Why can't children eat mushrooms? When to give mushrooms to a child? The condition is not critical. Video: Forest mushroom poisoning

The development and health of a child depends on the nutrition of the child. That is why parents need to know exactly what foods can be given to babies, and the consumption of which is best to refuse. The purpose of this article is to figure out whether children can be given mushrooms.

A few words about mushrooms

Initially, it should be noted that our grandfathers and great-grandfathers have been collecting mushrooms since ancient times. This is the product that has been known to our body since time immemorial. That is why many people think that they can be safely given to children. After all, everything that has grown on native land is useful as food. However, this is unfortunately not the case.

So, can children have mushrooms? What do specialists far from pediatrics think about this? Mycologists say that all fungi feed from the soil with the help of multiple branches - mycelium. They are able to extract from the soil not only useful trace elements, but also such as pesticides, radionuclides. They perfectly accumulate such as lead, zinc, mercury, copper and cadmium. And all this is transferred to the person. It should be noted that these elements do not completely leave the fungus even after its thorough heat treatment. So mycologists definitely do not advise giving this food to children. Include mushrooms in the diet, in their opinion, as late as possible.

The first "can't". hard to digest

So, we begin to understand why children cannot mushrooms. So, this plant is great source not only proteins, but also coarse fiber (fungin). Mushrooms also contain many B vitamins, which are essential for the cells of our body. However, there is a certain "but" here. These components are very difficult to digest even by an adult organism. Especially childish. In addition, babies are not yet able to absorb even a fraction of the protein found in mushrooms. After all, children do not yet have the enzymes necessary for this. And they are produced by about 10 years of age.

The second "can't". Accumulators of harmful

Why can't children eat mushrooms? So, scientists say that these plants are able to accumulate a huge amount of harmful substances from their environment. So that the fungus is completely safe, it must grow in an ecologically clean zone. It is important that the place of its cultivation is far from roads and industrial enterprises so that the nearby waters are clean and unpolluted. There are very, very few places like this left on our planet. It is also important to note that mushrooms are capable of accumulating radiation in themselves. So before taking them, you need to think carefully whether it is worth consuming them not only for babies, but also for adults themselves.

The third "no". Virulence

The next reason why children shouldn't eat mushrooms is the lack of confidence in their nature. Even the most experienced mushroom picker can make a mistake and confuse a normal mushroom with a poisonous one. Especially dangerous in this case are hand-bought products on the market. After all, not every person can understand whether there are normal or dangerous mushrooms in the basket. The exception is mushrooms. It is very difficult to confuse them with grebe.

The fourth "no". Failure to properly process

Why can't children eat mushrooms? So, it is worth noting that they need to be able to cook properly. And not everyone knows how to do it. Most mushrooms need to be boiled three times, collecting foam from them. They need to be cleaned first. For example, you need to remove a slippery crust from butter. This is very important to do, because it gives bitterness and accumulates harmful substances in itself. And, unfortunately, not everyone knows about it.

A few words about champignons

From the foregoing, we can draw a simple conclusion: mushrooms are not allowed for children. They need to be introduced into the child's diet as late as possible. But often parents ask themselves the question: "What is the situation with champignons?". After all, they are no longer collected in natural environment and grown on special farms. Yes, it has its pros and cons. The main positive: you can’t confuse them with bad mushroom. Those. normal champignons cannot poison your body. However, not everyone knows that there are several varieties of this plant. So, if the fungus is a little overexposed on the farm, it outgrows and has a not so beneficial effect on the human body. The safest are pure white champignons. Slightly blackened - these are already second- or third-rate plants. The next point: champignons are easier to digest and do not give such a huge load on the body, such as mushrooms. But they are still capable of accumulating harmful substances in themselves. And on farms, they are necessarily sprayed with special chemicals for good appearance and as protection against diseases. So before moving towards champignons, you first need to think carefully about whether it is worth giving them to the baby at all.

Age

When is it possible to give mushrooms to children? From what age they will not provide negative impact for a growing body? So, the opinions of experts in this matter differ (however, as with the reception of chocolate). The age of children in this case is in the range from one and a half to ten years. Why is that? It's about about different mushrooms. If we talk about oyster mushrooms or champignons, a three-year-old child can already make soups or gravies on this ingredient. If the mushrooms are “heavy”, it is better not to give them to children under the age of ten.

Restrictions

1. Children absolutely should not be given pickled mushrooms. Not only are they already difficult to digest, but in this case they contain a huge amount of salt and vinegar.
2. Until it is better not to give mushrooms to children as an ingredient in pies or along with stewed cabbage. This combination is very difficult to digest.
3. Mushrooms can cause allergies and various food reactions. This is worth remembering. So for the first time you need to give the child a small dose of this food. Next, you need to follow the reaction. And only on the basis of this to draw certain conclusions.

Simple Conclusions

It's time to sum up a little. So, what kind of mushrooms can children eat? Which ones are the safest? These are champignons, as well as oyster mushrooms grown artificially.

From what age, i.e. When can children eat mushrooms? You need to introduce them into the diet as late as possible. "Light" mushrooms can be given from the age of three, but initially it is better as sauces or gravy. Children should try "heavy" mushrooms no earlier than 10 years of age. And even later.

All life on Earth is usually attributed to either the plant or animal world, however, there are special organisms - fungi, which for a long time scientists found it difficult to assign to a certain class. Mushrooms are unique in their structure, mode of life and diversity. They are represented by a huge number of varieties and differ in the mechanism of their existence even among themselves. Mushrooms were first attributed to plants, then to animals, and only recently it was decided to attribute them to their own, special kingdom. Mushrooms are neither a plant nor an animal.

What are mushrooms?

Mushrooms, unlike plants, do not contain the pigment chlorophyll, which gives the foliage a green color and extracts nutrients from carbon dioxide. Mushrooms are not able to independently produce nutrients, but extract them from the object on which they grow: tree, soil, plants. Eating ready-made substances brings mushrooms very close to animals. In addition, moisture is vital for this group of living organisms, so they are not able to exist where there is no liquid.

Mushrooms can be hat, mold and yeast. It is the hats that we collect in the forest. mold mushrooms- this is a well-known mold, yeast - yeast and similar very small microorganisms. Fungi can grow on living organisms or feed on their metabolic products. fungi can create mutually beneficial relationship With higher plants and insects, this relationship is called symbiosis. Mushrooms are a must digestive system herbivores. They play a very important role in the life of not only animals, plants, but also humans.

Diagram of the structure of a cap mushroom

Everyone knows that a mushroom consists of a stem and a cap, and we cut them off when we collect mushrooms. However, this is only a small part of the fungus, called the "fruiting body". By the structure of the fruiting body, you can determine the edible mushroom or not. Fruiting bodies consist of intertwined threads, these are "hyphae". If you turn the mushroom over and look at the cap from below, you will notice that some mushrooms have thin plastics there (these are agaric mushrooms), while others look like a sponge (spongy mushrooms). It is there that spores (very small seeds) are formed that are necessary for the reproduction of the fungus.

The fruiting body is only 10% of the fungus itself. The main part of the fungus is the mycelium, it is not visible to the eye, because it is located in the soil or tree bark and is also an interweaving of hyphae. Another name for mycelium is "mycelium". Big square mycelium is necessary for the collection of nutrients and moisture by the fungus. In addition, it attaches the fungus to the surface and promotes further spread along it.

edible mushrooms

The most popular edible mushrooms among mushroom pickers include: porcini mushroom, boletus, boletus, butterdish, flywheel, honey agaric, milk mushroom, russula, chanterelle, camelina, volnushka.

One mushroom can have many varieties, which is why mushrooms with the same name can look different.

White mushroom (boletus) mushroom pickers adore for its unsurpassed taste and aroma. It is very similar in shape to a barrel. The cap of this mushroom is similar to a round pillow and has Brown color pale to dark. Its surface is smooth. The pulp is dense white color, odorless and has a pleasant nutty taste. Leg white fungus very voluminous, up to 5 cm thick, white, sometimes beige. Most of it is underground. This mushroom can be harvested from June to October in coniferous, deciduous or mixed forests and appearance it depends on where it grows. You can use white mushroom in any form.

Common boletus

Common boletus (boletus) also a mushroom quite desirable for mushroom pickers. Its hat is also pillow-shaped and is either light brown or dark brown. Its diameter is up to 15 cm. The flesh of the cap is white, but may turn slightly pink on the cut. The length of the leg is up to 15 cm. It widens slightly downward and has a light gray color with brown scales. The boletus grows in deciduous and mixed forests from June to late autumn. He loves the light very much, so most often he can be found on the edges. Boletus can be consumed boiled, fried and stewed.

boletus

boletus(redhead) is easy to recognize by interesting color his hat, reminiscent of autumn foliage. The color of the cap depends on the place of growth. It varies from almost white to yellow-red or brown. At the point of fracture, the pulp begins to change color, darkens to black. The boletus leg is very dense and large, reaching a length of 15 cm. In appearance, the boletus differs from the boletus in that it has black spots on its legs, as it were, drawn horizontally, while the boletus has more vertically. This mushroom can be collected from early summer to October. It is most often found in deciduous and mixed forests, in aspen forests and undergrowth.

butterdish

butterdish has a fairly wide hat, up to 10 cm in diameter. It can be colored from yellow to chocolate, convex shape. The peel can be easily separated from the pulp of the cap and to the touch it can be very slimy, slippery. The flesh in the cap is soft, yellowish and juicy. In young butterflies, the sponge under the hat is covered with a white film; in adults, a skirt remains on the leg from it. The leg has the shape of a cylinder. It is yellow at the top and slightly darker at the bottom. Oilseed grows in coniferous forests on sandy soil from May to November. It can be consumed pickled, dried and salted.

Kozlyak

Kozlyak very similar to the old butter dish, but the sponge under the hat is darker, with large pores and there is no skirt on the leg.

mokhovik

Mokhoviki have a cushion-shaped hat with velvet skin from brown to dark green. The leg is dense, yellow-brown. The flesh may turn blue or green on the cut and has a brown color. The most common are green and yellow-brown mossiness mushrooms. They have excellent taste qualities and can be consumed fried and dried. Be sure to clean the hat before eating it. Mossiness mushrooms grow in deciduous and coniferous forests temperate latitudes from mid-summer to mid-autumn.

Dubovik

Dubovik grows mainly in oak forests. In appearance, it resembles a white mushroom in shape, and in color it resembles a flywheel. The surface of the cap in young mushrooms is velvety, in wet weather it is mucous. From touch, the hat is covered with dark spots. The pulp of the fungus is yellowish, dense, red or reddish at the base of the stem, turns blue on the cut, then turns brown, odorless, the taste is mild. The mushroom is edible, but it is easy to confuse it with inedibles: satanic and gall mushrooms. If part of the leg is covered with a dark mesh, this is not a oak tree, but its inedible counterpart. In an olive-brown oak, the flesh on the cut immediately turns blue, and in poisonous double slowly changes color first to red, and then turns blue.

All the mushrooms described above are spongy. Among spongy fungi, only gall fungus and satanic mushroom, they look like white, but immediately change color on the cut, and even pepper is not edible, because it is bitter, about them below. But among agaric a lot of inedible and poisonous, so the child should remember the names and descriptions edible mushrooms before going on a "silent hunt".

Honey agaric

Honey agaric grows on the base of trees, and meadow agaric - in the meadows. Its convex hat up to 10 cm in diameter has a yellowish-brown color, similar to an umbrella. The length of the leg is up to 12 cm. In the upper part it is light and has a ring (skirt), and at the bottom it acquires a brownish tint. The pulp of the mushroom is dense, dryish, with a pleasant smell.

The autumn mushroom grows from August to October. It can be found on both dead and living trees. The hat is brownish, dense, the plates are yellowish, there is a white ring on the leg. Most often it is found in a birch grove. This mushroom can be eaten dried, fried, pickled and boiled.

Autumn honey agaric

Summer honey agaric, like autumn, grows on stumps all summer and even in autumn. Its cap is darker along the edge than in the middle and thinner than that of autumn honey agarics. There is a brown ring on the leg.

Honey agaric summer

The honey agaric has been growing in meadows and pastures since the end of May. Sometimes mushrooms form a circle, which mushroom pickers call the "witch's ring".

Honey agaric meadow

Russula

Russula have a round cap with easily detachable skin along the edges. The hat reaches 15 cm in diameter. The cap can be convex, flat, concave or funnel-shaped. Its color varies from red-brown and blue-gray to yellowish and light gray. The leg is white, fragile. The flesh is also white. Russula can be found in both deciduous and coniferous forests. They also grow in the birch park, and on the banks of the river. The first mushrooms appear in late spring, and the largest number occurs in early autumn.

Chanterelle

Chanterelle- an edible mushroom that looks and tastes good. Her velvety hat is distinguished by a red color and resembles a funnel in shape with folds along the edges. Its flesh is dense and has the same color as the cap. The hat flows smoothly into the leg. The leg is also red, smooth, tapering downwards. Its length is up to 7 cm. Chanterelle is found in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests. It can often be found in moss and among coniferous trees. It grows from June to November. You can use it in any form.

breast

breast has a concave hat with a funnel in the center and wavy edges. It is firm to the touch and fleshy. The surface of the cap is white and is covered with fluff, it is dry or vice versa, mucous and wet, depending on the type of breast. The pulp is brittle and when broken, a white juice with a bitter taste is released. Depending on the type of milk mushroom, the juice may turn yellow or turn pink when broken. The leg of the mushroom is dense, white. This mushroom grows in deciduous and mixed forests, often covered with dry foliage so that it is not visible, but only a mound is visible. You can collect it from the first summer month to September. Mushrooms are well suited for pickling. Much less often they are fried or consumed boiled. The breast is also black, but black has a much worse taste.

White mushroom (real)

Dry breast (loader)

aspen mushroom

Black breast

Volnushka

Volnushki they are distinguished by a small hat, which has an impression in the center and a beautiful fringe along slightly tucked edges. Its color varies from yellowish to pink. The flesh is white and firm. it conditionally edible mushroom. The juice has a very bitter taste, so before you cook this mushroom, you need to soak it for a long time. The leg is dense, up to 6 cm in length. Volnushki love wet areas and grow in deciduous and mixed forests, preferring birch. They are best collected from August to September. Volnushki can be eaten in salted and pickled form.

Ginger

mushrooms similar to volnushki, but larger in size, they do not have a fringe along the edges, they are light orange in color, and the flesh on the cut is also orange, turning green along the edge. The mushroom does not have bitter juice, so you can cook it immediately without soaking it. The mushroom is edible. Ryzhik fried, boiled and marinated.

Champignon

Champignons grow in the forest, and in the city, and even in landfills and basements from summer to autumn. While the mushroom is young, its cap has the shape of a half ball of white or grayish color, back side hats are covered with a white veil. When the hat opens, the veil turns into a skirt on a leg, exposing gray plates with spores. Mushrooms are edible, they are fried, boiled, marinated without special pre-treatment.

violinist

A fungus that creaks slightly when you run a fingernail over it or rub hats, many call it a squeaker. It grows in coniferous and deciduous forests, usually in groups. The violinist looks like a milk mushroom, but unlike the milk mushroom, its plates are cast in a yellowish or greenish color, and the hat may also not be pure white, moreover, it is velvety. The flesh of the mushroom is white, very dense, hard, but brittle, with a slight pleasant smell and a very pungent taste. When broken, it exudes a very caustic white milky juice. The white flesh becomes greenish-yellow when exposed to air. Milky juice, drying, becomes reddish. Violin is a conditionally edible mushroom, it is edible in salt form after soaking.

Value (goby) has a light brown hat with whitish plates and a white leg. While the mushroom is young, the cap is bent down and slightly slippery. Young mushrooms are harvested and eaten, but only after removing the skin, prolonged soaking or boiling the mushroom.

You can meet such bizarre mushrooms in the forest and in the meadow: morel, line, dung beetle, blue-green stropharia. They are conditionally edible, but recent times less and less commonly consumed by humans. Young parasol mushroom and puffball are edible.

poisonous mushrooms

Inedible mushrooms or foods containing their poisons can cause severe poisoning and even death. The most life-threatening inedible, poisonous mushrooms include: fly agaric, death cap, false mushrooms.

A very noticeable mushroom in the forest. His red hat with white dots is visible to the forester from afar. However, depending on the species, hats can also be of other colors: green, brown, white, orange. The hat is shaped like an umbrella. This mushroom is pretty large sizes. The leg usually widens downward. It has a "skirt" on it. It is the remains of a shell in which young mushrooms were located. This poisonous mushroom can be confused with russula golden-red. The russula has a hat that is slightly depressed in the center and there is no "skirt" (Volva).

Pale grebe (fly agaric green) even in small amounts can cause great harm human health. Her hat can be white, green, gray or yellowish. But the shape depends on the age of the fungus. The cap of a young pale grebe resembles a small egg, and over time it becomes almost flat. The stem of the mushroom is white, tapering downwards. The pulp does not change at the incision site and has no smell. Pale grebe grows in all forests with clay soil. This mushroom is very similar to champignons and russula. However, mushroom plates are usually darker in color, and in pale grebe they are white. Russula does not have this skirt on the leg, and they are more brittle.

false mushrooms can be easily confused with edible mushrooms. They usually grow on stumps. The cap of these mushrooms has a bright color, and the edges are covered with white flaky particles. Unlike edible mushrooms, the smell and taste of these mushrooms are unpleasant.

gall fungus- doppelgänger of white. It differs from boletus in that top part its legs are covered with a dark mesh, and the flesh turns pink when cut.

satanic mushroom also looks like white, but its sponge under the hat is reddish, there is a red mesh on the leg, and the cut becomes purple.

pepper mushroom looks like a flywheel or butter dish, but the sponge under the hat is lilac.

false fox- an inedible twin of a chanterelle. In color, the false chanterelle is darker, reddish-orange, white juice is released at the break of the cap.

Both flywheel and chanterelles also have inedible counterparts.

As you understand, mushrooms are not only those that have a hat and stem and grow in the forest.

• Yeast mushrooms are used to create some drinks, using them in the fermentation process (for example, kvass). Molds are a source of antibiotics and save millions of lives every day. Special types mushrooms are used to give foods, such as cheeses, a special taste. They are also used to create chemicals.
• Mushroom spores, with the help of which they reproduce, can germinate after 10 years or more.
• meet and predatory species mushrooms that feed on worms. Their mycelium forms dense rings, when hit, it is already impossible to escape.
• The oldest mushroom found in amber is 100 million years old.
• An interesting fact is that leaf-cutting ants are able to independently grow the mushrooms they need for food. They acquired this ability 20 million years ago.
• In nature, there are about 68 species of luminous mushrooms. They are most often found in Japan. Such mushrooms are distinguished by the fact that they glow in the dark. in green, it looks especially impressive if the mushroom grows in the middle of rotten tree trunks.
• Some fungi lead to serious illnesses and damage agricultural plants.

Mushrooms are mysterious and very interesting organisms, full of unrevealed secrets and extraordinary discoveries. Edible species are very tasty and useful product, and inedible can cause great harm to health. Therefore, it is important to be able to distinguish them and you should not put a mushroom in the basket in which there is no complete certainty. But this risk does not prevent one from admiring their diversity and beauty against the backdrop of blooming nature.

Bright pictures with mushrooms, a story about each mushroom and coloring pages with mushrooms. studying wonderful world surrounding nature, do not forget to tell the children in more detail about mushrooms -

unique inhabitants natural world occupying a middle position between the animal and plant kingdoms.

Lesson on the topic "Mushrooms" - we think, we reason, we learn

If you ask the kids which group fungi belong to, they will no doubt answer - to plants.

The following arguments can be given as evidence:

• immobile lifestyle;
• passive nutrition (substances dissolved in water).

This is where you can surprise them by telling them that the fungus cell in its structure is more like an animal cell - for example, a beetle or a scorpion, as it is covered with a chitinous (shell) shell. In addition, mushrooms cannot, under the influence sun rays produce their own nutrients, as plants do, which means that this is also a hallmark.

Ask the children: where most often in the forest can you find a mushroom? Of course, under a tree. It is not for nothing that many mushrooms got their names from the names of their best friends - the trees under which they grow (under-aspen, under-birch). And what explains such a neighborhood? Just because fungi cannot provide themselves with all the necessary substances, as plants do. Therefore, many of them try to be friends with trees in order to receive through their roots those products that they lack.

We are thinking about what large groups all mushrooms are divided into? Of course, mushrooms are edible and mushrooms are not edible.

Let the children remember the most famous representatives of each group, and you help them by arming yourself with photographic cards depicting mushrooms in advance.

For better assimilation and greater clarity, on a board or table, fasten cards with the name of the group: “Edible mushrooms” and “Not edible mushrooms”. Send each picture after discussion to the appropriate group. At the same time, twin mushrooms are best studied in parallel, this will teach kids to be careful in the process of collecting them.

In the study of edible mushrooms, the video presentation "Edible mushrooms" will help you:

Mushroom cards

As a rule, children know the following types:

Champignon. This mushroom is specially grown in greenhouses, since, unlike many of its counterparts, it does not need to be near trees. What two hallmarks champignon need to remember? The first is the pink or dark brown color of the plates under the cap. The second is a reddish or yellow hue of the pulp of the mushroom. And, of course, you need to remember the unique aroma of this mushroom, which cannot be confused with anything if you inhale at least once.

We immediately recall the name of the twin of this noble mushroom? Of course, a pale toadstool. We examine her image, we are looking for distinctive features. The most observant will be able to note:

• white color of the plates under the cap;
• the presence of a specific sac at the base of the stem of the fungus.

We add that the flesh of the pale grebe on the cut always remains pale, for which this mushroom got its name.

Russula. This mushroom is distinguished by the brightness and variety of colors of its cap. It differs from grebes in its thick stalk, fleshy cap, and fragile flesh. And it owes its name to the fact that it does not require long-term cooking, as it does not contain harmful substances.

Boletus. One of prominent representatives union of mushrooms with trees. It is distinguished by the unusual (mottled) color of its legs and the tubular structure of the cap.

Boletus. From its name it can be seen that this mushroom is especially friendly with aspen. And his cap is bright red, the same as aspen leaves in autumn.

Ryzhik differs from other mushrooms not only in its color, but also in the fact that its cut acquires a blue tint over time.

Honey mushrooms. Friendly mushrooms that grow on the stumps of felled or dead trees. One of the most late mushrooms appear only at the beginning of autumn.

Oily. unusual mushrooms growing in coniferous forests. Their cap is covered with a layer of oily liquid, for which they got their name.

Breast. Everyone's favorite, the king of salted mushrooms. It has an unusual shape and a short leg. It occurs in two forms - wet (its surface is fringed and slightly moist) and dry - with a smooth hat.

White mushroom, boletus. noble representative of its kind. The owner of a very thick, fleshy light leg and cap with a tubular bottom structure.

Chanterelles. Unusual red mushrooms, in which the leg smoothly turns into a hat with a wavy edge.

Speaking of chanterelles, you immediately need to remember them dangerous double – false chanterelles, and pay attention to their differences from the real ones: an unpleasant smell, bright color (with a reddish tint), smooth edges of the cap.

We immediately recall the most famous non-edible mushroom -. We are discussing where this name could come from. The children remember the fact that the fly agaric is very dangerous for various insects, and our ancestors laid out its mushrooms on the windows so that flies would not fly into the house.

Every kid knows what this mushroom looks like, its color is so unique. Children will also be interested to know that the fly agaric hat can be not only red, but also brown or yellow.

And finally, let's remember another unusual representative of the mushroom kingdom - truffle. This delicacy mushroom grows in deciduous forests, and under a layer of earth. Therefore, to extract it, they use various ways. Pigs and specially trained dogs find truffles especially well.

For greater clarity, we use a poster depicting all common edible and non-edible mushrooms, among which we find friends, and we also study previously unseen mushrooms.

Through the poster, on which the images of mushrooms are drawn, we smoothly move on to the next, reinforcing part of the lesson - pictures with mushrooms. Some of them display the main features of each mushroom, making it recognizable. On others, we see the general contours of mushrooms. You can offer kids riddles or poems about mushrooms that fit the pictures.

A picture for children mushroom (poems about mushrooms, riddles about mushrooms) are used to consolidate knowledge of the names of the main parts of the mushroom; with the help of them we try to remember how and in what parts, as well as characteristic place of their habitat, those mushrooms that were studied today differ from each other.

Riddles about mushrooms

For example, you can offer such rhymes and riddles:

My hat -

Where the needles are.

Shines in the sun

Slides in the hands. (oiler)

With a thick leg, small,

He hid in the moss ... (boletus).

If I get into the basket -

You will have a supply for the winter.

I taste very good!

Guessed? This is ... (breast).

Lead a friendly round dance

Red sisters.

Everyone will immediately understand:

In front of him ... (chanterelles).

He sits bravely on a stump

Bunch of brave guys.

Everyone can easily recognize them:

Who doesn't know about .... (again)?

All shades and colors

Those mushroom caps.

Collect them without haste

Very fragile ... (russula).

Look at the video riddles about mushrooms:

As the end of the lesson, in order to include motor memory in the work, in the final part we offer the kids to work with coloring. Coloring mushroom sets the kids in a calm way.

Coloring pages with mushrooms

At the end of the work, you need to consider all the results and even make an impromptu exhibition of mushrooms painted in bright colors.

Presentation "mushrooms for children" on video:

Pictures with mushrooms

Someone may find pictures with funny house mushrooms useful.

Sometimes you really want to diversify the everyday family menu and please your homemade potatoes with mushrooms or fragrant mushroom soup. But what if you have Small child who will surely ask for a portion of a new interesting dish? There is a huge amount of conflicting evidence about whether mushrooms can be given to children. And very often parents simply cannot find a clear and unambiguous answer to this question. How can one distinguish myths from objective reality? Let's try to figure it out.

Are mushrooms good for kids?

And we will start, perhaps, with myth number 1: mushrooms are a product that is useless for children. Which is not at all true. Quality mushrooms have the same nutritional value both for adults and children.

If we consider each element that makes up their composition, doubts will disappear: mushrooms are useful!

Nutritional value of some types of mushrooms per 100 g of product

• protein substances. There is as much protein in a kilogram of mushrooms as in 100 grams of meat. However, it is poorly absorbed due to the fiber, in fact, which is their basis. Therefore, including mushrooms in the child’s menu, they should be cut into small pieces and the child should be taught to chew thoroughly any food he consumes.
• Carbohydrates. There are, but, again, mushroom fiber is practically not digested.
• Fats. They are rich in champignons, porcini mushrooms, mushrooms (they are easily digestible, including the children's body).
• Sugar substances. It's a pleasant, sweet aftertaste.
• resinous substances. They are available in volnushki, milk mushrooms, mushrooms and make their taste sharper. It is not recommended to start acquaintance of a child with mushrooms with these varieties.
• Minerals. For example, such as phosphorus and potassium, mushrooms contain more than some fruits and vegetables.
• Essential oils. attached unique smell these forest gifts of nature.
• Vitamins. A, B, C, D, PP, which are important for the body, are also found in mushrooms. And there are even more B vitamins than in cereals.
• organic acids. Stearic, acetic, milk, oil, oleic. They strengthen the immune system and fight infections.
• Enzymes. They are especially rich in champignons. Accelerate the breakdown of proteins, fats, carbohydrates.

In addition, mushrooms have plain water, antioxidants, animal starch glycogen, lecithin, amino acids, ß-glucans.

It is worth noting that proteins, fats and sugars are concentrated in hats. Accordingly, the nutritional value of the legs is low. Yes, and chitin, forbidden to children, is contained in the legs. Hence the conclusion: to give mushrooms to a child, you need to start with hats.

Now it only remains to find out why, according to many, mushrooms are contraindicated for children.

But why then are they harmful?

Considering all the usefulness of mushrooms for children and adults, pediatricians categorically answer the questions of parents whether it is possible to give mushrooms to babies - no. There are two reasons for this ban:

1. Chitin. It is from this that the shell of animals consists. And it is present in sufficient quantities in mushrooms. This substance is a persistent compound that is not digested even by an adult organism, and prevents the absorption of other nutrients.
2. Sponge. It absorbs harmful substances from environment. Many parents ignore this reason, referring to the fact that everyone has been eating mushrooms for a long time, but the human race has not died out. But it is worth considering ecological situation that was before and the one that is now.

And finally main question: if children can still be given mushrooms, then at what age should this be done?

How to properly introduce into the diet of a child?

There are many answers to the question of at what age it is safe to give mushrooms to children. At the same time, the age interval of these answers is quite large - from 2 to 10 years.

How to come to some common denominator? The most correct thing for young parents is not to take information from one source, but to study a lot of materials regarding this issue. And most importantly, do not forget to consult with the doctor observing the child. Only then can you draw your own conclusion.

If we summarize all the collected tips, they will look something like this.

For the first acquaintance of the child's body with mushrooms, pediatricians advise choosing champignons or oyster mushrooms. Then you can enter mushrooms and porcini mushrooms. You need to start with sauces and broths, gradually moving on to soups. It is advisable not to give salted, fried, pickled mushrooms to children at all, since the later they try dishes that are heavy for the stomach, the better it will be for their body.

Another important piece of advice: never listen to your friends and neighbors that, they say, their children are early age they eat mushrooms, and everything is in order with them.

Each child is individual. And this means that the consequences for everyone can be different: someone will perceive the new product well, and someone will disrupt the work of the stomach, which will then be very difficult to restore.

mushroom poisoning

And do not forget that mushrooms are also dangerous because some of their species contain poisons in their composition. Mushroom poisoning can lead to the most unfortunate consequences.

Often a child suffers through the negligence of parents who gave him an inedible mushroom. And sometimes just the amount of mushrooms eaten by a baby exceeds reasonable norms.

Nobody is immune from such cases. Therefore, to know the symptoms of childhood mushroom poisoning and be able to provide the first medical care before the ambulance arrives, you just need to.

mild poisoning

• Weakness.
• Dizziness.

Condition is not critical

• Symptoms of mild poisoning plus pain in the abdomen (pain tolerable).

Moderate poisoning

• All symptoms of mild poisoning.
• Increasing, intolerable pain in the abdomen.
• Constriction of the pupils in a child.
• Profuse salivation.

cholera-like poisoning

• Weakness.
• Lethargy.
• Yellowness of the skin of the body.
• Strong vomiting.
• Semi-delusional state (after some time).
• Abdominal pain.
• Unbearable headache.
• Sudden and rapidly developing symptoms.

Amanita poisoning

• Spasms, convulsions.
• Profuse salivation.
• Changed pupil diameter.
• hallucinations.
• Excited state or complete apathy.
• Strong sweating.
• Constant vomiting.

Important! If the child has a fever, then the poisoning is bacterial in nature, and not toxic. And it is treated much more successfully.

Every parent must know all of the listed symptoms in order to correctly determine what is happening with his child, as well as provide competent, timely first aid before the doctor arrives.

What to do if a child is poisoned with mushrooms?

1. Do not panic.
2. Call an ambulance.
3. Wrap the baby in a blanket or blanket, overlay heating pads. Harmful gelvellic acid, found in mushrooms, dies at high temperatures.
4. If the child is conscious, find out which mushroom he ate (this data will help in the treatment).
5. If there is no vomiting, you need to induce it artificially. Give the baby a drink warm water, and then with a small spoon or finger, lightly press on the root of the tongue.
6. To give Activated carbon(the amount of coal should correspond to the weight of the child).
7. Drink hot tea.
8. Make an enema.

Do not give your baby anything sour (acid helps toxic substances quickly absorbed into the body).

Be extremely careful and careful when including mushrooms in your child's diet. After all, no, even the most delicious and fragrant dish, will ever justify the consequences that such a tasting can turn out to be for a little one.

Video "Can a child eat mushrooms?" - Komarovsky

Goals: clarify children's knowledge of mushrooms; learn to distinguish between edible and inedible mushrooms; know external signs; learn to compose descriptive stories; agree numerals with nouns; form nouns with diminutive suffixes; exercise in the selection of antonyms; reinforce the use of prepositions; consolidate the vocabulary on the topic.

Equipment: demonstration material - pictures on this topic; Handout- subject pictures in envelopes for each child.

Lesson progress

1. Reading a poem

"Choo-choo-choo", The train rushes at full speed. The locomotive puffs, - "I'm in a hurry", - buzzes: "U-U-U-"

2. Didactic game"Mushroom picking"

Children "come" to the forest.

What season is it now? (Autumn.)

What forest? (Mixed, coniferous, quiet, golden, etc.)

What day? (Sunny, overcast, rainy, warm, lightly, etc.)

Children have baskets in their hands. Children collect mushrooms. In the process of collection, the names of mushrooms, external signs, structure and the concepts of "edible" and "inedible" are specified.

WHITE MUSHROOM - the cap is brown, round, the leg is thick.

I'm used to standing in a deaf forest

I am on a thick strong leg.

Find try me.

BOBEREZOVIK - grows mainly under a birch, the hat is round, the leg is thin, high, the hat is dark brown.

The boletus is good.

It looks like a fallen leaf.

Boletus - with a red hat, a high leg.

In a red hat, like a gnome,

I chose a house under the aspen.

Chanterelles - yellow color, with a low leg, a concave hat.

Chanterelles crumbled

yellow flock,

As if they were chasing

For a sunny bunny.

HOLYAMA - mushrooms of light brown color on thin legs with a "collar", grow in "families".

Honey mushrooms with a bouquet

They stand on a stump.

They will find a place

In your box.

RUSSUS - caps can be red, yellow, green and other colors, legs are white, mushrooms are fragile.

In fashionable, cute hats,

Brilliant holiday outfit...

They call us russulas,

But they don't eat it raw.

Fly agaric is the most common poisonous mushroom. The leg is long, there is a white collar. The hat is red, round, with a white speck.

Near the forest on the edge, decorating the dark forest,

Grew motley, like parsley, poisonous fly agaric.

Red hat with polka dots

Collar on a thin leg.

This mushroom is beautiful to look at

But dangerous, poisonous.

Pale toadstool is a deadly poisonous mushroom. The stem is long, at the root there is a sac from which the mushroom grows. There is a collar, the hat is round, uneven, pale in color.

I'm not used to being liked

Whoever eats me will be poisoned.

3. Physical education minute

They walked along the path - Marching

Borovik found - bent over

Borovik upland - showed

In the moss he hid with his head, - hands above the head in the "castle",

We could pass it - walking in a circle.

It's good that they were quiet.

(A. Prokofiev)

4. Grammar and word formation

a) Agreement of numerals with nouns. Didactic game "How many mushrooms have you collected?"

b) Fixing correct use prepositions. (What is the name of this mushroom? Where does it grow? Under what tree? Will we cut it from where? Put it where? Etc.)

c) The use of diminutive suffixes.

(Grow in the forest big mushrooms and small ones. Large fly agaric and small fly agaric, etc.)

d) Selection of antonyms:

The porcini mushroom has a thick leg, while the boletus has a thin one.

The boletus has a smooth hat, while the fly agaric has a rough one.

The chanterelle has a concave hat, while the honey agaric has a convex one.

The mushroom is high, and next to it is low, etc.

e) Noun agreement plural genitive case. - We collected a lot of...? (Boletus, mushrooms,russula, etc.)

5. Writing descriptive stories

What's this? Where does it grow? Under what tree? Structure. Color, shape. Value. In what form do we use?

6. Summary of the lesson

Fixing material

I. Clarify the names of mushrooms, their structure (mycelium, leg, cap). Learn to distinguish between edible and non-edible mushrooms. Pick up epithets for the word mushrooms. Write descriptive stories.

II. The grammatical structure of speech and word formation.

1. The formation of plural nouns in the genitive case.

For example: chanterelle - chanterelles - chanterelles, etc.

2. The formation of a diminutive form of nouns.

For example: mushroom - mushroom, etc.

3. Didactic game "Whose?"

Coordination possessive pronouns with nouns.

4. Selection of antonyms.

For example: big mushroom - little mushroom, high leg - ... , thick leg - ... etc.

5. Agreement of numerals with nouns. Didactic game "Count".

6. Use of prepositions: in, on, from, under, from under, near, between, near.

Come up with sentences with prepositions on this topic.