Rain is a natural phenomenon. How is a raindrop formed? Water cycle in nature: diagram

Okulova Elena

One of the natural phenomena - rain became the object of attention of my work. Summer is coming, which means that precipitation will mainly fall in the form of rain. I watched the rain many times in the summer and I had questions, which I tried to answer in my research work... I'm wondering why is it raining? How does water rise to the sky to rain down on the earth? Why is rain different? Do you need rain? Are there dangerous rains?

In my research work, I set myself goal: learn as much as possible about this natural phenomenon.

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MOU "Secondary School No. 3"

G. Krasnokamsk

Pupil 4 "B" class.

Head: A.A. Kondrashina

Teacher primary grades.

Consultant: Okulova L.Yu.,

Mama

2010 year

1. Introduction

1. Research results and discussion.

1. What is rain?
2. How is it formed?
3. What kind of rains are there?
4. Do you need rain?

IV. Conclusion

I. Introduction

One of the natural phenomena - rain became the object of attention of my work. Summer is coming, which means that precipitation will mainly fall in the form of rain. I watched the rain in summer many times and I had questions that I tried to answer in my research work. I'm wondering why is it raining? How does water rise to the sky to rain down on the earth? Why is rain different? Do you need rain? Are there dangerous rains?

In my research work, I set myself goal : learn as much as possible about this natural phenomenon.

1. Description of the method of collecting material and methods of processing the collected material.

In order to learn more about an amazing natural phenomenon - rain, I had to turn to different sources. mass media: dictionaries, TV, internet, special literature. In the course of collecting material, I visited all the libraries in our neighborhood, remembered the properties of water, watched a special film about the types of rain. The most exciting experiences for me were the experiments that I conducted with my parents at home.

The work was carried out on such plan:

1. What is rain?
2. How is it formed?
3. What kind of rains are there?
4. What kind of rain should not be on Earth?
5. Do you need rain?

III. Research results and their discussion.

1. What is rain?

Rain - it is, first of all, water. Ozhegov's dictionary says that"Rain - this is precipitation in the form of water drops, jets ”. And in Dahl's dictionary that"Rain - this is water in drops or streams from clouds. "

2. How is it formed?

1. And why it's raining?
2. How water rises to the sky to rain down on the ground?

On the ground many oceans and seas, rivers and streams, lakes, ponds and puddles. The sun heats up the water. It evaporates, i.e. becomes transparent and invisible vapor. This light vapor, together with warm air, rises higher and higher from the earth - many kilometers up. It is always cold there, at the height. The warm steam above touches the cold air, and tiny dust-like droplets of water are formed from it. The droplets are still very small and light. The cold air drags them down and warm air lifts them up again. So they scurry up and down above the ground until they merge into large drops.

But there are already so many drops that all together they turn into a large cloud. The wind picks up the clouds and carries them around the world. Clouds float above the ground until heavy drops, unable to hold on any longer, rain down on the ground.

The rain has passed. Until recently, there were puddles in the yard. But the sun came out, dried the water. She again turned into steam to form a cloud high in the sky and pour down on the earth as a graceful rain.

At home, we can observe the formation of rain. I spent this an experience:

Required:

Small saucepan

Metal cover

Gas stove

Water

Experience progress:

1. Pour water into a saucepan, ask adults to put it on the stove.
2. When the water boils, cover the saucepan with a lid.

Result:

Water droplets have formed on the lid. Shake the lid and rain drops.

This is because ...

... that water vapor is released from boiling water. On a cold lid, it cools down and turns into liquid again. This phenomenon is called condensation.

Output:

3. What are the rains

Most heavy rain called downpour. Showers fall from cumulonimbus clouds several kilometers thick. Such showers are very intense, but short-lived, like the life of these clouds themselves.

Raindrops fall to the ground at a speed of approximately - 6.5 m / s (acceleration caused by the force of gravity, taking into account their friction against the air).

Most light rain - drizzle. Drizzle droplets are only 0.10-0.25 mm, they fall out of clouds with a torn base, and large drizzle droplets can form in clouds brought by a warm front.

Complex - in the form of rather large raindrops, sometimes lasting for several days and falling out of stratus - rain clouds.

But there are, very special, summer rains, short, cheerful. They walk in an amazing way - with clear sky, in the light bright sun! There are no clouds, only a light white haze hangs in the air.

This is water vapor. Low above the ground, it fell into a cold stream of air, turned into water droplets, they began to quickly merge, become heavy and fall to the ground in rare large drops.

It passes quickly, this rain. The sun is shining, and there is no more white haze in the air, it spilled on the ground"Blind rain"- so for some reason this summer rain without clouds is called.

Sometimes, fine, summer rain is called"Mushroom rain".

And then there are autumn rains. They are called"Wet rains".These rains are accompanied by strong winds, they are long and rainy.

Usually the amount of precipitation is measured in millimeters.

To understand what these numbers mean, know that when they say “100 mm of precipitation fell,” it means that 40,451 liters of water fell on an area of ​​0.4 hectares.

4. What kind of rain should not be on Earth

But not all rains are beneficial. There are rains that shouldn't be on the ground. These are acid and radioactive rains. They appeared because of economic activity people, pollution the environment.

Acid rain

There are many substances in nature, including acids. Due to environmental pollution, acids began to form high in the sky. They often fall to the ground along with the rain. These are the so-called acid rain... Plants and all living things suffer from them, many buildings, including ancient monuments, deteriorate.

Radioactive rain

Radioactive fallout is one of the most dangerous consequences of air pollution by humans. They are dust and droplets of atmospheric moisture containing radioactive atoms. Such atoms are formed during the test nuclear weapons or an accident at a nuclear power plant.

The heaviest particles from the dusty radioactive cloud settle to the ground in the first hours or minutes after the explosion. The lighter ones stay in the atmosphere for long time... They can be carried by the wind over long distances, sometimes tens of thousands of kilometers. After a long journey in the atmosphere, radioactive atoms, also called radionuclides, return to the surface of the earth along with snow, rain or fog.

Radioactive dust settles on soil, we fall into water bodies, pollute houses, businesses, roads. It gets on the surface of plants, skin of animals and humans.

Radionuclides on human skin can be washed off with water, but they penetrate into the body together with water, that we drink, the air that we breathe, the food that we eating. Radioactive atoms emit a large number of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves and charged particles. Radiation destroys living cells, and above all their genetic apparatus, weakening the body's defenses against various diseases.

Radioactive fallout, like other types of pollution caused by human activity, has become an undesirable reality for many residents of Russia at the present time. Knowledge of the problems posed by radioactive fallout helps to improve the environmental safety of the population. This is especially important in areas affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, and in other areas of our country with high radioactive contamination.

Each person must protect their land!

5. Do you need rain?

What if there had never been rainfall?

There would be no rain - rivers, seas and lakes would dry up, grasses and trees would burn. This means that there would be no fish, birds, animals and humans. That is why you do not need to wrinkle your forehead and get angry when the clear weather is replaced by bad weather and the gray begin to float across the clear sky. rain clouds... They carry moisture and work for us.

IV. Conclusion

Exploring this a natural phenomenon I came to the conclusion that rain is one of the amazing phenomena that exists in nature. Now I know why it rains, what kind of rains it rains, and that our planet really needs rain. Only people should monitor the ecology of the Earth and then dangerous rains will not fall.

She shared her research with the students of her class. I think that they were interested in my topic, they were interested in listening to my material.

V. List of used literature

1. Karagod S. "Encyclopedia of Natural Phenomena"

2. Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. " Explanatory dictionary Russian language "M., 1997

3. Tsvetkova I.V. "Ecology for primary grades". Development Academy 2007

4. I get to know the world: Ecology .; - M., 1999

research work "Rain"

Head: Anna Kondrashina, primary school teacher,

MOU "Secondary School No. 3" Krasnokamsk,

Prepared by: Okulova Lena, student of grade 4 "B".

Title of the work: "Rain".

Academic subject:natural history, grade 3, textbook "The world around us" Pleshakov A.A.

Theme: Water. Water properties.

Problematic question:Is it true that rain, in order to fall to the ground, rises from the surface of the earth?

Research questions

1. What is rain?
2. How is it formed?
3. What kind of rains are there?
4. What kind of rain should not be on Earth?
5. Do you need rain?

Purpose of work:

1. learn as much as possible about this natural phenomenon.

The form of protection is presentation.

Work theses:

1. Summer is coming, which means that precipitation will mainly fall in the form of rain. I watched the rain many times in the summer and I had questions that I tried to answer in my research work. I'm wondering why is it raining? How does water rise to the sky to rain down on the earth? Why is rain different? Do you need rain? Are there dangerous rains?
2. Water vapor, in contact with cold air, condenses and turns back into water. This is how the rains are born.
3. Rains are classified according to two main characteristics: intensity and duration.
4. But not all rains are beneficial. There are rains that shouldn't be on Earth. These are acid and radioactive rains. They appeared due to the economic activities of people, environmental pollution.
5. Rain is also good weather!

The word "rain" has become very firmly established in our vocabulary. When pronouncing it, people rarely think about how much interesting facts hidden in it. Moreover, some do not even know exactly how the raindrops so familiar to us appear.

But mankind should thank nature for this wonderful gift... If not for the rain, now our planet would look much darker. And who knows, perhaps without him life itself could not have been born. Therefore, let's talk about and what is its role in the ecosystem of the Earth.

Continuous cycle of life

It so happened that many processes in this world have their own cycle. For example, the alternation of seasons or the change of day and night. The same applies to the water that dwells in circular motion... It is thanks to this order of things that the world was able to transform from a hot desert into an oasis filled with all kinds of life.

And rain is one of critical factors that contributed to the birth of all living things. After all, had it not been for him, the first trees would not have sprouted on the surface of the Earth, giving our planet the opportunity to acquire its own durable atmosphere. And she, in turn, gave the opportunity to the first marine life go ashore, which forever changed the course of world history.

But let's leave the appearance of all living things behind and talk about what rain and wind gave us. After all, it was the first who allowed people to reap a large harvest, otherwise it would have simply dried up. But the wind carried rain clouds around the world, thanks to which the showers went even where there are no rivers and lakes of their own.

What is rain?

In fact, everyone knows how to describe this atmospheric phenomenon, because everyone has seen it. So, it would seem, everything is very simple: rain is drops of water falling from the sky. But the question is: how do they get there? Or why do they fall back from there?

It all starts with the fact that water begins to evaporate under the influence of heat. And since the vapor is much lighter than air, it rises upward. But the higher it is, the colder the space around it becomes.

When the temperature becomes critical, the steam condenses again into small drops of moisture, which seem to hang in the air, turning into white clouds. However, over time, the amount of water increases, and the harmless cloud begins to turn into a gray cloud. And at one point, all the moisture breaks out, turning into full-fledged rain. This happens most often when gray clouds collide with a very cold air stream, which can quickly cool the condensate accumulated in it.

What kind of rains are there?

It should also be remembered that there are various. Some of them fall more often in the summer, while others, on the contrary, in the fall and spring. Therefore, let's take a look at the most common types of rain:

Rain season

How hotter climate, the more moisture is collected in the atmosphere. In this regard, in tropical regions there is such a thing as the rainy season. This is a special period of the year in which there is a huge amount of rainfall.

For a country where average temperature is 40-45 degrees, it's like a sip fresh air... In addition, the rainy season plays a very important role in the ecosystem of the tropics, without it, all living things quickly wither from excessive heat.

Often, each region has its own calendar, which indicates the approximate dates of the arrival of heavenly showers. For example, in India it happens at the end of June and falls at the end of May.

A drop of tar in a barrel of honey

However, despite the fact that rain is an integral part of life, it can still bring terrible troubles with it. Thus, prolonged downpours lead to floods and deluges, which threatens the destruction of those villages and cities that are located next to large bodies of water.

Or, due to prolonged rains in the mountains, mud avalanches can come down. Such precipitation can pretty much ruin the landscape at the foot of the cliffs. Not to mention the fact that they can easily crush wild animals or people who dare to stand in their way under a wave of mud.

Also, lightning often comes with rain. Probably, many can remember several cases when this sparkling beast got into a residential building or a transformer. Moreover, there are thousands of stories when lightning struck people, which was fatal.

V middle lane autumn is considered a rainy season. Indeed, nature, preparing for a long winter sleep, tries to saturate the soil with moisture so that there is a reserve of it necessary for the slowed down vital activity of plants, for laying the future growth of roots and shoots. But it rains not only in autumn, such a phenomenon as rain can be found in any season. But how different they are, these rains! The summer frequent, heavy rain, bringing freshness to the air and washing of greenery, and endless, drizzling and dank rain, chilling to the bones with its cold dampness, are in no way similar to each other. The external manifestations of different rains are not similar to each other, just as the seasons are different.

Despite the fact that rain is a natural atmospheric phenomenon, in addition to being a meteorological phenomenon, it is also a part of poetic and lyrical searches, because so often in literary devices, using descriptions of rain, they talk about mood, feelings, thoughts.

Let's go back to the definition. Rain is an atmospheric phenomenon that is expressed in the fallout of water droplets (precipitation) from the atmosphere onto the earth's surface. Typically, raindrops are one to five millimeters in size. Larger drops sometimes occur. Smaller droplets are called drizzle, with an even finer droplet fraction, the atmospheric phenomenon is called fog.

The names of the rains are also different, and some nicknames appeared in ancient times, when atmospheric phenomena attached cult significance or associated various signs with them, and other names appeared in modern language not too long ago.

Mushroom rain the most famous name among the rains. Mushroom is called a warm summer rain with large drops, which falls in the light of the sun, and is short in time. It is believed that mushrooms grow rapidly when it rains. The birds do not calm down at this time, and after the rain, you can see a rainbow and bright green vegetation in large sparkling drops. Getting caught in a mushroom rain has always been considered good sign, and the little children believed that they would grow up under the mushroom rain. There is also the name “ blind rain", I.e. rain that comes from clouds that do not cover the sun. Such rain was popularly called "Princess of Tears".

Shower- rain, like in the song "pouring rain", very intense rain with large and frequent drops that occupy up to 85% of the airspace volume. For such a density of water jets, it is also called "rain from a bucket". With a short duration, a downpour abundantly wets the ground, as if it washes away the accumulated debris and dust from everything, and if you happen to get caught in such rain, you will get wet to the skin. If heavy rains fall for more than 5-6 hours, it can threaten flooding.

Outskirts rain - also called bathing rain, it is similar in its manifestation to a downpour. The expression "they carried water in the sieve" just fits the definition of bathing (okatny) rain, i.e. large frequent drops that rapidly fall to the ground from the clouds. The bathing rain is short, after which the clouds dissipate, the sky clears up. It only rains in summer.

Thunderstorm rain- a combination of rain and thunderstorms, when thunderclouds are saturated with atmospheric electricity, there are flashes of lightning and peals of thunder. Depending on the distance and layering thunderclouds, thunderstorm rain can be with a loud rumbling crackle or with a subtle thunder sound. Thunderstorms are also dry, without rain, when the clouds with moisture are too high, and the drops do not reach the earth's surface evaporating on the fly. Thunderstorms often occur in summer, less often in spring and autumn.

Slanting rain- rain, which is accompanied by a strong side wind, the rain jets seem to blow off to the sides, due to which the trajectory of the falling drops is not vertical, but at an angle. This kind of rain used to be called "overlap" precisely because it whipped, accompanied by gusts of wind.

Streak rain- summer rain that comes in stripes. It is interesting to see how it is dripping on one side of the street, and dry on the other. This happens when rain clouds have a torn structure, this happens, for example, with a strong head wind, which may not be felt below. And then each part of the clouds "cries" to its territory, and between them there is a dry air space.

Incessant rain- rain that falls from the clouds of a very large area. Clouds cover the sky in all visible space. Such rains are not very intense, but often prolonged, with a large amount of precipitation. Most often these are autumn rains.

Freezing rain- enough a rare event... With freezing rain, precipitation occurs at sub-zero temperatures, as a result of which moisture freezes in the air or immediately when it hits any surface. One of the last freezing rains fell on Moscow in December 2010 and covered trees, bushes, eaves of houses, trolleybus wires with a thick layer of ice glaze.

Rain with snow- the name speaks for itself. Cold rain interspersed with snow. Drops during thaws in winter period, in early spring or late autumn.

Rain with hail- too cold rain, but such rain falls in the warm season from cumulus clouds. Hailstones in different cases can vary greatly in size: small ones are like crumbs, the size of large ones can be about the size of a pigeon's egg. Rains with hail do not carry any romance and are very dangerous for crops, any vegetation, buildings, and even humans. Falling from a height with the acceleration of free fall, a large hailstone can pierce a sheet of galvanized iron.

Drizzling rain- rain, consisting of small droplets, evenly falling to the ground. Typical rain for the autumn period. On someone he casts a blues and sadness, and on someone a light sadness. Tear-stained window glass with a stuck yellow autumn leaf - this is how photographers see autumn rain

These are the types of rains that metorologists and writers know. Choose according to your taste and mood!

Do we often think about how this world works, what and where it comes from, where does it go? How often do we ask ourselves: how do snowflakes form, what does the atmosphere consist of, where does the wind come from or does it rain? After all, we face many of these natural phenomena every day when we run somewhere on business. Did you know that, for example, it rains different types: round and pouring, stripe, dry and overlying? Let's try to broaden our horizons a little, dwell on the latter: heavy rain, what is it, how is it different from any other?

Rain - atmospheric precipitation: the mechanism of formation

Rain - drops of liquid formed in clouds with a small 0.5 mm or large 7 mm in diameter, falling to the ground. Where do they come from there?

Rain clouds are considered to be stratus and highly layered, containing, at negative temperatures, crystals of frozen water and supercooled liquid droplets. Increasing over time and getting denser, the ice floes come out of the air mass - clouds, attracting water to themselves. Sinking in the process into the lower layers of the atmosphere, they turn into rain, since it is much warmer there.

A prerequisite for the formation of rain is the presence of a certain temperature in the planet's atmosphere, which is capable of maintaining matter in three states: liquid, solid and gaseous. Of the planets studied today, these are Earth and Titan. But unlike earth precipitation, methane rains fall on Titan, as temperature regime the atmosphere formed there allows methane to be present in liquid and gaseous form.

Where do rain clouds come from: the mechanism of formation

Not all that clouds are rain. They are different, it depends on the conditions and morphological classification, that is, the height, the formation of the cloud:

• Cirrus.
• Cirrostratus.
• Stratified rain.
• Cumulus
• Stratocumulus.
• Highly layered.

Rainwaters are born from stirring air masses with different temperatures or from the contact of air containing a large amount of moisture and the cooled surface of the earth.

• In the first case, the saturation of the resulting mass with moisture is so great that it rains. Such precipitation turns out to be weak, but prolonged. This is the very drizzling rain, which sometimes looks like dust.
• The second option is typical for coastal areas, with a cold wind coming from the sea, which drives wet air on the cold ground.
• There is also a third option, the most abundant, in terms of precipitation. The air rising to the upper layers of the atmosphere there begins to expand with a decrease in temperature inside the mass, provoking condensation of water vapor, which then falls as rain. Such a process is possible in mountains or hot countries, where the moisture content in the atmosphere is significant.

What clouds bring us, sometimes, so long-awaited rains, we now know. How to learn to distinguish between them?

What rains happen: types and names

We ourselves come up with names for the drops of water falling from the sky. But there is also an official classification:

• Mushroom - usually small, walking in the light of the sun.
• Stormy.
• Bathing - unexpected, in good weather, with a large volume of water.
• Shower.
• Dry (precipitation in the form of animals, plants)
• Drizzle or drizzling.
• Oblique - typical in strong winds.
• Snowy rain - in the off-season, rain and snow.
• Protracted or overly.

Also known are the rains characteristic of an area in which there are many industrial enterprises- acidic. Their pH level is significantly lower than that of regular precipitation. They cause colossal harm to bacteria living on the surface of water bodies, fish and insects. This is a big ecological problem, with which it is necessary to fight, its consequences can be catastrophic for all life on earth.

What does heavy rain mean?

Of all the above types of rains, we are now interested in the overburden, it is brought by the autumn weather. It got its name because of the characteristic clouds that cover the entire sky hopelessly and for a long time, as we sometimes say: "everything around is overlaid with clouds", this is precisely in this case. Dark low, they do not bring us thunderstorms, and create a feeling of dusk even in the daytime.

What other signs can be used to distinguish this type of precipitation?

• As a rule, heavy rain occupies a vast territory, unlike, for example, strip rain, which falls here and there - in stripes.
• They are not accompanied by strong winds, so the water flows down to the ground directly, so that they can be separated from the slanting ones.
• The droplets are medium in size, not large and not like dust or drizzle. Such rain cannot be called drizzling.
• They usually last for several hours or days. That is why it is not thunderstorm.
• It is also difficult to call it mushroom, since the densely clouded sky does not allow the sun's rays to break through it. He will not give us a cheerful rainbow.

Thus, lingering rain can be easily distinguished from any other. Everything here is simple and according to the plan for a few hours or days: a gray gloomy sky, drops hanging in the air in a veil, an umbrella that you can take without counting on the fact that everything will end soon.

Heavy rain in culture and agriculture

From rain there is both benefit and harm to a person and his life.

• In arid regions, where they are rare, they are eagerly awaited. After all, the harvest and the availability of drinking water will depend on this. fresh water in the coming year.
• In regions with temperate climate rain is just an excuse to remember to wear a raincoat or take an umbrella for a walk.
• Where rainfall in abundance irrigates the land, and can even harm crops and homes, people have learned to protect themselves by developing drainage channels and building waterproof houses.

As for lingering rains, their significance in human life is multifaceted. Considering that they do not let the sun through during fallout, the drops accumulated on the plants do not have a magnifying glass effect and do not harm them, as with mushroom ones.

Smoothly pouring streams of water allow the soil to absorb as much as possible without eroding it, without exerting a strong erosive effect. However, a large amount of moisture contributes to the development of plant diseases and can cause crop rot. From what conclusions can be drawn: rain is needed and without it we cannot live in any way, but all is well in moderation and protracted should also be protracted, but not endless.

So, we have described in detail not only heavy rain, what it is, but also the mechanism of the formation of liquid precipitation in general.

Video about heavy rains

This video will show what heavy rain looks like, its main signs, it will tell you how it differs from heavy rain:

Mushroom rain- the most beloved rain among the people. Pouring through Sun rays sometimes with an almost clear blue sky. They call it mushroom, because this rain is summer, warm and short, it is believed that after it mushrooms begin to grow. By folk signs under such rain, not only mushrooms grow, but also small children. It's fun to run under the large drops shining in the sun. They also say about such rain “the princess is crying”.

Step 2

Shower or pouring rain, heavy, frequent rain, which usually pours in summer. When they say “pouring out of the bucket” they mean the downpour. The density of jets in a shower can be 10-15 per 1 sq. Cm. Heavy rains are typical for summer. Short-term showers contribute to air purification, good soil wetting, and refresh green spaces. If the heavy rain lasts longer, then it is fraught with flooding.
Perimeter rain akin to a short shower. Doused, as if from a tub and ended. Short and heavy summer rain showers are called perimeter or bathing.

Step 3

Thunderstorm rain- rain accompanied by a thunderstorm. During a thunderstorm, atmospheric electricity is discharged, as a result of which the audience can see lightning and hear a rumble of thunder. Thunderstorms are dangerous, so they exist certain rules behavior during a thunderstorm. Also, buildings and structures must be equipped with lightning protection.

Step 4

Streak rain- rain, which does not come in a continuous front, but in stripes, when the clouds are uneven, with holes. This happens if the wind breaks cumulus cloud formations in the stratosphere, and below the rain can, for example, go on one street, but not on the next. Streaky rains happen in summer.

Step 5

Incessant rain- in contrast to the stripe, it goes on the offensive all over the sky. Overcast clouds cover the entire visible space with a heavy curtain, the rain, as a rule, is not strong, but it can drag on for several days until all the moisture pours out or the wind blows the clouds to the side. The rain is rather autumnal, but it can also be annoying in rainy summers.

Step 6

Drizzling rain- an autumn guest. It can charge for a long time, comes in small, infrequent drops, usually cold. Light drizzle can be caused by fog when moisture in the air is concentrated into droplets.

Step 7

Slanting rain- rain at strong gusts wind, another name - "overlap", which speaks for itself. Jets of rain do not fall on the ground vertically, but, blown away by the wind, at an angle. Not the most pleasant rain.

Step 8

Rain with snow- this rain falls in the cold season, in late autumn or early spring, or during a slight thaw in winter. The ambient temperature keeps the raindrops from freezing, so they fall with the snowflakes.

Step 9

Freezing rain- not a frequent hypostasis of rain. Freezing rain falls below freezing in the form of moisture, which immediately freezes on any surface. Freezing rain happened in Moscow in December 2010, decorated all the trees in ice coats, like fabulous pictures. At the same time, sidewalks and roadways, eaves of houses, trolleybus lines and much more were covered with an ice crust, which was not too safe.

Step 10

Rain with hail – weather phenomenon summer period... Unlike rain and snow or freezing rain falls to the ground in warm seasons... Together with the rain, hailstones, lumps of icy moisture, the size of which can reach a pigeon's egg, fall to the ground. Hail rain is dangerous for agricultural crops, and large hailstones can damage even buildings.