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Why does the wind blow? Research work Why the wind blows.

I have always been interested in various natural elements. One of the most interesting and amazing natural phenomena for me is the wind. How nice a light, refreshing breeze is on a hot summer day, but how it spoils the weather on a chilly and rainy autumn. :(

What is wind

Wind is the movement of air masses in a horizontal direction.

But for me, the wind is a flow of air that refreshes the body in summer heat, this feeling of a light caressing touch of the sea breeze, this is hair fluttering in the air, the rustling of leaves on the trees.

Where does the wind come from?

Previously, people thought that the winds were powerful creatures that had great power. According to legends, the winds blew for a reason. Reason strong winds, hurricanes, storms were considered the wrath of these creatures.

Now, our thinking has changed somewhat. Most of us no longer believe in the existence of spirits. Therefore, I will explain from a scientific point of view how wind is formed. This phenomenon occurs due to differences in atmospheric pressure. Areas with different pressures have different temperatures and densities. Cold air is dense, it weighs more than warm air and the pressure in it is higher, so it tends to move into an area with warm, rarefied air. As a result of these processes, wind arises.

For me the wind is unique phenomenon. You can tell a lot of interesting facts about him. Here are just a few of them:

The wind can blow in a vertical direction, but at the same time significantly loses speed.
The most terrible winds blow in Antarctica. Their power lies in their enormous speed (just imagine, it reaches approximately 60 km per hour!), combined with exceptional low temperatures. I definitely wouldn’t be able to live in such conditions.
Wind with the highest speed - tornado. This natural phenomenon usually lasts only a few minutes and, for unexplained reasons, always occurs in the afternoon. What's surprising is that every tornado is unique. It has its own exclusive look, shade, sound and even smell!
Highest wind speed fixed on the planet Neptune.

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How many associations does such an element as wind evoke in me? This is freedom of action, and the endless feeling that you don’t need to do anything, and power, since this element can be destructive, and much more. As for me, every person can associate himself with the wind, since every person loves freedom, and this element has no boundaries, no obligations and cannot be tamed.

Why does the wind blow on the planet?

Wind is the movement of air. The Sun makes it move, not directly, but indirectly. Sun rays heat the Earth, and the resulting heat heats the air, causing it to rise upward. It cools at the top and goes back down. Also, another reason for air movement is the rotation of the Earth around its axis. Thanks to this feature of our planet, winds are formed in the Northern Hemisphere that move to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere - to the left.

You can check how heat affects the air without leaving your apartment. To do this, you need to go to the door where the balcony is located and take with you 2 candles, or napkins or cotton wool. Place these objects at the bottom and top of the opening and see where they deviate. If you take candles, you need to light them and also place them. You can already check by the fire, where it leans, that’s where the wind will blow. At the top of the opening, the air will be warm and will flow out, and at the bottom there will be cold air that will move inward.

Wind is an element whose occurrence can be predicted, but sometimes it can be unpredictable. It is one of the factors that determine the weather for the near future.

Here are some Interesting Facts wind related:

Port Martin is considered the windiest place on Earth. There average speed The wind is 20 meters per second.
The fastest winds in the solar system blow on Neptune. Their speed can exceed 2000 km/h.
Vertical winds occur in nature. This is not a long lasting phenomenon as they quickly lose their speed.
In 1999, Oklahoma recorded the highest strong wind, which reached a speed of 512 km per hour.

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One of the first pieces of knowledge I acquired as a child was precisely why the wind blows. I asked my mother this question when we were walking down the street, and the elements were almost raging around us. When I got older, I myself learned in detail about this phenomenon.

Cause the wind blows

Before you start talking about why the wind blows, you need to understand what this phenomenon is. In essence, wind is a stream of horizontally moving air. It's that simple.

The occurrence of wind is caused by the fact that atmospheric pressure is unevenly distributed over the Earth's surface. This difference, in turn, is largely due to differences in air temperature in different areas.

The wind blows from an area where the pressure is high to a direction where the pressure is low. To better understand this principle, you can imagine the usual balloon. When it is inflated, it is subject to the compressive forces of the rubber walls. Therefore, if the ball is untied, almost all the air will quickly leave it, creating a short-term weak gust.

For reference, here are some examples of types of winds:

trade winds and monsoons - tropical;
westerly winds ( temperate zone);
easterly winds(polar belt).

You can easily find detailed information on this topic yourself.

Why do hurricanes occur?

In everyday life, any strong wind is called a hurricane. But the real phenomenon may originate in the Atlantic or in the eastern part Pacific Ocean. A hurricane is a cyclone formed in tropical zone.

This phenomenon occurs when a certain area of the ocean warms up to 26 degrees or more. This results in a very warm and wet air rises upward, where it condenses, thereby causing other air masses to rise. In the process it all gets twisted with enormous power, which causes strong winds. At the same time, hurricanes are considered to be phenomena when air moves at a speed of 130 kilometers per hour or more.

Both normal and hurricane winds are of the same nature. But the latter bring with them great destruction.

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One day I became interested in how to explain such a phenomenon as “gusts of wind”. After a little searching on the Internet, I came across a lot of information about Ancient Greece, where everything happened “thanks to the power of the Gods and their desires.” However, modern scientists have provided many more answers than the mythology of the Greeks.

What moves air flow

If we take away the many descendants and minor demigods, then we can note only a few main characters of mythology. In Ancient Greece there were 4 main gods of the winds:

Boreas - North wind.
Notus - South wind.
Evus - East wind.
Zephyr - West wind.

Mythology is silent about Notus and Evus, while whole legends and twisted myths were composed about Boreas and Zephyr, which told about their exploits, love affairs, battles, greatness and strength. With their power they described storms, gusts of wind, and bad weather.

Boreas was most revered, for several reasons:

The north wind destroyed the Persian fleet that attacked Greece.
Boreas's wife was Orithia.
He had the ability to crush enemies with the power of wind.

For his power, sanctuaries were erected in his honor in Athens, he helped the Greeks in future battles and the fertility of mares. Entire epics were written about the power of Boreas’s wings, which told how he swept away enemy regiments with just one flap.

The Greeks associated gusts of wind with the wrath of the gods if they caused destructive damage to merchant ships or buildings. In such cases, they made sacrifices to the gods in order to appease them, and hoped that the bad weather would stop.

How the Wind Blows - Modern Version

After reading science articles, I was able to find an explanation more or less in clear language. The sun's rays pass through our atmosphere, warming up all its layers. And, as you know, when the temperature increases, the air expands, but since the light passes unevenly, all areas acquire different temperatures, and accordingly, different pressures. Places where the pressure begins to drop can be said to “push out” less dense areas, allowing the air to gain speed.

This is roughly how we get that pleasant summer breeze that pleases us on hot days. Of course, it’s not particularly pleasing at -20 in winter, when the nose is already at the limit of freezing...

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For as long as I can remember, I have always disliked the wind. I don't surf, but sailing ships I don't plan to move. Personally, the wind can be useful to me only in the heat, when it brings a little relief and a breath of air. But more often than not, the wind spoils the mood and hairstyle, persistently driving cold rain under the umbrella, or even turns the umbrella inside out, and most importantly, causes me indignation and exclamations of “yes where does it even come from, this wind??. Since I walk to work every day, the last question arises more and more often, so I had to dredge up my knowledge from geography lessons from the depths of my memory.

What is wind and why does it appear?

Wind - it's fast,impetuous(that’s exactly how we feel the wind on us, in gusts) air movement. Air moves from a place where there is more of it to where there is less of it. Cold areas have more air per unit area. Heated air has less density and therefore does not have much impact pressure.

Example: why the wind almost always blows near bodies of water

Since childhood, I remember that our parents never allowed us to go swimming on the first hot day in June. They said: “The water hasn’t warmed up yet.” Really, water heats up slower than air. So, between water and air, until it stands for several days hot weather, a favorable situation arises space, where the wind can blow up - from the colder surface of the water ( region high pressure ) to warm land ( region low pressure ).

There are regular winds (depending on latitude, they are in a western or eastern direction), and there are those that are formed taking into account local characteristics. The wind could have been even stronger (I'm afraid to imagine it) if it had moved unhindered. But there are obstacles on the surface of the Earth that interfere with the rapid flight of air:

mountains;
hills;
forests;
built by man buildings.

Therefore, in a city, between houses you can hide from the wind, but in a field there is nowhere to hide. The wind is capable of demolishing trees and roofs of buildings in its path, and a person is defenseless in front of it.

The only thing I value about wind is that it is a renewable energy resource, which, moreover, humanity has already learned to use.

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Traditionally, in the summer, my family and I go to the lakes of Khakassia to relax from the noisy city. Tents, fire, fish soup, mountains, sunset and... wind. Like this peculiarity in the form of wind is inherent in Khakassia, there is almost constant wind there, although I see a very big plus in this - the absence of blood-sucking insects. But why the wind blows is worth understanding.

What is the wind?

The wind itself is a movingairflow. Winds vary in strength, direction and duration. Wind is a unique phenomenon. There is a holiday in his honor - wind day, and it is celebrated on June 15th. The purpose of creating such a holiday is to attract attention society to wind energy potential. After all, according to experts in this field, wind energy helps solve not only energy problems, but also economic and environmental ones.

Why is it windy?

More Halley explained occurrence of wind By the way, this was more than 300 years ago. His idea was as follows: when the temperature changes, it comes into effect archimedes power,warm air rises and cold air sinks.

The scientific point of view confirms Halley’s thoughts; modern scientists formulate the reason for the occurrence of wind as follows: uneven heating of the earth's surface.

The most curious thing about the wind

You can observe the wind absolutely different corners Earth. I'll reveal the most interesting facts about the wind.

In addition to the many scientific varieties of wind, there is also a classification given by humanity.

The wind is a doctor. This is what people call the cool, summer sea breeze.

watermelon wind. It is present on the Turkish coast Aegean Sea, during the ripening period of melons.
Indian wind. The gentle Kamchatka wind helps women dry their clothes quickly.

Why does wind occur in the mountains?

So it’s time to explain the reason for the occurrence of wind in the mountains of the Republic of Khakassia. Mountains can act as wind-forming factor, so be it obstacle for him. On high altitudes In the mountains, air warms up faster than in the lowlands, and this creates low pressure zone, which leads to wind formation. Here it is interesting phenomenon represents the wind. And I’ll tell my children about it around the campfire on my next trip to the lakes.

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Just a week ago the weather in my city changed dramatically. An anticyclone came to us from Asia, which brought “hellish heat”. In this weather, only light can save you breeze. He always brings freshness and coolness. My little daughter does not tolerate heat well, so she is forced to sit out the hottest sun in the apartment. During another evening walk, she asked me a completely unchildish question. She was interested in why the wind blows on Earth. To be honest, I was immediately confused, because I didn’t know how to correctly and easily present information about this natural phenomenon.

How to explain to a child why the wind blows

I'll tell you from personal experience, that for children at an early age quite often this phenomenon is of particular interest. The child cannot understand why the wind blows in one place and not in another. The main thing is to say that x cold wind is formed due to low air temperature.

So that my daughter would understand everything, I showed her clear example. She took a partially inflated balloon and started blowing it with a hairdryer. The ball is noticeable increased its volume and rose upward. So I made it clear that heated the air is light , he always rises. After that, I took the same balloon and put it in the refrigerator. She began to tell her daughter that the Earth is huge, so one place can be cold, and on the opposite side will be hot at the same time. I took the ball out of the refrigerator and we saw that it reduced its volume.

Thanks to this experiment, my child realized that cold air always tends to occupy the territory of warm air. This is how the wind arises.

- This air flow between warm and cold territory on the ground.

Prevailing winds

In certain areas of our planet, different wind flows are formed. The prevailing winds on Earth are:

The main significance of all these winds is that they bring coolness and precipitation

My father, when he was young, loved to fly hang gliders, and at some point in his life, he even made some parts for small airplanes. Such people are romantics and dreamers in life. Approach any pilot (amateur or professional) - they will start such conversations about life). I myself had the opportunity to fly on a maize truck and a motorized hang glider. This is an incredible feeling, all the emotions cannot be described. I highly recommend it.

Trike

The dominance of wind on the planet

In most places Earth air masses predominate and have a certain direction. Usually, at the poles easterly winds meet moderate climate - western, and in tropical The wind is again blowing in an easterly direction. Calm places, where the winds hardly prevail, are found in polar region And subtropical zone . Here the air moves mainly vertically, which causes high humidity levels.

The role of wind in people's lives

Wind plays a huge role in people's lives, influencing:

transport design;
energy production;
recreation and sports;
increased destruction.

The first point includes the use of wind to propel vessels with sails or non-motorized ones. aircraft(for example, a hang glider). As a source energy wind was used for the first time Sinhalese() to light the stoves. Another example is the use of windmills for both mechanical processing and energy production. The first mention of the mill is attributed to Heron, who lived in 1st century AD. Currently gaining momentum wind power(wind power plants).

Wind power plants

In sports and recreation used for hang gliding, paragliding, hot-air balloon And so on. If speak about destructive wind, it can both destroy a poorly constructed bridge with sudden gusts and damage power lines. Also, wind can intensify the fire. Wind speed from 12 m/s capable of felling a large tree. Wind speed 35 m/s can damage buildings, strip paint from cars, or break windows. And, here, in front of the wind at speed 90 m/s Not a single building in the world can stand anymore.

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Wind is one of the most unique natural phenomena. We cannot see or touch it, but we are able to observe the results of its manifestation, for example, how it slowly or quickly drives clouds across the sky, bends trees to the ground with its force, or slightly ruffles leaves.

Wind concept

What is wind? The definition from a meteorological point of view is as follows: this is the horizontal movement of layers of air from an area with high atmospheric pressure to a zone of low pressure, accompanied by a certain speed. This movement occurs because during the day the sun penetrates the Earth's air layer. Some rays, reaching the surface, heat the oceans, seas, rivers, mountains, soil, rocks and stones, which release heat into the air, thereby heating it. Over the same amount of time, dark objects absorb more heat and warm up more.

But what does it matter how the heat is given off and how quickly? And how does this help us figure out what wind is? The definition is as follows: land heats up faster than water, which means that the air accumulated above it receives heat from it and rises, therefore, the atmospheric pressure over this area drops. With water, everything is exactly the opposite: above it, the air masses are colder and the pressure is higher. As a result, cold air is displaced from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure, forming wind. The greater the difference between these pressures, the stronger it is.

Types of winds

Having figured out what wind is, you need to find out how many types there are and how they differ from each other. There are three main groups of winds:

local;
permanent;
regional.

Local winds live up to their name and blow only in certain areas of our planet. Their appearance is associated with the specifics of local reliefs and temperature changes in relatively short periods of time. These winds are characterized by short duration and daily periodicity.

What is wind local origin, now it’s clear, but it is also divided into its subspecies:

A breeze is a light wind that changes direction twice a day. During the day it blows from sea to land, and at night it blows vice versa.
Bora is a high-speed cold air current blowing from mountain tops to valleys or coasts. He is fickle.
Föhn is a warm and light spring wind.
Sukhovei is a dry wind that prevails in steppe regions during the warm period of time under anticyclone conditions. It foretells drought.
Sirocco - rapid southern, southwestern air currents that form in the Sahara.
What is the khamsin wind? These are dusty, dry and hot air masses that predominate in northeastern Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.

TO constant winds These include those that depend on the total air circulation. They are stable, uniform, constant and strong. These include:

trade winds - winds from the east, characterized by constancy, unchanging direction and strength of 3-4 points;
anti-trade winds are winds from the west that carry huge air masses.

Regional wind appears as a result of pressure differences, a little similar to local wind, but more stable and powerful. A bright representative This species is considered to be the monsoon, which originates in the tropics, at the border with the ocean. It blows periodically, but in large streams, changing its direction a couple of times a year: during the summer season - from water to land, during winter - vice versa. The monsoon brings a lot of moisture in the form of rain.

Strong wind is...

What is a strong wind and how does it differ from other currents? Its most important feature is its high speed, which ranges from 14-32 m/s. It produces devastating effects or causes damage and destruction. In addition to speed, temperature, direction, location and duration also matter.

Types of strong winds

A typhoon (hurricane) is accompanied by intense precipitation and a drop in temperature, great strength, speed (177 km/h or more), blows at a distance of 20-200 m for several days.
What is the wind called a squall? This is a sharp, sudden flow with a speed of 72-108 km/h, formed during the hot period as a result of the powerful penetration of cold air into warm zones. It blows for a couple of seconds or tens of minutes, changing direction, and brings a decrease in temperature.
Storm: its speed is 103-120 km/h. Characterized by high duration and strength. It is the source of strong sea vibrations and destruction on land.

A tornado (tornado) is an air vortex, visually similar to a dark column along which a curved axis runs. At the bottom and top of the pillar there are extensions similar to a funnel. The air in the vortex spins counterclockwise at a speed of 300 km/h and draws all nearby objects and objects into its funnel. The pressure inside the tornado is reduced. The height of the pillar reaches 1500 m, and its diameter ranges from tens (above water) to hundreds of meters (above the ground). A tornado can travel from a couple of hundred meters to tens of kilometers at a speed of 60 km/h.
A storm is an air mass whose speed is in the range of 62-100 km/h. Storms abundantly cover areas with sand, dust, snow, and earth, causing harm to people and households.

Description of wind force

Answering the question about what wind force is, it would be appropriate to note that here the concept of force is interconnected with speed: the higher it is, the stronger the wind. This indicator is measured on the 13-point Beaufort scale. A zero value characterizes calm, 3 points - light, weak wind, 7 - powerful, 9 - the appearance of a storm, over nine - merciless storms, hurricanes. Strong winds often blow over the sea and ocean, because nothing interferes with them here, unlike rocky mountains, hills, and forests.

Definition of solar wind

What is solar wind? This amazing phenomenon. Ionized plasma particles stream out from the solar corona (outer layer) into space with a speed range of 300-1200 km/s, which depends on the activity of the Sun.

There are slow (400 km/s), fast (700 km/s), and high-speed (up to 1200 km/s) solar winds. They form an area with space around the central celestial body that protects solar system from interstellar gas entering it. In addition, thanks to them, phenomena such as the radiation belt and the aurora occur on our planet. This is what solar wind is.

Head: Babushkina Vera Vladimirovna

Author: senior group Babushkin Maxim

MBDOU kindergarten No. 10 “Golden Key” Kstovo

Research work “Why does the wind blow?”

Introduction
General information
Human use of wind
Experiment
Bibliography

1. Introduction.

While walking outside, I had a question: “Why does the wind blow?” Mom explained to me that wind is air that moves. Warm air rises because it is lighter than cold air, and cold air sinks. This movement of air forms wind. The sun warms the earth and the air heats up from the earth, but on the earth there are plants, houses, water - they heat up unequally, which means the air above them different temperatures. Air moves over fields, seas, forests, hot deserts all the time. The air swirls around the entire earth, the wind blows sometimes stronger, sometimes weaker. I wondered: “Why does the wind blow?” So I decided to answer this question.

Problem: why does the wind blow?

Object of study: wind.

Target: find out why the wind blows.

Tasks:

select and study literature that talks about wind, what types of winds there are
determine why the wind blows
find out through experiment how the wind appears, what can strengthen and weaken the wind

Relevance:

The importance of wind in our lives is difficult to underestimate. In the absence of movement of air masses, water evaporating from water surfaces under the influence of the sun would still hang over the reservoirs in the form of clouds. Accordingly, the wind performs the most important role in the water cycle in nature, thereby supporting life on earth. Wind has also been used by man since ancient times to improve life.

Hypothesis: wind is air that moves.

Research methods:

reading literature on this topic
conducting experiments
observation
analysis of the results obtained

During my research, here's what I learned:

2.General information.

In the arsenal of weather vagaries, one of the main places is, of course, given to the wind. It can be warm and gentle, or it can blow with such force that the flow of air tears off the roofs of houses and carries away household utensils.

It brings rain with it, or vice versa, it disperses the clouds hanging over the city, returning blue sky and good weather. He obeys only his own desires, is unpredictable and can turn out to be both a friend and an enemy. But what is wind really, and how does it arise?

What is wind?

Wind is called movement air mass from high pressure zone to zone low blood pressure. As a rule, these movements are directed horizontally.

Although there are ascending and descending air currents that form atmospheric pressure differences in different parts of the planet, they are not usually called winds. In addition to pressure differences, the speed and direction of winds are also influenced to some extent by ocean currents, the rotation of the Earth, terrain, and other factors.

How do winds appear?

During daylight hours The Sun gives the Earth's surface a huge amount of thermal energy, heating the land and the thickness of the World Ocean. But this heating is extremely uneven and depends on many factors.

The most important of them is the distance to the Sun: the equatorial regions, due to the fact that the Earth’s axis of rotation is located vertically to its orbit, are slightly closer to the star, and they receive more energy than the poles.

Land warms up during the day better than water, but water retains thermal energy better.

All this leads to the fact that atmospheric air, which is heated primarily by the planet's surface, is warmer in some places than others. The heated air rushes upward, creating a rarefied space, and cooler air from the neighboring zone rushes in its place.

On the formation of winds big influence are influenced by local conditions. In certain parts of the planet, as a result of this influence, specific local winds are formed. They, along with the regulars, participate in air circulation and largely form climatic conditions in certain areas of the planet. Sometimes the formation of local winds is influenced by temperature differences near the shores of reservoirs, in mountainous areas or on plains. Wind speed is measured using a wind meter (anemometer) or probes. Short-term winds lasting a few seconds are called gusts. Wind average duration called a squall. The name of continuous winds depends on their strength:

Tornado– intense wind, which is observed mainly over land North America, and is also formed as a result of the interaction of cold arctic air masses with warm over Caribbean Sea. This wind repeats itself very often and is squally in nature.

Sukhovey– also wind, which is associated with atmospheric air pressure. It blows in desert and semi-desert areas, in steppe zones– for example, in the deserts of Kazakhstan. The dry wind blows monotonously for several days, and since the air temperature is high and the humidity in such an area is low, it dries out the soil very much and has a detrimental effect on vegetation.

Marshmallow- warm humid wind. It is common in the region Mediterranean Sea, but its character differs from in what part of this area it blows. In the eastern region, the zephyr often brings with it showers and is most intense in the summer, while in the western region it is a light, refreshing, pleasant wind.

Breeze– a warm wind with less localization than, for example, a monsoon or trade wind. The breeze mainly blows at night from the shore to the sea, and during the day from the sea to the shore. The direction can change several times a day.
Bora- represents a sharp wind, characterized by coldness. Its localization is mountain ranges, from which it blows onto the valleys. The wind can reach quite high speeds (up to 9 points), but is of a fickle nature.

3.Use of wind by man.

To understand how the wind helps a person, it is enough to remember that the power of the wind has been used by man since ancient times. By inflating the sails of ships, the wind played a very important role in the study and development of our planet. To harness the power of the wind, people built windmills to grind the seeds of cereal plants, which were then used as food.

Currently, wind power is used through its intermediate conversion into mechanical energy to generate electricity. In remote areas where there are no power lines, wind turbines are used. For example, polar explorers use the power of the wind to obtain light and heat. Wind is also used in aviation. It is known that to create additional lift, airplanes always take off against the wind. Also, by using tailwinds, aviation saves a significant amount of fuel.

An important factor in surface erosion is wind. With its help, the rocks of the planet are transformed into sedimentary rocks. Wherever there is sand now, there used to be only mountains. Forming the surface of the planet, it was the wind that brought it to its modern form.

When noting how the wind affects a person, one should remember it main role in the transport of plant seeds over distances. Also, the role of wind as an assistant in fertilizing plants with pollen is enormous. Taking an active part in the life of plants, wind is the main factor in the life of the planet's flora, which is the main supplier of energy and building materials. It's hard to underestimate aesthetic value wind. It's nice to feel the light refreshing touch of the breeze on a hot summer day.

4.Experiment

I decided to test why the wind blows through an experiment.

Hold a snake over the candle “How does the wind come about?”
Where is it warmer?
Ships
Storm in a teacup
Experience with a turntable

When I placed the snake over the candle, it began to spin. Why does it rotate? Because warm air goes up and picks up the snake.

I also decided to check where it is warmer above the battery, or under the battery. First I held my hand under the radiator, the air there was cool.

Then I held my hand over the radiator, the air there was warm. This means it is warmer at the top, because warm air always rises.

I blew on the boats and they sailed. They swam because they were pushed by the breeze that I exhaled.
I put a straw in a glass of water and blew into it, thus creating a storm in a glass of water.

The spinner spins because the wind from the hair dryer hits its blades. If you blow hard it spins quickly, if you blow quietly it spins slowly.

5.Conclusion

From literature I learned that wind is the movement of air. That warm air rises upward because it is lighter than cold air, and cold air sinks down. This movement of air forms wind. I was very interested to know what types of winds there are: tornado, breeze, bora, dry wind, zephyr. I also learned why a person needs wind: winds carry the seeds of many plants; They help mills work and sailing ships sail. I also learned about devices that measure the strength and direction of wind - anemometers.

After conducting experiments, I found out that:

Warm air rises to the top, cold air sinks to the bottom
The wind pushes the ships
There may be strong and weak winds

Thus, the problem that interested me is solved. The goal I set for myself has been fulfilled.

Wind is a flow of air that moves horizontally relative to the earth in nature. We don’t see it, but if we stand facing the wind, we feel a pleasant touch, incomparable to anything else. The wind can be: warm, cold, gusty, hurricane, frosty, strong, weak. It can be everywhere, regardless of whether it is a city or a village, rivers or mountains, seas or oceans.

Wind is formed due to the fact that some areas of the earth warm up unevenly, thereby forming warm or cold air. The wind blows from an area of high pressure to low pressure, i.e. The poles of the earth are an area of high pressure, and the equator is a pole of low pressure. From the southern direction of the earth the wind blows to the left, from the north to the right, this happens due to the rotation of the earth. An anticyclone is created when dense layers of air collide with less dense layers, and they move more slowly.

There are monsoon winds and there are trade winds, these are the two main circulating currents over our planet.

Trade winds blow from the tropics, because they form in an area of high pressure and move towards the equator, which is in an area of low pressure. And when the earth rotates, these resulting winds begin to blow south direction. The countries that are most influenced by trade winds are South America, Australia, the winds that form there over the oceans bring rain almost all year round. IN North Africa The winds blow from the center of Asia, so they are always hot and dry. Thus, by the direction of the wind you can understand where the famous Sahara Desert came from. And the winds that blow from there are always dry, not bringing moisture.

Monsoons- these are changeable winds. They blow at certain times of the year, which is where they got their name (from Arabic mawsim - time of year). In summer, monsoons blow from the sea to land; in winter, on the contrary, this happens due to the fact that on the mainland during the warm season the air quickly heats up, expands and rises, forming an area of low pressure. And at this time, the air over the ocean warms up more slowly, which means that the wind begins to blow onto land, bringing humid air and rain. In winter, everything happens the other way around, the ocean cools down more slowly, an area of low pressure is formed on it, which meets an area of high pressure coming from the mainland, so the monsoon that comes from the ocean will be cold and dry.

Bora is a strong, sharp, squally wind that moves at high speed even at low temperatures. Basically, this wind comes from the tops of the mountains and descends closer to reservoirs, lakes, seas and can last for several days. Actually, due to the fact that the mountains separate the areas and the bora wind is formed, the difference between the temperature of the wind and the temperature formed above the reservoir causes the wind to move even stronger. Shipwrecks often occur due to the fault of these winds.

Föhn- this type of wind is a little similar to the boron wind. The foehn also moves from the mountains to the coast; when its speed is high enough, it is a warm, light breeze. Most often, this wind prevails in mountainous areas, and thanks to the blowing of the hairdryer, snow melts, avalanches occur, and high evaporation of moisture occurs.

Breeze- this is the wind blowing from the direction of reservoirs, lakes, seas. Its direction directly depends on temperature changes, so it can circulate and change its direction several times a day. Basically, the daytime breeze moves from the side of the reservoir towards the land, and at night, on the contrary, from the cooled coast towards the water.

Tornado- in other words, it's a tornado. Due to the strong difference atmospheric pressure a funnel is formed. A funnel forms under the cumulus rain clouds and descends all the way to the ground. A tornado moves with enormous force and speed, drawing in and destroying everything in its path. You can also hear a strong hum and roar when moving. The power of this wind is so strong that it easily lifts cars, houses, and heavy objects into the sky.

Sukhovey- This hot wind, blows most often in lowland, steppe and desert zones. It can continue for several days and due to strong high temperature when the humidity of the area is low, it dries out the air and dries out the soil, which has a bad effect on the fertility of the soil. And with prolonged dry winds, drought even sets in.

Marshmallow- a pleasant, warm, light breeze that brings moisture and gets its name from ancient Greek god Zephyr, which blew across the Mediterranean. This wind is observed most often in the summer, and it can be either warm and light or cool, bringing heavy rains.

Types of winds

Name of the wind	Areas of distribution	The direction the wind is blowing from
Trade winds	Tropics	N.-E., S.-E.
Winds of the west transfer	Temperate latitudes	Z., S.-Z.
Monsoons	East coast of Eurasia and North. America	In summer - from the ocean to the mainland, in winter - from the mainland to the ocean
Katava winds	Antarctica	From the center of the continent to the periphery
Breeze	Sea coasts	During the day - from sea to land, at night - from land to sea
Föhn	Mountain systems, especially the Alps, Pamirs, Caucasus	From mountains to valleys

Wind, a word that implies so much, is a gentle breeze that we see and feel on a warm summer day and destructive hurricanes, which tear down and sweep away everything they meet on their way.

Most children at a certain period of their development become “why kids”. The flow of questions from them does not stop even during meals, and mothers and fathers, as well as grandparents, sometimes simply get lost and do not know how to answer this or that “Why?..”.

Some kids come up with different questions just on the fly, and for every answer that their parents prepared for them, they already have about five new questions on this or another topic. By the way, most often children ask their mothers and fathers all these “Why?..” at the most inopportune moment of time.

Explaining a complex physical or biological process to a child in a way that he understands can be very difficult. For example, this is how to answer a baby, or why does the wind blow all the time? If you start to get lost, inventing various explanations, the child will very quickly “fall asleep” you big amount questions. Next we offer you short story for children, from which they can easily understand why the wind blows.

How to explain to a child why the wind blows?

Before you start your story, explain to your child, or even better, demonstrate this: if you heat a balloon with your mother’s hairdryer, it will inflate even more and begin to rise upward. If after this you put it in the refrigerator or take it outside in winter, it will again decrease in size and go down.

Why is this happening? Yes, because air, when heated, becomes lighter, and when it cools, it becomes heavier. Next, it will be easier to explain to the baby that the wind is the same as air. And it blows because the air is from warm countries rises up, and the cold north wind immediately flies to take its place. Wind is the constant, never-ending movement of warm and cold air.

For a more accessible understanding, you can also draw an analogy with water. Every child has seen water flowing in a river at least once. And the wind is exactly the same rivers, only air ones, which constantly flow around the entire globe.

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