What is the Salgir River at present? What does the name of the river salgir mean.
Russia, Russia/Ukraine Ukraine
Etymology
Salgir, the name is Taurus, pre-Tatar, Indo-Aryan origin. Ancient Taurus * sala in Tauris it turns out to be an original archaism of Indo-Aryan affiliation (preserved s etymological). The etymological linking proposed above OE Ind. giri"mountain" from I.-e. *ger- "devour / spew through the mouth" allows you to take a different look at the presence in ancient india, along with the names of mountains in -giri, namely the names of rivers with this component: Candanagiri, a river in South India, Antydgira, a river in Central India. All of the above makes it possible to fully etymologically comprehend the name of the big river Crimea, originating in Crimean mountains ah - Salgir, also Salgir: from the Indo-Aryan *sal-gir(i) "falling down from the mountains Salc. The Indo-Aryan (Old Indian) reflex of the zero stage of the Indo-E. gir- attracts attention.
Hydrography
It originates on the slopes of Chatyr-Dag from the confluence of the Angara and Kizilkobinka rivers at an altitude of 390 m above sea level, flows into the Sivash Bay. In the upper reaches, it receives the left tributary Ayan, giving up to 40% of the flow. It forms a reservoir near the city of Simferopol. Crossed by the North Crimean Canal.
The valley is predominantly box-shaped, indistinctly expressed in the lower reaches, absent in the mouth part. The width of the valley ranges from 300-600 m (in the upper reaches) to 2-3 km (in the lower reaches). The channel is winding, its width varies from 3-3.5 m to 8-15 m; in the lower reaches it is straightened and bunded. The depth on the rifts reaches 0.3-0.5 m, on the stretches - up to 1.6 m. The fall of the channel in the foothill part reaches 6 m / km, in the steppe - 0.27 m / km.
At the beginning Quaternary period the ancient Salgir was more abundant, its waters flowed faster and in a different direction below Simferopol. Four ancient Salgirs left behind vast strips of pebbles and sand. One of them flowed into the Karkinit Bay along the Chatyrlyk Balka, the other three flowed into the Black Sea near modern Evpatoria. After the Tarkhankut Peninsula began its gradual rise, the waters of the Salgir flowed towards the Sivash. Until the 50s of the XX century. The Salgir was considered a tributary of the more full-flowing Biyuk-Karasu River, since the Salgir did not always bring its waters to the confluence with it.
In summer, in the upper reaches (above Simferopol), the river occasionally dries up, downstream annually for more than 3 months. The maximum flood is observed in spring due to snowmelt in the mountains, secondary also in autumn-winter period when it rains and sleet is frequent. In December, Salgir recorded a record high water flow - 118 m³/s (with an average annual flow of only 1.29 m³/s near the village of Pionerskoye). The river does not freeze every winter.
Irrigation and water supply
The Salgir River is included in the Salgir irrigation system, which supplies drinking water Simferopol, which provides water for the needs of the Simferopol CHPP, as well as agricultural enterprises of the Simferopol and Krasnogvardeisky regions of Crimea. Used for water supply and irrigation.
tributaries
Fauna
Environmental problems
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Notes
- This geographical feature is located on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula, most of which is the object of territorial disputes between Russia, which controls the disputed territory, and Ukraine. According to the federal structure of Russia, the subjects of the Russian Federation are located on the disputed territory of Crimea - the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol. According to the administrative division of Ukraine, the regions of Ukraine are located in the disputed territory of Crimea - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city with a special status of Sevastopol.
- Sergey Vinnik. . Russian newspaper(April 23, 2015). Retrieved May 22, 2015.
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An excerpt characterizing Salgir
The count ordered the horses to be brought in to go to Sokolniki, and, frowning, yellow and silent, he sat with his hands folded in his office.In a calm, not stormy time, it seems to every administrator that it is only through his efforts that the entire population under his control is moving, and in this consciousness of his necessity, each administrator feels the main reward for his labors and efforts. It is clear that as long as the historical sea is calm, it should seem to the ruler-administrator, with his fragile boat resting against the ship of the people with his pole and moving himself, that the ship against which he rests is moving with his efforts. But as soon as a storm rises, the sea is agitated and the ship itself moves, then delusion is impossible. The ship moves on its own huge, independent course, the pole does not reach the moving ship, and the ruler suddenly passes from the position of the ruler, the source of strength, into an insignificant, useless and weak person.
Rostopchin felt this, and this irritated him. The police chief, who was stopped by the crowd, together with the adjutant, who had come to report that the horses were ready, entered the count. Both were pale, and the police chief, reporting on the execution of his order, reported that a huge crowd of people stood in the yard of the count, who wanted to see him.
Rostopchin, without answering a word, got up and with quick steps went to his luxurious bright living room, went to the balcony door, took hold of the handle, left it and went to the window, from which the whole crowd was visible. A tall fellow stood in the front rows and with a stern face, waving his hand, said something. The bloody blacksmith stood beside him with a gloomy look. Through the closed windows a murmur of voices could be heard.
Is the crew ready? - said Rostopchin, moving away from the window.
“Ready, Your Excellency,” said the adjutant.
Rostopchin again went to the balcony door.
- What do they want? he asked the police chief.
- Your Excellency, they say that they were going to go to the French on your orders, they were shouting something about treason. But a wild crowd, Your Excellency. I forcibly left. Your Excellency, I dare to suggest...
“If you please go, I know what to do without you,” Rostopchin shouted angrily. He stood at the balcony door, looking out at the crowd. “This is what they did to Russia! That's what they did to me!" thought Rostopchin, feeling uncontrollable anger rising in his soul against someone to whom one could attribute the cause of everything that had happened. As is often the case with hot people, anger already possessed him, but he was still looking for an object for him. “La voila la populace, la lie du peuple,” he thought, looking at the crowd, “la plebe qu” ils ont soulevee par leur sottise. whom they raised by their stupidity! They need a sacrifice."] - it occurred to him, looking at the tall fellow waving his hand. And for that very reason it occurred to him that he himself needed this victim, this object for his anger.
Is the crew ready? he asked again.
“Ready, Your Excellency. What do you want about Vereshchagin? He is waiting at the porch, answered the adjutant.
- BUT! cried Rostopchin, as if struck by some unexpected memory.
And, quickly opening the door, he stepped out with resolute steps onto the balcony. The conversation suddenly ceased, hats and caps were removed, and all eyes went up to the count who came out.
- Hello guys! said the count quickly and loudly. - Thank you for coming. I'll come out to you now, but first of all we need to deal with the villain. We need to punish the villain who killed Moscow. Wait for me! - And the count just as quickly returned to the chambers, slamming the door hard.
A murmur of approval ran through the crowd. “He, then, will control the useh of the villains! And you say a Frenchman ... he will untie the whole distance for you! people said, as if reproaching each other for their lack of faith.
A few minutes later an officer hurried out of the front door, ordered something, and the dragoons stretched out. The crowd moved greedily from the balcony to the porch. Coming out on the porch with angry quick steps, Rostopchin hastily looked around him, as if looking for someone.
- Where is he? - said the count, and at the same moment as he said this, he saw from around the corner of the house coming out between two dragoons young man with a long thin neck, with half-shaven and overgrown head. This young man was dressed in what used to be a dapper, blue-clothed, shabby fox sheepskin coat and in dirty, linen convict trousers stuffed into unclean, worn-out thin boots. Shackles hung heavily on thin, weak legs, making it difficult for the young man's hesitant gait.
- BUT! - said Rostopchin, hastily turning his eyes away from the young man in the fox coat and pointing to the bottom step of the porch. - Put it here! - The young man, jangling with shackles, heavily stepped onto the indicated step, holding the pressing collar of the sheepskin coat with his finger, turned twice long neck and, sighing, he folded his thin, non-working hands in front of his stomach with a submissive gesture.
There was silence for a few seconds as the young man settled himself on the step. Only in the back rows of people squeezing to one place, groaning, groans, jolts and the clatter of rearranged legs were heard.
Rostopchin, waiting for him to stop at the indicated place, frowningly rubbed his face with his hand.
- Guys! - said Rostopchin in a metallic voice, - this man, Vereshchagin, is the same scoundrel from whom Moscow died.
The young man in the fox coat stood in a submissive pose, with his hands clasped together in front of his stomach and slightly bent over. Emaciated, with a hopeless expression, disfigured by a shaved head, his young face was lowered down. At the first words of the count, he slowly raised his head and looked down at the count, as if he wanted to say something to him or at least meet his gaze. But Rostopchin did not look at him. On the long, thin neck of the young man, like a rope, a vein behind the ear tensed and turned blue, and suddenly his face turned red.
All eyes were fixed on him. He looked at the crowd, and, as if reassured by the expression which he read on the faces of the people, he smiled sadly and timidly, and lowering his head again, straightened his feet on the step.
“He betrayed his tsar and fatherland, he handed himself over to Bonaparte, he alone of all Russians has dishonored the name of a Russian, and Moscow is dying from him,” Rastopchin said in an even, sharp voice; but suddenly he quickly glanced down at Vereshchagin, who continued to stand in the same submissive pose. As if this look blew him up, he, raising his hand, almost shouted, turning to the people: - Deal with him with your judgment! I give it to you!
The people were silent and only pressed harder and harder on each other. Holding each other, breathing in this infected closeness, not having the strength to move and waiting for something unknown, incomprehensible and terrible became unbearable. The people standing in the front rows, who saw and heard everything that happened in front of them, all with frightened wide-open eyes and gaping mouths, straining with all their strength, kept the pressure of the rear ones on their backs. What do we know about Salgir? What is it main river Crimea, flowing through the capital of the peninsula. They also heard that earlier it was cleaner and more full-flowing, almost navigable. Well, we still remember Pushkin's often-quoted lines: "Oh, I'll see you again soon, brega cheerful Salgira!" On this, our knowledge of the main river of the peninsula, alas, is exhausted.
Photo jalita.com
Where and where?
All Simferopol residents and many Crimeans know what the Simferopol section of Salgir looks like. But from what stream does this river begin, and where, speaking in a high style, does it carry its waters? In the famous pre-revolutionary "" by Maria Sosnogorova we read:The village of Ai-yan, in translation - St. John, inhabited by Greeks, is located at the northern foot of Chatyrdag ... Those who arrived in a carriage must walk from here to the source of the Salgir ... Salgir ... breaks out in a strong stream from a huge wash of marble-like limestone.
Painting by Carl Bossoli "Salgir River". 1856
The Ayan spring is also considered the source of the Salgir by some modern researchers. At the same time, there is an opinion that it is more correct to consider the source of the Angara, which originates at the Angara Pass, as the beginning of the Salgir. Finally, according to the third version, Salgir begins at Perevalnoye, after the confluence of the Angara and Kizil-Koba rivers. Because of these discrepancies, the length of the Salgir, which is given in the reference literature, also varies: 232, 211 and 204 km. If we add to this the length of all 14 tributaries flowing into the Salgir, then the total length of the main river of Crimea will be more than 900 km.
Well, the Salgir flows into the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, into the Sivash Bay, in the Nizhnegorsk region. True, in dry years the river sometimes does not have time to reach Azov and, drying up, is lost on the approaches to it in the Crimean steppe.
And a water barrier, and a formidable element
Modern Salgir is not particularly large, and it is hard to believe that once upon a time, in the Stone Age, its width in the area of present-day Kirov Avenue reached 700 meters, that is, it was “pushed apart” from Sovetskaya Square to Kuibyshev Square. Salgir was a reliable water barrier. In 1777, Suvorov's camp stood on its left bank (there is now a monument to the great commander), and the river also served as a defensive water line. However, even in their better times The Salgir was not a navigable river. The “Economic and geographical description of the Ak-Mosque and the county as of 1798” contains the following data: “The Salgyr River in summer is from two to three quarters of an arshin deep, and its width is from three to five sazhens, there is no navigation along it and it can't be." (Arshin is equal to 71.12 cm, fathom - 2.13 m.)But at the same time, Salgir was capable of causing serious trouble - during heavy rains or floods, it often overflowed its banks and caused devastating floods. In July 1847, in Simferopol and its county, a flood from pouring rain destroyed or severely damaged river structures, orchards and orchards. Three people died, many sheep, poultry. And at the end of the 19th century, an eyewitness wrote:
Winter floods, unfortunately, are well known to Simferopol, where I myself more than once had to witness (especially in January 1890) a real disaster for the inhabitants of the settlement, where children, caught in a swift stream, died more than once, and adults saved their families from danger to life .According to the memoirs of old-timers, to go from street to street after heavy rain without special stilts it was simply impossible. During the flood in 1933, such tragic consequences was not, but, according to the recollections of old-timers, the streets were flooded with water and had to move on stilts.
Two banks
Modern Salgir flows through Simferopol, dividing it into two parts. Initially, the city was located only on the left bank of the river, and oak forests grew on the right bank - from them the oak “Bogatyr Taurida”, growing in. Almost to late XIX century Salgir was the eastern border of the city. The right bank was called Zarechye, here were located country houses landlords and orchards, several water mills. Zarechye was included in the city limits in 1897 and began to be built up. The new city (as the area was originally called) was connected to the old bridges, the first of which was Feodosia, built in 1809. The road to Karasubazar (Belogorsk) and Feodosia passed along this bridge, hence the name. At first, the Feodosia bridge was pine and stood on oak piles, in 1835 it was replaced with stone, and a modern reinforced concrete one appeared here, on the current Kirov Avenue, in 1960.
The most long river in the Crimea - Salgir in ancient times was full-flowing and generous with fish. From time immemorial, its water has quenched the thirst of people who settled on the wide banks, overgrown with thick oaks. Times are changing, today centuries-old trees have been cut down, Salgir has become smaller and lost its original purity. The view of the depleted river is a reproach to the current generation of people who have ceased to appreciate the gifts of nature. Salgir can also be compared to a mirror that reflects the soulful image of society. For several decades, the river has been asking us the same rhetorical question: “Isn’t it time to get rid of the dregs and debris ?!”
All rivers flow
The sonorous word Salgir comes from the Circassian language. Sal means "tributary", and "gir" means a water source. In the ancient Crimea, Salgir was the name given to any channels that were filled with water after rains.
At the beginning of the Quaternary period, Salgir was full of water and abundant in all kinds of fish. The river flowed in a different direction than it does now - a little lower than Simferopol. Four ancient streams left behind vast strips of pebbles. One of them flowed into the Karkinit Bay along the Chatyrlyk Balka, the other three flowed into the Black Sea near present-day Evpatoria. After the Tarkhankut peninsula began to gradually rise, the waters of the Salgir flowed towards the Sivash.
Until the 1950s, the Salgir was considered a tributary of the Biyuk-Karasu River. Some researchers considered the beginning of the river Ayansky source, others - the source of the Angara, originating in the Angara Pass. On modern maps, the name "Salgir" appears near the village of Perevalnoye, at the confluence of the Angara and Kizil-Koba rivers. The length of the Salgir in this case is 204 kilometers, and the area drainage basin- 3,750 square kilometers. Together with all its large and small tributaries, the Salgir covers the northern slopes of the Main Range of the Crimean Mountains, the Foothills and flat part Crimea. Within the upper part of the basin there are mountain ranges - Chatyr-Dag, Demerdzhi, Karabi-Yaila.
Near Simferopol Salgir forms a reservoir. As the most important waterway, the river is included in the Salgir irrigation system, which supplies the capital of Crimea with drinking water, as well as provides for the needs of thermal power plants and local agricultural enterprises.
During the summer, the upper reaches of the river periodically dry up. But sometimes, during the period of heavy rains, Salgir recalls stormy youth. At this time, you can observe the maximum flood. Sometimes it becomes threatening. So, in December 1933, a record high water flow was recorded at Salgir - 118 km³ / s. According to the recollections of the old-timers of Simferopol, it was impossible to walk down the street after a downpour without special stilts. This, by the way, explains the curvature of the streets of the old city. They say that they were specially built so ornately so as not to interfere with the natural flow of water!
Salgir has many tributaries. From the left bank: Angara, Ayan, Kharab-Tavel, Aratuk, Juma, Kurtsy. They flow into the Salgir in the upper reaches. Within the borders of Simferopol, the Small Salgir and Slavyanka flow into the river. Below Simferopol, on the right upland side, the Salgir flows into: Galtchik-Kaya (Little), Zuya, Burulcha, Biyuk-Karasu.
Small Salgir originates from springs at an altitude of 700 meters, near the southern slope of Mount Kol-Bair, which is part of the system of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains. The river flows through the territory of Simferopol and flows into the big Salgir in the park named after Yuri Gagarin. At the end of the 19th century, on the banks of the Small Salgir, then the river was called Chokurcha, i.e. stormy, a Neanderthal site was discovered. In 1927, local historian Sergei Ivanovich Zabnin and a year later, archaeologist Nikolai Lvovich Ernst conducted research on the discovered cave and found that a person lived here 50 thousand years ago, in the Middle Paleolithic era.
In those days, the entire massif with the Chokurcha grotto was a real island, protected from wild animals by water and rocks. The natural water barrier determined the choice of prehistoric hunters. Traces of bonfires were found in an ancient dwelling. In the layers of the earth, bones of representatives of ancient fauna were found: bison, ram, saiga antelope, giant deer, wild boar, rhinoceros, brown bear and even hyenas! But most of all, archaeologists were struck by a huge accumulation of mammoth bones. An extensive collection was made up of flint tools with a perfect degree of decoration. And, perhaps, the most amazing find is the unique rock paintings. Half-meter images of the sun, mammoth and fish adorned the vault of the grotto. The Chokurcha finds entered the scientific classics, and in 1947 the grotto was declared a natural monument. Unfortunately, the archaeological treasure of world importance turned into a dump over time. The local authorities did not guard the grotto in any way. As a result, the residents of the nearest streets took out their garbage here, and the homeless chose a secluded corner as a place for their gatherings. Neo-Neanderthals regularly burned fires in the grotto, almost completely destroying ancient images and the entire cultural layer.
This river is a pure spring!
Looking at the littered shores and muddy waters modern Salgir, it is difficult to imagine that once this river was full-flowing, crystal clear and spacious. Geologist Yevgenia Lvova describes the local Paleolithic landscape as follows: “Salgir spreads its shores even wider. At the level of the current Kirov Avenue - up to 700 meters, from Sovetskaya Square to Kuibyshev Square. Almost the entire center of modern Simferopol was flooded with water!
The first inhabitants of this land chose the wide banks of the river overgrown with dense vegetation and powerful oaks and settled near the steep Petrovsky rocks. Salgir not only gave life-giving moisture, the river was an impregnable frontier of the ancient city of Scythian Naples, located on top of the rocks.
In 1803, the writer Pavel Sumarokov in his book “Leisure of the Crimean Judge, or the Second Journey to Tauris” mentions the environs of Simferopol in this way: “This river, like a clean large spring, flows over the stones near the city, in its entire length ...».
The water was so pure that it was used for a long time like drinking. Anatoly Demidov, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who traveled around the Crimea in 1837, noted: “Water from Salgir is carried in buckets and carried in barrels.” By the way, a bucket of water then cost half a penny. Later, when the banks of the river began to be actively built up, the water was no longer distinguished by its former purity, but it was supplied to the city water supply from two wells located on the banks of the Salgir.
With the construction of the first buildings of the capital of the newly formed Tauride region, the felling of dense oak forests is associated. Now, the 750-year-old oak tree in the Children's Park, which bears the proud name "Bogatyr Taurida" and has the status of a natural monument, reminds of its former green grandeur. Next to him, his brother, an oak, lives his life, near which a glade of fairy tales is arranged based on the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Ruslan and Lyudmila". It was here that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin once walked while traveling through the “blessed Tauris”.
“Will I come again, admirer of the muses and the world,
Forgetting the rumors and the vanity of life,
On the banks of the cheerful Salgir
Remember the souls of my dreams?", writes the poet.
In fact, Pushkin mentions not the steppe, but the southern coast Salgir. Few people know that in Crimea there are two rivers with the same name. One of them flows through Simferopol, and the other flows into the sea between Gurzuf and Ayu-Dag. It was there, in 1820, that the great poet was inspired by the Crimean landscapes. It is logical to assume that it was the south-bank river that Pushkin mentioned in his poems.
But in the history of the steppe Salgir there is a heroic page. In the essay "Journey through the Crimea" by Academician Peter Pallas in 1793 and 1794, the legendary "Suvorov Place" is mentioned: "... on the banks of the Salgir there is a battery protected by ditches, which are now dug up by rain streams." It was here, on the left bank of the Salgir River, in the spring of 1777 that the advance detachment of the Russian army under the command of Alexander Suvorov set up a fortified camp. The high banks of the river served as an excellent defensive line. In the second half of 1776, the situation in the Crimean Khanate escalated. This was due to the ongoing attempts by Turkey to return Crimea under its control. In this regard, in November 1776, Suvorov was assigned to the Crimea. The main task commander was to prevent the Turkish invasion. In the middle of 1778, Suvorov prevented an enemy landing in the Akhtiar Bay, which thwarted Turkey's attempt to unleash a new war in an unfavorable international situation for Russia.
Today, on the banks of the Salgir, in the place where the Suvorov battery stood, a monument to the Generalissimo has been erected, and his name is immortalized on a commemorative tablet in honor of the 200th anniversary of Simferopol.
The charm of the shores of Salgir
After the inclusion of Crimea into Russia and the creation of the Taurida province in 1784, the construction of an administrative center began on the left high bank of the Salgir. The place for the capital was chosen by the first governor of the city, Vasily Kokhovsky. In the “Economic and geographical description of the Ak-Mosque and the county as of 1798” one can read: “The Salgyr River in summer is from two to three quarters of an arshin deep, and its width is from three to five sazhens, there is no navigation along it and it cannot be ”(author's note: arshin - 71.12 cm; sazhen - 2.13 m). As can be seen, by this time the banks of the river had noticeably shallowed.
Until the 70s of the XIX century, settlement took place exclusively on the left bank of the river. P.S. Pallas stated: “... the fast Salgir flows from the eastern side of the city, the low-lying banks of which are covered with gardens, meadows and present a picturesque view.”
The territory of the right bank was called "District". Here were the manor houses, orchards and three water mills. The vast surrounding lands that belonged to Nikolai Sultan Krym-Girey, a descendant of the Crimean khans, were used for cattle pasture. They were called "Sultansky Meadow" (now the area of Shpolyanskaya Street). Gradually, fruit orchards grew, occupying the entire Salgir valley almost to the current settlement of the state district power station. In 1875, after the construction railway from Lozovaya station to Sevastopol, when the possibility of exporting fruit increased, gardens appeared on the Sultan's Meadow.
Gradually, the inhabitants of the city began to build up plots of land on the right bank of the Salgir. In 1897 "District" entered the city. Beautiful orchards were destroyed, the windproof green wall was cut down, and in its place appeared Krym-Gireya Boulevard lined with lindens (now Ivan Franko Boulevard). The new city was connected to the old by bridges. The first pine bridge on oak supports was built in 1809. The road to Karasubazar (now Belogorsk) and further to Feodosia passed along it, therefore the bridge was called Feodosia. The wooden structure quickly fell into disrepair, and in August 1835 it was replaced with a stone one. But even the stone is not eternal, in 1960 a reinforced concrete bridge with a cast-iron fence was erected.
In one of the first guides to the Crimea, local historian Vasily Kondaraki noted that Simferopol is distinguished from other provincial cities by the "beauty of the surrounding views." In no small degree of picturesque southern capital contributed to the banks of the Salgir. The traveler Gilles Romm also praised Simferopol: “Its surroundings are charming. It is located on Salgir ... ". The longest Crimean river and composer Alexander Serov did not leave indifferent. In one of his letters to his sister in 1845, he wrote: "The shores of Salgir are simply charming ...".
O important role river in the life of Simferopol is evidenced by the fact that the main avenue in the city was named after her. In 1834, the central street of the southern capital was named "Salgirnaya". True, in 1935 it was renamed Kirov Avenue. One of the socio-political newspapers popular at that time was also called "Salgir".
Salgir was often depicted on postcards dedicated to Simferopol. A full-flowing view of the river is also captured in paintings. One of the famous ones belongs to the brush of Carlo Bossoli.
What do we know about Salgir? That this is the main river of Crimea, flowing through the capital of the peninsula. They also heard that earlier it was cleaner and more full-flowing, almost navigable. Well, we still remember Pushkin's often-quoted lines: "Oh, I'll see you again soon, brega cheerful Salgira!" On this, our knowledge of the main river of the peninsula, alas, is exhausted.Photo jalita.com
Where and where?
All Simferopol residents and many Crimeans know what the Simferopol section of Salgir looks like. But from what stream does this river begin, and where, speaking in a high style, does it carry its waters? In the famous pre-revolutionary "Guide to the Crimea" by Maria Sosnogorova we read:The village of Ai-yan, in translation - St. John, inhabited by Greeks, is located at the northern foot of Chatyrdag ... Those who arrived in a carriage must walk from here to the source of the Salgir ... Salgir ... breaks out in a strong stream from a huge wash of marble-like limestone.
Painting by Carl Bossoli "Salgir River". 1856
The Ayan spring is also considered the source of the Salgir by some modern researchers. At the same time, there is an opinion that it is more correct to consider the source of the Angara, which originates at the Angara Pass, as the beginning of the Salgir. Finally, according to the third version, Salgir begins at Perevalnoye, after the confluence of the Angara and Kizil-Koba rivers. Because of these discrepancies, the length of the Salgir, which is given in the reference literature, also varies: 232, 211 and 204 km. If we add to this the length of all 14 tributaries flowing into the Salgir, then the total length of the main river of Crimea will be more than 900 km.
Well, the Salgir flows into the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, into the Sivash Bay, in the Nizhnegorsk region. True, in dry years the river sometimes does not have time to reach Azov and, drying up, is lost on the approaches to it in the Crimean steppe.
And a water barrier, and a formidable element
Modern Salgir is not particularly large, and it is hard to believe that once upon a time, in the Stone Age, its width in the area of present-day Kirov Avenue reached 700 meters, that is, it was “pushed apart” from Sovetskaya Square to Kuibyshev Square. Salgir was a reliable water barrier of Scythian Naples. In 1777, Suvorov's camp stood on its left bank (there is now a monument to the great commander), and the river also served as a defensive water line. However, even in its best times, the Salgir was not a navigable river. The “Economic and geographical description of the Ak-Mosque and the county as of 1798” contains the following data: “The Salgyr River in summer is from two to three quarters of an arshin deep, and its width is from three to five sazhens, there is no navigation along it and it can't be." (Arshin is equal to 71.12 cm, fathom - 2.13 m.)But at the same time, Salgir was capable of causing serious trouble - during heavy rains or floods, it often overflowed its banks and caused devastating floods. In July 1847, in Simferopol and its district, a flood from heavy rain destroyed or badly damaged river structures, orchards and orchards. Three people died, many sheep, poultry. And at the end of the 19th century, an eyewitness wrote:
Winter floods, unfortunately, are well known to Simferopol, where I myself more than once had to witness (especially in January 1890) a real disaster for the inhabitants of the settlement, where children, caught in a swift stream, died more than once, and adults saved their families from danger to life .According to the memoirs of old-timers, it was simply impossible to walk from street to street after heavy rain without special stilts. During the flood in 1933, there were no such tragic consequences, but, according to the recollections of old-timers, the streets were flooded with water and had to move on stilts.
Two banks
Modern Salgir flows through Simferopol, dividing it into two parts. Initially, the city was located only on the left bank of the river, and oak forests grew on the right bank - from them the oak “Bogatyr Taurida”, growing in the Children's Park, has survived to this day. Almost until the end of the 19th century, Salgir was the eastern border of the city. The right bank was called Zarechye, country houses of landowners and orchards, several water mills were located here. Zarechye was included in the city limits in 1897 and began to be built up. The new city (as the area was originally called) was connected to the old bridges, the first of which was Feodosia, built in 1809. The road to Karasubazar (Belogorsk) and Feodosia passed along this bridge, hence the name. At first, the Feodosia bridge was pine and stood on oak piles, in 1835 it was replaced with stone, and a modern reinforced concrete one appeared here, on the current Kirov Avenue, in 1960.
Project
"Salgir is the main river of Crimea"
2015
The Salgir River carries its waters from its source to its mouth at a distance of 232 kilometers.In the upper reaches, this is not the Salgir, but the Angara.The spring from which it begins is located on the slope of Chatyr-Dag. Then the stream flows through a narrow gorge. At 15 kilometers from the source of the Angara, it is joined by the waters of Kizil-Koba, named after the Red Caves, from which it originates. From the junction of these two rivers beginsSalgir river , otherwise - Salgir-baba or Salgir-father. The very word "Salgir" in translation from the Turkic language means "male name".
In the vicinity of Simferopol, the waters of the Small Salgir join the Salgir, and from here the river "runs" throughout the Crimea, in order to eventually "run" to Sivash. Already before the confluence with the Sivash, water flows into the Salgir River from another major inflow Biyuk-Karasu.In front of the city of Simferopol, Salgir fills the Simferopol reservoir, the largest in the Crimea.
It has a mixed diet with a predominance of rain. Two periods can be distinguished in the life of the river: 1) winter - from November to April, when the river has the highest water content and floods pass one after another in the form of a continuous series
2) summer-autumn - from May to October, when the river is shallow, and most of them dry up, and the floods are short-term and irregular. 
For most of the year, its bed remains dry. 
The ice regime is characterized by instability. Short-term freeze-up (January-February) is observed only in the lower reaches of the Salgir. 
In the upper part of the Salgir channel, the water is clear, but vegetative and animal world insignificant.
From the village of Perevalnoye, the valley of the Salgir River is traditionally used for agricultural production. There are numerous rural settlements, gardens. Below p. Perevalny in the river. Salgir receives waste saturated with substances unusual for clean natural area. The river crosses the highway Simferopol - Alushta several times, flows through the city of Simferopol. Here, the main sources of pollutants are vehicles, city enterprises, trade enterprises, housing and communal services, and local residents. Downstream these sources are supplemented by agricultural activities. Along the entire channel, there are signsunsatisfactory condition water protection zone, often complete disregard for elementary well-known sanitary regulations and norms. 
intersects North Crimean Canal.
Used for water supply and irrigation. coastal zone The river near the city of Simferopol was repeatedly rebuilt. The banks and bottom of the river are lined with concrete slabs.
