic products, tiles and bricks.
• Used paper. The process of processing simple (so-called wet) waste paper involves:
  • dissolving paper in water using a thinner;
  • removing all foreign objects from it with a cyclone cleaner;
  • thermomechanical treatment, if we're talking about about cardboard;
  • fine purification of the mixture (filtration).

  Recycled paper can be used to make packaging board, toilet paper or roofing material.

Necessary documents for business registration

Legal recycling of solid household waste involves obtaining a license from the Ministry of Ecology. The Law “On Environmental Expertise” regulates the obligation of each entity that decides to collect and process waste to conduct an environmental assessment. This conclusion can be used throughout the entire life of the company (the approximate cost of this document is 5,500 rubles).

The entrepreneur must obtain permits from services such as fire, sanitary, and also stock up project documentation, which will describe everything technological processes future waste recycling organization. The total period for collecting and confirming documentation varies from 2 to 4 months, and the cost is approximately 24,000 rubles.

Where to get garbage?

The average trash can contains:

• 50% polymers: polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene;
• 25% food waste;
• 10% paper and cardboard;
• 15-20% rubber, metal, textiles.

All in all, household waste at least 60% recyclable. But this is only from a theoretical point of view, since separate collection of solid waste, generally accepted in many European countries, for us seems only a distant prospect. And unseparated waste sent to a modern recycling line can only give a result of 25%.

The best option is to install special mobile processing units. They can be manual or automated, and their cost ranges from several hundred thousand to several million dollars.

There is another option: concluding an agreement with a local landfill or collection point for glass or plastic containers. Then the problem of sorting will disappear by itself: production will be provided with ready-made and sorted waste at a price of up to 5 rubles/kg.

Efficient production organization

Suitable premises - very important stage, because for waste processing production you need at least 600 m2, for a processing workshop - 300-400 m2, and for a warehouse - 200 m2. In addition to buildings and structures for industrial purposes, it is necessary to allocate space for administrative premises, which can be located both on the production site and outside it. By the way, workshops located next to the city landfill will help reduce costs both for the delivery of raw materials and for renting premises.

The minimum equipment package should include:

• sorting line;
• storage bunker;
• crusher;
• magnet;
• bake.

Additional equipment is a melting furnace, but it is worth considering that it will significantly increase the cost side of the project.

Domestic equipment is considered the most affordable and functional.

Staff

It is impossible to recycle household waste without manual labor. In order to carry out sorting, selection, calibration and many others production stages, necessary staff from 20 to 40 people(it all depends on production volumes).

In addition, high-quality functioning of the enterprise is impossible without accountant, driver, manager and cleaner.

Sales channels for finished products

The final result directly depends on the raw materials used:

• Toxic waste, such as mercury lamps, can be used to produce many industrial and construction materials;
• compost can be made from plant waste, which serves as an excellent soil fertilizer;
• from electronic waste (picture tubes, electrical appliances) - iron, copper, aluminum and glass;
• from paper - secondary raw materials, from which new materials are subsequently formed.

And the main consumers of waste processing services and materials will be:

• enterprises whose activities are related to one or another final product - cellulose, wood, glass;
• industrial and individual consumers in need of secondary raw materials.

About costs and future profits

Waste recycling is sufficient profitable business even against the backdrop of the amount of funds required for its organization. This type of business will pay for itself very quickly (1.5-2 years) if sales are well established. Experts, based on their own observations, claim that The level of profitability of waste recycling production ranges from 42 to 80%, because this market segment is practically not subject to competition.

Based on the practice of existing enterprises, you can work with the following statistical data:

• One shift can process 3 tons of waste paper, 1.5 tons of polymer waste or 250 kg of plastic raw materials.
• One ton of any raw material costs on average from 9,000 to 45,000 rubles.
• Consequently, the average monthly profit of such an enterprise can range from 150,000 to 3,300,000 rubles.

A huge universal complex for processing any type of waste (wood, plastic, metal, paper or glass) will cost a huge amount of money. Experts claim that the amount will exceed the $20 million mark.

But even a modest enterprise has the opportunity to bring a decent profit. Setting up a workshop specializing in one type of waste will cost from 50 to 300 thousand dollars. Arrangement of warehouse and production premises in accordance with fire and sanitary requirements - another 2-3 thousand. A crusher, sorting line and other necessary equipment will require 50-70 thousand dollars.

In general, the business of receiving and processing waste is very relevant. The size of the initial investment is of course higher than that of or, but the amount of profit will also please you at the very beginning.

There is a form of business that is considered not just a way to make an easy and quick profit, but also a noble pursuit. This is the processing of various types of recyclable materials. The meaning of this kind of entrepreneurship is the collection, processing and sale of secondary raw materials, which include:

• garbage;
• paper;
• plastic containers.

According to analysts, the average person throws out about 250 kg of household waste. On average in trash can about 25% are occupied food waste, 5-10% is paper, 50% is polymers (this includes plastic), the rest is metal, textiles, rubber, glass, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages of the processing business

The waste recycling business has its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages	Flaws
High profitability. The main goal of any enterprise is profit, so this advantage comes first	Difficulties of opening. It will take about six months to obtain permits from many structures and departments
Support from local residents and authorities as part of environmental support for environmental projects.	High costs for renting space for warehouse and production
	Establishing uninterrupted delivery of raw materials for processing and sale of finished products

Despite all the obvious difficulties, this business is worthy of attention, since it is useful both for the entrepreneur himself and for the people around him.

Necessary documents for starting a business

The main difficulty in starting a business for processing recyclable materials is obtaining permits:

• for sorting and recycling waste receive a license from the Ministry of Ecology (According to the Law “On Environmental Expertise”). The examination is carried out by the environmental service of the city or region. It is she who issues a conclusion on waste recycling, which is given “for life.” In addition, the Waste Department of the Ministry of Environment and natural resources must allow processing plant dispose of waste on your territory. This permit for waste storage is issued once a year. Then documentation for the equipment is selected and the businessman is sent to obtain permits from the fire, sanitary, water, veterinary and municipal services. This is explained by the fact that waste recycling is associated with a huge number of interests and it is important that others do not suffer from the operation of the waste processing plant;
• It’s easier to open a business processing plastic, paper and cardboard - just register as legal entity and get down to business.

Proper investment in the purchase of equipment plays an important role. Each direction contains a number of subtleties that need to be monitored. Now let's talk about choosing premises and equipment for organizing an enterprise for sorting and processing garbage and waste.

Choosing premises: where to locate the enterprise?

The premises are chosen not far from the landfill, so as not to spend money on transporting raw materials. Production room should be about 300-500 sq.m., warehouse up to 100 sq.m. An abandoned warehouse, hangar and other buildings are ideal to provide these areas. Municipal and regional authorities can provide unnecessary premises and territories for free or for an indefinite lease. It is more profitable for the municipality to help an entrepreneur than to maintain and maintain constantly growing landfills.

Garbage and waste processing equipment

Waste processing equipment is a vital part of the successful development of this business. Entrepreneurs argue that it is inappropriate to purchase foreign equipment. It is more profitable to purchase Russian products, which cost less, are cheaper to maintain and are easier to repair. A list of necessary equipment for waste recycling is presented below.

• Granulation line LGPS 63-160 (cost - RUB 1,380,000)
• Rotary chopper IRPS-300 (cost - 250,000 rubles)
• Agglomerator AGPS-600 (cost - 245,000 rubles)

The total cost of equipment is about 2 million rubles.

The organizational and technical scheme of plastic processing is as follows:

• Plastic bottles (PET) are fed onto a conveyor belt.
• The magnetic separator is installed on the conveyor belt. It removes foreign metallic inclusions.
• Bottles are moved along a conveyor belt to a sorting table. As a rule, sorting is carried out manually by operators.
• The sorted bottles are moved to the storage hopper of the crushing plant.
• Using a press, the bottles are fed to crushing, where in a crushing plant they are crushed to flake size.
• With the help of an aspirator, the bottles are sucked out of the crushing device. Dirt is collected by bag filters.
• The flakes enter the cyclone separator. The stickers are blown into the collection filter by air flow, and the flakes are transferred to the screw conveyor.
• A screw conveyor moves the flakes to a flotation separator where washing and cleaning occurs.
• Clean PET flakes are fed into a centrifuge, where water is removed, then the clean flakes are fed into bags.
• Dirty water is accumulated in containers and supplied to the purification system using pumps.

Business staff

After finding a location and purchasing equipment, a strong team is recruited. This is the main difficulty of such a business - few people can stand the hard and exhausting work next to a conveyor belt, especially when there is an unpleasant smell nearby. Flexible system bonuses and proper motivation will make working at the company prestigious and profitable. Approach this issue extremely carefully, otherwise you will encounter severe staff turnover.

The next stage is finding sources of raw materials, which in most cases are landfills. Try to negotiate with the administration so that the transport that collects garbage delivers it to you directly, without stopping at the landfill. This will allow you to avoid spending money on removing raw materials from the storage area.

Processing business: implementation

The issue of implementation is also important. The need for high-quality recyclable materials is growing. Regardless of the choice of recycling direction (appliances, glass, plastic, paper, food waste), there will always be buyers, since secondary raw materials are much cheaper than the original ones, and the quality is almost the same.

Offer your customers the following for raw materials:

• recycling of used cars will make it possible to sell metal, used oils and working spare parts for workshops;
• Equipment often contains aluminum, copper, silver and gold. Large industrialists will be happy to buy non-ferrous metals at a reasonable cost;
• It is profitable to recycle even food waste. With the help of enzymes and bacteria, compost is created from them, which will be purchased by gardening associations and large enterprises, producing soil mixtures.

Plastic recycling: collection of raw materials

Recycling business plastic bottles and containers has proven itself to be a profitable and useful activity, since used plastic containers are found everywhere. Plastic bottles and cups are easy to make, but they take a long time and are difficult to decompose. Therefore, municipalities will support a plastic recycling enterprise, and even investments are possible.

The channels for purchasing raw materials will be landfills and collection points for plastic containers. Also enter into agreements with retail chains and stores to accept used plastic containers from them. In urban areas, install special containers for plastic bottles. To do this, it is enough to obtain permission from the city administration.

Sales are very simple - manufacturers of plastic bottles willingly buy flex flakes, a product of processing plastic containers, since it is much cheaper than the original product.

Tips on where to get plastic for recycling?

Tip #1. Collection from landfills. Even the smallest landfill can collect several tens of kilograms of plastic; a large one can collect more than a ton.

Tip #2. Purchasing from enterprises. Large organizations Every day we leave behind a large amount of plastic that requires disposal.

Tip #3. Search for advertisements for the sale of plastic on the Internet. Check message boards to see if there are people or organizations that sell plastic or give it away for free for pickup.

Cardboard and paper recycling: collection of raw materials

A paper recycling business is a great opportunity to keep trees alive while making a good profit. There are two lines of this production, depending on the type of product received - cardboard paper or writing paper. Cardboard recycling – more profitable business and a quick payback process.

The difficulty lies in collecting raw materials. It is purchased from landfills, waste paper collection points, or by opening your own. Collection is also carried out in large retail and manufacturing enterprises. Selling raw materials is not difficult - there will always be people willing to buy inexpensive paper or cardboard.

Video about waste recycling in Russia

The video explains how waste is processed into secondary raw materials. The film was made with the support of public environmental organization, created to solve waste problems “ProWaste”.

Plastic recycling business plan: profitability

Now let’s give some hard numbers, calculating the amount of income from various types of processing. Profitability small company for recycling plastic containers. Let's start with expenses. Costs when starting a business:

• for equipment – ​​3.5 million rubles;
• for cosmetic repairs of the premises, small and unplanned expenses - 15,000 rubles.

Monthly expenses:

• payment of rent, utility bills - 300,000 rubles;
• labor compensation fund – 210,000 rubles;
• purchase of raw materials for processing – 80,000 rubles.

Total amount: 590,000 rub.

Expected monthly income from the sale of raw materials is 800,000 rubles. Thus, the monthly profit will be at least 200,000 rubles, and investments in the business will pay off in 1.5 years. Calculations are based on minimum performance figures, so actual earnings will be much higher.

Types of expenses and income for processing different types raw materials coincide, the amounts and profit margins change. Remember that profit is influenced by a number of factors, which include:

• procurement policy;
• resource usage;
• bonuses and motivation of employees;
• competent implementation tactics.

SWOT analysis of waste and garbage recycling business

Assessment of the attractiveness of a business by the magazine website

Business profitability	(3.0 out of 5)	Business attractiveness 2.6
Project payback	(3.0 out of 5)
Ease of starting a business	(2.0 out of 5)
The waste recycling business (plastic, paper, garbage) is a socially important and profitable business. The difficulty lies in the large financial costs of purchasing equipment and renting large areas for production and warehouse parts. In addition, there are risks of crime due to its high profitability. The payback period for the business is about 2 years.