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Children about winter. Winter months - December

WHAT YOU NEED TO TELL CHILDREN ABOUT WINTER
plants, animals, snow, labor, nature

Winter-winter... This is the coldest time of the year. Winter months are December, January and February.

What changes occur in inanimate nature in winter?

With the onset of winter it becomes colder and frosts come. Almost always in winter the sky is covered with clouds, which no longer bring rain, but snow. It covers the ground, tree branches, and roofs of houses. Frost freezes lakes, rivers, and streams with ice. This happens because the sun at this time of year is low above the ground and does not warm the earth. Cold air brings clouds, in which droplets of rain turn into snowflakes under the influence of cold.

In calm weather, snowflakes fall to the ground calmly, but as soon as the wind blows, they rise snowstorm, leaving behind drifts and snowdrifts. In winter there are severe frosts. In such weather, the snow becomes loose and creaky.

Sometimes in winter, warm air currents reach snowy areas and slightly increase the air temperature. The thaw is coming - warm sunny days, during which the snow becomes soft, and snowballs and snowmen can be made from it.

White, patterned
Little star,
You fly into my hand
Sit a minute!
The star spun
There's a little in the air
Sat down and melted
On my palm.

The top layer of water in reservoirs - rivers, lakes, ponds and streams - freezes and becomes covered with a thick layer of ice.

At the end of winter, when the sun warms the roofs, the snow begins to melt, but the frost manages to turn the water into icicles. During the thaw, when the glass of the windows is covered with a thin layer of water, the frost forms fantastic patterns on them. This is a thin layer of ice, which consists of tiny crystals folded into bizarre shapes.

What are the types of snow and ice?

Sometimes tree branches, telephone wires, and antennas on the roofs of houses become covered with frost - fluffy snow.
Snow and ice are lighter than water, so in the spring, ice floes and snowdrifts float down the river until they melt and turn into water.
Brittle, transparent ice and loose, loose snow turn into water under the influence of heat, and water under the influence of cold turns into ice and snow.

Plants in winter

At the end of winter, new changes occur in inanimate nature. The sun rises higher above the earth, shines brighter and appears more often from behind the clouds. Although the frosts have not yet weakened, on sunny days the snow is already beginning to melt. During the night, the melted snow freezes again, and by morning a crust appears - a dense ice crust. Snow covers the ground with a thick carpet, under which, despite the cold, life continues. It turns out that it is the blanket of snow that keeps plants alive. If you measure the air temperature above the snow and under the snow, on the soil, it will be very different. Above the snow, the thermometer shows 40° below zero, but on the soil - only 10° below zero. Even if the snow thickness is small, only 10 centimeters, the temperature on the soil will be 15-20° higher than above the snow. That's why such herbaceous plants like strawberries, covered with snow, do not die and even continue to grow. Wheat, strawberries, cranberries, and rye overwinter under the snow.

A blanket of snow warms not only plants, but also animals that get their food by making tunnels in the snow. Mostly mice. They feed on the seeds of plants covered with snow. The dens of bears, the holes of badgers and hedgehogs are also covered with snow, which keeps them warm.

Most plants prepare for winter in advance. In autumn, some herbaceous plants, withering, leave their seeds on the soil. New grasses will grow from them in the spring. Plants that reproduce by tubers, bulbs and rhizomes remain in the soil under a blanket of snow. Some of them, for example, goose onion, corydalis, and oak anemone, continue to grow and turn green even under the snow, and bloom with the arrival of warmth.

Conifers overwinter with green leaves. Cones remain on them all winter. Fruits also remain on other plants - maple, acacia, mountain ash, rose hips, elderberry.

Trees and shrubs, shackled by the cold, fall into winter sleep. But despite the fact that almost all the trees have shed their leaves for the winter, buds remain on their branches. Already at the end of January, the buds on the willow are increasing. Inside the bud are small green leaves. The outside of the buds is covered with dark scales. When the buds enlarge, they shed their scales and become covered with light fluff. That’s why willows look like they’re covered in silver by the end of winter. Buds are also growing on other trees. Winter does not stop plant growth, it only delays it.

Birds in winter

Cold and lack of food force migratory birds to fly to warmer climes, but wintering types find food for themselves. They feed on insects hidden in dry leaves, under the bark of trees, in cracks in houses and fences. In addition, buds, fruits and seeds remained on the branches of trees and bushes.

Some birds, such as tits and nuthatches, use reserves in winter that they made in the fall.

Crossbills feed on spruce and pine seeds. The seeds of these trees ripen in winter, so crossbills hatch chicks at this time of year. They have enough food to feed themselves and their offspring. Crossbill chicks are not cold in winter because they are always well-fed.

During blizzards and snowfalls, as well as severe frost When trees are covered with frost, it is difficult for birds to get insects from under the bark. After several hours of starvation, some birds may die. Therefore, it is very important to feed birds in winter. Set up feeders in gardens, parks and public gardens. Birds fly to feeders and peck not only the seeds, grains and bread crumbs you leave, but also insect pests on trees and shrubs located next to the feeder. This is how birds bring great benefits.

If birds constantly find food in the feeders, then they will fly to them in the summer, which means they will clean the trees of pests all year round.

Along the silver path
As soon as New Year comes,
On a high thin leg
The miracle Christmas tree is rising.

This is not a simple tree,
And it's not for guys.
Flying near the Christmas tree,
Birds whistle merrily.

There are woodpeckers and titmice here,
Bullfinches and sparrows -
Everybody wants to have fun
Near your Christmas tree!

Toys don't shine on her
And the star does not shine,
But there are feeders for birds
We hung it there!

Flocks of birds arrive
To our Christmas tree in the winter garden,
And in the garden without stopping
The bells are ringing.
Z.Alexandrova

Animals in winter

Fluffy fur and warm wool save animals from the winter cold. The main concern for animals in winter time is food. Even a badger, which has accumulated enough fat in the fall and hibernated during the winter, sometimes wakes up to eat something from its reserves.
Only the bear does not wake up - he has enough fat for the whole winter. The bear sleeps very lightly. We can say that he is not sleeping, but dozing, listening to everything that is happening around him.
By the end of winter, the mother bear gives birth to small, blind cubs. The bear feeds them with her milk. Only a month later, in the spring, when the sun warms up, the cubs begin to see clearly and come out of the den to play and learn to get food for themselves.
Not only winter frost, but the animals are not afraid of hunger either. They have long adapted to living in winter conditions and they know that food must be stored in the fall.
In winter, foxes, hares, moose, and wolves can find food for themselves. The main winter food of foxes is mice. Thanks to its keen vision, hearing and sense of smell, the fox finds up to 20 mice a day.
Deer, moose and hares feed on the bark of trees and shrubs in winter. This is not as nutritious food as grass, so people feed them with hay, aspen and willow branches and salt.
The chipmunk stores up to 10 kilograms of nuts and grains for the winter. He brings them in cheek pouches and hides them in his storerooms.
A squirrel sometimes hides its supplies so much that later it cannot find them. Then she has to eat spruce and pine seeds. She especially likes the seeds from spruce cones: they contain more fat than pine cones and are much more nutritious.
On warm autumn days, the small animal vole brings various grains and seeds into its burrow and puts them in separate burrows.
But some animals do not make any reserves. The river otter doesn't need them. In ice water she is not cold and always has enough food. It feeds on fish, frogs, crayfish and water rats. Fish can easily find food in winter, but they can die from lack of air: air does not pass through the ice. It becomes difficult for fish to breathe, so in winter people make holes in the ice. To prevent the water from freezing again, straw is placed in the hole and sprinkled with snow.

Pets in winter
Pets don't look for food; people take care of that. Since summer, farmers have been preparing supplies of silage, hay, straw, and grain. In winter, cows, goats, sheep, and pigs are kept in warm rooms where the cleanliness and health of the animals are monitored.
At this time, cows give birth to calves, sheep - lambs, and pigs - piglets. The cubs feed on mother's milk until they are transferred to prepared food.

Winter in the city
Winter in the city is different from winter in the forest or field. Warm buildings, structures, plenty of transport, a large number of people and night lighting increase the air temperature in the city. Therefore, in addition to the sparrows, crows and magpies that are familiar to the city, you can now find starlings, jackdaws, thrushes, woodpeckers, and goldfinches remaining for the winter. Berries on trees and bushes serve as excellent food for them, and attics become good shelters throughout the winter. In addition, birds find food in city landfills.
In winter, small rodents begin to move closer to people's homes. In basements and tunnels they are warm and there is always food. And their enemies - ferrets, weasels, and stoats - follow the mice.

People's work in winter

In winter, people take care of their pets. Several times a day they distribute food, supply water, and remove manure. Receiving good food, cows provide milk in winter, and rabbits, sheep and pigs provide a sufficient amount of meat.

Work does not stop on snow-covered fields - preparations are underway for spring sowing. Manure and fertilizers are transported to the fields and work is carried out to retain snow: shields are installed, deep furrows are plowed - in the spring, the water needed by the soil accumulates in these places. The more moisture there is in the fields, the richer the harvest will be.

In rural workshops, seeders, tractors, cultivators, harrows, and plows are being prepared for spring work. They need to be checked and repaired.

In gardens, plants are covered with snow, protecting them from frost. Near fruit trees It is necessary to compact the snow so that mice do not get to them.

In winter, vitamin-rich sea buckthorn berries are collected. Frozen berries fall from the branches after a light tap on the trunk.

In granaries, they ensure that they have a constant temperature. This is especially important for grain seeds. In vegetable stores, vegetables are regularly sorted, removing rotten ones.
In the city, to prevent snow from interfering with traffic, special machines clear roads, tram and railway tracks. After the thaw, the roads are covered with a layer of ice, so they are sprinkled with sand.

Winter is in a hurry, busy,
Wrapped in snow
All the bumps and stumps,
Benches and haystacks.

Mittens turn white
On birch branches,
So that they don't catch a cold,
To withstand the cold.

Winter told the oak
Throw on lush fur,
I put a fur coat on the spruce tree,
She covered everyone warmly.

Long lasting and reliable
The river held the ice together.
You can walk along the river -
Come join us, New Year!
O. Vysotskaya.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in autumn, winter, spring and summer: description.

Autumn is the golden time of the year, which comes immediately after the hot and sunny summer. Little kids notice dramatic changes, both in the weather and in attitude towards yourself. With the onset of autumn, the scorching rays of the sun replace rainy days, the trees begin to shed their leaves, and the grass turns yellow. Thus, nature is preparing for the onset of cold weather and winter.

Autumn signs of autumn in living and inanimate nature: list

For many schoolchildren, autumn is associated with the beginning of a new school year; at this time, children meet with their friends and classmates, and dress in school uniform go to gain new knowledge.

There are the following signs of the onset of autumn:

Surely the kids noticed when autumn came, the sun had disappeared somewhere, and the sky was covered with clouds. Even in sunny weather, it is no longer so warm outside (you can tell by the way people start dressing). Light T-shirts and dresses are replaced by jackets and jeans, and with the onset of October-December, many people wear coats and jackets.
Despite the fact that summer is hot, there are, of course, windy weather. But it’s more pleasing, because when a warm breeze blows, it’s refreshing. But strong gusts of wind in autumn are not so pleasant, because the cold wind blows with such force that it tears leaves from the trees.
Autumn is characterized by frequent fogs, and mothers begin to monitor weather changes, because in autumn the weather often changes, and dressing correctly is very important at such a time, because... It's very easy to get sick. By the way, with climate change, many children begin to get sick colds, something you rarely see in the summer.
The coming autumn can be seen in the plants, for example, how grapes or currants turn red, chestnuts and many other trees and shrubs turn yellow. In September it is already possible to collect fallen maple leaves. They are often used to make appliques or various bouquets. But it is impossible to determine the onset of autumn by looking at coniferous trees, because such trees are green both in summer and winter.

You can determine weather changes by watching animals. For example, most birds hide from the cold by flying to warmer regions. Of course, there are those who are not afraid of the cold - these are pigeons, crows and sparrows. But heat-loving birds, sensing the onset of rainy autumn, immediately fly far to the south with their chicks.
There are animals that hibernate, such as bears, raccoons, badgers, hedgehogs and many others, especially those that live in minks. The hare, fox and squirrels change their color, making it easier for them to camouflage themselves from predators. As you know, squirrels are very thrifty - so they prepare a lot of nuts and acorns for the winter, which they will feed on throughout the cold weather. And they collect food in the fall, when nuts and acorns are ripe. This can also be observed.
Pesky flies, mosquitoes and many insects also hide with the onset of the slightest cold weather.
Why has the day become shorter? This also characterizes autumn. If the sun sets earlier than usual, then you can expect the onset of cold days. This is a sign of autumn in inanimate nature.
Getting closer to winter, you can see frost in the mornings. These are small particles of dew that have frozen on the leaves and surfaces in an uneven, prickly layer.
There is even ice in the fall; this often happens at the end of November, when the air temperature reaches sub-zero values. By this time people are already wearing hats, gloves and scarves. The weather promises that winter is just around the corner.

Autumn is very bright and beautiful time year, the roads are covered with a golden “blanket”, you can watch beautiful landscapes and watch birds fly away to warmer climes. Even though the weather is rainy in autumn, it gives us the opportunity to observe the beauty of nature.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in autumn: description of observations

On the territory of our country one can often observe changes in the weather and nature, which “adjusts” to the coming changes. Many of the phenomena that we observe are associated specifically with the seasons and are therefore called seasonal. One of the most beautiful times of the year is autumn.

During this period, nature is painted with golden colors, all animals and plants are preparing for the cold winter and you can observe the most amazing changes and phenomena. Autumn is characterized by the following main changes:

Fogs. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the earth heats up during the day, and at night the temperature is already below zero, so fog, dew and even frost are observed with sunrise
Shower. Autumn is associated with rainy weather, and it is during this period that heavy rains- in other words, rain
Wind. It is in the fall that when you go outside you can encounter strong gusts of wind, which are often accompanied by rain or even hail.
It gets dark earlier
Cloudy weather
You can see thin ice on ponds and puddles, but standing on it, much less playing on it, is very dangerous; it’s better to wait until winter
The onset of winter can also be characterized by “Indian” summer. During this period, a heavy milky fog falls to the ground, filling the air with dampness.
At the end of autumn, rainy weather is diluted by light snowfall, after which there is often ice

This is a characteristic of inanimate nature that can be observed in the fall, but changes in living nature include:

Animals such as fox, squirrel and hare change their color
Many animals hibernate in late autumn
Birds fly to warmer climes
Insects also hide from the cold weather; you will no longer see butterflies and ladybugs, the whistle of grasshoppers cannot be heard, bees do not buzz and do not pollinate plants, mosquitoes and flies are also becoming less common
Leaf fall. This is the first sign of what's coming Golden autumn. The castings turn yellow, and with a strong gust of wind, trees and bushes are freed from them. All roads are covered with a beautiful golden carpet

Autumn is a wonderful time of year that prepares nature and people for the cold frosty winter. This time gives us a break from the hot and stuffy summer days. But the first ones who begin to respond to climate changes are plants. Berries and vegetables are fully ripening, and the trees are dressed in golden foliage.

Winter signs of winter in living and inanimate nature: list

In anticipation of the New Year, many children know that the luxurious time of year has arrived - winter. Gifts, holidays and Father Frost and the Snow Maiden are not all indicators that winter has come. Of course, it comes a month earlier - December 1st. This is a fabulous time when you can play in the snow and sculpt a Snow Woman, we see stunning drawings on the windows, and there is beautiful snowy weather outside.

In anticipation of the onset of winter, we are all waiting for a fairy tale, wish fulfillment and magic. This is how we associate cold winter. But these are not all the indicators by which one can determine the onset of such a wonderful period:

Firstly, everyone dresses warmly enough. As outerwear A down jacket or fur coat is used, people wear warm gloves and hats, and in very “severe” weather - huge scarves and thermal underwear. It is very important to dress as warmly as possible in such cold weather, because you can easily catch a cold and miss the entire winter holidays
Snowfall is also the main characteristic of the winter period.
The winter sky is quite heavy and seems to hang right above your head. There is moisture and frosty freshness in the air
Ice. Walking or driving in winter is very dangerous; for convenience, many people wear snowshoes, and their cars are “changed” to winter tires. After all, it’s very easy to slip, and worse, to injure your leg or arm.

If it blows strong wind and snow falls, it turns out to be a blizzard. It’s very exciting to watch such weather from the window, but if you get caught in a strong wind with snow, it’s quite unpleasant
As children, we all really loved icicles. And this is another sign of winter. In other words, an icicle is a cone-shaped piece of ice that can most often be found on roofs or trees.
Animals, birds and insects, unfortunately, can be found very rarely, because birds fly away to warmer climes, animals hibernate, and insects hide from the severe frosts that are typical for winter
Days are much shorter than nights

Despite the cold temperatures and snowstorms, winter is a wonderful time; many games can only be played thanks to the snow that only falls in winter. Skiing, sledding, snowboarding, playing snowballs or sculpting various figures out of snow - these are very exciting and educational activities that are possible only in winter. Therefore, the winter holidays should not be spent sitting in front of a computer monitor, but rather have a great time free time with friends or with family.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in winter: description of observations

Nature is everything that surrounds us and is created by human hands. Conditionally, nature can be divided into living and nonliving. The first group includes plants, animals, fungi, humans, and microbes. But to inanimate nature: the sun, air, stars, soil, precipitation, etc.

In winter, summer, autumn and spring, all phenomena change smoothly, and this is how we can determine the seasons of the year. Winter is the coldest time of the year, but this is also the most beautiful time. Season opens in winter fun games snowball fights, children ride on slides and sleds, make a snow woman, and most importantly, everyone is looking forward to a fabulous New Year. This time can be determined by the following signs:

Snow is more often observed in the form of precipitation. Snowflakes fall to the ground either independently or in flakes. And also only in winter you can see snowfall - this profuse hair loss snow
Blizzard and blizzard
Ice. Of course, all kids love to skate, but this activity is quite dangerous, so you can only play on the ice if accompanied by adults
Icicles can be found on the roofs of houses and tree branches. Therefore, you need to be careful, and it is better not to walk under houses, because if the temperature gets higher, the icicle can easily melt and fall
Santa Claus decorates the windows with beautiful patterns
All rivers and lakes are covered with a thick layer of ice, which is called freeze-up

The following changes can be found in living nature:

Many animals change their color, such as the hare, squirrel and fox
Bears and hedgehogs hibernate
Bullfinches and tits arrive and replace the bulk of the birds
People dress in warm clothes

When the snow begins to melt and the patterns on the windows disappear, the sun begins to warm up, and the days become longer - then winter begins to gradually transition into another season - spring. What other signs of the spring season there are are described in the next paragraph.

Spring signs of spring in living and inanimate nature: list

Spring is associated with new life, because during this period the earth wakes up from hibernation, nature begins to bloom, the first still very green petals and bunches appear. This is the most wonderful time, the sun is brighter and the sky is clear, and there is freshness in the air.

It is very easy to understand exactly when spring begins; there are a large number of phenomena and processes that characterize such a season, for example:

The first green flowers appear
Animals wake up from hibernation
Bunnies, squirrels and foxes again change the color of their coats, so they camouflage themselves with their environment. Many animals begin to shed
Buds appear, and from them - flowers
You can hear the singing of birds returning from warmer climes
Spring is the time for the birth of a new generation in animals
Birds begin to build nests

From inanimate nature:

The first is the melting of snow
Streams begin to gurgle
In winter there are practically no thunderstorms, but in spring you can encounter such a phenomenon
Ice drift - this phenomenon occurs because the ice begins to melt and smoothly moves along the rivers

If you watch what people do, you can also see changes. Spring is considered the time of cleaning, because after winter it is worth cleaning your home. Also, preparations are underway to plant a vegetable garden, especially if a person lives in a rural area.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in spring: description of observations

After cold winter, everyone is looking forward to warmer days. Literally from the very first days of spring, the sun's rays begin to warm up, and at the same time flowers appear, the grass turns green, the trees bloom, and the birds begin to sing. In other words, the Earth comes to life again and wakes up.

The first sign is the snow is melting. The icicles are melting and the beautiful patterns on the windows are gradually disappearing.
The day is getting longer.
If in winter there are often leaden clouds, and the sky is gray and dull, then in spring the sky becomes lighter, the clouds disperse and the sky becomes clean and clear.
Plants also react to the arrival of spring and demonstrate this by the appearance of green leaves, buds, spruce and alder blooming young cones. Flowers gradually bloom, bees and other insects appear.

Spring is also associated with the fluffy “seals” of the willow tree; they are carried to church on Palm Sunday. Also, one of the most important spring holidays is March 8th. This is International Women's Day, and flowers such as tulips are considered a symbol.
The birds are flying home again, and this can be heard from the beautiful singing. Swallows begin to build nests and have offspring.
Animals change their warm clothes to lighter ones. At the same time, the color of the coat itself.
People also change their wardrobe, fur coats, warm hats and the boots are hidden until next winter.

Vienna also has more exciting activities, for example, closer to May holidays, many go fishing, pick mushrooms, start grilling kebabs and relax a lot in nature, enjoying the beautiful nature.

Summer signs of summer in living and inanimate nature: list

Of course, all children know when summer begins, because... after a difficult school year, the long-awaited summer holidays. That's why summer is the best favorite time per year. Many go to visit their grandmothers or to a resort with their parents. The sea, the beach and a lot of fun await every child. But this is not the only indicator that summer has come; there are also such changes in living and inanimate nature, for example:

Weather. The wind is dry, the temperature is high, so even the nights in summer are quite warm. But if the day is very hot and the sky is clear as a tear, at one moment it can start raining with a thunderstorm, after which you can often see a rainbow
In the morning you can find dew on the leaves and grass
Winds can be strong with variable gusts and frequent changes of direction

The hot days of summer are diluted by rainy weather, and summer rain is divided into several types:

Ordinary
Short term. It is also called blind or mushroom, accompanied by sunny weather
Shower. It starts suddenly. For very a short time A large amount of water falls out. Accompanied by wind and thunder
City-shaped. Along with the water droplets, hail particles also fall out. They flow powerfully and quickly, which consequently negatively affects agriculture

The grass is bright green
In summer, berries and fruits ripen, flowers bloom
Already at the beginning of summer you can collect mushrooms after the rain

In summer, people dress quite lightly, wear Sunglasses and hats that protect from hot weather sun rays. IN agriculture Summer is a very important period; agronomists and landowners are cultivating the soil, looking after their gardens, picking berries and preserving them for the winter.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in summer: description of observations

According to the textbook " The world» children starting from the second grade can become familiar with various anomalies and changes environment. All these changes change smoothly along with the seasons of the year, which is why they are often called seasonal.

The main objects and phenomena that can be encountered in the summer are:

Hot weather
Strong gusts of warm wind
Rains, after which you can collect mushrooms
Thunder is a sound phenomenon that is often accompanied by lightning
After the rain a rainbow appears
In the morning you can observe such a phenomenon as dew.
The plants are dressed in green petals, there is a scent of flowers, and the fruits are ripening
You can hear birds singing, bees buzzing and crickets ringing
Day longer than the night, and you can watch the beautiful stars through the transparent and clear sky.

Each season of the year is unique and beautiful in its own way:

In autumn, all nature, plants, animals and people prepare for the cold. Trees turn yellow and shed their leaves, animals make provisions for the winter, change color, and some are preparing for hibernation. Birds fly to warmer climes, and insects hide. People take out warm clothes and umbrellas, collect ripe fruits and wait for frost.
Winter is the time for snow-white fairy tales and fun games in the snow. The entire surface of the earth is covered with a thick layer of snow and ice. With the beginning of winter, children and adults are looking forward to the New Year holidays.
In spring the earth wakes up from winter sleep, everything around is blooming, and a fresh aroma is floating in the air. Birds return, animals also change their coats and crawl out of their burrows and continue their offspring. You can already find insects, birds and midges. And people are slowly planting vegetable gardens and orchards and preparing for the hot summer.
Summer is my favorite time of year, because... The long-awaited vacation begins. Finally, you can enjoy warm days, soak up the sun and swim in the sea. Already at the beginning of summer you can savor delicious berries and fruits. In the summer you can pick mushrooms, go to the forest to pick flowers and relax in the fresh air.

Video: Living and inanimate nature - objects and phenomena, educational for children

Irina Antonova
Lesson summary “Signs of winter”

Progress of the lesson:

Mystery: Snow on the fields,

Ice on the rivers

The wind is blowing.

When does this happen?

Well done, you easily guessed that today we will talk about winter, oh signs, by which we determine the onset of this time of year.

When does winter come to our region? What month does calendar winter begin from? How do we determine that winter has already arrived?

No one will ever confuse winter with another season. Picture winter always draws snow. Snow is not only paints: White color on the surface of the earth or white snow on tree branches. Snow changes the appearance of the trees, bare in the fall, they dress in white clothes, and the forest does not look as dark and gloomy as in late autumn.

Look at the illustrations about winter.

Now let's play a game, it's called "What happened? Why? I'll understand that now!"

By answering the teacher’s questions, children identify the main signs of winter.

What's happened?

1. It became cold.

2. Permanent snow cover.

3. Freezing of soil and water bodies.

4. The days are short, the nights are long.

5. There are few birds, insects have disappeared.

6. Plants are sleeping.

7. Some animals change color.

Low air temperature, little solar heat.

The sun shines less often.

It's cold, the insects are hibernating.

Now guys, let's get acquainted with new winter words. What do you think a thaw, blizzard and frost mean? (Children's answers).

Results classes:

About which signs of winter we spoke?

What are all these changes in nature connected with?

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Winter is a fierce time, especially in the north of the planet. Sometimes its appearance does not coincide with calendar time. Signs of winter may appear earlier. The slushy weather changes to frost, ponds freeze, and the ground is covered with a white blanket of snow. During this period the days are short and the nights are cold.

The first signs of winter. Snow

Nature calendar

Frost and snow appear in different ways. Nature has its own calendar, so signs of winter are noticeable in different times of the year.

Every year the timing of the annual seasons changes. Therefore, spring may come early or, conversely, late. This happens in winter too. Every year maybe different quantities precipitation, there may be more clear or cloudy days, the temperature can also present its own surprises.

It is important for many people to monitor fluctuations in nature. Gardeners, landowners, fishermen, and hunters pay attention to them. Depends on weather conditions such industries:

poultry farming;
Agriculture;
fishing;
livestock farming;
sericulture;
beekeeping.

End of winter

Winter doesn't last forever, it ends eventually. The first thawed patches appear and the ground is visible. Previously, they can be seen on the slopes, and then - in the fields. But in the north, in the forests, snow can last a long time.

Migratory birds are starting to return home. The first to be noticed are the rooks. But there are also places of their residence from which they do not fly away, since there are no harsh winters there.

The beginning of winter in nature

There are signs of winter in wildlife. You can observe the following changes:

Trees and bushes are shedding leaves. This happens because there is little light in winter, so they don’t need this part. Only coniferous trees They don’t lose leaves, they fall out gradually so that new ones can grow. These needles of fir trees and pine trees are covered with a coating that protects them from severe frosts.
In winter there is little food. For this reason, animals, such as bears, hibernate. The ones that continue to lead active life, are overgrown with a warm fur coat. Such changes will prevent them from freezing. By the way, the hare turns white for the winter, and the hedgehog finds cozy place and sleeps there, curled up in a ball, until spring.
The number of birds decreases in winter, as migratory birds fly to regions where it is warmer. Only those who have adapted to eat food remain different kinds stern. And many insects disappear in winter, so it becomes more difficult for birds to find food.

These are signs of winter in living nature.

What is snow made of?

Snowflakes come in various sizes, but no larger than 5 mm. And openwork weaving differs from each other, surprising with its uniqueness. There are different signs of winter, but snow is considered the most basic. Snowflakes are symmetrical, have clear geometric edges, and are connected into a hexagon. The water molecule has a hexagonal shape. Because of this, when she freezes in the clouds, she transforms into small crystals. Formation occurs with the capture of neighboring molecules. Thus, a chain of frozen molecules is obtained.

The resulting shape is affected by air temperature and humidity. Snow plays in winter important role, as it provides protection to the earth in cold weather, covering it with a blanket of snow. It allows you to keep warm, plants and small animals will not die in such conditions. If there is no snow, winter crops will not produce a harvest. Snow also retains moisture, which is needed in spring.

Games for children that will help you recognize the beginning of winter

Many parents want their child to quickly be able to tell what signs of winter exist. You can teach him this by playing. At the same time, his mental capacity will develop and improve.

The first game is called "Homemade Lotto". It can be used for 3-year-old children. The signs of winter will become clear to children and they will be able to talk about it. To do this, you need to make a lotto for each season. Pictures are collected showing signs of winter and other periods of the year. After this, you need to invite your child to choose from the drawings those that are associated with the winter period. The parent can take out the pictures one by one, and the baby must identify the signs of the cold season. To make it interesting for the child, you can later switch roles with him. This will allow him to consolidate his knowledge. It is allowed to make mistakes so that the child corrects his parent.

Like previous game, you can write the words on cardboard: signs for the word “winter” and other seasons. The activity is similar to the previous one, the child must collect words related to winter.

The game “What to Wear” develops a child’s thoughts well. To do this, you will need clothing that should be worn in different time of the year. The child must choose from the pile only those things that are suitable for winter. The parent can also show one wardrobe attribute at a time, and the children make a conclusion regarding it. The same game can be played with shoes. If you are concerned that things will get dirty, you can use pictures. They should depict different clothes. For the child to develop his logical thinking, you can ask why he chose a particular thing.

You can help recognize the signs of winter while walking. When the mother goes for a walk with the baby outside, he can begin to talk about the changes that have come with the advent of the winter period. A parent can help the children, noting that the dog’s fur has become thicker, and smoke can be seen from the cottages, as the stove is being heated there. The child will realize that with the arrival of winter it becomes cold, which is why such changes occur.

You can also play winter words. To do this, participants name words associated with winter one by one. For example, cold, snow, Santa Claus, Snowman and others. If someone doesn't know what word to say, they're out of the game. The last remaining participant is the winner.

So, there are a lot of changes when winter comes. Every person should notice them, and children should be helped to see these signs.

Ambient natural world. Class “Special Child” Topic: “Winter”.

Target : give an idea of winter, the signs of winter. Develop oral speech, attention, thinking, fine motor skills fingers Bring up careful attitude to nature.

During the classes.

ONU

Listen to the poem and tell me what time of year it is talking about?

White snow fluffy
Spinning in the air
And the ground is quiet
Falls, lies down.

And in the morning snow
The field turned white
Like a veil
Everything dressed him.

Dark forest with a hat
Covered up weird
And fell asleep under her
Strong, unstoppable...

God's days short,
The sun shines little
Here come the frosts -
And winter has come.

Worker - peasant
He pulled out the sleigh,
Snowy mountains
The kids are building...

Ivan Surikov

Look at the picture. Prove that it depicts winter.

Today we will talk about winter.

Learning new material.

What is today's date? Name the month. This is the first month of winter. The second winter month is January and the third is February.

Comparison of two paintings (autumn and winter nature)

Why do you think the river froze and it started snowing? State the main reason for these changes. ( main reason changes - cold.)Hang a card with the sign “cold” on the board.
Game "Shop".
- And now I invite you to the store. (Pictures of clothes are hidden in the cereal) Take out the picture and name the item. You can buy something that is suitable for the winter season. One person at a time goes out and “buys” clothes. Why did the guys choose these clothes? (it's cold in winter, so you need to dress warmly)

This is another sign of winter - people dress warmly. Hang the sign of winter “people dress warmly” on the board.
- Guys, clothes don’t warm us when it’s cold, but keep our body warm.

Guess the riddle and find out another sign of winter.

The stars began to spin,
They began to lie down on the ground,
No, not stars, but fluffs,
Not fluff, but... (snowflakes)

Complete the sentence: in winter it’s... (snow)

Snow - what is it? (frozen water)

How do snowflakes form, who knows? “The fairy tale by H. C. Andersen will help you get answers to this.” The Snow Queen».

Show a slide depicting a moment from a fairy tale.

Raise your hands, who knows this fairy tale?

“The Snow Queen picked up Kai and they found themselves at sky-high heights. Kai learned there the secret of the birth of snowflakes. When air and water vapor rise high into the sky, the water vapor turns into water, which freezes in the cold, turning into ice crystals. Once in the cloud, they become larger and take the form of snowflakes, which intertwine together and form thick fluffy flakes. Having fallen to the ground, they form snowdrifts.”

If you are interested in a book, ask your parents to read it to you.

Drawing snowflakes.

Guys, there are no identical snowflakes in the world.

Let's see if you can make identical snowflakes. Draw your snowflake in one minute. Show them.

Physical exercise.

Now everyone stand up. Let's fly like snowflakes.

But then they were surrounded by a blizzard. Let's spin around.

And now we quietly fall to the ground. Sit down.

– Snow is not only a winter decoration, but also warm clothing for plants.

What difficulties do animals and birds face in winter? How do they prepare for the cold? - How can you help them?

Now we will prepare food for the birds.

Practical work.